Wasu nau'ikan aladu, suna da alamu mai ban dariya, an haife su ne saboda zaɓin. Amma alade na gemu shine togiya ga wannan dokar.
Yanayin uwa kawai ne ya shiga cikin bayyanar wannan kututtukan tare da gemu. Dubi hoton wannan dabba: yana da wahalar kwatantawa da bayyanar wani alade na gida na yau da kullun, wanda dukkan mu muka saba da shi, ko ba haka ba? Alade mai gemu yana da tsananin zafin ciwu, kafafu sun fi bakin ciki fiye da aladu na yau da kullun.
Kyaftin alade (Sus barbatus).
Waɗannan dabbobin da ba a san su ba suna zaune a tsibirin Borneo, da Sumatra da kuma tsibirin Palawan. Bugu da kari, ana iya samun wannan alade a gabar masarautar Malay da wasu tsibiran Philippine.
Wannan halittar tana zaune a cikin gonar dabbobi, dazuzzukan daji, saboda an tanada komai don abincinsu: dabbobi da abinci iri.
Bayyanar alade mai gemu
Waɗannan manyan dabbobi ne. Yawan nauyinsu ya kai kilo kilogram 150, tsawon jikin mutum da alade na belad: daga 100 zuwa 170 santimita.
Alade mai gemu mazaunin Kudancin Asiya ne.
Tsawon dabba shine 75 - 80 santimita.
Babban abin tunawa a bayyanar wannan dabbar ita ce gemu. An kafa shi ta hanyar dogon gashi mai saurin gashi. Me yasa alade gemu, kuna tambaya? Tambaya mai ma'ana, amma har wa yau, masana kimiyya ba zasu iya amsa ta ba. Za mu yi la’akari da hakan don kyakkyawa.
Dukkanin jikin dabba an rufe shi da wasu irin muryoyi masu launin fata, wadanda aka fentin su launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Hanyoyin gashi suna da wuya a cikin wannan zanen da fata ke sanyawa ta ciki, yana cikin kyawun gashin launin ruwan hoda.
Rayuwar alade mai gemu, abincinsa da halayyar sa cikin daji
Aiki a cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna faruwa a cikin hasken rana. Zai yi wuya ka sadu da aladu gemu kadai, saboda ana amfani dasu ga zama cikin rukuni-ɗai da dama, yawanci 20-30 aladu.
Kusan duk lokaci, alamu na gemu suna cikin jinkirin ƙaura. Suna bin garken gibbons da macaques, suna motsawa daga wannan makiyaya zuwa wani. Me yasa suke bin birai? Komai yana da sauki - bayan firam ɗin akwai abinci da yawa na uneaten: 'ya'yan itatuwa akan bishiyoyi. Aladu masu gemu suna cin kyawawan kayan lambu a bayansu.
A ƙarshen bazara, adadin ƙaura yana ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, a wannan lokaci na shekara mutum zai iya lura da ɗimbin yawa na giyan aladu, ci gaba da tafiya zuwa kudu.
Aladu masu gemu suna ƙaura cikin manyan garkunan.
A wannan lokacin, mazauna karkara waɗanda suka san hanyar garken tun kafin su buɗe farautar aladu mai gemu, adana nama na dogon lokaci.
Ta yaya ake haifuwar aladu na gemu
Kafin kiwo, waɗannan dabbobin suna yin gida. An yi layi tare da ganye masu laushi da ciyawa iri-iri.
Mace mai ciki mai gemu wacce take haihuwar 'yar kimanin watanni hudu, bayan haka ana haihuwar sasanta da yawa. Yawancin lokaci brood ya ƙunshi 2 zuwa 8 piglets.
Femaleaya daga cikin mata alade beard na iya haihuwar 'ya'yan alade guda takwas.
Daysan kwanaki 14 na farko, jariran suna cikin mazaunin da mace ta gina, kuma bayan wannan lokacin, suka fara zuwa sauran membobin garken. Suna bin mahaifiyarsu, suna koyon cinikin abincin nasu.
Lokacin da aladun suka juya shekara ɗaya, sai suka sami cikakken 'yanci. Lokacin da suke shekara daya da rabi, wadannan dabbobin sun girma da yin jima'i kuma sun riga sun sami damar haifarwa kansu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Yaɗa
Aladu masu gemu suna zaune ne a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, musamman a kan Tsibirin Malay, a tsibirin Sumatra, Borneo da wasu tsibiran makwabta. Ana ɗaukar baƙuwar jama'a a Palawan da sauran tsibiran Philippine azaman wani nau'in nau'in alade na Palawan da ke gemu (Sus ahoenobarbus ) Gidajen aladu da gemu shine gandun daji mai zafi da tsirrai.
