Sunan Latin: | Milvus milvus |
Squad: | Falconiformes |
Iyali: | Hawk |
Additionallyarin ƙari: | Bayanin jinsunan Turai |
Bayyanar mutum da hali. Maƙaddara tana da matsakaici a girma, da ɗan girma fiɗa da baƙar fata. Tsawon Jiki 61-72 cm, nauyi 800-1 200 g, fuka-fuki sau 140-1955. Namiji da mace ba su bambanta da launi da girma. Additionarin yana kama da na fata baƙar fata, amma da aka sani tsawon-saiti kuma mai fikafikai. Tenderloin ya fi ci gaba fiye da baƙar fata.
Bayanin. Janar canza launin shi ne, m, wutsiya a saman ya dubi kusan uniform kuma mai haske - ja, kasan haske ne tare da duhu na aladu da kumburin bakin ciki da yawa akann gashin tsuntsayen wutsiya. Shugaban yana da sauki fiye da jiki, yawanci haske launin toka ne ko m, ganga mai duhu yana gudana akan kai da jikinsa ya fi banbanci da baki. Wax, beak da featherless sassa na kafafu - kamar baƙar fata, amma iris mai haske ne ko haske rawaya.
Hanya ta jirgin tana kama da na ta ɗan baƙar fata, ana samun farce mai yatsa koda kuwa an shimfida wutsiya. Lightarshen wutsiyar wutsiyar ya bambanta cikin tsuntsaye manya tare da launin ja mai launin shuɗi. Gashin fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsayen da ke ƙasa suna da girma, hasken “windows” a sarari yake, yana bambanta da “yatsun duhu”, ƙusoshin murfin ƙusoshin da na fikafikansu. A saman fikafikan fuka-fukai, mafi kyau sama da na baki, an kafa fitila mai haske, mai kama da fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsaye.
Wasu daidaikun mutanen da ke cikin kwari na farin baƙar fata, dangane da bambancin launi, suna kusantar da jan jan, amma jigogin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna rarrabu. Individualaramin ya bambanta da na manya a cikin ƙananan haske da bambancin ɓarna, da rashin ingantaccen haushi da sautunan ja, da ƙarancin wutsiya mai magana. A bango da fuka-fukan akwai wani yanayi mai yanayin rashin haske na gashin tsuntsaye. Bakan gizo mai launin shuɗi, da waxen da ƙafafu suna da shuɗi.
Abu ne mai sauki ka rikitar da samari mai tashi mai jan baki tare da tsoho mai baki. Ana iya rarrabe shi daga ƙarshen ta hanyar ƙarin banbanci mai ban mamaki, ƙaramin fika wutsiya mai ƙarfi, bambanci mai rauni tsakanin ƙura da launin toka-launin toka da launin toka a ƙarshen wutsiyar. Ya bambanta da dukkan tsuntsayen ganima a yankinmu, gami da baƙar fata, tare da maƙarƙashikin ƙarfi da aka zana tare da ƙarshen gashin gashin tsuntsayen waje.
Kuri'a. Alama "pew lu"ko"pyuu-li"Tare da damuwa"piuu-pi-pi-pi". Wadannan alamun suna da banbanci sosai da kukan baƙar fata, amma suna da wasu kamanceceniya da kukan da akeyi.
Matsayi na Rarraba. An rarrabu cikin Turai daga yamma ta Burtaniya da kudu ta Scandinavia zuwa yankin Iberian, Apennine da Balkan, a gabashin Turai ta yi biris da kyau. Akwai wuraren da ake farawa a Morocco da tsibirin Cape Verde. Yawan mutanen gabas lokacin hunturu a Yammacin Turai da gabashin Bahar Rum, sirrin yamma. A cikin Turai ta Rasha - wani nau'in kare da ba shi da kariya sosai a kan gabashin gabashin kewayon kewayon, yana kunshe cikin littafin Red na Rasha. Yawan yana raguwa. A kan tashi a baya sun hadu a cikin Caucasus.
Rayuwa. Ya fi son dazuzzuzuka wurare masu rarrafe tare da bude fili da ke cike da wuraren shakatawa. Ba ya samar da gida da kuma gungu na abinci kama da na baƙar fata. Yana ciyar da kaya da matsakaitan matsakaitan abubuwa masu tsinkaye, akasarin ƙwayoyin dabbobi, tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, 'yan amphibians. Siffofin farauta - kamar baƙar fata, icksanƙasan kwari masu laushi sun fi ja dayan nau'in halittar da aka ƙayyade. Ya isa a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu, kwari a cikin watan Agusta ko Satumba.
MENENE Abincin
A wurare da yawa, ana riƙe da jan jan kusa da manyann filayen abinci, inda koyaushe suke samun jigilar kayayyaki. Tare da lalata ɗabi'un halitta na waɗannan tsuntsayen, dole ne su daidaita da sabbin yanayi.
