Aladu manoma basu saba da irin nau'in Mangalitsa na kasar Hungary da yawa sun rasa mai yawa ba. Idan ka yi girma ga nama don nama, za su fi sauran aladu, saboda ƙimar nauyi mai kyau, yanayin rashin ma'ana, mai iko.
Fasali na irin Mangalitsa mai asali
Bude ɗan ƙasar Hungary mangalitsa wuya a rikice da wani. Dogaro mai tsayi da gashi yana rufe jiki da iko, kamar ɗan rago. Saboda sun haye daji da alade na gida, sai kiwo ya zama ya zama mai wahala.
Zasu iya hunturu a cikin iska a cikin matsanancin sanyi. Dabbobi suna ciyar da kayan abinci gaba ɗaya: ciyawar mowed, Tushen, itacen oak, kifi, katantanwa, kowane kayan lambu, peke kabewa.
Ta hanyar launi, gashi ya kasu kashi biyu: fari, ja, baƙi, brazier hade. Daga cikin su, mafi yawan adadin yana dauke da wakilan farin launi.
Red da baƙon ƙananan suna kan gab da ƙarewa. Al'ummomin da suka ba da agaji suna kokarin haɓaka nau'ikan halittu domin ƙara su. Saboda haka, sayarwarsu haramunne.
A cikin hoto, alade ta haifar da mangalitsa na Hungaria
Idan zamuyi magana akai nama daga cikin Hongariyanci brazier, sannan yayi nasara akan samfuran aladu masu sauki. Ya kasance ga rukunin "dadi". Yarda da nama musamman m, m, saboda abun ciki na bakin ciki yadudduka na mai, ko da a cikinlo.
Lokacin dafa abinci, yana narkewa, wanda ke bayani game da tsarinta mai laushi da m. Game da dandano, nama ba wai kawai dandano ne na musamman ba, har ma yana da abinci, domin ba ya dauke da cholesterol. Ana sarrafa shi kuma yana ɗauka ta jiki sauƙi, saboda abubuwan abubuwa masu amfani.
An yi amfani da nama tare da irin waɗannan halaye a cikin shiri na "Mutanen jamon na Spain". Kudin samfurin a cikin babban birnin Rasha an kiyasta sun kai 16,800 rubles a kowace kilogiram, amma kuna iya samun sa a cikin shagunan mutum.
Bayanin irin mangalitsa mai asali
Dangane da siffofin waje aladu mangalitsa tantance ƙarfi, ƙarfi, lafiya, ingantaccen aiki. A hoto mangalitsa na bakin ruwa wanda aka nuna a cikin hunturu, lokacin da gashinta yayi tsawo da curly.
A lokacin rani, ya zama ya fi guntu kuma ya daidaita. Har ila yau launin launi yana canzawa tare da farkon bazara - ya zama launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Duk saboda fata tayi duhu. A lokacin rani, a bayyane yake a ƙarƙashin madaidaiciya gashi, Da alama cewa an sami canjin launi. Shedding a karkashin sharadi gwargwado yana faruwa a lokacin bazara. Tare da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, mai sauyawa na ulu yana jinkiri.
Idan alade mai launin gashi mai haɗuwa ya hadu da lokacin bazara, wannan shine ɗan debewarsa, amma ba ƙari ba. Wannan shine mafi kyawun fasalin jinsin tsinkayen halitta. Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan nau'in Hongeriyanci kasa brazieramma dukansu suna cikin farin brazier.
Dangane da halayen murfin, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa dabbobi masu wuya. Game da Kayan aiki Mangalit Harshen Harshen za a iya yin hukunci da karfi jiki. Madaidaiciya har ma da baya yana nuna kyakkyawan haɓaka, kwarangwal mai ƙarfi, tare da matsakaici matsakaici.
Samfurorun mutane na zamani a matsakaicin nauyinsu ya kai kimanin kilogram 160 a matsakaici, masu shekaru biyu masu nauyin 300. Bayani na kan kai dan kadan ne, girmansa kuma matsakaici ne. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, kafaɗa madaidaiciya.
A halayyar mallakar da purebred irin sune kunnuwa. Siffar su tana madaidaiciya, amma dan kadan ƙasa. Wani abin da ake bukata na kamannin kunnuwa wani yanki ne na baki a tsakiyar, kusa da kai. Ana kiranta "Wellman Spot" na karamin diamita na kusan 3-5 cm.
