Bayyanar mutum da hali. Matsakaicin matsakaici, game da girman ash dutse, wutsiya tayi guntu. Weight 80-150 g, tsawon tsayin 23-29 cm Babban launi launin baƙi ne ko duhu. Hanya ta ban mamaki shine ɗaukar wutsiya zuwa sama.

Bayanin. Tsarin maza yana kusan baki ɗaya, da baki mai haske da rawaya mai launin shuɗi ta kewaye ido. Mata suna da launuka masu launi - launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, mai walƙiya a ƙasa, musamman akan makogwaro da goiter, launi na baki, har da zoben da ke gefen ido, daga launin rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Babu wani nau'in iri daya. Bambancin launi na lokaci ba mai mahimmanci bane. A cikin hunturu na farko, maza suna da filawa tare da tintin launin toka, baki yana da duhu. Tsuntsayen matasa suna duhu (gami da shaye-shaye), mai kama da mace, da ɗan sakewa, tare da shanyewar hancin da ke saman saman jikinta da ƙwanƙwasawa a ƙasa.

Wata murya. Waƙar tana da daɗaɗawa da kyan gani, tana kunshe da bayyananniyar raɗaɗa mara tsayi, tana jin daɗin nishaɗi sosai, ƙaƙƙarfan magana, ba shi da wani tsawon lokaci. Ba kamar mawaƙa ba, birarƙar baƙar fata ba ta maimaita maimaita kalma ɗaya sau da yawa a jere. Ya bambanta da waƙar, sakin jiki, ɗan hutu ba a daidaita suke ba, jumloli da yawa suna haɗu tare, waƙar tana da ƙarfi, mafi iko, ƙaramin sauti, cikin ƙananan sautuna. Suna raira waƙoƙi da yawa, mafi yawan aiki - a wayewar gari, zaune a saman ko a rawanin itace. Mafi na kowa bege shi ne “chuck chuck. ". Larararrawa iri ɗaya ne "chuck chuck", Lambobi daban-daban, da sauransu.

Rarraba. Aka rarraba shi a mafi yawan Turai, har ma da wani yanki mai yawa na Asiya daga Bahar Rum zuwa gabashin China. Yankin kiwo ya mamaye yawancin Rashawan Turai, ban da arewacin yankin daji da kuma yankin kudu maso gabas. A can nesa da kudu na yankinmu, an yanke shinge. Yawancinsu ƙaura ne; wuraren yankuna a Kudancin Turai, Transcaucasia, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Rayuwa. Yankunan da ke cike da tsalle-tsalle na nau'in Turai sune yawancin halayyar wannan nau'in, har da cakuda da coniferous, tare da muguwar ƙasa, galibi kusa da kogin, rafi da sauran wurare masu rigar, gandun daji da ke juye da bishiyoyin cherry. A yammacin Turai ta Rasha ita ma nau'in synanthropic ce da ke zaune a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. A cikin tsakiya da gabashin yankin an samo shi (har yanzu?) A cikin "daji" kawai, yana zaune a wuraren da ba a zaune ba, kuma yana da hankali sosai. Wurin da gida yake dashi da kuma tsarinsa gabaɗaya, kamar yadda a cikin sauran ɓarnukan fari - a ƙasa ko yakai mita da dama a saman ƙasa, an gina shi da ciyawa, tare da laka da layin ciyawa. Sau da yawa fiye da sauran blackbirds, ana amfani da ganyayyaki na itace a cikin ado na waje na gida. A cikin kama 3-6, yawanci 4-5 qwai. A launi, suna da kyau sosai, yawancinsu sunyi kama da qwai mata na filayen aiki. Matar incubates na kwanaki 12-15, game da lokaci guda kajin ciyar a cikin gida.

Sau da yawa fiye da sauran farar blackbirds, mollusks suna nan a cikin abincin. Usuallyan than than uwansu a galibi ana karye su a wuraren da aka fi so, “ɓarna” (duwatsu, ragargaje gangar jikin), inda tarin ɓarin ɓoye suke tarawa. Suna cin abinci da yawa na duniya da kuma sauran bishiyoyi, har da berries, ta kaka tana basu fifiko.

Bayyanar da waƙa

Blackbird (Turdus merula) - Wannan wani babban katako ne mai tsayi har zuwa 26 cm tsayi kuma yana da nauyin 80-125 g. Maza suna zanen matte baki tare da baki mai ruwan hoda-zobe da zobe a idanu, matasa tsuntsayen mata da launin ruwan kasa a launi, tare da wutsiya mai duhu, makogwaron haske da ciki .

Blackbird babban mawaƙi ne. Yana son raira waƙar asuba da faɗuwar rana. Waƙarsa tana kama da kunna sarewa.