Yau, maimakon abinci na yau da kullun - ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kifi - tsuntsayen suka fara cin ragowar abincin ɗan adam da sauran sharar gida. Wani lokacin jan dabbobi suna cin naman manyan tsuntsaye. A cikin tsananin wahala, musamman lokacin sanyi, suna cin mutu ƙanƙan da sauran dabbobin daji. Jirgin yana tashi da kyau kuma yana iya yin awoyi na tsawon awanni ba tare da ƙoƙari mai yawa ba. Daga tsayin 20-30 m, ƙugu yana neman ganima. Ya lura da ita, nan da nan ya sauko ƙasa ya kama wanda aka kama da kaifin hancinsa. A yayin harin, jan jan bazai taba taɓa ƙasa ba, amma, kama ganima, nan da nan ya tashi zuwa sararin sama. Kite yana da ƙananan ƙananan rauni da rauni, saboda haka yana ciyar da daskararru. Koyaya, fatanta suna da kaifi don kashe karamin dabbar.
LIFESTYLE
Kuta shine tsuntsu mai ƙyalli, amma yana da silas da kyan gani. Plarfinsa na sama launin ruwan kasa, launin fata yana da kyau. Karamin jiki mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske ne, mai ratsa jiki mai tsawo. A cikin jirgin, jan jan yana da sauƙin ganewa ta hanyar kunkuntar da kuma dan kadan mai jujjuya baya fuka-fuki, kuma da dogon, soks wutsiya. A jikin fikafikan fuka-fukan akwai manyan fararen fata waɗanda suke bambanta da gashin fuka-fukan baƙi. Kusa da kai zaka iya ganin launin toka mai haske tare da aibobi da fitila mai haske a saman fuka-fukan. Namiji mace da namiji suna da launi iri ɗaya. Kite, wanda ke zaune a Kudancin Ingila da Kudancin Sweden, yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Tsakiyar Turai ƙaura ne. Suna hunturu a kudancin Faransa, Spain da Portugal. A ƙarshen Fabrairu, kuɗaɗen ja suna kan hanyarsu ta komawa wuraren da ake tallan dabbobi. A cikin hunturu, ana haɗuwa da jan jan cikin garke. Tare suka tashi dan neman abinci sannan suka kwana a tare.
Yaduwa
-Wanƙwasa launin fata yana faruwa a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu. Jirgin sama na tsuntsaye masu rikitarwa suna da wahala. Da farko, ja dayan kewaya sama da gida, wanda akasari yake akan bishiyar da take girma a gefen gandun daji. Saannan namiji da mace suna manne da dan abin hannu kuma cikin sauri zasu fadi. Yada fuka-fukai, a cikin jirgi suke yin wasu kwari da wasu kwari. Fiye da rawanin bishiyoyi, tsuntsayen suka sake samun tsawo, kuma ana maimaita maimaita al'ada daga farkon. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna gina gida, wanda zai iya zama kusan m 1 a diamita, tare. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samunsa sosai a kambi na itace. Mace tana saka qwai, kuma sau tari namiji yakan canza shi a cikin gida. Launin kajin na daga cream har zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Kimanin kwanaki 50 bayan haihuwar kajin barin gida.
Yaɗa
Ayyuka a cikin Scandinavia, Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai, Caucasus, Asia orarami, arewacin Iran, Afirka a bakin tekun Yammacin Gibraltar, tsibirin Canary da kuma tsibirin Cape Verde. A kan iyakar Rasha an same shi a cikin nau'i-nau'i a cikin yankin Kaliningrad, a kudu maso yamma na yankin Pskov kuma mai yiwuwa a tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye a arewacin da gabashin sassan yanki na halitta (Sweden, Poland, Jamus, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) suna ƙaura, suna ƙaura kudu da yamma a cikin hunturu, galibi zuwa yankin Rum. A cikin kudu maso yamma na kewayon, tsuntsaye suna kwance a ƙasa.
A karni na XX, jimlar yawan jinsunan sun fadi sosai, kuma daga shekarar 1970 zuwa 1990 adadin ya fadi da kashi 20%. Babban dalilin irin wannan raguwar adadi mai yawa, wanda ke ci gaba har yanzu a Kudu-maso Yamma da Gabashin Turai, ana kiransa zaluncin dan adam (harbi, kwai kwai da kuma amfani da abubuwan guba), tare da raguwa da inganci da amfanin tattalin arzikin ƙasa wanda ya dace da farauta. Koyaya, al inumar yankin tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Turai sun nuna alamun dawo dasu kwanannan.
Ya fi son tsoffin dattijai da gandun daji gauraye don buɗe sarari da shimfidar wurare na al'adu. A Spain, inda kusan kashi 22% na mazaunan Turai keɓaɓɓun mazauna kuma babban wurin da ake yin hunturu, tsuntsaye sun fi son wuraren noma sosai, ba tsauni a tsaunuka ba. Guji matsanancin laima ko kuma m yankin yanayin zafi.