Wasu bayanai wadanda suka kasance kawai ga dabbobi masu tsabta ne. Waɗannan sassan jiki ne da aka fentin baƙi ko launi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kan nonon alade, wutsiya daga ciki, ƙugiya, faci, idanu, baki, gashin idanu.
Yawan haihuwa dabbar fasalin biyu halaye ne na mashaya da ƙarancinsa. Ba za su iya samun fiye da yara 6 a cikin shekarar farko da 10 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ba, kamar dai ba masu ilimin kimiyya ke fama da wannan matsalar ba. Karo na biyu shine ƙarancin ƙwayar madara, amma an sha bambam a kan juna. Wanne ya sa ya yiwu a ciyar da dukkan alamu baki ɗaya.
Kulawa da kuma kula da mangalitsa na Hungary
- Yi wuri don hunturu da kuma lokacin rani aladu mangalitsa. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da mai tara ruwa domin dabbobin su sha wahala daga tururin fitsari. Kodayake, suna iya hunturu akan titi, amma yanayi mai kyau zai kara yawan aiki.
- Zaɓi dandamali mai tafiya. Ruwan wanka yana ƙarfafa ƙarfi, haɓaka haɓaka. Rashin kasancewar su yana haifar da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta. Idan kun daidaita da masu ciyar da abinci yayin tafiya, mangalitsa zai iya yin nasara. Wannan zai kubutar da masu daga tsaftacewa mara amfani.
- Kowane wata yana lalata alade.
- Don shigar dabbobi a cikin iska a cikin hunturu don dalilai na hana idan suna zaune a gida. Aladu za su rabu da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka mutu a yanayin zafi-ƙirin.
- Kula da yanayin zafi, yanayin shine 70%.
- Fice da abubuwan zane, dampness a cikin dakin.
- Tsaftace kayan haɗin abinci bayan kowace ciyarwa.
- A cikin tsari a kan kari, kodayake manoma na ƙwararrun masanan sun yi la’akari da zaɓin hanya. Tun da irin ne resistant zuwa cuta.
- Yayi Castrate yana dan shekara 30 idan boars ya girma saboda nama, man alade. Samfurin ƙarshe zai kawar da wari mara kyau.
- Kuna iya siyar da dabbobi matasa sama da wata 1, lokacin da ya sauya gaba daya zuwa ciyar da kansu.
Lura da abinci:
- manya suna ciyar da sau uku a rana, idan suna gida,
- kananan aladu har zuwa watanni 3 - 5,
- matasa dabbobi har zuwa watanni 5 - 4.
Ciyar da jariri:
- na wasu ranaku (kwanaki 3) da jariri ya ci colostrum na mahaifiya,
- saba da ruwa bayan kwana 3 na rayuwa,
- abinci (a ranar 5) tare da kayan haɓaka ma'adinai, mai madara saniya a cikin nau'ikan diluted,
- a ranar 7th, gabatar da hatsi na ruwa, hay daga wake, ci abinci, yumɓu ja, gishiri,
- ciyawar ciyawa a cikin hanyar nettle, abincin Clover bayan kwanaki 15,
- yana dan shekara 1, alatun ya fara cinye kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kanshi. A wannan zamani, bandeji na jariran sun bace, dole ne a yaye su daga uwa.
Zai dace a ɗauki bayanin kula ga manoma alade na novice, don gabatar da duka kayan kara a cikin ƙananan allurai. Dabbobin da suka manyanta suna da komai, suna murna da cin ragaggun daga amfanin gona da aka girbe, suna cin ciyawa, suna sake dawowa kansu da itacen ɓaure, kuma basa ƙin algae. Kar ku manta cewa kayan abinci masu mahimmanci, ma'adinai, bitamin suma suna wajaba a gare su.
Piglets suna son karas mai dadi, beets, ɓangaren litattafan almara, dankali mai tsabta. Ba sharri sun jimre wa masara ba. Amma babban yanayin don daidai abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da ke cikin 'yan ƙasar Hungary, shine gaban tafki.
Farashi da sake dubawa
Piglets man na Hangari ya tono da babban awo a Austria da Hungary. Sayar da mangalitsa na Hamben da kuma fitarwa daga kasashe haramun ne. Amma saboda wasu dalilai, har yanzu suna kan kasuwar gida, kuma sayi mangalitsa mai ratayewa har yanzu yayi nasara.
Idan kuka kalli shafukan yanar gizon, zaku iya samun manoma aladu da yawa da ke ba da talla don sayar da sanannen sanannu a cikin ƙanananan dabbobi ko nama. Farashin brazier na Hungary mutum ɗaya yana da shekara 1 wata ya bambanta daga 15 dubu rubles da sama.