Halayyar
Alade na gemu yawanci suna aiki yayin rana kuma suna zama a cikin ƙungiyoyin haihuwa. Bambanci tsakanin aladu shine halin ƙaura. Don tafiye-tafiye na hadin gwiwa da yawa kilomita ɗari tsayi, an haɗa ƙungiyoyi da dama zuwa dabbobi dari da yawa lokaci guda. A yayin irin wannan tafiye-tafiye, wanda ya haifar da canjin abinci, aladu masu gemu sun canza zuwa ayyukan dare kuma suna amfani da hanyoyin da suka bijiro na hanyoyin da suka gabata.
Aladu masu gemu sune omnivores kuma sun haɗa da 'ya'yan itace, Tushen, tsutsotsi, da ɓawon ciki. Galibi suna bin gibbons da macaques don ɗaukar thean itacen da magabatansu suka jefa zuwa ƙasa.
Kiwo
Gwanin alade a cikin kandami Bayan wata-wata mai ciki, macen ta haihu da biyu zuwa takwas. Zuriya daga baya, tsari ne mai kama da gida-gida da farko ana aiwatar da shi wanda zuriyarsu sukanyi makon farko na rayuwarsu. Watanni uku bayan haihuwar, suna canzawa daga madara zuwa al'ada, amma suna tare da mahaifiyarsu har sai sun kai shekara ɗaya. Balagagge yakan faru ne yana da shekara 18.
Gemu alade da mutum
A wasu yankuna na Kudu maso Gabas Asiya, ana amfani da naman alade don abinci da farauta. Yan gari sun san lokaci da hanyoyin ƙaura daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin, kuma sau ɗaya a shekara suna cin ganima ta hanyar sauren ƙungiyoyin aladu da yawa. Gabaɗaya, yawan alade da ke gemu ba shi da haɗari.
Haraji
Ya danganta da ra'ayi, ana bambance biyu ko uku na aladu masu gemu. Wannan alade na Bornean ne (Sus barbatus barbatus ) da alade kyakkyawa mai gemu (Sus barbatus oi ) zaune a Sumatra da Yankin Malay. Na uku ƙananan lokuta wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar matsayin aladun da aka ambata a Palawan.
Bayanan kula
Babu wanda ya isa yayi boars Wild boars (lat. Sus) - asalin halittar alade.
Homelandasar haihuwar iska shine Eurasia, amma daga baya suka zauna akan dukkan nahiyoyi, banda yankuna na Arctic, Antarctica, yankuna tsaunukan da basu isa ba, wasu yankuna da tsibiri. Dangane da rakodin archaeological a Hallan Chemi Tepe, kudu maso gabashin Turkiya, an girke dabbobin daji sama da shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata, tun kafin awaki da tumaki.
Puerto Princesa (kogi) Puerto Princesa wani kogi ne na karkashin kasa a tsibirin Palawan, kusa da birnin Puerto Princesa na Philippine.
Aladu Alade (Latin: Suidae) - dangin da ba su da tsayayyen artiodactyls (Artiodactyla), gami da nau'ikan 8, gami da wakilin Turai kawai na dangi - boar daji, wanda shine magadan gidan alade. Ana kiran alade ɗan akuya.
Jerin ire-iren ire-iren dabbobi masu shayarwa Lissafin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna dauke da jerin nau'in halittun dabbobi masu shayarwa (Mammalia), wadanda aka sanya su matsayin nau'in nau'ikan dabbobi masu hadari, Kungiyar Internationalungiyar Internationalasa ta Duniya don Kula da Halittu da Albarkatun Albarkatu (IUCN) ko “Abubuwan da ke cikin Hadari” (nau'in cutarwa mai mahimmanci,). A halin yanzu, Jerin Kawancen IUCN na Hadarin Dabbobi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan dabbobi masu alaƙa da 1196, daga cikin nau'ikan 526 masu saurin cutarwa, nau'ikan 471 suna cikin haɗari kuma nau'in 199 suna cikin gab da halaka. Abubuwa biyu masu tarin yawa na halittar dabbobi, magwajin Dauda da Sahara oryx, sun bayyana akan wannan jerin suna ƙarancin daji (nau'in “inazu a cikin Dabba,”), da kuma nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa iri-iri a matsayin tarihin gaba daya '' Tsarin iri iri, '). An kuma wakilce su a cikin wannan jerin.
A cikin duka, kamar 2005, an san nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 5416. Don haka, sama da kashi biyar na duk nau'ikan wadannan dabbobi ana fuskantar barazanar rushewa, kuma aƙalla 1.5% an riga an gama dasu gaba ɗaya saboda laifofin ɗan adam. Kyawayar dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin wannan jerin an bayar dasu gwargwadon rubutun adabi na zamani.
