Oncilla Wild Cat - Ya Bayyana Asiri * Vertebrates

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Kamar yadda ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun haruffan ya faɗi, a cikin sanannen fim ɗin: "a cikin gandun daji na Brazil akwai birai da yawa na daji." Amma bishi na daji don haduwa da shi akwai babban nasara.

Bayan haka, oncilla abu ne mai wuyar ganewa, kama da ƙaramin jaguar, wanda yake jagorantar dabbar da daddare, da masanan binciken kimiyya ba su yi nazarinsu sosai ba. Amma har yanzu, an riga an san wani abu game da ita.

Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya daga Brazil sun gano cewa bishiyar daji a kan daji a cikin gandun dajin kasar tana da nau'ikan halittu biyu daban kuma a zahiri tana da yawan jama'a biyu.

Masana ilimin halitta sunyi wani bincike game da kwayoyin halitta na DNA na wasu kuliyoyin da aka zaba don gwajin. Waɗannan dabbobin, yawancinsu suna da mazauninsu na al'ada, iri ɗaya ne da sifa da girma zuwa cat na gida na yau da kullun.

Yanzu da yawa daga jinsuna ana daukarsu damisa mai kwari, daga cikinsu akwai oncilla:

Andean cat (Leopardus jacobitus)
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)
Dogon Tsara da aka sani (Leopardus wiedii)
Kayan Geoffrey (Leopardus geoffroyi)
Catan Chilean (Leopardus guigna)
Pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo)
Leopardus pajeros (babu sunan Rasha)

Masana ilimin halitta suna sha'awar yadda sau da yawa tsaka-tsakin yanayi suka faru. Sakamakon bincike, ya yiwu a tabbatar da cewa oncilli ba jinsin daya bane. Cats da ke rayuwa a arewa maso gabashin Brazil sun haye tare da kuliyoyin Pampas kuma sun kirkiro wani nau'in, wanda yanzu ake kira Leopardus tigrinus. Yawan kudanci ya samo wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin kuliyoyin Geoffrey. An kira wannan nau'in - Leopardus guttulus.

Masu binciken sun lura cewa alamu na yanki sun ba da gudummawa ga wannan rabuwa. Tun a cikin gabashin-gabashin kasar, kuliyoyi suna zaune a cikin busassun bishiyoyi na savannah, da kuma yawan kudanci a cikin gandunan daji na tekun Atlantika.

Ta amfani da hanyar nazarin kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin, masanan kimiyya suna kokarin sake gina hanyoyin juyin halitta na ci gaban duniyar dabbobi da rayuwa a duniya.

Yawan al'amuran da na oncilli

Ana samun waɗannan kuliyoyi daga arewacin Argentina da kudu maso gabashin Brazil zuwa arewacin Panama da Costa Rica.

Koyaya, mazaunin yana da heterogeneous da mosaic. A mafi yawan wuraren da aka bayyana, wannan cat ba kasafai ake yi ba. A cikin Amazon, alal misali, babu shi kwata-kwata. Yana da in mun gwada da na kowa a cikin subtropical da dutsen gandun daji.

A launi na oncilla da gaske yayi kama da ƙaramin jaguar.

Ana rarrabe ƙananan kan oncilla ta tsawon tsawon sutura, sautin launi, da kuma tsabta tsarin. Akwai manyan kasassu guda 3 na wadannan dabbobin:

Leopardus tigrinus yafewar gafara - yana zaune ne a yankin Ecuador, Kolumbia da kuma yankin yammacin Venezuela,
Leopardus tigrinus guttulus - wanda aka samo a arewacin Argentina, a kudancin Brazil, Paraguay da Uruguay,
Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus - wanda aka samo a arewa maso gabashin Brazil, a Guyana, da gabashin gabashin Venezuela.