Kuna iya ji da yawa sake dubawa naHarshen Hongariyanci. Kabilan sun sami cikakkiyar nazarin halaye na su. An yi imani cewa yana da sauƙin ɗauka da sanannun irin, suna da ƙima a cikin abinci, yanayin tsarewa. A cewar su, idan ka samar da irin wannan a matsayin kasuwanci, to wannan shine sa hannun jari. Amma tunda tsararrakin dabbobi masu wuya basa nan, zaka iya siyan matasan.
Bambanci shine kamar haka: ya kamata a yi wa yarinyar girma har sai wata ɗaya, sannan launin ya canza. Wani fasalin na kirki shine farkon farrow zuwa 6 piglets, na biyu zuwa 10. Idan ƙari, to, matasan.
Dabbobi suna samun nauyi mai kyau kawai akan makiyaya har zuwa kilogiram 200 a cikin watanni 14, amma idan kun haɗa da dankali, masara, sha'ir a cikin abincin, hanyar zata hanzarta, kuma za'a iya samun wannan nauyin a watanni shida na haihuwa.
Wani saurin yanayi a yankuna namu na da bukata, don haka babu matsaloli tare da aiwatarwa. Saboda haka ribar. Shawara daga manoma mai ƙwarewa shine siyan matasa a cikin gonakin da aka tabbatar, tare da sake dubawa da iko.
Bayyanar
Mangalica aladu sun shahara saboda bayyanar su ta asali. Babban mahimmancin wannan nau'in shine kasancewar ulu da abin da ake kira "Wellman tabo" tare da diamita na kusan 5-6 cm, wanda ke gefen kunne na dama.
Shuka da sabon ɗan aladu mai shayarwa na mangalitsa na Hungaria
An gundura su da wucin gadi a shekarar 1833 ta hanyar wuce gona da iri da shuka iri. Saboda wannan, mangalitsa na alade ke haifar da haɓaka juriya ga yanayin yanayi mai ƙarfi, saurin nauyi da ƙarfi.
Wakilan nau'ikan suna da matsakaicin girman jiki da kuma ƙaƙƙarfan iko. Isticwararren halayyar mangalits shine ikon canza launi da launi dangane da yanayin kiyayewa da ciyarwa. Launin gashin kai na iya bambanta daga dusar ƙanƙara-fari zuwa launin toka da shuɗi. Fata na shuka da boars yana da kyau launi, yana da launi mara duhu. Plesan kan nonon jikin baƙi ne ko launin toka.
Makonni 1-2 bayan sayan sufuri da sufuri zuwa sabon wuri, ana iya jaddada damuwa, saboda haka launinta zai yi fari. Bayan dabba ta saba da saba, launi zai yi duhu sosai.
A tsawon shekara, bayyanar suturar na iya canzawa - a cikin aladu na hunturu suna gurnani da gashi mai dumin yawa, kuma zubar don bazara, yana barin ɗan gajeren kuma mai kauri. A cikin watannin masu ɗumi, dabbar tana da launi mai duhu kuma mai cikakken launi. Game da batun ciyar da ita, ko kulawa da kyau, aiwatar da molting na iya ja na dogon lokaci.
Mangalitsa na kasar Hungary a lokacin bazara
Gashin brazi yana daidai da girman jiki, kuma ƙwanƙwarin hancin yana lanƙwasawa sama sama. Ya kamata a juya dan kadan, ko madaidaiciya. Auricles na matsakaici size, jingina gaba. Siffar halayyar daskararre ne mai murfi-baƙar fata, gashin ido da gashin ido, da kuma farin farin gurnani na bakin wutsiya. Shuka ya kamata ba su da fiye da nono 10.
Sharuɗɗa don kiwo:
- Yayi kauri, kauri, ko yadin da aka makala,
- Pink ko fatar fata a ciki
- Rashin Hasken Wellman
- Gashi mai duhu akan kunnuwa,
- Farar fata akan ulu.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan launuka guda huɗu don aladu 'yan ƙasar Hungary: fari, baƙi, ja da gauraye. Mafi na kowa shine farin launi na gashi, da ja da gauraye ba su da shahara sosai tsakanin masu shayar dabbobi. Blackanyen kiɗa na baƙe yana da ɗan wahalar gaske a cikin gidan kuma kusan ya shuɗe.