Kiwo
Offspringan fari na nuna yana da shekaru 2-4. Kites suna da auren mace ɗaya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, vapors sun dawwama cikin rayuwa, kodayake suna ciyar da lokaci daban da juna a waje da lokacin kiwo. An yi imani cewa sabuntawar shekara-shekara ta kiwo ba ta hanyar kaunar juna bane, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsayen suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya game da wurin da ake fara haihuwar su kuma duk shekara suna komawa wurin da suka fara zama na farko. Tsuntsayen matasa suna ƙoƙarin ba da nasu farkon a cikin yankin da suka tsinci kansu.
Yin farauta da gina gida yana farawa a cikin Maris, makonni 2-4 kafin kwanciya kwanciya. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, kiwo a karo na farko, wannan tsari yana faruwa kaɗan daga baya, a farkon Afrilu. Yana faruwa cewa a cikin dumin hunturu ƙwararrun tsuntsaye waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa sun fara tattara kayan gini a watan Janairu, amma waɗannan ƙoƙarin kusan ba su ƙare ba. A cikin wasannin mating, tsuntsaye sau da yawa suna tashi zuwa juna tare da babban sauri kuma suna juya zuwa gefe kawai a ƙarshen lokacin, wani lokacin yayin taɓa juna da paws. Wani lokaci za su iya kwaikwayon yaƙin da juna, su juya da sauri a cikin karkace a cikin iska, har sai sun sauka a kan rassan itace.
Gida ana gina shi cikin cokali mai yatsa a cikin itace, galibi itacen oak, linden ko Pine, a tsawan 12-20 m sama da ƙasa. Wani lokacin maimakon gini, ana amfani da tsohuwar buzzard ko kuranan babban gida (Corvus corax) Wannan gida yana aiki shekaru da yawa. Babban kayan gini da ake amfani dashi shine rassan itace bushe waɗanda suke ɗaure tare da ciyawa ko wasu ciyayi. 2-3 days kafin masonry, gida an rufe shi da gashin ulu.
Kwancen ƙwaiƙan ƙwai yana faruwa a watan Afrilu kuma yawanci ya ƙunshi 1-3 (da wuya 4) fararen ƙwai tare da sautin jan. Ana sanya ƙwai a jere akai-akai kowace kwana uku. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ƙwai (amma ba kajin ba) sun ɓace, macen ta sami damar kwanciya sake saboda kakar. 'Ya'ya ɗaya ne kawai ake haifarwa a kowace shekara. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 31-32 ga kowane kwai, ko kuma duka kwanaki 37-38 a cikin yanayin 3 ƙwai. Mata ne kawai ke sanya jarirai, namiji a wannan lokacin yana samarwa mata abinci. Wani lokaci, mace tana ficewa daga cikin gida don wasu mintina, ta barta cikin kulawa. Kajin na saukar da shi yana fitowa dabam, a tsarin kwanciya qwai. Bayan brood, farkon makonni biyu na farko mace ta zauna tare da kajin a cikin maza, yayin da namiji ya tanadi kayan abinci. Bayan haka, mace ma ta tashi ta kama abin da ta ci. Komaji na nuna halin ko in kula ga juna, kodayake hakan ba zai haifar da mutuwarsu ba. Tasirin hanyar farauta ya dogara ne da dalilai da yawa, gami da yanayin yanayi, wadatar abinci da yiwuwar damuwar ɗan adam, da kuma kimanin chan kajin 1.34 a cikin kamawa.
Lokacin da kajin ke fara tashi ya dogara da girman brood da wadatar abinci. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 45, sun fara motsawa zuwa rassan makwabta, kuma jirgin su na farko, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana yin shi ba da wuri ba kafin kwanaki 48-50, wani lokacin kuma bayan kwanaki 60-70. Har yanzu suna tsaye a reshe, kajin suna tare da iyayensu har sati biyu zuwa uku.
RED KITCHEN DA MAN
Red kite nests kawai a cikin Turai da kuma a arewa maso yammacin Afirka. Yawancin gwaje-gwaje sun fadi kan makomar jan kati. A cikin karni na XVI-XVII. ya kasance ɗan farauta gama-gari. Koyaya, daga ƙarshen 18th zuwa farkon karni na 20, mafarauta da masu tattara kayan tsuntsayen sun kusan lalata wurin. Jim kaɗan, an lalata shi a cikin Scotland. A Biritaniya, jan kati ya fara karewa a cikin shekarar 1903. A halin yanzu, kasa da nau'ikan wadannan tsuntsaye goma sun rayu a Wales.
Rayuwa
Duk da cewa jan ƙirar babban tsuntsu ne, ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba ta da ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsuntsayen ganima (kamar buzzards). Yayin farauta, yana jujjuyawa a cikin ƙananan ƙasa, yana neman kananan wasa. Da ya lura da wanda aka azabtar, sai ya faɗi tare da dutse ya kama shi da kaifi a ka. Yana preys akan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da duniya. Wani lokacin yakan ciyar da abinci, musamman ragowar raguna. Bayan lura da faduwar dabba, yana jira kadan nesa har sai da sauran tsuntsaye masu iko, kamar buzzards ko crows, suyi cikakken su.