Oncilla salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki

Wadannan dabbobin suna zaune ne galibi gandun daji na yankin da ke da sauyin yanayi. Oncillas suna matukar son dazuzzuka dutse tare da babban zafi, wanda za'a iya samun su har zuwa tsawon 3 km sama da matakin teku. Koyaya, a cikin gandun daji bushe, alal misali a Venezuela, waɗannan kuliyoyi ana samun su sau da yawa.

Ba a yin nazarin rayuwar rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi. Kamar yawancin wakilan dangin feline, ana aiwatar da aikin oncillus galibi a cikin duhu. Da rana sun fi son shakatawa, hawa kan rassan bishiyoyi.

Tunda akan oncilla ƙaramin ɗanɗano ne, kowane nau'in ƙananan ƙwayoyi, macizai, ƙaiƙayi, kwaɗi da tsuntsayen suna cikin abincinsa. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa wannan cat wani lokacin yakan ci har akan ƙananan birai.

Abincin da ke jikin majalisa ya hada da kananan ƙwayoyi, tsuntsaye, macizai marasa guba da kwaɗi na itace.

Oncill yaduwa

Tunda, kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, wannan nau'in ɗan binciken kaɗan ne, yana yiwuwa ku yanke hukunci game da haihuwar ƙungiya kawai saboda halayensu a cikin bauta. Tsarin mace na mace bai daɗe, yan kwanaki ne kawai. Bayan ta sami juna biyu, ta haifi 'ya yan sati 10 zuwa 11. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, a matsayin mai mulkin, akwai daga 1 zuwa 2 cubs.

Kamar yawancin nau'ikan kuliyoyi, kittens an haife su makaho. Idanunsu kawai suke budewa kwanaki 20 kacal bayan haihuwa. Lokacin lactation din ya wuce har zuwa watanni 3, bayan haka mahaifiyar cat a hankali ta canza kitso zuwa tsarin abincin nama. Budurwa Oncillus tana faruwa ne a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.

Ba abin da aka sani game da yaduwar majalisai a cikin yanayi.

Matsayi na kariya daga jinsin

A karshen karni na 20, Oncillas ya kasance wani shahararren farauta a tsakanin masu farauta. Wannan nau'in ya sami irin wannan sanannen ne saboda kyawun gashin kansa. A yanzu, cikin yawan waɗannan kuliyoyin, akwai mutane kusan dubu 50. Babban barazanar da ake yi wa jinsin ya kasance har ilayau ne, har ma da samar da kofi, don namo shi wanda ake sare gandun daji a cikin mazaunan oncilli. Dokar farautar waɗannan kuliyoyi a yawancin ƙasashe da ke rufe mazauninsu shine doka ta haramta.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Bayanin Oncilla (Oncilla)

Yankin jaguar na farko da za'a tattauna shine Oncilla. Sunan wannan dabbar a fassara daga yaren cikin gida na nufin “kadan jaguar”. A cikin duniyar kimiyya, ana kiranta "ƙaramin jaguar" ƙaramin tsuntsu mai rarrafe (Leopardus tigrinus) ko kuma kawai daskararren tsinke (Felis tigrina). Akwai alamomi da yawa na wannan karamin jaguar, suna bambanta tsakanin su ta tsawon tsawon sutura, launi da kuma tsananin zane.

Oncillas an ware shi a matsayin wani daban na jinsin masana ilimin kimiya na dabbobi kawai kwanan nan a cikin 2013. Hakanan, binciken DNA ya nuna cewa wannan dabbar tana da chromosomes 36 ne kawai, yayin da yawancin wakilan dangin zaki suke da chromosomes 38. Masana kimiyya sun kuma yanke shawarar cewa karnukan oncilla ba suyi hulɗa da wasu mutanen da ke da nasu ba, amma tare da kuliyoyin Geoffrey da suke zaune a yanki guda. .

Bayyanar.