Mangalitsa ja mai launi
Halayen halaye
Wadannan dabbobin suna da matukar ƙarfi kuma basu da damuwa ga yanayin mummunan yanayi. Matsakaicin nauyi wanda boar ya kai tsawon rayuwa zai iya zama kilogiram 250-270. Shuka suna da ƙananan girma da nauyi; nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 230-250.
Don boar ya sami babbar ƙwayar tsoka da mai mai yawa, dole ne a jefa shi cikin watanni 1-2 bayan haihuwa.
Wani amfani da ba makawa shi ne riba mai sauri tare da ƙarancin abinci. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, aladu na shayin brazier na iya samun kilogiram 17 zuwa 170 na nauyin rai.
Shuka da tsiran alade na mangalitsa na Hungary
An dauki naman wakilan wakokin brazier yana da matukar mahimmanci, mai sauƙin digestible a jiki kuma yana da kyakkyawan dandano. An rarrabe ta taushi da nutsuwa ta musamman, kuma tayi kama da marmara.
Hanya mafi kyau don girbi naman mangalits shine bushewa. A cikin aiwatar da dafa abinci, ya zama ainihin kayan ƙoshin gaske.
Godiya ga dogayen sutturar shuka da boars, ana iya ajiye su a duk shekara. Basu kula da yanayin zafin jiki da kowane yanayi.
Saboda kasancewar ulu a cikin Mangalits, ana iya kiyaye su duk shekara zagaye a buɗe a alƙalami
Idan aladu suna zaune a gida koyaushe, to, ashinsu baya girma.
Siffofin Ciyar
Ciyar da Adult
Irin aladu shine mangalits na ƙasar Hungary. Jerin abincin da suka fi so sun haɗa da kabewa, ƙwayar gwoza, dankali, masara, amma suna iya cin kowane tsiro. Ba su da ma'ana sosai, saboda haka abincin abincinsu zai iya zama sharar gida, tushen, ciyawa, ciyawa, reza har ma da alkama. Don dabba ta kasance lafiya, yakamata a ba shi daidaituwa tare da wadatar da shi tare da ma'adanai da abincin bitamin: amfanin gona, bagasse, dankali, beets na abinci, hatsi da kayan kiwo.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a shawo kan dabba, daga wannan ma yana iya yin rashin lafiya har ya mutu da wuri. Babban fa'idodin braziers shine babban nauyin yau da kullun - 600-700 grams, koda tare da abinci mai ƙima.
Piglet ciyar
Bayan sati daya, zaku iya fara ciyar da jarirai aladu na brazier tare da tarkace ruwan sha, ko gasasshen sha'ir. A matsayin ƙarin tushen ma'adanai, zaku iya ba da gishiri mai laushi, abincin kashi, alli, ko yumɓin ja. Za a iya canjawa da matasa dabbobi zuwa abinci mai tsawan wata guda bayan haihuwa. Wararrun masu shayarwa sun ba da shawarar dakatar da ponytails. Kuna iya fara siyarwa nan da nan bayan aladu na mangalitsy alamu na Hungary don canza abincin succulent.
An ba da shawarar cewa piglet na manganese na Hungary ba su dakatar da wutsiyar ba
Dokoki don ingantaccen tsarin noman
- Bayar da dabbobi da wurin yawo mai yawa da kuma yiwuwar kiwo kyauta - su da kansu zasu sami abinci,
- Abincin abinci mai gina jiki, bitamin da ma'adinai,
- Da'ira inda aladu na iya ɓoyewa daga ruwan sama ko iska
- Rarraba ruwa mai tsafta,
- Sauya datti mai datti da mai tsabta.
Nau'in Abun ciki
Nau'in Abun ciki | An rufe | Bude | Cakuda |
---|---|---|---|
Bayanin | Dabbobi suna cikin alade duk shekara ba tare da yiwuwar tafiya ba | Mangalits suna tafiya ko'ina cikin filin ba tare da yardar kansu ba, su da kansu suna samun abincinsu, kuma idan mummunan yanayi suna da kansu sukan tafi zuwa ga corral | A cikin hunturu, aladu suna cikin alkalami. Kuma a lokacin rani - kewayon-kyauta |
Abvantbuwan amfãni | Ikon sarrafa dabbobi | Yanayin yanayi na rayuwar dabbobi, dabbobin za su yi ƙarfi da lafiya. | Kyakkyawan nau'in kiyayewa wanda dabbobi ke cikin yanayi mai kusanci |
rashin daidaituwa | Yawan cinikin kisan kai zai zama mai 90% mai | Bukatar a hankali kula da lafiyar lafiyar aladu, a kai a kai ku ciyar da su | A'a |
Tare da budewa da gauraye nau'in kiyayewa, ya zama dole don samar wa dabbobin da wasu hay, ko bambaro, inda zasu ɓoye daga yanayin.