KITCHEN LATSA
Kaƙƙarfan ja sau da yawa yana bayyana a sarari a sarari: filaye tare da itace ko gefuna. A Tsakiyar Turai, ana iya samun wannan tsuntsu mai cin nama a wuraren da yake kan tudu, inda ake kafa ƙarfafan iska mai ƙarfi a tsakanin gangara, wanda ke ɗaukar ƙwaryar a cikin sararin sama kuma ya ba shi izinin yin huɗa na dogon lokaci. Wannan tsuntsu mai kyan gani yana gina gida a cikin tsohuwar tsohuwar sananniya ko gandun daji. Yana da ƙasa da dogara da ruwa sama da baƙar fata. A lokacin farauta daga cikin jan buɗi yana da sauƙi a tsoratar da kai. Don haka, a wannan lokacin, ya kamata mutane su bi wasu hanyoyi na daji domin kada su tsoratar da tsuntsayen da ke gina sheƙensu. Akwai yuwuwar yiwuwa cewa ɗan jan jan tsoratarwar zai bar abin ƙwanƙwasawa kuma baya komawa zuwa mazaunin. Masanan ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere sun yi imanin cewa a yau kusan a cikin Jamus kusan 4400 nau'i-nau'i na faral fata, a Poland - nau'i-nau'i 300, a Switzerland - nau'i-nau'i 200. A cikin Netherlands da Belgium kusan babu jan madaukai.
BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.
- A lokacin W. Shakespeare, jan kati sune suka zama mafi yawan “tsoratarwa” tsakanin dukkan tsuntsayen da aka samo a Landan. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance a tsakiyar birni wanda yadudduka ya jawo hankalin baƙi na babban birnin. Wasan "Tarihin Tarihin hunturu" ya gaya cewa kites sun sace lilin daga igiyoyi kuma sun yi amfani da shi wajen gina manyan gidaje.
- Red Kite yana amfani da fasaharsa don tashi da ƙwarewa don sata ganima daga wasu tsuntsaye (hankaka da rooks). Lokaci-lokaci, yakan iya sarrafa sauran maharba: buzzards, shaho da kuma falke. Idan jaki ya hadu da maharbi wanda ke dauke da ganima a cikin abin da ya fizge shi, to yana lura da kowane motsi a cikin iska kuma yana bin har sai ya fitar da ganima. Bayan jira na wannan lokacin, jan madae da sauri ya kama abin da ke cikin ganuwa kuma ya tafi da shi jahannama.
- A karo na ƙarshe da aka ga jan kati a London a cikin 1859.
- Ruwan jan yana ciyarwa da mafi yawan rana yana yawo ƙasa da ƙasa. A lokacin da yake cikin wannan jirgi, yakan fara neman ganima a ƙasa.
HUKUNCIN HUKUNCIN HUKUNCIN TARIHIN MARA
Gashinsa, yatsotsin yatsu ya banbanta, yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa sarrafa jirgin sama.
Yawa: tsawo, kunkuntar kuma dan kadan mai lankwasa baya. Gabannin fikafikan fuka-fukan ne, tare da fararen fatun fuka-fukan da ake gani gaban al amuran gashin tsuntsaye a jikinsu.
Idanu: jan jan yana da hangen nesa mai kyau. Kusan sau takwas ya fi na mutane lalacewa.
Beak: lan wasa da kaifi. Tare da taimakon sa, tsuntsu ya tsinkaye biyun abincin da yayi ajiyar su.
Claws: ƙanana amma mai kaifi.
Wuta: tsawo, tare da daraja mai zurfi, don haka "cokali mai yatsa" a bayyane yake a bayyane. Yana amfani don kiyaye daidaituwa kuma kamar rudder yayin jirgin.
Qwai: fararen mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, galibi sau 2-3 a cikin gida ɗaya, koyaya, za'a iya samun 1 ko 4.
- Range na Red Kite
INA CIKIN RUHU KYAUTA YAKE
Yana faruwa kusan a ko'ina cikin Turai, da farko a Faransa da Spain. A wurare da yawa na Kudancin Turai, adadin kuɗin jan ya ragu ko kuma nau'in jinsi kusan ya ƙare.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
Yawan jan kuɗaɗe a Yammacin Turai amintacce ne. Ana yin barazanar lalata jinsunan, saboda a wurare da yawa ana maye gurbinsu da baƙar fata. An saka jakar ja a cikin Littafin Rubutu.
05.07.2014
Red kite (Milvus Milvus na Latin) tsuntsu ne na ganima daga dangin Hawks (Accipitridae) na tsari Falconiformes. Fiye da 60% na yawan jama'a suna zaune ne a Tsakiyar Turai.