Yankunan rarraba da mazauninsu. Oncilla ana rarraba cikin Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Hakan ya zama ruwan dare musamman a Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Paraguay da Ecuador. Yankin da ke yankin da ya fi rikodin yanki shi ne Costa Rica. Jan ƙaramin jaguars suna ba da fifiko ga kasancewar su ba ga tsaunukan da ba a daɗe ba na Kudancin Amurka, amma ana samun su a yawancin wurare masu bushewa, da kuma wuraren da ake sare bishiyoyin eucalyptus ko a gonakin da aka yi watsi da su. Wani lokaci ana iya samun wannan cat-jaguar kai tsaye kusa da gidan mutumin.

Rayuwar Oncill Wannan ɗan itacen cin abincin daji ba shi da labari, wanda babban abincinsa shine duk ƙananan ƙananan dabbobi a Kudancin Amurka, tsuntsayen, kwayayen bishiyoyi, dabbobi masu rarrafe (da ba mai guba), har ma da wasu ƙananan dabbobi da kuma sansu. Kuma idan farauta ya kama mafi yawan dare, to da rana waɗannan magabatan sun gwammace su huta a kan rassan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, daga amintattu daga mafarautan da suka fi girma. Duk da cewa girman oncilla karami ne, yanayin su na da matukar tashin hankali da zubar jini. Suna kare yankinsu ko rayuwarsu, sun sami damar tsayawa kansu kansu, ba tare da wata fargaba ba kan iyakar da ke kan iyaka ko kai hari ga mafarauta.

Abokan gaba Duk da cewa girman oncilla kadan ne, amma kusan babu abokan gaba na zahiri da zasu iya kama wannan katuwar bisharar da take da mayuka. Manyan makiyanta sune masu farauta, suna farauta kyawawan furfura. Amma a zamanin yau, har ma da mafarauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba (ana kiyaye shi akan oncilla kusan dukkanin jihohi) suna haifar da ƙarin lahani ga yawan waɗannan dabbobin cute, amma kamfanonin ragi waɗanda ke daina tsayawa suna lalata babban mazauninsu - gandun daji masu daɗewa na Kudancin Amurka.

Sanannu ne cewa budurcin mace na faruwa ne a lokacin da ya kai kimanin shekara ɗaya da rabi, kuma maza suna da shekara 2 kuma lokacin haɓakar waɗannan dabbobin ya ragu sosai kuma kwanaki kaɗan ne kawai a shekara. Kawai 1-2 makafin kittens tare da nauyin jiki bai wuce gram 120 ba ana haihuwar su a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Idanun Kittens suna budewa ne kawai a karshen satin na uku na rayuwa. Ciyar da madara ga uwar yara ta cat cat na tsawon watanni uku. Bayan haka sun canza gaba ɗaya zuwa abincin nama mai ƙarfi. Kasancewar mai zaman kanta ya fara daga watanni goma.

Kofar Codecode (Kodkod)

Codecode wani nau'in cat na daji ne wanda yayi kama da ƙaramin jaguar a cikin bayyanar sa. Lambar lambar, ko, kamar yadda kuma ake kira shi, cat na Chili (Oncifelis guigna, Felis guigna) shine mafi kusancin dangin oncilla, kodayake ya bambanta da shi sosai da alama.

Bayyanar.

Yankunan rarraba da mazauninsu. A catal na Chilean suna zaune ne a kudu maso yamma na Kudancin Amurka, a tsakiya da kuma sassan kudancin ƙasar ta Chile (saboda haka sunan nau'in halitta) kuma a cikin Argentina babu ƙima. Ana samo shi a cikin yanayi a cikin gandun daji mai cike da danshi da kuma sanyi na yankin Kudancin Amurka, a cikin wuraren dazuzzukan kebansu, da ke kusa da koguna da tabkuna. Wasu lokuta ana iya samun waɗannan dabbobin kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam (musamman a wurare masu sanyin hankali da ba a aiwatar da kwararar daji da farauta).