Gefen naman sa (Sus barbatus) an jera su cikin Jerin IUCN Red a cikin matsayin "nau'in halittu masu rauni"
Hutu da bayyanar
Alade Kyauta (Sus barbatus ) yana da matsakaicin matsakaici: ya zama ruwan dare a cikin gandun daji na daji da na wurare masu zafi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya: a tsibiran Borneo, Sumatra, Palawan, har ma a kan Tsibirin Malay. Alade mai gemu ya bambanta da maƙwabtarta a cikin salon da ya fi “alheri”: ya fi siririn da ƙafafun bakin ciki da kuma madaidaiciya kai. A gaban mucks na wannan dabba, dogo fari da rawaya gashi ke tsiro, saboda wanda ya sami takamaiman sunan sa. Ragowar saman kai da jiki an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ko ulu mai launin toka, a tsari mai kama da bristles. Baya ga kasancewar “gemu”, sifofi na alade irin na gemu shine goge baki a jikin wutsiya. A cikin tsayi, waɗannan aladu sun kai kusan cm cm, yayin da nauyinsu ya tashi daga 120 zuwa 150 kg.
Abinci da rayuwa
Bishiyoyi masu gurnani suna Omnivores kuma suna amfani da tsire-tsire iri-iri (kayan amfanin gona, ganye, harbe, fruitsa andan itaciya da wella )an), har da kwari, ƙananan shinge da kaya. An yi rikodin sauron lokacin da garkunan aladu masu gemu suka bi gungun ma'adanai da gibbons, suna tara abincin da aka jefa a bayan su. Wani fasali na musamman game da halayen waɗannan dabbobin shine ikonsu na dacewa da yanayin rayuwa.
A cikin neman abinci, za su iya haɗa kai da “kabilun kabilu” da yawa su ƙaura nesa da nesa. Haka kuma, yayin hijira, yanayin rayuwar su ta yau da kullun yana canzawa zuwa rayuwar dare.
Halayyar zamantakewa da sake haifarwa
Wadannan aladu suna zaune cikin rukuni, adadin wanda zai iya zama daga dabbobi 8 zuwa 50. Bayan haihuwar wata hudu, ana haihuwar yara biyu zuwa takwas a cikin mace. Don zuriyar, tana gina wani gida mai kama da maza, kuma sa'yan suna ciyar da farkon makonni na rayuwa a ciki.
Bayan watanni uku, aladu sun daina shan madara, amma suna tare da mahaifiyarsu har sai sun kai shekara ɗaya. Balaga ta jima'i a cikin aladu na gemu yana faruwa yana da shekara 18.
Kayan gandun daji na daji (Boken alade) daga dangin dangin Kabanov - wani nau'in halitta mai cike da tsibiri na Borneo, Malaysia, yana da ciyayi mai tsayi da tsayi a fuska.
Mutanen da suka manyanta da tsayin jiki na 100 zuwa 165 cm (tsayi a ƙ theƙasasshen 75-80 cm) sun kai kilogram 150. Mata sun yi karanci fiye da maza. Jikin babban naman alade yana da yawan gaske, launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa a launi, ƙafarta suna da tsayi da bakin ciki, kuma haƙarƙarin da ke gefen wutsiya an bifurcated.
Shugaban yana da tsawo, tare da manyan kunnuwa da kananan idanu masu da hankali. Dogayen lamuran haske suna rufe murfinsu daga facin kusan zuwa kunnuwa.
Waɗannan dabbobi masu ba da fatawa ne waɗanda suka fi son wuraren da mutum ba ya taɓa shi ba da wayewar kai. Gidan su shine gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da tsirrai. Pigsaƙasassun aladu suna shuɗewa ne, suna kama da kayan tsabtace gidaje-masu-kare a cikin neman abinci tun safe har zuwa faɗuwar rana, ya bar tarin tuddai da aka haƙa ko'ina.
Suna ciyar da asalinsu da koren ganye na 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, namomin kaza. Musamman son 'ya'yan itatuwa, gandun daji, ƙwaya, har da kwari, tsutsotsi, ɓarke da ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyin. Ba sa ƙin ɗaukar kaya - Bornean hogs daidai suna amfani da matattu Proboskis. Ni da kaina na hango a cikin kurmin kasusuwa na Kachau, an goge shi don ɗan kayan ado, a ranar haguwar wanda ya mutu a cikin yaƙin.
Gemu aladu irin shekara. Mace bayan watanni 4 na ciki na haihuwar daga 2aya 2 zuwa 8, yawanci jarirai 2-4 ne. Ga zuriyarta da ke gaba, ta kan gina daga tsintsiya kuma ta sanya rashen ta "gida" na musamman kusan tsawon mita 2 da tsayin mita 1. Piglets suna zaune a nan na makonni biyu na farko, sannan a hankali suna motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri tare tare da mahaifiyarsu da sauran rukunin. A lokacin da ya kai watanni uku, sun fara motsawa daga shayarwa zuwa “makiyaya”. Bayan sun kai shekara ɗaya, sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta, kuma daga watanni 18 suna shirye don haihuwa.
