Ba a tarar da kwaroron bishiyoyi kamar dabbobi, ko da yake mazauna Kudancin Rasha da sauran, ƙasashe masu ɗumi suna da damar yin nazari a cikin yanayin. Kwayoyin bishiyoyi, sune kwalaben bishiyoyi, arboreals, ko kwaɗin bishiyoyi, sun bambanta da kwaroron gandun daji na Rasha a cikin ikonsu na hawa kan kowane saman, ko da gilashi! A cikin daji, suna zaune a cikin bishiyoyi, kuma da yawa jinsuna ba sa gangara zuwa ƙasa mai cike da hatsari da ƙaddara duk rayuwarsu.
Gabatar da itacen rana gidan
Kwayoyin kwaro na dangin (Hylidae) sun hada da nau'ikan kwaro 650 wadanda suke rayuwa kusan ko'ina sai watakila yankuna masu sanyi na duniyarmu.
Kamar yadda gidajen dabbobi na terrarium galibi galibi suna dauke da nau'ikan masu zuwa:
- Genus Bright-eyed bishiyar bishiyoyi (Agalychnis):
- Red fatar ido itace (Agalychnis callidryas)
- Farko na Tsoro na tsalle (Hyla): Blue Frog (Hyla cinerea)
- Slim itace mai narkewa (Hyla gratiosa)
- Tree rana tsaka (Hyla leucophyllata)
- Rogan itace mai canzawa (Hyla versicolor)
- Kwaro na bishiyar Asusus na Australia (Litoria):
- Green itacen rana (Litoria caerulea)
- Farin fari mai launin fari (Litoria infrafrenata)
- Genus Kwakshi West Indies (Caribbean) (Osteopilus):
- Cuban rana (Osteopilus septentrionalis)
- Rogan itacen katifar ɗan Caribbean (Osteopilus wideus)
- Uswayoyin usausan usa Genan Daban
- Tree rana (Phrynohyas resinifictrix)
- Toad rana kumfa (Phrynohyas venulosa)
- Harshen Phyllomedusa (Phyllomedusa):
- Phyllomedusa Orange-legged phyllomedusa (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis).
Wataƙila sanannen sananniyar rana itace tsintsiyar itace mai saurin ido. Wannan Ampbian mai haske kuma mai ban sha'awa ana gane shi mai kyau ko da waɗanda suke yawanci suna kallon frogs gaba ɗaya ba halittu masu jan hankali ba ne. Jiki-ja-goran bishiyoyi tare da yanayinsu na ban mamaki kuma musamman launuka mai ban mamaki - launin baya, yatsun lemo, bangarorin shuɗi da jan idanu suna farantawa kusan duk mutumin da ya gan su!
Phylomedus ruwan lemo mai launi iri-iri yayi kama da fatar itace mai saurin ido, amma ba shi da yawa a wuraren shakatawa na masoya amphibian.
Duk waɗannan nau'ikan, da kuma sauran nau'in tsararren Phyllomedusa da Frog itace, mai launin shuɗi, masu launi masu haske ne kawai a waɗancan wuraren da za'a iya ɓoye. Suna da aiki, kamar kowane kwaro na itace, da dare, don haka launinsu mai haske ba bayyane ga masu farautar ba. Amma da rana, idan kwaɗar itacen ta nuna da, alal misali, kafafu masu haske, wannan alama ce ta alama ga maharbin dafin guba. Amma a lokacin rana, tsutsotsi na itace yawanci suna bacci, kuma don bacci suna “haɗe” ga ganyen kuma su ninka hannayensu ta yadda bangarorinsu da yatsunsu basa gani, zaku iya lura da kore kore kawai, wanda ke hade da ganyayyaki a launi. Idanu masu haske suna rufe tsawon ƙarni kuma hakanan basu jawo hankalin maharmar ba.
Kwayoyin bishiyoyi sun bambanta sosai da girma. Mafi karami shine Hyla emrichi, tsawonsa shine kawai 1.7-1.8 cm, kuma Hyla dolichopsis ya kai tsawon cm 12!
Itace rayuwar rana
Yawancin kwaɗi na itace itace mazaunan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. A cikin Rasha, akwai jinsuna biyu kawai - frog itace gama gari (arborea) da tsintsiyar itace gabashin Far. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune a cikin gandun daji, kan bishiyoyi, bi da bi tsintsayen bishiyoyi masu ban mamaki suna hawa kuma suna da tsinke (“tsotsa”) faifai a yatsunsu wanda ke bawa kwandunan bishiya damar hawa kan tsayayyun tsaye, gami da gilashi. Akwai jiragen ruwa na lymphatic da yawa a cikin waɗannan fayafai, kuma glandon mucous suna kan farfajiya. Abin da aka makala zuwa saman tsaye shima yana faruwa tare da fata akan ciki da makogwaro.
Ya danganta da launi na muhalli, kwaroron itace, kamar hawainiya, na iya canza launin fata. M ana fentin su a cikin launuka daban-daban na kore, wanda ya basu damar kwaikwayon yanayin. Amma, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wasu kwayoyin bishiyoyi suna da launi mai haske sosai, alal misali, harlequin (Phrynohyas resinifictrix) (baƙar fata da fari) da kwaɗo mai tsinkaye (Hyla versicolor) (launin ruwan kasa tare da farin fari ko rawaya masu launin shuɗi) suma suna da ban sha'awa. .
Ba dukkan kwaroron itace ke da kariya daga magabatansu ba. Misali, bishiyar Tree Gesleri (Hyla giesleri) tana ɓoye kanta azaman lasisin. Roganyen tsirrai na bishiyar ƙasa (N. geographica) kamar yadda ake bushe ganye - ana matse shi zuwa ƙasa, yana rufe idanu da fatar jikinsa da launinsa suna sanya shi kama da ganye.
Bayanan muryar bishiyoyi na itace basa da ban sha'awa - ba kawai maza bane, har ma na mata croak, kodayake ƙarshen shine, ba shakka, yana da nasiha fiye da maza. Koyaya, ba duk tsinkar bishiyar itace ke croaking ba. Misali, rera wakokin bishiyar bishiyar Australiya kamar wani zazzabi, kuma tsintsiyar itace mai tsinkaye daga Arewacin Amurka yana ta yin kuwwa.
Kwaroron tsutsotsi na bishiyoyi ne, suna cin duk abubuwa masu rai waɗanda suka dace da bakinsu, shin dai malam buɗe ido, barawo, cricket, ko ma kaji ko ƙaramin ƙaramar hukuma. Zasu iya kama ganima da harshensu, kuma ana tura abinci mai girma cikin bakin tare da manyan hancinsu.