Ciki da haihuwa
'Ya'yan alade na shaƙatar shaƙatawa sun zama masu balaga da jima'i kuma sun dace da haifan' ya'ya tun yana ɗan wata biyar. Amma a wannan lokacin, jikin aladu har yanzu ya kasance mai rauni, ya rasa isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki, bitamin da ma'adanai.
Ana rarrabe 'yan' yan Hungary masu saukar ungulu da baƙonsu na musamman.
An ba da shawarar faruwa dabba wanda ya kai shekara guda da haihuwa kuma a wannan lokacin ya sami damar cin nauyin kilogiram 100 na rayuwa mai nauyi. Sai kawai a wannan yanayin da shuka zai iya yin haihuwa da haihuwar lafiya zuriya. Kasar Hungary mangalitsa estrus na faruwa ne kimanin lokaci 1 a kowane wata.Kimanin kwanaki 5 bayan da aka yaye 'yan kuɗin ke nan, sai ta sake yin tafiya.
Piglet na nau'in mangalits na Hongeriyanci a lokacin haihuwa suna da launin launi
Ciki a cikin aladu yana da kusan kwanaki 110-120, farjining na iya faruwa ba tare da tsangwama ba daga waje. Ana rarrabe 'yan' yan Hungary masu saukar ungulu da baƙonsu na musamman. A lokacin farrow na farko, ya zauna cikin mahaifa ya ba da fiye da 6-7 piglets, duk da haka, duk lokuta masu zuwa adadin su yana ƙaruwa zuwa 10-14 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya. Piglets na brazier irin an haife su ne, kuma a sayo launin da aka saba da irin wannan.
A Wellbred boar da shuka ba zai iya zama tare da wakilan wasu breeds, wannan muhimmanci illa ga su haihuwa halaye.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na irin
Ab Adbuwan amfãni daga cikin irin:
- Dorewa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi
- Yiwuwar kasancewa a waje
- Rashin daidaituwa a abinci,
- Costsarancin ciyarwa
- Saurin nauyi mai nauyi - na rabin shekara har zuwa kilogram 150
- Kyakkyawan nama da dandano na musamman,
- Balaga da wuri
- Babban fecundity.
Rashin dacewar nau'in:
- Karancin 'yan ƙasar Hungary ba kasafai ba ne,
- Farashin wando biyu ya fara daga dubu 15,
- Idan an shayar da su, za su iya mutuwa.
Iri-iri daban-daban
An samar da irin wannan hukuma bisa ga nau'ikan 4.
Dabbobi suna bambanta da launi da nauyi:
- Walira. Masu kiwo sun ketare farin brazier da kuma sirmium irin. Aladu suna da launi mai hade. Baya da bangarorin an cakuɗe cikin baƙi. Fari mai launin shuɗi ya zana jajayen daga ƙasa da ciki, a wasu halayen akwai launin shuɗi ko launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Dabbobin an yi su a kudu na Croatia. Dangane da bayanin masu shayarwa, a ƙarni da suka gabata, haɗiye shi ne shugaba a cikin nauyi idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, yana da launin baƙar fata. A halin yanzu, girman yana daidai da fararen fararen fata, an canza inuwa da sutura. Tsakanin nau'ikan 'yan ƙasar Hungary, haɗiye shi ne mafi yawan Hardy.
- Farar fata Brazier - buga cikin buƙata. Launi mai launin fari ne (a zahiri launin toka, rawaya, rawaya-ja). Hue ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa da kulawa.
- Red brazier bred a wurare kusa da Romania. Masu shayarwa sunyi amfani da farin brazier kuma mafi tsufa daga cikin 'yan kasar Hungary da ake kira Szalontai don tsallake-tsallake. Babban nau'ikan a tsakanin ƙananan hukumomi ya juya. Launin bristles mai duhu ne ja.
- Black brazier la'akari da wani nau'in haɗari. Launi na baki ne.
Ya haɗu da kowane nau'in ulu mai launin gashi, launin baƙar fata na ramuka na halitta, ƙananan ɓangaren wutsiya, faci, ƙugiyoyi, ƙyallen ƙwaya, tabo na Velman a ƙarƙashin kunne.