Habitat

Blackbird - Wannan daya ne daga cikin jinsunan tsuntsaye da yawa; yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa ko kuma halin rayuwa. A lokacin rani, blackbird sun gwammace su zauna cikin gandun daji, ko gauraye ko mara ƙoshi tare da kyakkyawan yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa mai laushi, kwari kogi, gami da lambuna da wuraren shakatawa da ke da yawa. Blackbird yana zaune a irin waɗannan wurare a Turai da yankin Turai na Rasha, kuma a cikin Caucasus yana zaune a cikin dutsen daji na tsaunuka. Gabaɗaya, ana rarraba wannan nau'in kusan ko'ina cikin Turai, ana iya samunsa har a cikin arewacin arewacin Scandinavia. Blackbird kuma yana zaune a arewacin Afirka a cikin tsaunin Atlas, a cikin Minan Asiya, Southwest India, kudu Australia da New Zealand. A baya, wannan nau'in ya rayu ne kawai a cikin gandun daji, duk da haka, kimanin shekaru 200 da suka wuce, tsuntsayen sun fara mamaye wuraren shakatawa na birni da lambuna, kuma a cikin shekaru 80 da suka gabata suna zaune birane a adadi masu yawa. A cikin biranen kudu na Turai, blackbird ya juya ya zama ainihin tsuntsu synanthropic kuma yana zama a cikin birane.

ABIN DA AKE BUKATA AKAN BOKO HARAM

Blackbird ba mai fara'a ba ne wajen zabar abinci sai ya same shi a kowane lokaci na shekara. Abinda ya fi so shi ne tsutsotsi, wanda ya ba da zaɓi ga tsutsotsi. A lokacin rani, abincin yana cike da kwari da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa, kuma a cikin hunturu,' ya'yan itace cikakke. Tsuntsu yana karbar ruwan da yakamata a abinci.

A lokacin zafi da fari, lokacin da tsutsotsi suka ɓoye cikin ƙasa, ɓarin ɓoyayyen na neman wani abincin da ke ɗauke da ruwa, alal misali, matafirai, kayan kwalliya na kore, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries. Blackbird yakan samo abinci a saman duniya. Sau da yawa zaka iya ganin tsuntsu yana tsalle-tsalle tare da ɗan gajeren ciyawar, wanda yake bincika tsutsotsi. Tsayawa yayi ya sunkuyar da kansa gefe daya, murkushewa ba zato ba tsammani yai gaba a hankali amma a hankali ya cire ganima daga ƙasa. Rusaƙƙarfan warƙoƙin suna jiran ganima, suna lura da aikin mai lambu.

LIFESTYLE

Blackbird yana daya daga cikin jinsunan tsuntsaye iri-iri. A da, thrushes suna zaune ne kawai a cikin gandun daji, galibi mara yawa ne, tare da tsananin aiki. Kimanin shekaru 200 da suka gabata, sun kuma koma wuraren shakatawa na birni da lambuna, kuma a cikin shekaru 80 da suka gabata, har ma an sami yawancin wurare masu yawa. A yau, ana samun blackbirds a cikin dukkanin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa da kuma hurumi. Kasancewar mutane baya dame su kwata-kwata. Blackbirds suna cin mafi yawan lokacinsu a ƙasa. Abin ban sha'awa ne ka lura da yadda tarko ke samun abincinsu: a lokaci guda kuma suna tsalle a ƙasa, suna ɗaga fikarsu, kuma tsayawa na ɗan lokaci don bincika ƙasa. Waƙoƙin murguɗa mara ƙarfi suna da yawa, tare da launuka da yawa. Ba kamar muryar wakar ba, a hankali yana nuna wasu waƙoƙi. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya jin blackbird da sassafe.

Yaduwa

A lokacin farauta, wacce a wasu lokuta kan fara a cikin watan Fabrairu, namiji mai baƙar fata yana kishin yankinsa. Maza manya yawanci suna cin dukiyoyinsu na baya kuma abokin zama tare da abokan tarayya na yau da kullun.

Blackbirds daga wasu mambobi na dangi sun bambanta da cewa suna shirya mazaunin a ƙasa ko a kan ƙananan kututture. Daga ciyawa, ganye da ƙasa, suna gina ciyawar da take da tebur. Bayan da aka gama ginin wannan gida, macen ta fara yin lalata da namiji - tana tsalle a gabanta tare da gemunsa da wutsiyarta. Namiji ya amsa mata da waƙoƙi, gashin fuka-fukan ya buɗe wutsiyarsa. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mating, mace ta sanya ƙwai 3-launin toka-kore mai launin toka da sanya musu ciki Ana haihuwar kaji a cikin kwanaki 12-14. Duk iyayen sun kula da kajin, wadanda ke kamawa da kawo musu kwari.