Ilimin halittar itace mai tsayi yana da bambanci sosai, alal misali zalin itacen zinare (Hyla aurea) baya hawa saman tsaye, kuma ya gwammace ya zauna a ruwa. Frofon na itacen Californian (Nyla californiae) da rogan itace tushen Sonor (Hyla eximia) suma sun fi son rayuwa a ruwa. Wasu kwaɗoran bishiyoyi sun fi son bude sarari zuwa gandun daji, alal misali, kwaro mai lu'u-lu'u (Hyla albomarginata), wanda ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka, banda abin mamaki ga sautin tsuntsayen-kamar muryar raira da launi mai ban sha'awa.
Dukkanin kwayayen bishiya sun fi ko kuma guba. Don haka, idan kwayan daskararren fata na kwalayen itacen Cuba ya shiga bakin ko idanuwa, hakan yana haifar da konewa. Kodayake, gabaɗaya, ga mutane, guba rana mai guba ba shi da haɗari, amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar wanke hannuwanku bayan magana tare da su. Af, itace frogs ba su damu da zama a hannun su ba.
Kwayoyin itace suna buƙatar ruwa don kiwo, kodayake adadinta ba koyaushe yana da mahimmanci ba - har ma suna iya tsunduma cikin ƙaramin ruwa. Kuma, alal misali, ƙwaƙwalwar itacen itace ta Brazil (Hyla resinifictrix) tana kwance mai narkewa tare da guduro. Ba a kira shi treean itacen banana (Nyla nebulosa) saboda haka yana son ci abinci a ayaba; yana sanya ƙwai a cikin ƙoshin banana. Rogan itacen mai gogewa (Flectonotus goeldii) yana ɗaukar caviar a bayan sa. Gswarin bishiyar Marsupial (genus Gastrotheca), kamar yadda sunan su ya nuna, suna da jaka a bayansu inda suke ɗaukar ƙwai kafin metamorphosis.
Kwayoyin itace suna rayuwa na dogon lokaci, har zuwa shekaru ashirin suna iya faranta wa ubangijinsu rai. Tabbas, tsawon rayuwa, dabbobi suna buƙatar samar da yanayi mai kyau.
Don jin daɗin rayuwa, kwaɗi na itace suna buƙatar farfaɗo na tsaye, mafi girman itacen tsutsa, mafi girman girman mazaunin.
Don kwartayen bishiyar Ostireliya, terrarium yakamata ya zama akalla lita 50, kuma ga ma'aurata, alal misali, bishiyoyin sa ido, aƙalla lita 30. Ya kamata a rufe terrarium tare da murfin raga.
Fiber na fiber ko tawul na takarda sun dace a matsayin madadin. Kuma itace yana da kyau a kiyaye shi a farfajiyar shimfiɗa tare da ƙasa daga cakuda ƙasa da tsirrai masu rai. A wannan yanayin, ana bada shawara don sanya Layer magudanar a ƙasan terrarium - 4-5 santimita, kuma a kanta Layer ƙasa 7-10 cm Dwarf monstera, ivy, cindapsusa, ƙananan nau'ikan aglaoneem, tradescantia, ƙananan ferns za a iya dasa daga tsire-tsire a cikin farfajiyar zuwa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi. da kuma philodendrons. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane kuma kai tsaye a cikin cakuda ƙasa - kwaɗin itace ba su fasa ko cin su.
A ƙasa, zaku iya sanya lokacin farin ciki na ƙanshin - sphagnum - frogs na itace suna farin cikin tono a ciki.
Ana sanya snags koyaushe a cikin baranda - frogs itace zasu hau kan su.
Yankin zazzabi mai gamsarwa don kwaɗar bishiya shine 23-28 ° C. Ana amfani da fitila mai ɗaukar hoto na 20-40 watts don dumama cikin gida. Fitila mai haske ta repti-Glo 2.0 ba zata zama mai kwalliya ba.
A kandami shine muhimmin sifa mai mahimmanci a cikin farfajiyar katako tare da bishiyoyin itace. Suna kwana da daddare kuma wani lokaci yayin rana. Zai dace don amfani da akwati na yumbu a matsayin tafki. Idan ya yi zurfi sosai, zaku iya sa karamin tsakuwa a ƙasa, kuma ku bar bushesan bushes na pisti ko wata shuka mai ruwa a kan ruwa. Ruwan da ke cikinsa ana canzawa kullun.
Dole ne a yayyafa wa yankin da tsire-tsire a ciki yau da kullun. Yakamata ya zube ƙasa kamar yadda ake buƙata domin ya kasance mai laushi ɗan lokaci.
Zai fi kyau a goge gilashin a kowace rana, kamar yadda kwaɗin bishiyoyin ke son hawa kan gilashin. A cikin farfajiyar, gilashin yakamata a goge shi kawai tare da raga mai tsabta ba tare da sabulu ba, in ba haka ba kwaroron bishiya na iya guba.
Itace ciyar da itacen itaciya
Wajibi ne a ciyar da tsintsayen bishiyar kowace rana, manya a kowace rana ko kuma kowace kwana biyu - Babban abu shine a tabbatar cewa tsintsayen bishiyar ba su cika yin kauri ba, kuma samarin ba su cika lalacewa ba - a bayyane, kwaroron bishiya a bayyane suke bayyane.
Crickets da manyan baranya sun dace kamar abinci don kwaro na itace. Kuna iya ciyarwa da hanzari, ko ma tare da yatsunsu - kwaroron bishiyoyi da sauri sun saba da hannayensu kuma suna karɓar abinci daga gare su. Kuna iya ciyarwa daga mai ciyarwa, amma idan kuka kiyaye kwaɗar bishiyar bishiyoyi da yawa, za su iya jayayya saboda jerin hanyoyin kusanta da shi kuma wani yana iya jin yunwa. Hakanan abin sha'awa ne kawai a jefa crickets masu rai a cikin farfajiyar gidan kuma kalli yadda tsintsayen bishiyoyi ke farauta - suna dab da ganima, kuma suna tsalle sosai. Da wuya su rasa.
Sau ɗaya a mako ana bada shawara don bayar da kwari da aka yayyafa da kayan miya da ke kayan miya ga dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Abun ciki
Za a iya kiyaye tsutsotsi na itace tare da sauran dabbobin, babban abu shine cewa suna da buƙatun abun ciki iri ɗaya, kuma girman ba ya basu damar cin abinci ko gurguwa juna. Kuna iya ɗaukar su tare da irin waɗannan dinosaurs kamar manyan maboui, farin fari-mai gauraye. Tunda tsutsotsi na bishiyoyi suna aiki da yawa da daddare, kuma anoles suna cikin rana, koyaushe yana da ban sha'awa don kallon farfajiyar terrarium.
Kulawar itacen tsintsiya ba ta da wahalar wahala musamman, tana da cikakke kamar ta farko da ake amfani da ita. Iyakar abin da ke damun mai jiran gado itace ita ce “kide kide”, wani lokacin kuma mazan sun shirya. Kwayoyin bishiyoyi suna “raira” yawancin aiki idan akwai maza da yawa a cikin farfajiyar.