A cikin Bako National Park (Borneo), aladu suna da nutsuwa sosai ga mutane, kuma wani saurayi mai koran daji ya ma yi abota da ni, yana riƙe kamfani a kowane maraice yana yawo a bakin layin bakin teku kamar bakin karnuka. Ya kwantar da hankalin shi ya dauki hoto, ciki har da kan waya.
Koyaya, son zuciya na gemu aladu yana da yaudara - manyan mutane sukan shiga fada da yankin da mace, kuma mace na iya kaiwa hari ga wanda ke kusa da ƙananan aladu. A duk wadannan halaye, jin kararraki daga bakin daji ko tsawa mara nauyi, ya fi kyau a buya daga wurin da wuri-wuri. Na taɓa fadawa cikin mutane uku a lokaci guda - sauran dabbobin da ke kusa suka warwatse da sauri cikin kowane wuri daga wurin ɓarna)
Akwai nau'ikan aladu na gemu a cikin gidan boar daji: ɗan gemun Bornean (Sus barbatus barbatus) yana zaune ne kawai a tsibirin Borneo, Curly Bearded (Sus barbatus oi) yana zaune a Sumatra kuma Malavian Peninsula da Palawan Bearded (Sus ahoenobarbus) suka zauna a Philippines. Balabak da Tsibirin Kalamian.
(c) Rubutun da dukkan hotunan nawa ne. Doka ta kiyaye shi ta dokar haƙƙin mallaka.
- Class: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 = Dabbobi masu shayarwa
- Infraclass: Eutheria, Placentalia Gill, 1872 = Placental, Gidaje mafi girma
- Umarni: Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 = Artiodactyls
- Orderasashen Yankin: Nonruminantia Jaeckel, 1911 = Non-Ruminant, Allurar
- Iyali: Suidae Grey, 1821 = Aladu, Alade
Alade na gemu (Sus barbatus) daidai yake da boar daji, ko ƙaramin ƙarami (tsayin jiki 100-160 cm, nauyi kusan kilo 100), amma ya fi tsayi. Sunan ta don hasken wutar lantarki mai saurin lalacewa, yana yin amfani da kisa daga kusurwar bakin kusan zuwa kunnuwa. An rufe jikin ta da gangar jikinsa ta yadda launin toka ko launin toka-mai haske yake haskakawa.
A kan fuska tsakanin idanu da mayaƙa, da kuma tsakanin idanu, akwai warts, musamman maɗaukaki cikin maza. Tana da rassa guda 6 waɗanda aka rarraba a ƙasashen Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Palawan da wasu ƙananan tsibiri a Indonesia.
Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da tsirrai, inda take ciyar da 'ya'yan itaciyar daji, tushen sa, seedlingsan itacen tsam na bishiyar dabino, kwari, tsutsotsi da sauran dabbobin da ba su da kyau. Sau da yawa yakan kawo munanan hare-hare a kan filayen wasa da rogo. Yawancin lokaci suna zama a cikin dangi, kuma garken aladu na gemu suna son su kasance tare da garken gibbons da macaques, suna ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen da birai suka ɗora daga bishiyun.
A yawancin wuraren da suke zaune, amma a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin na Kalimantan, bisa ga bayanin Pierre Pfeffer, ƙaura yawan jama'a suna faruwa a watan Agusta - Satumba. Dubunnan aladu suna shiga cikin irin wannan yawo, wanda cikin rukunin dabbobi 20-30 suna ci gaba zuwa kudu, kusan ba tare da ciyar da hanya ba, suna ƙetara da kogunan tuddai da manyan koguna a kan hanyarsu. Mazauna karkara (akarkuna) suna da masaniyar hanyoyin ƙaura na aladu, kuma idan sun shiga kogunan, yanke hanyar su akan abubuwan kuma suna buga su da mashi.
Aladu da aka watsar da kogin ya tattara mazaunan ƙauyen duka. A wasu shekaru, mazauna karkara musamman manya ne, kuma Dayaks suna samar da aladu masu yawa waɗanda kogunan ke cika jikinsu. A cikin 1954
Aladu masu gemu suna shayarwa duk shekara, suna kawo 2-8 aladu (galibi 2-4 aladu).
Ga jarirai, mace ta gina gida daga rassa, ganye da dabino. A cikin irin wannan mazaunin, tare da tsayinsa har zuwa 1 m da 2 m ko'ina, piglets suna zaune na kimanin makonni biyu. An rabu da mahaifiyar a lokacin kimanin shekara guda. Babban abokan gaban alade sune damisa da mayuka da sauransu.