Komawa a cikin karni na XVIII, kullun jan ya zauna cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin manyan biranen Turai, akan tituna wanda, saboda mummunan yanayin rashin tsabta, akwai yawanci ya fadi. Tsuntsaye masu aiki da ƙwazo suna aiwatar da aikin abubuwan amfani na gaba, tare da hana annoba.
Baya ga Turai, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a Arewacin Afirka, yankin yammacin Asiya, tsibirin Canary da tsibirin Cape Verde. Yawan su a farkon karni na karshe ya fara raguwa cikin sauri, amma saboda matakan da aka ɗauka don kare wannan nau'in, yanzu ya murmure har ma ya fara girma.
Alamun waje
Jini jan wani tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici-tsayi, tsayinsa ya kai 72 cm, kodon yana da nauyin 1.75-2, kuma nauyinsa shine 1.4 kg. Launin launi irin na maharban nan yana da ban sha'awa. Kawunansu suna da launin shuɗi, kuma jikinsu ja mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsi a tsaye a ƙasa. Wasu daga cikin gashin fuka-fukan a jikin fikafikan su ne fari a tsakiya da baƙi a ƙarshen. Fuka-fukan da suke biye dasu sune launin toka mai duhu. Mace da namiji suna da kusan iri ɗaya iri ɗaya iri ɗaya kuma a waje ne da wuya a rarrabe su. A cikin jan baki, ƙirar V-dimbin yawa akan wutsiya a bayyane take, tare da sauƙin rarrabewa daga nau'ikan da ke kama da juna - ƙungiyar baƙar fata.
Halayyar
Da rana, kwari suna ta zagayawa cikin iska, suna neman ganima. Mafi yawan lokaci suna shirin sama a sararin sama, ta amfani da karfin iska. Fuka fukafukan su a guje suna buɗe. Tsuntsayen lokaci-lokaci sukan ninka fikafikan su kuma suna jujjuya su daga gefe zuwa gefe domin samun kyakkyawar ganima a doron kasa.
An yi juzu'ai masu sauri don amfani da wutsiya, abin da ya zama kyakkyawan abin motsawa. Mai ganin mafarautan, sai ya lamule fikafikansa sai ya faɗi ƙasa da dutse. Rodanan ƙananan ƙwayoyi da tsuntsaye, da kuma wasu abubuwa masu yawa, sun zama ganima. Gawarwakin tumaki magani ne na musamman da za a yi wa jan dabbobi.
A waje da lokacin kiwo, tsuntsaye sukan tattara a cikin dabbobi don neman abinci tare. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun samo asali ne a aikin samar da abinci na birni, inda sukasan yadda ake neman tarkace abinci da farautar berayen da beraye. Irin waɗannan alumma, sun sami damar kai kayan abinci marasa iyaka, har ma sun yi watsi da ƙaura lokacinsu na yau da kullun, saura zuwa hunturu a wuraren kiwo.
A dare, tsuntsaye kan huta a kan rassan bishiyoyi da ba kowa ko a cikin karamin rago a tsakiyar filayen. A cikin yanayin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi da yanayin sanyi, sun fi so su ɓoye cikin m ciyawar.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai cm 70. Suna auna daga 750 g zuwa 1 kg tare da fuka-fuki na 155-185 cm .. Brown baya. Cutar ja mai launin ja tare da duhu duhu mai duhu.
Wutsiya tana da tsawo tare da ƙyalli a cikin koli, launin shuɗi mai haske a ƙasa, da kuma launin toka mai haske tare da duhu mai duhu a ƙarƙashin. An rufe kansa da gajerun fuka-fukan launin shuɗi. Iris mai haske ne rawaya. Gefen yana da rawaya, tare da baki. Kafafu suna launin rawaya, an rufe su da launin ruwan duhunan “panties” kafin farɗan. Yatsun suna karewa da karfi da kaifi mai kaifi. Yatsuwa uku suna fuskantar gaba, na hudu kuma baya.
Tsawon rayuwa a cikin daji kusan shekaru 26 ne. Red kites da sauri ana amfani dashi don bauta kuma tare da kyakkyawan kulawa na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 38.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Red kullun abu ne mai sauqi ka hora. Da farko an kama shi, sai ya yi kamar ya mutu. Koyaya, da sanin cewa yaudarar tasa ta gaza, ya yi murabus zuwa makawa. A jirgin sama, kwari zai iya samar da manyan garken dabbobi, wanda a cikin sa abu ne mai saurin faruwa ga tsuntsayen ganima. A cewar masanin ilmin halitta Adrian Ebisher, saboda katon fuka-fukan, kukan jan suna mutuwa a cikin manyan wayoyi. Daga 8 zuwa 22 jijiyoyin da suka mutu sakamakon ƙwayoyin gonar iska ana samunsu kowace shekara a Jamus.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Red Kite
Red buga - Babban tsuntsu mai farauta, wanda yake iya "daskarewa" a sararin sama tsawon lokaci don neman abin da ya mallaka. Tsuntsaye suna tashi daga tsauni, don haka nau'in dangin shaho yana da matukar wuya a rarrabe tare da ido tsirara. Masu bincike ko kayan ado ne kawai zasu iya jure wannan aikin.