03.05.2015
Frog na yau da kullun (lat. Hyla arborea) - kawai wakilin dangin frogs (lat. Hylidae), wanda ya zauna a Turai. Don al'adarsa ta zama akan bishiya, ana kiranta itace. Zuriyarsu ga tsarin Tailless Amphibians (Anura) kuma yana daya daga cikin abubuwanda suka zama ruwan dare akan kasashen Turai.
Yaɗa
Baya ga Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai, ta mamaye duk Asiya orarami. Ana iya ganinsa sau da yawa a ƙafafun Caucasus da kuma gabar Tekun Caspian. Don sasantawa, furen itacen yana zaɓar ƙananan wuraren da ba a samun shi cikin tsaunuka sama da 1500 m sama da matakin teku.
Ya mamaye gefan ciyawa tare da fadama, wuraren kiwo da gandun daji tare da wuraren da aka ci gaba da kyau. Da ake bukata wurin zaɓan wurin zama shine wurin ajiyar wurin zama.
Godiya ga kofuna waɗanda ke kan cinyar yatsunku, kwaɗar bishiya tana iya hawa dutsen sauƙin kan bango na itace ko gangar jikin itace har ma a saman gilashin. Ruwan shayarwar tsotsa ta cika da lymph, wanda yake sauƙaƙe busa lokacin saukarwa.
Kiwo
Kwayoyin itace suna fara kiwo a farkon Maris kuma sun ƙare a ƙarshen watan Yuni. Amphibians sun zaɓi ƙaramin rami na gefen hanya, rafuffuka ko rami cike da ruwa.
A wurin haifuwa, maza sun fara isowa. Suna da resonator mai daki guda, wanda ke cikin makogwaro a ƙarƙashin harshen kanta. Tare da taimakonsa, cavalier yana yin sauti wanda za'a iya ji daga nesa
kuma fiye da kilomita ɗaya. Zai zama mai ban dariya ta waƙoƙi, abokiyar zama aboki ta kusace shi. Wanda ya yi sa'a kuwa ya hau ta bayanta ya riƙe wanda ya zaɓa ta hanyar kafafunsa.
Ana ɗaukar kwanciyar hankali na Caviar da takin sa a cikin zafin jiki na kimanin kimanin 13 ° C. Don thermoregulation, maza za su iya shiga cikin ruwa ko ƙasa. Matar tayi sama da ƙwai 2000 a cikin kananan rabo. Abokin tarayya nan da nan ya fara takin kullun na caviar, kuma ya nitse zuwa ƙasan.
Mace nan da nan ta fita daga tafkin farko bayan ƙarshen ɓoyewa, kuma namiji ya kasance na ɗan wani lokaci don sha'awan zuriyar nan gaba. Bayan kwanaki 14 a zazzabi na ruwa kimanin 19 ° C, tadpoles ya bayyana tare da qwai da babban ƙoshin baya, wutsiya mai kaɗa ido da manyan idanu a kawunansu.
Da farko suna cin plankton. Don yin wannan, yaran sun dauki madaidaiciyar matsayi kuma, suna ɗibar ƙyallen su a saman ruwa, shan abinci. A cikin tsawon watanni biyu, tadpoles ɗin ya girma zuwa 5 cm kuma ya shiga cikin haɗari (metamorphosis).
Amparamin amphibians har zuwa 1.5 cm a girman suna tafiya zuwa bakin teku. Rogaƙƙarfan yarinyar har yanzu yana da ƙaramin wutsiya, wanda zai shuɗe. Maza sun zama balaga bayan shekara guda, kuma mace bayan shekara biyu.
Halayyar
Mafi yawansu lokacinsu, katako suna zaune ne a ƙasa. Sukan kwana a wani wurin da ba kowa, kuma suna cin kwari da ke wuce su. Da farkon faduwar rana, rana mai tsayi itace take farauta. Yakan yi daren dare a tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi ko a cikin ciyawa mai yawa, suna jiran ganima. Bayan zaɓar wanda aka azabtar, sannu a hankali ya matso kusa da ita, daga nan sai wata walƙiyar walƙiya ta biyo baya - kuma ganima tana cikin harshe mai saƙo.
Teethanan hakora na babban muƙamuƙi sun sami damar samar da abin dogara. Da kwaɗi ya kare, kwayar ta ci gaba da farauta. Don kama abin da ta ci, sai ta yi tsalle mai tsayi da bakin ta a buɗe.
Da rana, arbor ya huta, yana zaune a kan ganye ko zaɓi wuri mai dacewa a kan ciyawar ciyayi. Ya hade gaba daya tare da asalin bayanta. Launin launinta ba shi da daidaituwa kuma ya dogara da haske da zafi, kazalika da zafin jiki da tsarin launi na mahalli.
Canza launi na iya nuna yanayin tunanin 'yan matan amphibians. Rogan itacen yau da kullun na iya samun ciyawa-kore, lemun tsami-rawaya, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa har ma da launuka na Lilac.
Da isowar lokacin sanyi lokacin bazara, katako ya sauka a kasa. Ta fara neman mafaka ta hunturu kuma, burrowing a cikin zuriyar litter ɗin ko cikin daskararren dumin, tayi bacci. A watan Afrilu, maza sun fara farkawa, kuma bayan kwanaki 8 ne mata suka fara fitowa daga matsalar rashin haihuwa.
Bishiyar gaggawa itace
Yankin Brest - duka
Yankin Gomel - ban da arewa
Yankin Grodno - ban da gundumomin Oshmyany da Smorgon
Yankin Minsk - yamma da kudu
Gidan Iyalin Frogs (Hylidae).
A Belarus, an rarraba a kudu da kudu maso yamma. Iyakar iyakar ta wuce kimanin layin Oshmyany-Uzda-Slutsk-Svetlogorsk-Gomel. Zuwa arewacin wannan iyakar, ba a sami itacen tsintsiya ta itace ba. Minwararrun ƙwararrun ƙungiyar Hyla arborea arborea suna zaune ne a Belarus.
Ofaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙan asali kuma asalin asali na amphibians na jamhuriyar. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 3.5-4.5 cm, nauyin yana da nauyin 3.8-8,2 g. Jikin yayi kauri, gabobi sunyi bakin ciki da tsawo, tukwicin yatsu suna fadada zuwa fayafai wanda ke ba da hawa zuwa saman tsaye. Abubuwan diski suna taimakawa tsaya ga ganye, rassan, akwati da sauran shimfidar wurare (har ma gilashin) saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da wadatar wurare masu kumburi da jijiyoyin mucous. Pupalibin baƙaƙen fata ne, yana a kwance a sama. Baffa ya zagaye, karami da ido. Fatar kan ta baya tayi kyau, kuma akan sashin jikin ta yayi kadan. Namiji yana da jakar murya a karkashin fatarsa cikin makogwaronsa. Maza sun fi girma sama da mace.