Dabbobi masu kusancin kusan alade na gemu -Javanese alade (Sus verrucosus) , wanda ke zaune a tsibiran Java, Sulawesi da Philippines, yana haɗuwa tare da karatu da yawa cikin jinsuna ɗaya. Yana da kyau canji (an bayyana rabe-raben 11) kuma ana ɗaukar shi a cikin ɓoye guda uku a kan fuska (a gaban idanun, a gaban idanu da kuma a cikin fashin ƙasan ƙananan baya). Yana daidaitawa sau da yawa a cikin kwari kogi na kwari, fadama da manyan savannahs ciyawa. http://www.posidelkino.ru/pigsty/wild/verrucosus.htm Alade mai gemu yana zaune a tsibirin Kalimantan.Wannan shine wurin zama (wani suna na wannan ɓangaren ƙasar shine Borneo) na waɗannan dabbobi a cikin yanayin. Ana samun aladu iri ɗaya da gemu a tsibirin Malesiya da Indonesia, amma suna cikin wasu nau'in. Theasar haihuwar ɗan gemu shine tsibiri mafi girma na tarin tsibiri na Malay, saboda haka suna da ɗakuna da yawa don rayuwa. Babban fasali na alakar Bornean shine sutturar farin gashi, mai kauri a fuskokinsu.
Gemu mai kyau
Wani irin gemu mai “launin toka” yana qawata fuskarsu, wanda aka sanya wa dabbar daga tsibirin. Amma idan muka kwatanta bayyanar ire-iren ire-iren ire-ire da ire-iren wadannan aladu, to kuwa alade gemun Borneian na "sashen wasanni". Tana da siririn jiki, jikinta, kafafu masu kauri, matsattsu kai. Fushin dabbar yana shimfiɗa gaba, kunnuwa suna da girma da faɗi.
Bornean alade bashi da karamin karamin siliki a cikin karkace. Dogon madaidaiciyar wutsiyarsa an kambi shi a ƙarshen wata tassel mai ruɓi. Fatar dabbar, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, an “yi mata kyau” ne da nau'i-nau'i biyu na manyan warts. Yawancin lokaci ana ɓoye su gaba ɗaya cikin haske mai haske a fuskar, sanannen gemu.
Ragowar jikin alade, kamar bambanci, an rufe shi da gajeren gashi mai duhu. Yana da wuya, saboda haka fatar ta haskaka ta. Manyan aladu na Bornean na iya awo har zuwa kilogiram 150, isa zuwa 1.5 m, kuma tsayinsu a ƙasan yakai ya kai 70-80 cm.
Rayuwa a cikin hasken rana
Bornean gemu alade - garken garke. Suna yin gungun dangi wanda yakai talatin. Yayin rana, aladun kumatu suna yawo a dazuzzuka da kuma ciyayin katako don neman abinci.
Yanayi mai ɗumi yana ba su damar haifan shekara. Ciki a cikin alade mai gemu yana da tsawon watanni 4. A cikin zuriya ɗaya, akwai yara 2 zuwa 8 (matsakaici na 4).
Jin yadda tsarin haihuwa ya kasance, mace tayi gini daga rassa kuma ta bar wani matattakalar tazarar tazarar kusan 2 a tsayi kuma 1 m in fadi. A wurin, cubasan suna ciyar da makonni 2 na rayuwa, a hankali suna san duniya.
Sai suka fara yawon tare da kowa. Uwa tana ciyar da su madara har tsawon watanni 3, a hankali tana mayar da su makiyaya. Ana kula da dabbobin matasa har shekara guda, bayan wannan ana ganin su manya ne.
Kuma bayan watanni 6 sun kai ga balaga. Baya ga mutumin da ya farauto su, cutar da ke lalata aladu an kawo ta ta hanyar baranda, bera da bera da ba su da hayaƙi.
Abincin tsibiri
Bornean mai gemu alade yana zaune a cikin ɓarnar lokacin zafi. Kuma kodayake tana da iko, kamar dukkan aladu, abincin da ta saba shine:
- 'ya'yan itacen marmari
- harbe na Sago dabino,
- asalinsu
- kwari larvae da kwari kansu,
- jirgin.
Idan aladu gemu suna yawo a kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, to, suna kai hari a gonar rogo ko yadi. Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar ƙwararrun mahalli na gida, waɗanda suke rama ta hanyar farautar dabbobi don cin naman su. Idan kun yi sa'a, garken aladu na iya zama a bayan garken birai.
Wadancan basu da cikakkiyar daidaituwa a abinci kuma bayansu yawancin 'ya'yan itace sun rage a kasa. Wannan scum yana da farin ciki kuma ku ci aladu.
Amma idan kaka ta zo, dabbobin suna bin hanyoyin da ke cike da ruwa suna tafiya kudu. A lokacin ƙaura, galibi suna motsawa cikin dare kuma suna cin abinci ƙasa da yadda suka saba.
Tafiya mai nisa
A ƙarshen lokacin rani, ƙungiyoyin dangin aladu suna taruwa a babban garken, suna haɗa ɗaruruwan ɗari ko ma dubunnan shugabannin. Dukkanin mutanen, a kan hanyar da kakaninsu ke bin karnoni aru aru, suna ta gudu zuwa kudu. A nan za su sami abinci da wurin haifuwa.