Rayuwa. Lambar wani makadaici ne wanda ke farauta, yawanci a yamma. Koyaya, idan an ajiye wuraren sosai, yana iya farauta da rana. Abincin lambar shine galibi ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Wani lokaci - abubuwan da ba mai guba da wasu kwari. Ba haka ba ne mai wuya cewa geese gida, ducks da hens sun zama wadanda ke fama da lambar. Rayuwar rayuwar wannan cat tana da sirri sosai kuma ba a yi nazari sosai ba. Abin sani kawai cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna ciyar da babban lokacin rana a kan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, suna saukowa kawai don farauta ko don tsara mazauninsu, girmansa ya kai muraba'in mita 2,5. km A cikin dazuzzuka marasa kwari da bishiyoyi na kwari, a lokacin da rana take samun lambar tana ɓoye a cikin ɓoye ko yin ramin wa kanta cikin gulles da kwari. A lokacin balaga na wakilan wannan nau'in ya faru ne kimanin shekaru 2. Cutar da mace tayi tsawon kwanaki 73-78. Daga kitso 1 zuwa 3 ana haihuwar su a cikin brood, ciyar da wanda madara ya kai har watanni 3. Tsammani na rayuwa, koda a cikin yanayi mai kyau na ɗaurarru, ƙanƙane ne - shekaru 10-11. A yanayin - ana ɗauka ko da ƙasa da haka.

Abokan gaba Wannan cat na daji ba shi da abokan gaba. Kama shi ba abu bane mai sauki. Saboda haka, babbar matsalar yawan jama'ar wannan dabbar mai ban mamaki ita ce lalata dabbobi da mutum ke yi domin noman kofi, kazalika da farautar namun daji saboda kyakkyawar fata dabba. Manoma galibi suna kashe lambobin don ɗaukar fansa don kaji da aka lalata, kuma wani lokacin waɗannan dabbobin kan zama masu haɗari na karnuka ko farauta da karnuka.

Fitowar Oncilla

A waje, kan oncilla yana da alaƙa da ƙaramar jaguar. An fassara wannan sunan - "ƙaramin jaguar." Tsawonta shine santimita 60-85, oncilla tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan kuliyoyi. Kuma santimita 25-40 ya fadi akan wutsiya. Amfanin cat yana daga kilo 1.5 zuwa 3. Siffar kunnuwan kurji mai amo yana da zagaye. Kunnuwa tare da farin wutiri a tsakiya, da baƙi a waje. Jawo na cat a takaice, mai taushi da kauri.

Na sauran itacen oncilla, ana bambanta launi mai haske. A tarnaƙi da baya, mayafin yana da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da kyawawan launuka masu duhu, ciki da kirji mai kama da tsuntsu mai fararen fata fararen fata ne kuma suna da aibobi na fata masu launin fata. A kan fuska, dabbar tana da alamun farin ciki. Jiki na sama tare da ratsi na tsaye, wanda ya kunshi duhu duhu.

Oncilla yawanci yana zaune a cikin katako na gandun daji. A cikin gandun daji, ana iya samun oncilla a tsawan sama da nisan mita dubu uku sama da matakin teku. Ana samun su a yankuna tare da gandun daji, a cikin gonar eucalyptus da aka bari, kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.

Me yasa "ƙaramin jaguar"? Haka ne, komai yana da sauki, oncilla da gaske yana kama da jaguar, ƙari da launi suna da ikon yin yawon shakatawa mara kyau ya rikitar da shi tare da jaririn Jaguar.

Koyaya, tare da yin nazari a hankali game da dabba, ya zama a bayyane yake cewa damin damisa shine mafi ƙanƙancin kuliyoyin a yankin naototic. Tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da danginta - maciji da cat mai dogon wutsiya.

Tsawon jiki na oncilla ya kai kawai cm 65. Wutsiya ita ce cm 40. nauyin namiji zai iya kaiwa kilogram 3, amma a yanayin cewa ƙimanin manya ne. Kafafun dabbar daji suna da tsawo. Kuma kunnuwa da idanu suna da girma har suna ba wa dabbar kyau kyakkyawa da kamannin kallo.

Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa na oncillas shine launinta. Launi mai haske na Jawo ya bambanta cat da sauran membobin iyali. A tarnaƙi kuma a baya, mayafin yana da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da kyawawan launuka masu duhu. Amma ciki da kirji suna fararen fata ne. Zzlearfin ma ma tabo ne, kawai anan ma an ƙara ƙara alamun. An rufe wutsiyar cikin duhu duhu wanda ya hade cikin zobba kusa da bakin (daga 7 zuwa 13 zobba).

Idanu na iya zama haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.

Daga cikin majalisai, ana samun maganganu melanists - kusan kowane mutum na biyar. Irin waɗannan kuliyoyin suna fitowa a cikin launin fata mai ƙarfi na Jawo.

Oncilla salon rayuwa

Ba a yin nazarin rayuwar rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi. Kamar yawancin wakilan dangin feline, ana aiwatar da aikin oncillus galibi a cikin duhu. Da rana sun fi son shakatawa, hawa kan rassan bishiyoyi.

Tunda akan Oncilla karamin ɗan gari ne, abincinsa ya haɗa da nau'ikan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, macizai, alaƙa, kwaɗi da tsuntsaye. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa wannan cat wani lokacin yakan ci har akan ƙananan birai.

Abincin da ke jikin majalisa ya hada da kananan ƙwayoyi, tsuntsaye, macizai marasa guba da kwaɗi na itace.

Oncilla, kamar yawancin kuliyoyin daji, suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Kayan daji mai rarrafe yana aiki da yawa a yamma, kuma yayin rana ta huta a cikin rassan bishiyoyi. Oncilla babban bishiya ne na daji, kuma abincinta ya kasance irin na kuliyoyin daji: tsuntsaye, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (akasarin dabbobi), dabbobi masu rarrafe marasa guba, ƙananan dabbobin daji, da kwaɗar bishiyar daji.

Habitat

Oncilli, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙananan kyan gani da ƙananan kuliyoyi, an yi rikodin su a tsawan 3200 m sama da matakin teku. Sun fi son wuraren zama da gandun daji kuma ana samun su da yawa cikin yanayin yanayin gandun daji, gami da gandun daji mai tsananin zafi a tsawan sama da 1,500 sama da matakin teku.

Daga 350 zuwa 1,500 m, ana iya samun alluna a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ko gumi. Daga 1,500 m da sama, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin gandun daji mai laushi ko gandun daji mai laima. Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna cewa yawan jama'arsu suna karuwa a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe, kuma a Brazil, sun sami nasarar mamaye savannas da ciyayi mai ƙazantaccen ciyayi. Duk da gaskiyar cewa oncillas cikin hikima suke hawa bishiyoyi, da farko waɗannan dabbobi dabbobi ne.

Matsayin jama'a da kariya akan oncilla

Oncilla yana da kyau tamed. Saboda kyakkyawan fur, an daɗe ana farauta mai dabbar tsuntsu. Rashin mazaunin lalacewa ta hanyar lalatattar daji da makiyaya suna haifar da raguwa ga yawan wannan nau'in.

A zahiri, ba a san komai game da rayuwar fadakarwa ba; wannan dabba ce mai rufin asiri da ba kasada ba. Mafi yawan bayanai game da wadannan kuliyoyin an samu su ne ta hanyar lura dasu a cikin gidajen dabbobi na duniya. Kamar yadda kuka fahimta, wannan bayanin ba zai zama cikakke ba.

Babban haɗari, kamar yadda koyaushe, mutum ne. Daga zamanin da, masu shela suna farautar dabbar ne saboda kyakkyawan furfura. Akwai lokacin da kusan mutane dubu 100 aka lalata a kowace shekara (dabbobi 13000 aka kashe a 1977 da kuma 84 500 a 1983), amma yanzu yawan oncilli, a cewar ƙididdiga, kusan kuliyoyi dubu 50 ne kacal.