An yi imani da cewa kalmar ma'anar kalma ce ta sunan tsuntsu, wanda marubucin Russia kuma malamin adabi kuma Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl ya ba da shi a cikin 1882. Ko da a lokacin, ya kira wannan tsuntsu krachun. A farkon, wanda yake da gashin tsuntsu bashi da sunan kansa kuma an kwatanta shi da masu cin maciji, tunda suna da kamanni da abinci. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ƙungiyar ta sami sunan ta.
Gabaɗaya, tsuntsu ya sami babban sananne ko lessasa da daraja a cikin karni na 17, lokacin da yawancin nau'in jan kite suka zauna a biranen Turai. A waccan lokacin, tarin datti da aka tara akan tituna, tunda gwamnati gabaɗaya bata kula da tsafta. Kofar ja ta kwantar da hankula a titi, saboda ɗaukar kaya cuta ce mafi kyau a gare shi.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Red Kite
Red buga - tsuntsu mai karamin girma tare da matsakaicin fikafikai. Tsawon jikinsa zai iya kaiwa santimita 70-72 kawai, kuma iyakar wasu santimita 190. Har ila yau, tsuntsu ba ya yin nauyi sosai idan aka kwatanta shi da dangin sa na haya - kusan kilo 1.
Godiya ga jiki mai kyan gani, fuka-fukai masu dogon wuya da wutsiya tare da hutu mai dauke da cokali mai yatsa, jan jan zai iya yin rawar gani, cikin hamada. A baya tsuntsu, kawai yayi a matsayin wani "matatse".
Jini yana da launin launin ruwan launin fata mai launin launin ruwan fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai haske a jiki. Gashin tsuntsayen fuka-fukan an fentin su farare, baƙi da duhu launin toka. Shugaban da wuya suna da launin toka-toshi. Tsuntsu yana da wutsiya mai tsayi da yawa, wanda yakan birkice lokacin da yake tashi a tsayi. Idanun jan ja suna da turanci mai launin shuɗi. Kafafu suna fentin launin rawaya mai haske, don haka ana iya ganin su har daga ƙasa ta fuskar ɗan adam.
Mace da namiji ba sa bambanta da bayyanar su. Wannan ake kira dimorphism na jima'i. Hakanan, a farkon shekarun rayuwarsu, launi na firam shine yafi haske ga kajin. Launi mai launin ruwan kasa a zahiri rarrabe ne, amma, ba a furta shi kamar yadda aka yi a cikin manya na wannan jinsin.
Ina ne jajen zaune?
Hoto: Red Kite
Ana iya samun murfin ja a cikin shimfiɗar lebur da kankara. Dangane da wannan, tsuntsun ya fi son manyan ciyayi a kusa da gandun daji masu ɗamara ko gauraye. A lokacin zabar mazauninsu, ana amfani da wannan nau'in don barin yashi sosai ko, akasin haka, yankuna maras kyau.
Babban sashi na yawan farauta yana zaune a Tsakiya, Kudancin Turai da kuma bakin tekun Afirka. A Rasha, ana iya samun tsuntsu ba sau da yawa. Irin waɗannan mutanen za a iya gani a wani wuri a cikin yankunan Kaliningrad ko Pskov. Dangane da Turai kuwa, ana iya ganin jan kati, misali a cikin Scandinavia. A cikin Afirka, ana samun ta a madaidaiciyar Gibraltar, a tsibirin Canary ko kuma tsibirin Cape Verde.
Akwai duka ƙananan ƙaurawar ƙaura biyu da waɗanda aka zaunar. Tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a Rasha, Sweden, Poland, Jamus, Ukraine, Belarus ƙaura ne. A cikin hunturu, suna matsa kusa da wani yanki na can, zuwa kudu, zuwa Rum. Kites da ke zaune a kudu ko kudu maso yamma a cikin hunturu suna cikin ci gaba.
Me jan jan ke ci?
Hoto: Red Kite
Kodayake ana daukar jan jan wani babban tsuntsu ne na alfarma, yanayin sa bai ba da tazaranci na musamman ba. Yana da jiki mai kyau, amma babu yawan ƙwayar tsoka a ciki. Wannan hujja tana sa ta zama mai rauni sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsuntsayen ganima, misali, kamar ungulu ko baƙar fata.
Tsarin farauta kamar haka. Ja girar jan sama zuwa sama kuma a zahiri “daskarewa” a wani tsayi. Sannan a hankali ya nemi ganima, kuma idan aka lura da shi, maharmar ya faɗi warwas sai yayi yunƙurin kama shi da ƙaƙƙarfan kisa.