A baya haske ne mai haske, ciki mai launin shuɗi-fari. An raba ɓangare na sama daga ƙasa ta wani ɓangaren bakin ciki mai zurfi, mai buɗe baki mai buɗewa wanda ke samar da madauki a cikin yankin makwancin gwaiwa. A saman tsiri mai duhu yana da farin iyaka. Launin launuka na iya bambanta (ga koren duhu, launin shuɗi, baki gabaɗaya ko ma launin toka tare da ƙarfe mai laushi) dangane da yawan zafin jiki da yanayin yanayin. Tare da rage yawan zafin jiki da hauhawar zafi, dabbobi sun yi duhu. Koyaya, a cikin cikakkiyar yanayin yanayin yanayin, ana iya samun kwalayen itacen bishiyoyi daban-daban.
Larvae suna da zaitun-yellowish a saman, tare da ƙarfe mai narkewa akan ciki. Caudal fin wide, nuna a karshen, dorsal crest kusan a matakin ido. A lebe na sama na faifai na baki 2 layuka na denticles, a kan ƙananan - 3.
Yawancin wuraren zama na bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a Belarus sune wurare masu fadi da ke hade da gandun daji, dazuzzuka, da wasu ciyayi. Hakanan ana samun su a cikin ƙauyuka - a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna. Rarraba tsutsotsi na itace yana da alaƙa tare da gandun daji masu tsalle-tsalle, suna girma musamman a kudancin Belarus.Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun kwalayen bishiyoyi a cikin kwari na Pripyat, da kuma a cikin yankin ambaliyar ruwa na Neman. Mafi yawan lokuta suna zaune a cikin itacen oak na kusa-kwari, gandun daji kogin, a cikin ciyayin da ke cikin ciyawa tare da shukoki, tare da bankunan sake amfani da kwari. Yawan adadin ƙasa akan iya kai mutum 40-125 / ha.
Abu ne mai sauƙin ganin kwaro na itace a lokacin bazara (Afrilu-Mayu) a cikin lokacin kiwo, lokacin da aka mai da hankali ga tafkunan kiwo. A lokacin rani, suna kashe mafi yawan lokaci akan bishiyoyi, bushes, ko tsirrai masu tsayi (yawanci akan chythorn), kuma yana da matukar wahala ka lura dasu dangane da launin fata na jikin mutum. Wannan shine ainihin dalilin kuskuren fahimta game da rashin jinsi na nau'in Belarus.
A cikin bayanan share filin shakatawa na Pripyat a cikin bazara (Yuni-Yuli), mutane 1-2 kawai 1 kilomita na hanyar ana samun su. A cikin bazara, yayin haifuwa, ƙarancin itacen tsutsa a cikin waɗannan wurare yana ƙaruwa sau 10. A farkon watan Agusta, a bakin rafin ramuwar rami a cikin rijiyar Pripyat a cikin yankin Stolin, daga mutane 7 zuwa 28 a kowace kwaro 1 kilomita na hanyar an yi rikodin su (80% na shekara).
Wannan nau'in ya fi tsayayya wa bushewa fiye da sauran amphibians. A cikin yanayin bushewa, ƙwayar rana ba tare da wata lahani ba ta rasa kusan kashi 30% na ƙwayoyinta da sauri tare da dawo da ita lokacin da take cikin ruwa ko kan ƙasa mai laima.
Kwayoyin bishiyoyi suna farawa da tsananin farautarsu a yamma. Kafin hakan, sukan “yi wanka” a cikin raɓa ko kandami domin sabunta ɗumbin danshi ta hanyar fata, wanda aka ɓata lokaci mai yawa yayin rana, musamman ma lokacin bushewar. Farfaɗar danshi yana da sauri. Frogin Tree ba wai kawai ya hau bishiyoyi sosai ba, har ma yana yin tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi, wanda yake da tasiri sosai lokacin farautar kwari. Faya-fayan-gland mai arziƙin ƙasa wanda ke a cikin yatsan yatsan hannunka mai sanda na taimaka masa ya kasance cikin ganyayyaki, rassa, da gangar jikin itace.
A cikin ikon yin iyo, ba su da ƙaranci da kwaɗar ruwa, kuma a cikin ikon tsalle da hawa sama nesa da su.
Lokacin da ka kama kwari, kwaroron itace, kamar kwaɗi, jefa maɗaukakiyar harshe kuma ka kama wanda aka azabtar. Idan ganima ya yi girma, tsintsayen bishiyoyi suna yawo a bakin ta tare da kugunan gaban. Mafi yawan mutane masu yawa (96%) a cikin abincin itacen tsutsa sun hada da nau'ikan ƙasa, tare da kusan 15-20% daga cikinsu suna tashi. Abincin ya hada da wasu nau'ikan inshora: diflomasiyya (13.9%), gizo-gizo (12.4%), gwozayen ganye (9.0%), kwari (7.5%), tururuwa (7.5%), nutcrackers (7 , 0%) da huuru (5.5%). Tsuntsaye masu tashi suna taka rawar gani a cikin abincin wannan nau'in. Abinci baya tsayawa a lokacin kiwo. Canebalism an san shi kawai don tadpoles, yawanci suna cin caviar da irin nasu.
Da alama akwai 'yan kalilan da ke lalata bishiyoyin dangane da yanayin rayuwa. Kwatancen itacen tsirrai a wasu lokatai yakan zama cizon yatsa, sarakuna, dawakai, karnukan kyankyasai da balai, da macizai.
Kwayoyin itace suna barin hunturu in mun gwada da wuri. Da farko maza sun farka, kuma mace na barin kwanaki 6-8 ne kawai. A Polesie, har ma da yammacin yankin Grodno a cikin kwanakin farko na Afrilu, a yanayin zafi sama da 6-8 ° C, an riga an same su a jikin ruwa. A lokaci guda, ana iya ganin su a kan tsohuwar ciyayi, galibi akan chinton a gefen gawawwakin ruwan. Tuni a cikin watan Afrilu, a ranakun dumi, musamman da yamma da kuma a dare, maza sun fara kidan renonsu. Sautin da suke yiwa godiya ga haɓakar murhun ciki na ciki, wanda aka cika kamar ball, suna da ƙarfi, suna kama da duke ducks, amma sautin mafi girma. A wata hanyar kuma, ana nuna wadannan sautin a matsayin babbar karar sauti "te-te-te." Har zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu, kusan dukkanin maza suna cikin waƙoƙin waka. Yawancin lokaci suna farawa da yamma (21.00-21.30), amma a cikin bazara ana iya jin saurin yawanci da rana, musamman a cikin yanayin girgije mai dumi.