Oncilla za a iya tamed a gida. Koyaya, yana da wuya a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi na Turai.

Rayuwar rayuwa a cikin bauta ya kai shekaru 20. A cikin yanayi - shekaru 12-15.

An jera allunan a Rataye I CITES.

Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] tigrina [tigrinus] - a Costa Rica.
Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] guttula - a tsakiyar Brazil.
Leopardus (Felis) pardiniodes na tigrina [tigrinus] - a arewacin Andes.
Leopardus (Felis) tigrinais (tigrinus] tigrinis - a cikin arewa maso gabashin Brazil da Guiana.

Halayyar

Oncillas yawanci ba su waye ba, amma wani lokacin suna aiki da rana. Duk da gaskiyar cewa su dabbobi ne na ƙasa, kuliyoyi suna da kyau sosai don hawa. Ana lura da su wasu lokuta a cikin nau'i-nau'i yayin lokacin kiwo, amma ana ɗaukar su mai ɗaure kai. A cikin daji, maza za su iya zama mai matukar tayar da hankali ga mace. Ba sabon abu bane waɗannan dabbobin su kashe dabbobi fiye da kansu.

Habitat

Wannan dabbar dabbar tana zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Preari daidai, an samo shi a yankuna na Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil da kuma a arewacin Argentina. Idan akayi la'akari da cewa oncilla ba'a samo shi a bakin iyakar Amazon ba, ba shi da haɗari a faɗi cewa wannan dabba ta fi son tsaunuka da dazuzzuka, daɗaɗɗen dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka ", wanda tsayinsa bai wuce mita dubu uku da ɗari biyu ba sama da matakin teku. Amma idan gandun daji mai zurfi ne, to matsakaicin tsayi ya kai mita 1500.

Akwai tabbaci cewa ana samun kuliyoyin kurji a cikin gandun daji masu shiga, a cikin yankunan da bishiyoyin eucalyptus da aka yi watsi da su, da kuma cikin dazuzzukan bushe bushe na Venezuela.

A cikin Brazil, Oncillas ya sami nasarar mamaye savannas, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya, ƙazantattun ƙauyuka da tsirrai iri ɗaya.

Rearshen maƙiyi

Kamar yawancin masu farauta, Oncilla yakan yi farauta da maraice, ko da dare. Gaskiya ne, a cikin dazuzzuka masu faɗi, inda koyaushe akwai haske kaɗan, zaku iya haɗuwa da cat da rana.

Cat cat na Tiger yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici. A cikin mata, girman yankin ya kai 2.3 km2. Maza suna da kewayon da ya fi girma - daga 4.8 zuwa 17 km2, kuma wannan ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake tsammani, gwargwadon girman su.

Abincinta ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyi da tsuntsaye (sun sami damar tsabtace tsuntsayen gashin fuka-fukansu kafin cin abinci). Akwai jita-jitar cewa tana da ikon farautar macizai masu guba da kwaɗin itace. Akwai rahotanni da ke cewa a Brazil, oncilli kuma suna ciyar da kananan ƙananan birai. Suna kashe duk wadanda abin ya shafa da cizo guda - sokin kwanyar kuma kai ga kwakwalwa.

Wadannan kuliyoyi suna da kyau kwarai “masu hawa hawa” dangane da bishiyoyi, amma har yanzu sun fi son kasancewa a doron ƙasa.

Dabba bashi da tsoro - oncilla tana da ikon yin gwagwarmaya tare da wakilan manyan abubuwan da suka fi ƙarfin girma. Hakanan yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin irin wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe koyaushe yakan fito nasara.

Kuma waɗannan dabbobin suna iyo sosai! Gaskiya ne, kamar kuliyoyi na gida, ba sa son yin alfahari da shi sosai. Don shiga cikin ruwa zasu iya yin gaggawa kawai.