Redite ya fi son ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, alal misali, linzamin kwamfuta, don zama. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, wanda yake da wannan hoton shima bai damu da cin kananan kajin, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe ba. Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, jan baki yana cin abinci, amma har yau da yawa daga cikin masana ilimin dabbobi sun lura da tsuntsu a irin wannan abincin. Idan wannan nau'in ya lura da hoto wanda, alal misali, sauran tsuntsayen da ke cin abincinsu suna cin tumakin da ya mutu, to yawanci yakan jira ne a kan bangon kuma yana tashi da ganima yayin da babu wasu halittu masu rai kusa da shi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Red Kite
Red buga wani lokacin yakan wulakanta danginsa. Muna magana ne musamman game da waɗannan tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi lokacin hunturu. Kamar sauran tsuntsayen, a cikin sabon wuri suna buƙatar zauna tare da yin sabon gida, amma ba kowa bane ke samun wuri don wannan sabon wurin zama. Dangane da abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, a wasu lokuta sukan yi faɗa da juna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: mutum zai iya gani sau da yawa cewa jan jan ado yana gida da wasu abubuwa masu haske, alal misali, jaka ta filastik ko datti mai kyau. Duk wannan tsuntsun yayi domin ya nuna alamarsa.
Saduwar jan, kamar sauran nau'in halittar halittar ainihin ta dabbobi, ita kanta tsuntsuwa ce mai girman kai da jan hankali. A cikin jirgin, yana da sauri sosai, amma duk da wannan, a cikin lokacin hutursa, yana ƙaunar kasancewa a nesa mai nisa daga matakin ƙasa na dogon lokaci. Yana da ban sha'awa mu sani cewa tsuntsu na iya yin iyo a sama sama da mintina 15 ba tare da yawun fuka fukafukinsa ba.
Wannan nau'in shaho yana da tunani na musamman. Zasu iya bambance hanyar talakawa daga mafarauta, sabili da haka, a cikin lokuta masu haɗari, ma'anar jan sauƙi yana ɓoye abubuwa masu haɗari.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Red Kite
Sake bugun jan ja, kamar tsuntsayen da yawa, yana farawa ne daga bazara, a watan Maris ko Afrilu. An dauke su a matsayin mai aure, ɗayan dalilai don yin imani da haka shine gaskiyar cewa jan ƙirar yana da alaƙa da wurin zama, inda shi da kansa aka haife shi sau ɗaya. Tsuntsayen da gaske suna son ci gaba da zaɓar wuri guda tare da abokan aikinsu kowane lokaci don farawa.
Yawancin lokaci tsuntsaye suna yin al'ada wacce ke taimakawa zaɓi biyu. Ba a sake yin murɗa ko ja ba. Namiji da mace suna tashi da sauri a junansu kuma a lokacinsu na qarshe sai su katse hanyar. Wasu lokuta zasu iya juya tsawon lokaci, suna taɓa juna, daga gefe kuna iya tunanin cewa wannan faɗa ne.
Bayan wasannin mating, iyaye na gaba suna tsunduma cikin shirya gida, suna zaɓar dogayen rassan bishiyoyi don shi, ya kai mita 12-20. Kayan sun bushe twigs, ciyawa, da 'yan kwanaki kafin masonry - an rufe shi da ulu tumaki a saman. Wani lokacin sukan zabi buzu-buzu ko ɓarna. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine cewa ana amfani da soket iri ɗaya a kowane lokaci.
A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 1 zuwa 4, launin da yake farar fata tare da fasalin wakilcin tsokoki masu launin ja. Yawancin lokaci ana haɓaka zuriya ɗaya a kowace shekara. Ya sanya tsawon kwanaki 37-38. Kusan a duk lokacin da kyanwa ke faruwa, mace ba ta barin gida, kuma namiji yana samun ta da kanta, kuma daga baya zuriyarta, haka nan. Kuma a lõkacin da kajin sun riga makonni biyu da haihuwa, to, mahaifiyar tashi zuwa forage. Abin mamaki, kajin suna da kaunar juna. Yaran sun fara tashi cikin kwanaki 48-60, kuma gaba daya sun bar iyayensu a cikin makonni 2-3 bayan tashi na farko. Kuma tuni cikin shekaru 2 na rayuwarsu zasu iya haifan zuriyarsu da kansu.
Abokan halitta na jan kati
Hoto: Red Kite
Abun mamaki shine, irin wannan tsuntsu mai karfi da karfi wanda yake da karfi yana da abokan gaba da yawa wadanda suke haifar da matsala mai yawa ga ci gaban al'umma.
Blackan fararen baƙar fata ya kori tsuntsu, wanda ke nufin cewa feathery ɗinmu yana da abokin gaba wanda ke neman irin wannan abincin kuma ya sami wuri, yana hana shi zaune cikin natsuwa. Kamar yadda muka rigaya mun sani, jan sifi yana son gida a cikin wannan yanki, inda yake tashi bayan wannan duk shekara.