Dabbobi suna motsawa kusan ci gaba, suna haye ƙasa da koguna. Ba kowa bane ke bin wannan hanyar. Wani ya mutu da gajiya, wani kuma a hannun mutum.
Kan ƙasar Dayak ba sa ɓatar da irin wannan damar don yin amfani da nama. Mafarauta suna jiran dabbobi a ruwa, inda basa da wayau da yanka.
Zuwa yanzu, wannan hanyar farauta ba ta cutar da jama'a sosai ba, amma a wasu wuraren tsibirin, ɗan alade na Borneian ya zama ƙasa da aka saba. Masana kimiyya sun riga sun mai da hankali ga wannan. Wataƙila za su iya samun daidaito tsakanin hanyar rayuwar dabbobi da na mutane.
Rubuta a cikin jawaban da alade ne mafi kyau: tare da ko ba tare da gemu ba.
Kayan alade (lat. Sus barbatus) - shine nau'in nau'ikan sunan Boar, dangin Pig, yanki mai zurfin Neo, tsarin Artiodactyl, aji na Dabbobi, nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, irin su Chordates, masarautar Dabbobi - A cikin menene! :) A cikin kafofin daban-daban, nau'in naman alade ya kasu kashi biyu ko uku. Wannan alade mai gemu ne (Sus barbatus oi), wanda ke zaune a tsibirin Malacca da tsibirin Sumatra, ɗan Bornean mai gemu (Sus barbatus barbatus) da ɗan beran Palawan, waɗanda ke rayuwa, suna yin hukunci da sunan, a tsibirin Borneo da Palawan, har ma da Java , Kalimantan da ƙananan tsibiran tsibiran Indonesiya a kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Aladu masu gemu suna zaune gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da kifayen kabilu. Wani fasalin rayuwar rayuwar wannan nau'in shine halin ƙaura, lokacin da dubban mutane suke yin balaguro mai tsawo daruruwan kilomita don neman abinci. Yawancin lokaci suna tafiya tare da hanyoyi guda ɗaya da aka doke.
Babbar aladu dabbobi ne masu ombivorous kuma suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, Tushen, ƙananan harbe na dabino na sago, har da kwari, tsutsotsi, ƙananan invertebrates, carion.
Kasancewa dabbobi rana, aladu na gemu suna canzawa zuwa rayuwar da ba ta dace ba yayin ƙaura, cin nasara nesa ba kusa da shingen ruwa ba tare da ciyarwa ba. Yawancin lokaci garkunan aladu suna mamaye filayen yewaye da cassava, suna haifar da lalacewar gonakin kiwo, ko bin gibbons da macaques, suna ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen da suka jefa.
A waje, aladu mai gemu sun fi laushi, siriri da dogon kafa idan aka kwatanta da dangi na yau da kullun. Zasu iya kaiwa 100-160 cm tsayi, tsayi a ƙasan 70-85 cm kuma nauyi ya kai kilogiram 150. Bishiyoyi masu gemu sun sami sunansu ne saboda kasancewar hasken wutar gashi wanda yake rufe kunshin daga kusurwar bakin zuwa kusan kunnuwa, yayin da babban launi na alade shine launin toka ko duhu mai duhu. Shugaban yana da elongated, idanu suna kanana, kunnuwa manya ne. A kan fuska akwai nau'i biyu na warts, musamman waɗanda aka haɓaka cikin maza, ɗayan wanda aka ɓoye a gemu. Bugu da kari, an bambanta aladu da gemu ta kasancewar wani sayayyen goge a bakin wutsiya.
Bishiyoyi masu gemu suna zama kamar shekara, kamar yadda yanayin yanayi ke bayar da gudummawa ga wannan. Mutane suna yin balaga bayan sun kai watanni 18. Ciki a cikin alade na gemu na mace tsawon watanni hudu, bayan haka ya kawo daga 2 zuwa 8 piglets (matsakaita na 2-4).
Aladu masu gemu suna gina wani gida na musamman (da gaske yayi kama da shinge) don zuriyarsu nan gaba. Don gini, ana amfani da rassa, ganye da dabino. Tsawon wannan tsari ya kai 1 m da diamita na kusan 2 m, wanda ke ba da izinin farko don kare jarirai.
Aladu sukan yi sati na farko na 2-3 a rayuwarsu a cikin irin wannan gida, kasancewa ƙarƙashin kulawar uwa mai kulawa. Lokacin da yake wata uku, aladu sukan kasance daga ciyar da madarar uwa zuwa “makiyaya”, amma ana kiyaye su ana kuma kulawa har sai sun kai shekara ɗaya.
A wasu yankuna, ana amfani da naman naman alade azaman abinci. Yawan jama'ar karkara suna farautar aladu, suna kare amfanin gonarsu da lokacin da suke yin ƙaura na shekara-shekara. A kan hanya, alade gemu an yi kwanto ko ana samarwa a yayin ƙetara kogin. Na dogon lokaci, naman da aka fitar ya isa duka garin.