Cubs suna girma da sauri kuma a cikin makonni biyu barin gida. Tharusan matasa da suka faɗi daga gida suna tashi da kyau, a foran kwanakin farko da galibinsu ke hawa ƙasa. Tsuntsayen manya manya sukan yi musu gargaɗi game da haɗari. Blackbirds yawanci suna da kama biyu yayin bazara. Karnuka daga kamawa na farko sun fi dacewa su rayu.

LATSA KYAUTA

Don ganin blackbird baya buƙatar tafiya mai nisa - ana iya lura dashi koda a cikin gari. Aiki a hankali yana neman abinci, yana sauri da sauri ya fadi a ƙasa tare da wutsiyarsa a hankali kuma aka saukar da fikafikan sa - godiya ga wannan hali, ana iya rarrabe shi da roka. Bayan wannan, rook ɗin baki ɗaya ɗaya ya bambanta saboda yana tafiya cikin nutsuwa cikin ƙasa. Blackbirds suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kyau kawai a cikin gandun daji, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala a hadu dasu anan. Kuma a cikin dajin zaka iya jin wakar wannan tsuntsu. Tana tunatar da wakar baƙar fata, amma waƙar baƙar fata tana da hankali da sanyin hankali.

BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.

• Blackbirds zaune a cikin garuruwa wani lokacin gida har ma a cikin tukwane na fure, a kan cornices da baranda.
• Sanannen abu ne lokacin da wasu 'yan blackbirds suka daure guda hudu a cikin shekarar kuma suka girma kajin 17.
• Blackbird na mace yayi kama da ƙyallen ɗan littafin, wanda makogwaronsa da kirji suma an yi musu ado da aibobi. Wasu lokuta mayan karnukan beraye suna tare da sonan gban mata kuma suna haihuwar zuriya.
• Lokacin tashin jirgin sama na kudu, iska mai ƙarfi zata iya ɗaukar garken karnukan baƙi zuwa wancan gefen Tekun Atlantika.

HUKUNCIN HUKUNCIN CIKIN SAUKI BLACK. LITTAFINSA

Mace: yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, farar fata, farin ciki, ocher aibobi a kirji. A cikin mata mazan, belon ya zama mai launin toka.

Namiji: Tana da daskararren bakar fata, bakin baki da bakin iyaka.

- mazaunin Blackbird

INA BLACK THUUS yake zaune

A cikin Turai, blackbird yana zaune a ko'ina, in ban da na Arewa mai nisa, kazalika a Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka da Asiya. Zaune a Australia da New Zealand.

KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA

Blackbird ya daidaita da rayuwa ta kusa da mutum. Ya kasance mai yawan ziyartar wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.

Kiwo

Gida na tsuntsu mai kamannin kofin ana iya kasancewa a tsayinsa har zuwa 8 m, a kan wuta, pines, birches, lindens, amma kuma ana iya samun ƙasa kaɗan, a kan kututture har ma a ƙasa, a cikin tushen tsoffin manyan bishiyoyi. Tharfin birni wani lokacin yana yin nunin har ma a cikin tukwane na fure, akan baranda da kwandunan taga. A cikin ɓoye na blackbird daga ƙwai 4 zuwa 7, shiryawa yana yin kwanaki 12-14. Ana haihuwar kaji da tsiraici da makafi, gashin fuka-fukai suna girma a cikinsu sati biyu bayan haihuwa. Duk iyayen sun ciyar da su. Kajin na girma da sauri kuma cikin sati uku barin gida. Gaskiya ne, iyaye sun ci gaba da ciyar da su har zuwa na biyu. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a yankunan kudanci suna iya yin kama-sama har guda uku a shekara.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Blackbird - Tsuntsayen masarufi, ana ciyar dashi akan kwari iri iri, ciyawar ƙasa, tsaba da berries. Idan tsuntsu ya nemi abinci a ƙasa a cikin tsakiyar ɓaryar daji, ba a kula ba. A ƙasa, tarko suna neman abinci, motsi, bouncing kuma a lokaci guda suna kiyaye wutsiyarsu, wani lokacin su tsaya su duba ƙasa, su kwance shi kuma cikin hikima suke fitar da ƙasa. Sau da yawa, murkushewa yakan yanke hukunci game da matsayin su ta kunne. A wasu lokatai blackbird ta ciji akan frogs da lezards, suna cin caterpillars da nishaɗi. A lokacin kiwo, abincin dabbobi ya ci cikin abincin blackbird. A lokacin bazara, abincinsa ya cika tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban, kuma a cikin hunturu, berries cikakke. Tsuntsu yana karbar ruwan da yakamata a abinci. Amma yayin zafi da fari, lokacin da tsutsotsi suka ɓoye ƙasa mai zurfi, maƙarƙashiyar tana neman wani abincin da ke ɗauke da ruwa, alal misali, matafirai, kayan kwalliya na kore, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗumi har ma da tadpoles.