Gaskiya

Ana farautar kannoni ba bisa ka’ida ba a duk fadin yankin su saboda kyawawan fatar da suke kama da mayafin olusts da kugun da aka daɗe (margay). Tsakanin 1976 da 1982, fatalwar kankara tana daga cikin sahun dabbunan daji mafi kyau. Ana safarar su a kasuwar dabbobi masu cin abinci.

Cat na Geoffroy

Da kuma wani karamin jaguar na Kudancin Amurka - cat Geoffrey (Leopardus geoffroyi, Felis geoffroyi, Oncifelis geoffroyi), wanda aka sanya wa girmamawa ga mai binciken wannan nau'in, dan kasar Faransa Geoffre Saint-Hilaire. Ita ce kuma dan uwanta na mini-jaguar oncilla.

A halin yanzu, an bayyana jinkirin wannan dabba guda huɗu da ke rayuwa a yankuna daban-daban:

Felis geoffroyi geoffroyi - a tsakiyar Argentina,
Felis geoffroyi Paraguayae - a Kudancin Brazil da Uraguay,
Felis geoffroyi Euxantha - in Bolivia,
Felis geoffroyi Salinarum - a yankin Chaco.

Bayanin irin

Bayyanar. Wannan dabba tana kama da kan oncilla da aka riga aka bayyana a sama, tana bambanta kawai a cikin ɗan ƙaramin girman jiki tare da babban adadinta (saboda babban kasusuwa). Girman jikin dabbar daji Geoffrey ya kai kusan kilo 5 a cikin maza kuma yakai 4 kilogiram na mata. Tsawon jikin - daga 45 zuwa 75 santimita. Launi na dabba shine rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da bambancin baƙar fata mai hade da aibobi, da'irori, ratsi da zobba. Sau da yawa akwai mutane baki ɗaya.
Yankunan rarraba da mazauninsu. Ana rarraba cat na Geoffrey a Kudancin Kudancin Amurka - a Kudancin Brazil, a kudancin Argentina kuma a kudancin Patagonia. Gidajen ya ƙunshi wuraren katako na ƙafafun ƙafa da ƙananan tsaunuka, pampas, hamada, solonchak, wuraren ƙananan gandun daji, ciyayi mai tsayi har ma da marshes. Kayan Geoffrey dabbar dabba ce mai daidaituwa wacce zata iya rayuwa cikin nasara cikin yankuna daban daban tare da yanayin muhalli da canjin yanayi. Wannan dabbar tana da ɗanɗano kusancin ɗan adam.
Abokan gaba Babban abokin wannan dabbar shine mutumin da ba kawai yana farautar ta ba don kyakkyawar fur dinta (farauta da kasuwanci a cikin waɗannan dabbobin an hana su a ko'ina), amma kuma yana lalata mazauninta na halitta, yana jan ragama, yankan gandun daji. Wadannan dabbobin basu da makiya na zahiri wadanda zasu iya lalata alƙaluma.
Rayuwa. Cutar Geoffrey, kamar yawancin mambobin cat, suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Yana farauta a kan ƙasa, bishiyoyi, a cikin bishiyoyi ko kusa da tafkunan, galibi a cikin duhu. Mafarautan kofan farauta sun hada da kananan dabbobi da tsuntsayen, har ma da kasar aladu, agouti, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari, qwai tsuntsu da kifin kogin. Dabbar tana iyo sosai kuma baya tsoron tsoron ruwa. Yana faruwa cewa waɗannan dabbobin ma suna kai hari ga ƙananan dabbobin gida (saboda abin da manoma da abin ya shafa ke farautar su da kansu). Da rana, wannan karamin jaguar ya fi son a ɓoye a cikin daji ko a kan itace (a cikin yanki mai dazuka). Shirya shirye shiryen mazauninsu ya zama dole kuma alamomin kullun. Girman abin da aka saba yi ya kai nisan mita 4 zuwa 10. km
Balaga a cikin kuliyoyin wannan nau'in yana faruwa yana da shekaru biyu. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin yakan faru ne akan itace. A cikin gandun daji, jarirai masu kananan yara (galibi a cikin rami) daga nan ake ajiye su a can. A cikin sassan katako, bishiyar Geoffrey tana kafa shingen ɓoye a cikin ɓoye ko a cikin kabura. Daga kitso 1 zuwa 3 ana haihuwar su a cikin zuriyar dabbobi (yawanci har zuwa litter biyu a shekara). Lactation yana ɗaukar watanni uku, bayan haka zuriya ta sauya zuwa abincin nama mai ƙarfi.
Tsawon rayuwa waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi a yanayi ba su da girma, a cikin bauta wasu lokuta rayuwarsu za ta yi shekara 14.