Palawan gemu alade - bayanin, tsari, halaye.
Jikin Palawan da ke gemu mai kazanta yana da kama da yawa, wata gabar jiki dogaye ce da bakin ciki. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kasance ne daga 1 zuwa 1.6 m, tsayinsa a ƙ isƙasassun ya kusan 1 m, kuma nauyi na iya kaiwa kilogiram 150. Mata sun yi karanci fiye da maza.
An bambanta duk aladu na gemu ta hanyar siffar kwanyar mara nauyi, amma idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan aladu na gemu, guntun tsintsiyar gashin kan Palawan ya fi guntu. Manya fararen gashi suka girma a kan cheeks da wulakanci, suna lullube da kuncin dabba kamar zobe. Fatar gashi wanda yake rufe goshi, yankin dake kewaye da idanu da kuma kewaye, hade da farin gemu yana ba da ra'ayi cewa fuskar alade ta rufe shi da abin rufe fuska.
An rufe jikin alade na gemu da bakin gashi na launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa-baki ko kusan baƙi. Rarrabe, na bakin ciki da na sikari sun fashe ta hanyar gyaran gashi. A cikin manya, tun daga saman kai har zuwa kicin ya shude wani farin mane, wanda aka kafa ta bakin ciki, dogo, gashi mai haske.
A fuskar alade ƙananan ne, amma warts masu ganuwa, waɗanda, da alama, suna kare fuskar namiji yayin yaƙin da abokin gaba.
Alaramma da ba su kai ga balaga ba su da gemu da farin mayafi irin waɗannan aladu. Ga samari matasa, launuka 3 na jan gashi da ya fara daga wuyan wuyan hancin ya kasance sifofi ne. Haka kuma, ƙaramin yanki shine mafi faɗaɗa, yana rufe duka ƙananan ɓangarorin ɓangarorin ɓangaren ɗin alade.
Palawan gemu aladu salon.
Aladuran gemu na Palawan suna jagorantar rayuwa mai ɓoyewa kuma sun fi son wuraren da mutum ba su taɓa taɓawa da wayewa ba: shimfidar wurare masu ƙarancin ƙasa, gandun daji masu zafi a kan tsaunin tsaunuka, hawan zuwa mita dubu 1.5 sama da matakin teku. Wani lokacin mazaunin wannan alade ya zama tsirrai na bakin teku da gandun daji na dutsen. A cikin neman abinci, a wasu lokutan dabbobi kan je filayen da ake kiwo tare da wuraren kiwo.
A cewar mazauna garin, aladun gashin Palawan yawanci suna aiki ne bayan faduwar rana ko sanyin safiya. A wuraren da ake farautar waɗannan aladu sun fi yaduwa, dabbobi ba dare ba rana.
Ba a fahimta da abincin da ke cikin gashin gwanayen Palawan, amma a cewar masana kimiyya, waɗannan aladu suna da iko: suna ciyar da tushen da tsirrai masu yawa, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, namomin kaza, tsutsotsi da sauran hanyoyin karkara. Sau da yawa ku ci ƙananan ƙananan katako, kada ku ƙi ƙin yarda. Abubuwan da suka fi son abinci na ɗan alade shine don 'ya'yan itaciyar mai amfani da keɓaɓɓen beech (ciyayi da ƙwayaye) da bishiyun tsirrai.
Alade Kyauta (Sus barbatus ) an jera shi cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN a cikin matsayin "jinsunan masu rauni"
Wuraren rarrabawa da abinci mai gina jiki
Inda aka samo alade mai gemu, yawancin lokaci yana da zafi. Misali, a tsibirin Palawan, wanda shine yanki na Philippines, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki koyaushe a +26. Dabbobin sun kuma zabi tsibiran Borneo da Sumatra, inda rana ba ta wata hanya a takaice, kamar yadda take a kan Tsibirin Malay - wani wurin zama na alade na gemu.
Suna zaune a can, saboda a rayuwa suna buƙatar mangroves da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi - a cikinsu zasu sami abinci. Babban abincin da yake ci shine: Tushen,
- ripened da auku 'ya'yan itãcen marmari
- seedlings na sago dabino,
- tsutsotsi
- kwari
- jirgin.
Wani lokaci yakan faru cewa garken alade mai gemu yakan tafi nesa daga gungun birai yana karbar abincin da suka zubar a ƙasa.