Ana ci gaba da yin wasannin hargitsi har zuwa ƙarshen watan Mayu, amma muryoyin murhunta na ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli ko ƙarshen Yuli, wani lokacin kaɗan.
A cikin Mayu ne mating da spawning ya faru. A wannan lokacin, yawan zafin jiki na iska ya tashi zuwa 12-23 ° C. Maza suna da matukar ɓarnuwa na ci gaba na murfin launin ruwan kwalliya, amma matan sun rufe, kamar yatsan hannu, a ƙarƙashin tsoffin yatsunsu.
Don kiwo, kwaɗar bishiyar itace ta fi son tafkuna tare da tuddai tare da gangara, bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu kyau kuma suna zurfin zurfin zurfin 0.4-0.5. Gunbin gungun bishiyoyi sun ƙunshi maza manya da mata da yawa da suka kai 15-20, amma abubuwanda suke canzawa koyaushe ne. Matsakaicin mace koyaushe yana ƙanƙan da ƙananan maza kuma yawan rabo tsakanin mace da namiji ya bambanta daga 1:15 zuwa 1: 5. An bayyana wannan rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa mace ta kasance a cikin tafkin don ba ya wuce kwanaki 1-2 kuma bar ta bayan tsagewar. Matsakaici mai yawa a cikin kungiyoyin kiwo shine 3-5 mutane na maza da mata a kowace 10-15 m².
Rogan itacen ƙwaya na ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, kusan 800-1000 ƙwai (375-1725), wanda mace ke sakawa a cikin rabo na ƙwai 4-100 a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin 2-6. Diamita na kwai shine 1-1.5 mm, kuma tare tare da harsashi 4 mm. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya caviar a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwan kogi mai zurfi, a cikin katako, a tashoshin maimaitawa, a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar ƙasa a gefunan. Ciyarwa yakan faru ne da daddare (bayan awanni 23) kuma yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 1 zuwa 6 don ma'aurata ɗaya. Ana iya hadi da ƙwayayen itace a ƙasa, ƙwaiƙƙunsa na iya tsayayya da bushewa na dogon lokaci kuma yana iya kasancewa mai yiwuwa na dogon lokaci cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Zai yi wuya a lura a cikin wani kandami, saboda ya ta'allaka ne a ƙasan ko a haɗe zuwa ciyayi na ruwa. Kwayoyin bishiyoyi sun sami damar yin amfani da ƙananan tara ruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki na wasu tsirrai kuma a cikin rami don sanya ƙwai. Theididdigar ƙwayar bishiyar ƙwayar bishiya ita ce (kamar dabbobi masu girma) na iya tsayayya da bushewa na wani lokaci mai tsawo, don haka an hana mutuwarta idan kusan kusan tafki ta sake dawo da shi ta hanyar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.
Larvae ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-15. (a zazzabi na 16-19 ° C), tsayin su 5 mm. Yawancin lokaci, a rana ta huɗu bayan kyankyashe, tsutsotsen bishiyoyi suna da guntun iska na waje; ba su reshe kuma zai ɓace nan da nan. Idan an sanya ƙwai kai tsaye a kan ƙasa mai laushi, to, ƙyamar ƙyallen riga ba tare da gills na waje ba ko kuma abubuwan da ke ci gaba. Aƙalla a ranar 50, yawanci tadpoles hind kafafu suna girma. Za a iya rarrabe tadpoles na itace gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ingantacciyar haɓaka, ƙira mai kyau, mai kaifi zuwa ƙarshen, iyakar fata wanda ke gudana tare da baya zuwa idanun. Idanun su sun kauda kansu sosai gefe daya. Tadpoles suna cikin tafkin na tsawon kwanaki 60-80 (a cewar wasu kafofin, kwanaki 80-90), kuma tuni a cikin kwanakin farko na farkon watan Agusta akwai ƙaƙƙarfan fita daga shekara, duk da cewa an san yanayin damina na bishiyan itacen tsintsiya. Shekaru, ba kamar tsofaffi ba, suna yin aiki sosai a lokacin kuma sun kasance a kan ciyawa kusa da tafkunan kiwo. Tsawon jikinsu shine 15-18 mm (ko 10-14 mm).
Balagagge yakan faru ne a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu na rayuwa.
A cikin hunturu, kwalayen bishiyoyi suna barin a ƙarshen Satumba da Oktoba a cikin manya-manyan, burrows, voids karkashin tushen da kuma zuriyar dabbobi, a cikin kayan aikin gine-ginen dutse, cellar, cellars. Zasu iya yin hunturu a karkatar tafkunan.
Kwayoyin bishiyoyi sun saba da rayuwa a cikin zaman talala; akwai wasu lokuta idan ba wai kawai sun rayu a farfajiyar gidan sama da shekaru 20 ba, har ma da bred a gida.
1. Pikulik M.M. (ja.) / Ruwan sama. Pazuny: Etsyklapedychny davidnik (Zhivelny hasken Belarus_). Minsk, 1996.240 s.
2. Drobenkov S. M., Novitsky R. V., Kosova L. V., Ryzhevich K. K. & Pikulik M. M. "Amfibians na Belarus". Sofia - Moscow, 2005.
3. Pikulik M. M. "Amphibians na Belarus." Minsk, 1985. -191s.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin namiji yakai cm 5, mace har zuwa cm 6. Shugaban yayi karami. A gefenta an kaɗa mata idanu. Jiki yana da kyau, launi yana canzawa. A baya yawanci ciyawa ne mai nauyi, kuma ciki yayi sauki.
Raunin launin ruwan kasa yana daga kansa har zuwa gaban kafafunsa biyu. A baya, fata mai laushi, da kan ciki marassa karfi tare da kananan tubercles. Yatsun yatsa uku a goshi kuma biyar a hanun mahaifa. Duk yatsun suna sanye da kofuna masu tsotsa.
Tsammani rayuwa na tsintsiyar bishiyar gama-gari a cikin yanayi ta kusan shekaru 15 kenan.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Iyalin bishiyar bishiyoyin yana da nau'ikan sama da 700 mallakar kusan 40 samar. Ana samun su galibi a cikin wurare masu zafi na Sabuwar Duniya, amma har ila yau suna cikin Turai, Ostiraliya da yawancin Asiya masu zafi. Halin halittar arboretum ya hada da daruruwan jinsin.
Famousarin shahararrun wakilai sun haɗa da tsintsayen bishiyar (H. gratiosa), greenan itacen kore na Turai (H. arborea), wanda kewayonsa ya bazu ko'ina cikin Asiya da Japan, frog itace mai launin toka (H. versicolor), kwaro mai itace (H. cinerea), da Pacific itace rana (H. regilla). Kwayoyin bishiyoyi babban rukuni ne na nau'ikan amphibians. Sunyi juyin halitta sun jagoranci hanyoyin rayuwa iri iri.