Cat Fisher (Mai tsinkaye tsinkaye)

Da kyau, a ƙarshe, game da cat wanda shima yayi kama da jaguar a cikin ƙananan, amma yana zaune nesa da shi - a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Sunanta cat mai kamun kifi ko cat dinta.

Bayyanar.

Yankunan rarraba da mazauninsu. Babban mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi shine isasar Hindustan, amma kuma tana faruwa a tsibiran Java da Ceylon. An sha gani akai-akai a Malesiya da Thailand. Ainihin, waɗannan dabbobin sun fi son marshlands na sashin ƙasa, mai arziki a cikin rafuffuka, koguna da tafkuna, cike da reza ko ciyawar, wanda ke ba su damar shiga cikin farautar da suka fi so - kamun kifi, amma kuma a amince su ɓoye wa sauran mafarauta idan ya cancanta.

Abokan gaba A dabi'ance, cat na civere kusan babu abokan gaba; yana da matukar isa ya zamewa wani babban daci lokaci. Smalleraramin atorsan wasan da kansu ba sa son haduwa da shi saboda yanayin yanayin zafinsa, mai cike da damuwa. Saboda haka, babban abokin wannan cat shine mutumin da, ta hanyar ayyukansa, yana rushe mazaunin waɗannan ƙananan jaguars na Asiya. Farauta ta wannan cat, saboda dusar ƙanƙara da fatar, ta haifar da lahani ga jama'a. Yanzu ana kamun kifi mai kamun kifi a cikin littafin nan mai suna Red Book kuma doka ta kiyaye shi ko'ina.

Rayuwa. Kamar yadda sunan yake nunawa, babban abincin wannan mashahurin masu cin abincin shine kifi. Sabili da haka, wurin da aka fi so wurin zama a farfajiya shine gadaje na Reed kusa da jikin ruwa. Baya ga kifin da wadannan kuliyoyin ke waƙa a hankali cikin daskararru a ruwa, ko kuma sun nutse bayan zurfin, waɗannan mafarautan suna ciyar da mayuka, mollus da wasu amurka. Lokaci zuwa lokaci suna ciyar da abincinsu da katantanwa, ƙananan tsokoki, tsuntsaye, kajinsu da ƙwai.

Viverra cat ita ce mafarauci ta farauta a kowane lokaci na rana kuma ta gwammace a haɗa kawai da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci don dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Dole ne in faɗi cewa masun kifi na da halin hadaddun rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice, sau da yawa yakan shiga rikici tare da danginsa da sauran mazaunan gandun daji da kewaye.

Zamanin dabbar ta hanyar dabbar ta zama sau da yawa a shekara, mai dorewa, kowane lokaci a cikin mako guda. Cutar karnukan kamun kifi na tsawon kwanaki 64-70. Daga yara biyu zuwa uku ana haihuwar su a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, wanda mahaifiyar ke ciyar da ita tare da madara tsawon watanni uku. Kittens sun zama manya kuma kusan suna 'yanci da shekaru tara.

Ba a tabbatar da tsayuwar rayuwar waɗannan ƙananan jaguars a cikin yanayin ba, a zaman talala daga shekaru 15 zuwa 24.

Duba ƙarin game da kuliyoyin daji a cikin wannan bidiyon:

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