Matsayin tsaro
A cikin shekarun 90s na karni na 20, an hana lalata masana'antu a tsibirin Palawan. Yawancin kwararar bakin haure daga wasu sassan Philippines kuma, a sakamakon haka, karuwar yawan jama’ar yankin, da kuma karancin kudaden shiga, suna tilasta mutane shiga harkar noma, da fadada filayen noma ta hanyar gandun daji. Baya ga noma da kamun kifi, mazauna karkara suna da himma wajen farautar tsintsayen aladun Palawan tare da taimakon tarko, makamai masu santsi, da abubuwan fashewa. Farauta don aladu na daji, kazalika da mamayewar garken dabbobi da ke da alaƙa da dabbobin dabbobi babu makawa ya haifar da koma baya a cikin adadin ɗimbin aladun Palawan.
Da kyau, a ƙarshe, muna sake ziyartar aladu waɗanda ba a sani ba. Bari in tunatar da ku cewa kafin wannan mun riga munyi rubutu game, wanda bred da kiwo. Amma a wannan karon, mutumin ba shi da laifi. Gemu wata dabba ce da yanayi ke bawa kanta.
Ba su yi kama da aladu mai kitse na Rashanci ba, sai dai wataƙila dinari, da girma. Pigsaƙasassun aladu suna da jiki da yawa kuma siriri, ƙafafunsu sun fi tsayi kuma an gina su, wutsiyar ba ta yi birgima cikin ƙawance kuma an yi mata ado a ƙarshen tare da tassel mai ƙamshi.
Kafaffen kafafu
Amma, duk da "surar jikin su", suna da nauyi - manya sun kai kilo 150. Kuma wannan yana tare da tsawon santimita na 100 zuwa 165 santimita da tsayi a ƙasan kusan santimita 75-80.
Prideaukaka da tabbataccen alamar wannan dabbar ita ce ciyayi mai ɗaci da tsayi a fuska - wani irin gemu ne na “launin toka”. Dalilin da yasa ake buƙata shi bai bayyana ba. Wataƙila don rufe manyan warts, biyu waɗanda ke a ƙarƙashin gemu. Ba kamar ɓarna ba, an rufe dukkan jikin motsin da keɓaɓɓiyar murfin launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, daga inda ruwan hoda ko launin toka ya haskaka.
Gashi gemu
Hakkin su ya fi na aladu mu yawa. Idanun suna kanana kuma kunnuwa suna da tsawo. Mara kyau a cikin kalma :).
Cigaba da karaya
A cikin halittar boars, ana bambanta nau'ikan aladu guda 3 na gemu. Sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin bayyanar ba, har ma da mazauninsu. Saboda haka, ɗan Bornean alade (Sus barbatus barbatus ), kuna yanke hukunci da sunan, yaci gaba da rayuwa. Borneo, mai tsananin beard alade (Sus barbatus oi ) - a kan Sumatra da ruwan larabawa na Malawia, da Palawan gemu mai gemu (Sus ahoenobarbus ) - game da. Palawan da sauran tsibiran Philippine da ke kusa.
Tunda gidansu na asali shine gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da tsirrai, abincinsu ya dace: 'Ya'yan itaciya, ƙwaya, Tushen, kwari, tsutsotsi da sauran abubuwan rashin nasara. Wasu lokuta suna zuwa filayen yams da cassava.
Waɗannan dabbobi marasa aibu waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin rukuni na mutane 20-30. Yawancin shekara, suna tafiya sannu a hankali a cikin garken shanu na ma'abuta da gibbons, waɗanda ke barin 'ya'yan itace da yawa daga bishiyoyi, waɗanda aladu ba za su yi kasa a gwiwa ba. Amma a ƙarshen bazara, sun fara ƙaura, kuma suna kan tafiya mai nisa.
A wannan lokacin, ana haɗuwa da aladu na gemu zuwa manyan garken dabbobi, dubun dubatar shugabanninsu. Kuma wannan rafin mai rai yana motsa kusan kullun zuwa kudu, yana shawo kan duk wani cikas a cikin kogunan kogunan ruwa. Yayin hijirar, ba sa cin abinci kaɗan, idan kawai za su iya samun abinci yayin ɗan gajeren hutu.
Lokacin ƙaura daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin shine ɗayan lokutan ƙaunatattu tsakanin mazauna karkara - Dayaks. Sun riga sun san duk hanyoyi don aladu na Guinea, kuma sau ɗaya a shekara sukan kawo gida mai wadata mai yawa. Irin wannan farauta ba ta haifar da mummunar illa ga jama'ar wannan dabbar ba, saboda haka, har sai an yi musu barazanar rugujewa. Har sai.
Game da kiwo, mace a lokaci guda tana zuwa daga bringsaya biyu zuwa takwas. Ciki yakan kai watanni 4. Ga zuriyarta da ke gaba, ta kan gina daga tsintsiya kuma ta sanya rashen ta "gida" na musamman kusan tsawon mita 2 da tsayin mita 1. Aladu sukan zauna a ciki don makonni biyu na farko. Bayan haka, tare da mama da sauran rukuni, a hankali suna motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri. Tun da shekara 1 suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta, kuma daga watanni 18 suna shirye don haihuwa.
Alade mai Alade na Pigs