Bidiyo: Itace Itace
Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da kwaroron itace:
- ƙarancin girma - yawancin kwaɗar bishiyoyi sun yi ƙanƙan da har za su iya zama cikin nutsuwa a yatsunsu,
- hakora - Gunther's marsupial rana (Gastrotheca guentheri) - far rana ɗaya kawai tana da hakora a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin,
- guba - sauƙaƙa taɓawa mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi (Dendrobates leucomelas) na iya haifar da gazawar zuciya,
- haɗiye - kamar sauran kwaɗi, kwaɗi na itace suna amfani da idanunsu don taimakon kansu daɗaɗa abinci. Sun rufe idanunsu sosai, wanda yakan tura abinci a cikin kumatunsu,
- Flying Frog - Frog itace mai tashi ta Costa Rican tana da madauri tsakanin yatsunsu, wanda yake taimaka mata ta zamewa tsakanin bishiyoyi.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Abin da kwayan itacen yayi kama
Kwayoyin bishiyoyi suna da siffar kwaya mai kama da kullun, tare da doguwar kafaɗa mai laushi da fata mai laushi. Ofaya daga cikin fasallolin sifar bishiyar itace ita ce almakashi mai ɗorawa a kan paws, wanda ke taimaka musu hawan bishiyoyi. Idanuwan itacen da suke fuskantar gaba dukansu manya-manya ne, wanda yakan taimaka musu su farauto kayan abincinsu, a dare.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awaA: Za a iya samun kwalayen itace a cikin launuka iri-iri, wasu daga cikinsu suna da haske sosai, duk da cewa yawancinsu kore ne, launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Yawancin jinsin na iya canza launi su gaurayawa tare da kyamarar kamara. Misali, kwayaren furotin (Hyla squirella), tayi kama da chameleons a ikonta na canza launi.
Kodayake kwaɗar bishiya na iya girma zuwa da dama masu girma dabam, yawancin nau'ikan suna da ƙanana saboda sun dogara da ganye da rassa na bakin ciki don riƙe nauyinsu. Daga 10 zuwa 14 cm tsayi, tsintsiyar itace da fararen lebe (Litoria infrafrenata) daga Ostireliya da Oceania ita ce babbar rana a duniya. Rogan itace mafi girma a Amurka shine fan itacen Cuba wanda ba asalinsa ba, wanda tsawonsa yakai 3.8 zuwa 12.7. Theaƙƙarfan itacen tsutsotsi a cikin ƙasa ba su da tsayi 2.5 cm.
Rogan itace mai launin kore yana da ƙusoshin ɗan adam wanda ke ƙarewa tare da yatsunsu na paws a cikin fararen faranti. Fatar su ta yi laushi a baya da kuma hatsi a kan ventral gefe. Suna da launi mai canzawa: kore kore, koren duhu, launin rawaya, koda launin toka, ya danganta da wasu abubuwan waje (luminosity, substrate, zazzabi). Namiji ya rabu da mace ta jakar muryar sa, wanda yawanci launin rawaya ne, koren shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa, kuma a faɗuwa ya zama baƙi.
Frog itace mai launin toka yana da "warty" kore, launin ruwan kasa, ko launin toka mai dumbin duhu duhu a bayan sa. Kamar ƙwannawar bishiyoyi da yawa, wannan nau'in yana da manyan kando a kafafu, mai kama da masu maye. Yana da fararen tabo a karkashin kowane ido da kuma launin rawaya-mai haske a karkashin kwatangwalo.
Sanannen gama gari ne na katako na tsakiyar Amurka, rogan itace mai launin shuɗi-ido mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi a gefenta, ƙyalli mai haske mai haske tare da madaidaiciyar ƙafa a ƙarshen kowane yatsa, da idanu masu haske ja tare da ɗaliban baƙi na tsaye. Fuskarta a zahiri tana da fata mai laushi, mai laushi, bayanta tayi laima da kauri.
Ina frog ɗin itace yake zama?
Hoto: Itace Itatacciyar Itace
Ana samun katuwar bishiyoyi akan duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica, amma sun fi bambamce-yawa a cikin tsaunukan yammacin hemisphere. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 30 suna zaune a Amurka, kuma ana iya samun sama da 600 a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka. Ba abin mamaki bane, kwaroron bishiyoyi da yawa suna da arboreal, wanda ke nufin suna rayuwa akan bishiyoyi.
Na'urori na musamman, kamar allon ƙafa da dogon paws, suna taimaka musu hawa da tsalle. Gsanayen itace marasa itace suna zaune a cikin tafkuna da tafkuna ko kuma tsakanin murfin ƙasa mai laushi. Kwayoyin itace kore suna zama a cikin birane, gandun daji da gandun daji, fadama da kuma heaths. Suna da al'ada ta sabawa a ciki da wajen gidaje na kewayen birni, kewayen bijiyoyin ruwa da tankunan ruwa.
Froaƙƙarfan bishiyoyi masu launin ja-da-gani suna zama a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, inda galibi ana samunsu a cikin gandun daji mai zafi da tuddai da ke kewaye, musamman a wuraren da ke kusa da koguna ko tafkunan. Gsan itacen ja-in-ja masu kyan gani ne masu haɓakawa waɗanda ke da yatsu a kan kofuna waɗanda ke taimaka musu haɗe da ganyen, inda suke hutawa a ko'ina cikin yini. Hakanan zaka iya gano cewa sun manne da rassan bishiyoyi da gangar jikin bishiyoyi a duk mazauninsu kuma, idan ya cancanta, masu iyo ne masu iya iyo.
Za a iya samun nau'in itace mai launin toka a yawancin nau'ikan bishiyoyi da al'ummomin shrub da ke kusa da ruwa mai tsayayye. Wannan nau'in galibi yana zaune a cikin gandun daji, amma kuma galibi zai iya ziyartar orchards. Rogaunin itace mai launin toka itace ainihin “tsintsiyar itace”: ana iya samun ta a saman bishiyoyi ma mafi tsayi.
Wadannan kwayoyi ba kasafai ake ganinsu a wajen kiwo ba. Lokacin da basa aiki, suna ɓoye a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, a ƙarƙashin haushi, a cikin ɓarna na itacen, har ila yau a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki da tushen bishiyoyi. Froan itace mai launin toka na ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ganye da ganye da murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Qwai da kwastomansu suna haɓakawa a cikin kananan tafkunan daji da rafuffuka, dabbobin ruwa, tafkuna a cikin dajin daji, fadama da sauran nau'ikan tafkuna na dindindin ko na yau da kullun waɗanda ba su da manyan igiyoyi, gami da tafkunan da mutane suka haƙa.
Yanzu kun san inda furen itace yake. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kwai ke ci.
Me ake cin itacen rana?