Babban halaye
Za mu gaya muku game da fa'ida da fa'idar irin wannan dalla-dalla a cikin labarin kuma mu fara da manyan halaye:
Matsayi | Halin hali |
Dabba | Alade |
Kiwo | Mangalitsa (Mangalit) |
Nau'in samarwa | M |
Yawan nauyin manya | Aladu matsakaita na kilogiram 160-200, boar - 250-300 kg (matsakaicin nauyi ya kai kilogiram 450-500) |
Balaga da aladu | 10-12 watanni |
Yawancin ciki | 4-5 piglets a cikin farrow na 1, tare da m - har zuwa 9 |
Iri-iri daban-daban | Fari, ja, hadiye |
Dace | Farar fata: launin toka (mai ruwan hoda), ja: duhu mai haske (m-mai ruwan haske), haɗiye: haɗuwa (baki tare da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi) |
Saitin nauyi a cikin shekaru 1 shekara | 140-170 kg (ya dogara da abincin) |
Ribar yau da kullun | Har zuwa 800 g (bayan watanni 6) |
Nama mai inganci | Sosai sosai ("marmara" alade) |
Fatarar Subcutaneous | Har zuwa 5 cm (har tsawon watanni 8), kimanin 10 cm (a shekara) |
Juriya cuta | Babban rigakafi |
Rajista a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha | Ba a hada shi ba |
Farar fata Braziers
Sun bambance farin mangalitsa na Hongari da launi. Haɓaka dabba dabba matsakaici, kwarangwal yana da ƙarfi. Fata yana da launi, yana da launin toka-mai launin toka-mai-launi.
Farar fata Brazier
Bristles suna da tsawo, kauri da kauri. A cikin bazara, tare da ingantaccen kulawa, molting yana farawa. Kofin bazara yana da wuya kuma gajeru.Mabudin launuka a bayyane suke, sun bayar da inuwa mai launin shuɗi-mai-haske. Kafafu sun yi ƙasa, ciki dole ne babba.
Abubuwan buɗewa na halitta, kan nono da hooves na launi na ƙasa.Kunnuwa suna sa ido kuma suna matsakaici a girma. Lumshe ido, ido da idanu suna da tinkirin ƙasa. Pyatak upturned, matsakaici shugaban girma. An rarraba kan cinya goma a kan bangarorin ciki a cikin layuka biyu. A baya ne concave ko madaidaiciya. Balaga da balaga ta jiki na samari suna faruwa ne a watanni 10-12.
Asalin tarihi
Mangalits an buge su a cikin Hungary kusa da tsakiyar karni na 19 a sakamakon tsallaka Bahar Rum, asalinsa Serbian, ya haifar da Sumadia tare da gida, rabin-daji (a wancan lokacin wani yanki) yana zaune a cikin Carpathians, nau'in aladu. An gudanar da zaɓin zaɓi tun daga 1830 a kan gonar Archduke Joseph, wanda ya ƙaddamar da aikin samun dabbobi masu haɓaka - haɓaka da sauri kuma yana samun dumbin yawa, yayin da ya dace da yanayin yanayi mai wahala da kuma rigakafi ga cututtuka daban-daban.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da jinsi sun kasance masu mahimmanci a cikin sauri, kuma a cikin 1833, an kafa wata doka da ke hana gurnani tsakanin masu lalata da wasu nau'o'in iri. Nama da ciyawar aladu daga ƙasar Hangari, waɗanda manoma ke kiwo da garken makiyaya a cikin ciyawar tuddai, suna da dandano na musamman kuma suna da matuƙar bukatar Turai. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, yawan dabbobin sun faɗi da yawa, kuma aladu masu ban mamaki sun kasance a ƙarshen ƙarewa.
Yanzu, ba kawai dan kasar Hungary ba, har ma da masana Jamus, Amurkawa, Burtaniya da kuma kwararru na Yankin suna daukar nauyin sabunta asalin 'yan asalin. Hakanan ana samun nasarar sarrafa mangalits a cikin gonaki daban-daban waɗanda ke yankuna daban-daban na Rasha, wanda bidiyon da aka sanya a ƙasa ya tabbatar.
Red da baki braziers
'Yan ƙasar Hungary ja da baƙi suna kan gab da karewa. Don sayarwa ga mutane, an haramta irin wannan. Kwararru suna ƙoƙarin ƙara yawan dabbobi masu haɗari. Red da baki irin asali girma girma.