Babban makiyinsu shine mutum. Abin nufi anan shine ba kawai farautar wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu ba, harma yana kawo cikas ga zaman lafiya a yankin da ake amfani da tsuntsayen. Yawancin tsuntsaye sun mutu akan layin watsa wutar lantarki mai yawa. Abubuwan haɗuwa da aka yi amfani da su azaman kwari, acaricides, defol omi suma suna yin lahani da yawa, mahaɗan ƙwayoyin cuta ana amfani da su ga waɗannan mahadi. Sinadaran Chlorine, wadanda akasari aka yi amfani dasu azaman magungunan kashe qwari kuma ana amfani da su azaman kwari, kuma suna da matukar illa. Waɗannan sinadarai waɗanda suke da amfani a cikin gida suna taimaka wa mutum, amma a lokaci guda suna da guba da mutuwa ga dabbobi da yawa, gami da jan ja.
Hakanan, hadadden tsuntsayen sun lalace ta hanyar launin toka, martens da weasels, wanda kuma ke hana kiyayewa da haɓakar jama'a.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Red Kite
Idan zamuyi magana game da yawan ja, to, abin takaici, lambarta ta ragu sosai. Yanzu yana da nau'i-nau'i daga 19 zuwa 37 nau'i-nau'i. Tabbas, jagoran aikin irin wannan cutar yana dauke da ayyukan mutumin da ke jiran kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki tare da bindiga a nan. Tabbas, menene zai zama abin mamaki, saboda mafi karfi, mara amfani kuma mafi kyawun tsuntsu, mafi girman sha'awar kama, kashe, ko mafi muni - sannan ku sanya dabba mai kaya a matsayin mai riƙewa, kamar yadda mafarautan farauta suke son yin. Amma bindiga ba ya ƙare a wurin.
Yawan mutane yana haɓaka kowace shekara, kuma tare da su an rage yanayin zama na ja ƙulli. Sakamakon aikin fadada aikin gona, yana da wahala wa annan tsuntsaye su fara sheka, saboda sun saba da wuri guda. Koyaya, ba duk abin da yake baƙin ciki ba, abubuwa suna tafiya a cikin tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Turai kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, alƙalumman suna murmurewa kaɗan. Amma, hakika, wannan bai isa ba, baza su iya rayuwa ba tare da kariya ta mutum da taimako ba. Amma tsuntsu, bayan duk, yana da muhimmiyar haɗi a cikin sarkar abinci. Dole ne mutum yayi ƙoƙari sosai don ƙin keta dokokin halitta, dukkan abubuwa masu rai suna da alaƙa, da yawa wasu na iya shan wahala daga halakar jinsin guda.
Red kite kiyayewa
Hoto: Red Kite
Idan muna magana ne game da kariyar jan buro, to da farko dole ne mu lura cewa ba ko'ina ko'ina yawan jama'a yana fuskantar raguwar lambobi sosai ba. A wasu wuraren, ba ta juyawa ba, amma har yanzu tana buƙatar tabbataccen kariya da taimako daga mutum.
Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, an maye gurbin nau'in ta hanyar baƙar fata, wanda shine ɗayan manyan kuma manyan dalilai. Red Kite yana da matsayi a cikin Littafin Lissafi, wanda ke nuna cewa tsuntsu na cikin haɗari. Ana magana da shi a matsayin ɗan da ba a taɓa samun irin wannan taimako wanda ake haskakawa game da ƙarshen yarjejeniya tsakanin wasu ƙasashe kan kare tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, da ƙuntatawa akan aikin gona, da iyakancewar yankin da itacen ya faɗi.
Red Kite, ba shakka, an haɗa shi a cikin littafin Red na Tarayyar Rasha, kuma an kammala yarjejeniya game da kare waɗannan tsuntsayen tsakanin Rasha da Indiya. An lasafta tsuntsayen kamar tsuntsayen da ba a taɓa gani ba a yankin Baltic, Shafi na 2 na Babban Taron Bonn, Shafi na 2 na Taron Berne, Shafi na 2 na CITES. Hakanan, a gabaɗaya, duk wani aikin ɗan adam mai cutarwa yayin da ake fara wasan jan jan yana dakatarwa. Wadannan da wasu matakan suna taimakawa yawan ba kawai su rayu ba, har ma suna kara adadin su, saboda hakan kadai zai iya kubutar da jinsin daga rugujewa.
Red buga - tsuntsu mai ban mamaki kuma na musamman. Bayaninta na zahiri yana mamakin duk masu binciken na fauna. Tsuntsu yana da juriya da ban mamaki da iyawar ɗan farauta, duk da haka, duk da wannan, lambar sa a yanayi har yanzu tana raguwa. Ya kamata mu mai da hankali tare da sanya ido kan yawan ire-iren wannan nau'in a kalla a kasar mu. Kar ku manta cewa duk abin da ya shafi halitta yana da alaƙa.