Hoto: Commonan itacen itace gama gari
Yawancin kwalayen bishiyoyi na ganye ne lokacin da suke tadpoles. Tsofaffi kwari ne kuma suna cin ƙananan dabbobin ruwa kamar kwari, kwari, tururuwa, ɓawon burodi da ƙwaro. Manyan nau'in kuma suna cin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar su.
Kwayoyin itace kore wani lokacin suna zama a ƙarƙashin hasken waje a cikin dare don kama kwari da ke jan hankali ga haske, amma kuma suna iya kama ganima a ƙasa, gami da beraye. An kuma bayar da rahoton bullar dilolin da suke kamawa a bakin kogon.
Froan itace mai launin toka na balaga-daɗi da ke cinye yawancin nau'ikan kwari da tsirrai. Ticks, gizo-gizo, lice, katantanwa da tarkoki sune silar da suka zama gama gari. Hakanan zasu iya wasu lokuta cin ƙananan kwaɗi, gami da wasu kwaro na itace. Ba su da labari kuma suna farauta a cikin gandun daji na bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Da yake suna zama tadpoles, suna cin algae da ƙoshin halittun da aka samo a ruwa.
Froan itacen ja masu sheki ja ne kwarkwata suna cin abinci da daddare. Koren launi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗaye ya ba shi damar kasancewa a ɓoye a cikin ganyen bishiyoyi, yana jiran bayyanar kwari ko wasu ƙananan kwari. Froan itacen zina masu ido-da-ido suna cin duk wata dabba da ta dace da bakinsu, amma abincin da suka saba samu ya ƙunshi crickets, asu, kwari, ciyayi, kuma wasu lokuta ma ƙanana.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Itace rana mai tsayi
Yawancin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi maza da yawa yanki ne, kuma suna kiyaye mazauninsu da babbar murya. Wasu nau'in kuma suna kiyaye yankinsu ta hanyar fitar da ciyayi da ke riƙe da wasu maza. Frogs itace mai launin toka - kallon dare. Ba su da aiki a cikin manyan duwatsun bishiyoyi, a ƙarƙashin haushi, a cikin ɓarna na itace, a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki da ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi. A dare, suna neman kwari a kan bishiyoyi, inda za su hau hawa ko hawa kwance tare da amfani da matattara da matattara musamman a ƙafafunsu.
Ana amfani da idanun idanun kwaro na itace ja don nuna tsoro, wanda ake kira halayyar lalata. Da rana, rana ta ɓoye kanta, tana matsa jikinta zuwa kasan ganyen don haka kawai dawo da kore take. Idan kwayar ta damu, tana haskakawa da idanuwa ja kuma tana nuna launuka da kafafu.Launi na iya mamakin mai ƙaddara tsawon lokacin har tsintsaye tserewa. Yayin da wasu nau'ikan wurare masu zafi suna da guba, camouflage da funk sune kawai kariya daga tsintsiyar itace mai saurin ido.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Froan itacen jau-ja-ido na amfani da rawar jiki don sadarwa. Maza suna rawar jiki suna girgiza ganye don yiwa yankin alama da kuma jan hankalin mata.
Kwayoyin bishiyar kore suna da tsoro, kuma yawancinsu ba sa haƙuri yayin da aka bi su da kyau (ko da yake bayan shekaru da yawa a fursuna wasu za su girma su karɓi wannan). Ga yawancin frogs, wurare dabam dabam suna haifar da damuwa, wanda zai iya shafar lafiyar su.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: isonan itacen bishiyar
Kiwon bishiyoyin bishiyoyin kore yakan fara da daɗewa bayan hunturu ya ƙare a watan Yuli; ganiya yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu da tsakiyar Mayu. Rukunin wuraren kiwo sune ƙananan tafkuna tare da ciyawar da ke da haɓaka, a cikin abin da kwaroron manya suka dawo bayan ƙaura zuwa tsawon kilomita 3-4. Balagaro yakan faru da daddare. Kadai kama (daga 800 zuwa 1000 qwai) ana aiwatar da su a cikin karamin tari wanda aka rataye a cikin taimakon tallafi (shuka ko itace). Tadpole metamorphoses yana faruwa watanni uku bayan haka. Froanan kwaɗi suna fara barin ruwan, har lokacin da za a gama cika abubuwan wutsiyoyinsu.
Gsan itacen gumakai masu launin shuɗi sune suka fara haifarwa a ƙarshen bazara da farkon bazara. Su, kamar sauran nau'ikan kwaɗi, suna jure yanayin zafi. Yayin rana, waɗannan frogs din suna kan bishiyoyin da ke kusa da tafkin. Da maraice, maza suna kira daga bishiyoyi da shisha, amma shiga cikin tafki bayan sun sami abokin tarayya. Mace sun kwanta har ƙwai 2000 a cikin ƙananan gungu na 10 zuwa 40, waɗanda ke haɗe da ciyawar. Qwai na ciki cikin kwanaki biyar zuwa bakwai, kuma sai su juye a cikin tsawan kwanaki 40-60 bayan kyankyasar.
Rogan itacen tsatsa mai launin ja-in-sa ido daga Oktoba zuwa Maris. Maza suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin mata ta hanyar “abin birgewa”. Da zaran sun ga 'yarsu, sai su yi gwagwarmaya tare da sauran kwalayen don su sami damar kama da kafafun matar. Mace zata fara latsewa a ƙasan ganyen, yayin da sauran mazan zasuyi ƙoƙarin sakin mata. Mace tana da alhakin kiyaye nauyin duk kwaɗi, gami da wacce aka haɗa da ita yayin da suke yaƙin.
Daga nan sai su shiga cikin wani tsari da ake kira amplexus, inda ma'aurata suka rataye a bayan wani ruwa. Mace ta sanya kwai a cikin bangon ganye, sannan namiji ya hadiye su. Sau da yawa mace zata bushe da ruwa tare da takwararta a cikin tafkin. Daga wannan matsayin, ya kamata namiji ya riƙe ta, in ba haka ba yana iya rasa ta saboda wani tsintsiya.
Da zaran qwai ta fara tono, tadpoles din za su fada cikin ruwa, inda su kuma su zama kwaro. Sau da yawa tadpoles ba sa rayuwa saboda yawancin magabatan da za a iya samu a ruwa. Wadanda suka tsira suna haɓaka kuma sun juye zuwa kwarjin bishiya da idanu masu ja. Da zarar sun zama kwaro, suna matsawa zuwa bishiyun tare da ragowar kwaroyen ruwan ido, inda zasu zauna har tsawon rayuwarsu.