Ana shirya samfuran gargajiya daga nama: lardo, homon, salami. A cikin samfuran da aka gama, cholesterol ya rage kashi 30% cikin ƙasa daga wasu nau'in dabbobi.
Fasali da kuma sigogi na irin
Babban bambancin waje na braziers shine lokacin farin ciki, mai sauƙin taɓawa, dogon gashi, curling a cikin zobba. Akan wannan ana kiransu Hungary lowy, curly ko ma tumaki-alade (naman tunkiya).
A cikin mutane da aka ajiye cikin ingantattun aladu da karɓar ciyarwa mai yawa, an kawar da buƙatar ulu kuma sun zahiri "m", suna kama da aladu na gida na yau da kullun. A karkashin yanayin halitta, ulu ya girma kuma ya yi kauri kafin lokacin hunturu, kuma ana iya ganin molting lokacin bazara. Sannan, ta hanyar ragowar ciyawa a fata na bayan, takamaiman raunin baƙi ana bayyane bayyane, yana nuna dangin wakilan wannan nau'in tare da boars na daji.
Walira
Tsarkin kirki an tabbatar da bayyanar. A baya ne baki da ciki fari. Launin baƙar fata yana nan akan cinya, cinya, ramuka na halitta.
Dabbobi suna da babban matakin hankali. Manoma sun lura cewa bayan tafiya 3 a cikin makiyaya, dabbobin sun sami hanyar komawa ta kansu. Bugu da kari, suna da sauƙin horarwa. Wasu mutane suna ajiye aladu a gida.
Akwai nau'ikan iri
Dangane da launi na sutura (kwat da wando), a yau 3 nau'ikan braziers, wanda aka bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin takardun kiwo kuma ana ɗaukar su tsarkakakkiya. Dukkansu sun sanya launin fatar launin fata, launin toka-baki, da kuma budewar jikin mutum, bututun hanci, idanu, gashin ido da gashin ido, baki, kan nono da kafafan baki.Babban yanayin nuna tsabtataccen aladu na wannan irin shine ake kira "Wellman tabo" (inci 3-5 cm), ana iya ganinsa a kasan kunne.
Da farko, akwai wasu nau'ikan iri, amma baƙar fata, kyarkeci da daji sun kusan rasa kuma a wannan lokacin maidowarsu da alama yana da wahala ko da kwararru.
Yaya za a kula da irin nau'in Hangari?
Mangalits ba su da yawa bukatar a kan yanayin tsare.A lokacin rani, aladu suna sanye da riguna. Zai kiyaye su daga zafin rana.
An aika da dabbar yau da kullun zuwa makiyaya, ba a iyakance kusancin ruwa ba. Tsabta mai tsabta yana son yin iyo. Aladu sukan sha ruwa mai tsabta, saboda haka ana buƙatar canza shi yau da kullun. Ciyarwa ya kamata yalwa. Wuce haddi yana cutarwa ga yawan wuce gona da iri, musamman ci gaban matasa.
A cikin hunturu, suna shirya barga, murjani tare da rufi. Kiyaye dabbobi su bushe, zuriyar dabbobi na canjin lokaci, wanke masu fida tare da kwanukan sha.
Sau 2 a shekara suna ba da magungunan rigakafin cutar ƙwai, helminths. Boars da aka yi niyya don nama ana jefa su akan lokaci. An cire jita-jita don aladu na jarirai saboda kada su cutar da shuka.
Fari
Mafi mashahuri da yaduwa (kusan 80% na jimlar dabbobi) farin brazier shine matsakaici a girma, yana da ƙa'idar kundin tsarin mulki, haske, amma kwarangwal mai ƙarfi (ƙasusuwa).
Duk da sunan, launi na gashi a cikin waɗannan aladu na launin toka ne, launin rawaya har ma da launin rawaya-ja, wanda mafi yawanci ya ƙaddara ta hanyar abinci da ma'adinan da ke cikin ƙasa a cikin ciyawar.
Yadda za a ciyar da mangalitsa na Hongeriyanci?
A lokacin rani, ana ciyar da shanu tare da ciyar da abinci. Suna siyan ta a adadi kaɗan, suna ƙara bitamin, ma'adanai, abubuwan da aka gano. Kowane mai shi yana da gonar inda kayan lambu suke girma. An tsabtace su, an dafa su kafin yin hidima. 'Ya'yan itace masu dacewa, haushi itace, duckweed, ciyawar lambu.