Halittar bishiyar rana maƙiya
Hoto: Itace bishiya a yanayi
Kwayoyin itace suna tsira lafiya, duk da tsananin matsin lamba daga dabbobi kamar:
Macizai sune mahimmancin bishiyar kwaro itace. Yawancin lokaci suna neman ganima ta amfani da siginar sunadarai maimakon na gani, suna musun kariyar garkuwar da yawancin kwaroron itace ke dashi. Bugu da kari, yawancin macizai kwararrun masu hawa ne wadanda zasu iya hawa bishiyoyi kamar kwaroron itace. Yankunan maciji na ratan shekaru (Pantherophis sp.) Da kuma boas na itace (Corallus sp.) Suna cikin jinsunan da ke cinye naman alade.
Otters, raccoon da squirrels suna ciyar da frogs na itace. Kyakkyawar hangen nesa da ragowar kwayoyi na dabbobi masu shayarwa suna taimakawa wurin ganowa da kuma sarrafa ganima na 'yan amphibians. Wasu lokuta ana kama kwaɗi a jikin bishiyoyi, amma galibi ana kama su lokacin da suke motsawa zuwa wuraren kiwo da kuma ƙari. Aƙalla speciesaya daga cikin nau'in nau'ikan batir suna gaban fitowar frogs, masu iya rarrabe nau'in abincin da ake ci daga nau'in mai guba ta hanyar kira ɗaya kawai.
Tsuntsayen suna da kyan gani sosai kuma suna iya samun koda kyawun itacen katako. Jays mai launin shuɗi (Cyanocitta cristata), owls (Strix sp.) Da shaho fari (Buteo lineatus) sune nau'ikan da suke ciyar da kannama bishiyoyi akai-akai.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yawancin kwaroron, ciki har da kwaroron itace, suna kashe kashi na farko na rayuwarsu cikin ruwa a cikin nau'in tadpoles. A wannan lokacin, sauran amphibians, kwari da, mafi mahimmanci, abincin kifi a kansu. Yawancin kwaroyen bishiya, irin su furfuran itace mai launin toka (Hyla versicolor), suna gujewa tsinkayen kifayen ta sandunan su ta hanyar sanya kwanansu a ruwa kawai ba tare da kifi ba, kamar su kayan wucin gadi na wani lokaci. Sauran kwayoyi, kamar kwaroron itace (Hyla cinerea), suna tsayayya da matsin lambar kifi saboda dalilai waɗanda ba su fahimta gaba ɗaya.
Masu cin gashin bishiyar bishiyoyin ido sune yawanci jemagu, macizai, tsuntsaye, mujiya, tarantulas da ƙananan alligators. Kwalaben bishiyoyi suna amfani da launuka mai annuri a matsayin hanyar kare kai na ban mamaki ga masu farautarsu (canza launin canza tsoro). Yayinda magabatansu ke amfani da idanuwansu don farauta, da zaran idanunsu suka fadi a kan ganima, galibi suna birgesu da launuka masu haske, saboda wanda, a lokacin da kwarton itacen bishiyoyin ido masu asali suke, asalinsa kawai “hoton fatalwa ne” yake.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gsazaran bishiyoyi da yawa suna da launi mai haske (shuɗi, rawaya, ja) sassa na jiki, kamar paws ko idanu. Idan maharbi ya tsoratar dasu, kwatsam saika hango wadannan bangarorin masu launuka don tsoratar dashi, wanda hakan ya baiwa fatar tsalle.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Abin da kwayan itacen yayi kama
Kwayoyin bishiyoyi, waɗanda nau'ikan dabbobi sama da 700 suka wakilta a duk duniya, suna rayuwa a yawancin Arewa, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, da Australia da New Guinea. A tarihi, frogs sun kasance nau'ikan nuna alama, shaidar lafiyar yanayin tsirrai ko kuma wata illa. Ba abin mamaki bane, yawan amphibian na duniya ya ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da barazanar kwaroron bishiyoyin ido sun haɗa da gurɓataccen sinadarai daga amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari, ruwan acid da takin zamani, fitowar magabatan baƙi da kuma ƙara haɗuwa da radadin zafin rana sakamakon rauni da ke tattare da sinadarin ozone, wanda hakan na iya lalata ƙwayaye. Duk da cewa kwayayen bishiyar jajayen ido basa hadarin gaske, gidanta dake cikin dazuzukan na fuskantar barazanar koyaushe.
Yawan dumamar yanayi, gushewar daji, canjin yanayi da kuma canjin yanayi, magudanar da ciyayi da gurbacewar yanayi sun haifar da raguwar adadin kwarjin dusar ido a cikin gandun daji mai zafi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.
Yawan itacen tsintsiya, kamar sauran frogs, shima ya ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Wannan nau'in na daɗewa kuma zai iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 20. Saboda wannan doguwar rayuwa, raguwar yawan jama'a ba a lura da shi shekaru da yawa. Har yanzu ana ganin manya kuma ana ji dasu a kai a kai, amma akwai ƙuruciya matasa.
Itace tsattsarkan itace
Hoto: Farar littafin Farko
Babban matakan inganta matsayin tsabtace bishiyoyi suna da niyyar kiyayewa da haɓaka mahimmancin lokaci mai dorewa daga matsakaici zuwa babba a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na hasken rana ko adana matsakaici da manyan ramuka guda tare da tsirrai masu ruwa na ruwa da kuma tsauraran wurare. Ya kamata a inganta ruwa ta hanyar da ta zama tilas, misali, ta hanyar sarrafa albarkatun ruwa lokaci-lokaci, yankan iyakoki ko cirewa da rage yawan kifayen ko kuma tabbatar da samar da mafi yawan kiban.
Inganta daidaituwar ruwan ya kamata kuma an daidaita shi don inganta babban matakin ruwan karkashin kasa a cikin yankuna masu ƙarancin ruwa, tare da kiyayewa da haɓaka ƙasashe masu laushi da yankuna masu ɗumbin yawa, kazalika da ƙirƙirar wuraren dawowa a gadaje kogin. Duk mazaunan itacen bishiya na shekara bazasu karkasu ba ko kuma a tsare su akan manyan hanyoyi.
A cikin wurin da ya dace inda ake samun kwaroron itace, za'a iya haƙa tafkunan wucin gadi don samar da ƙarin wurin kiwo. Kodayake tafkunan wucin gadi na iya samar da ƙarin mazauninsu, bai kamata a ɗauke su azaman madadin wuraren tafkunan halitta na yanzu ba. Tsarin Habitat ya zama mafi fifikon kiyaye adana yawan bishiyoyin.
Itace tsintsiya - Wannan karamin kallo ne daga kwaya daya wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa akan bishiyoyi. Bishiyar bishiyar itace tana zama a cikin gandun daji da gandun daji a yankuna masu zafi a duniya. Kodayake kwaɗar bishiya na iya girma zuwa da dama masu girma dabam, yawancin nau'ikan suna da ƙanana saboda sun dogara da ganye da rassa na bakin ciki don riƙe nauyinsu.