Woolly Piglets Omnivores
A cikin hunturuwakilan irin daga ba su bar masara mai tushe, ciyawa, hay, ƙyallen ƙwaya, bran, sharar abinci. Hakanan zaka iya basu gurasar alkama, offal, bran, ƙasusuwa.
Shawara! Kada a saba wa Piglet saba da abubuwan da aka zaɓa. Da sauri sun saba da shi kuma sun ƙi abinci mai sauƙi har sai sun sami abinci mafi kyau.
Kiwo alade curly alade
Don kiwo yawanci sami takalmi biyu na braziers. Aladu sukan yi nauyi da sauri. A ƙarshen shekara ɗaya sai suka yi aure. A cikin pigsty suna shirya ɗaki don dangin nan gaba. Bayan farrow, an shuka ciyawar tare da yaran. An soke kiwo waje, an sa dabbobi a cikin alkalami.
Haɗin abinci tare da ƙari na premix an ba shi azaman abinci. Watanni 1.5 na farko, matasa suna ciyar da madara uwa. Ciyar da jarirai masu fara ciyarwa bayan kwana 7. Shirya mai ciyarwa daban daga mahaifa, shirya gasasshen sha'ir da daskararren masara.
An gabatar da alli, abincin kashi a cikin abincin. Ana amfani da yumɓun ja kamar ma'adinai. Lokacin da yake wata ɗaya, a haɗa abinci tare da ciyawa, kayan lambu, da hay a cikin abincin. A hankali, matasa mutane sun saba da yawon titin.
Ja
Wani reshe na farin mangalits ya haɗu tare da tsohuwar arianan ƙasar Hungary Szalontai. Dangane da girman kuma nauyi mai nauyi, aladu ja sun fi sauran nau'in halittar zama. Suna kuma samun nauyi da sauri kuma suna da haɓaka mai yawa.
Gashin waɗannan aladu suna da inuwa mai duhu ko inuwa mai haske (wuta).
Kiwon lafiya na kayan abinci na Hangari
Unityarfin rigakafi mai ƙarfi na gado daga magabatan daji. Aladu basa buƙatar alurar riga kafi. Ba a sayar da yara matasa tare da maganin rigakafi ba. Shuka suna kawo aladu kai tsaye kan titi.
Kodayake irin kiwo yana da Hardy, kula kawai zai inganta lafiya. A lokacin farrowing, kula da bushewa a cikin isasshen adadin. Zazzabi na matsakaici kada ya zama ƙasa da +14 ° C. Bayan farrow, an cire zuriyar dabbobi kuma ragowar zai kwashe. A cikin hunturu, alade daga allon zai kare dabbobi daga iska mai sanyi.
Aladu sukan sha wahala daga helminths da lice. Lokaci na shan maganin cututtukan fata zai sa rayuwar garken cikin sauki. Idan kana da wata cuta, sai ka nemi kwararre. Taimako na lokaci zai kiyaye dabbobi matasa lafiya da kasafin ku.
Ka'idojin gado
Ana kwatanta Braziers ta madaidaicin layin baya ko ɗan ƙaramin abu, babban kirji, ƙaramin kai tare da ƙwanƙwasa hancin ɗanɗano zuwa sama da ƙananan sifofin matsakaici waɗanda aka sa ido a gaba. Sashin wutsiyar ya yi kauri, tassel a ƙarshensa fari, kuma baƙi a ciki.
Abubuwan da ba a yarda da su basuna dauke:
- jinsin farar fata a jikin fata (a cikin dukkan nau'ikan),
- alamomi ko tabo a jikin mayafin,
- ruwan hoda kanne
- bakin kwalliya (ko ratsi-rawaya),
- gaba daya fari ko ja ja a ƙarshen wutsiya,
- idanu masu launin ruwan kasa (a cikin jan braziers).
Manya sun kai nauyi a kan matsakaita 160-200 (aladu) da 250-300 kg (boars daji), har zuwa girman kilogram 450-500. Intensarfin girma da nauyi mai nauyi ya ragu, a cikin watanni 6 piglets yayi nauyi kimanin kilogram 60-70 Mutum ba zai iya kiranta da "abin da aka sani ba" da kuma nau'in halittu masu yawa: samari ya girma har zuwa lokacin balaga har ya zuwa watanni 10-12 da farkon farrow shuka ya kawo aladu 4-5, da kuma masu zuwa - 6-9. Balaga ta hanyar halitta ba ta haifar da matsala, tare da saurin kayan mutum, a cewar masu shayar da dabbobi, offspringa arean sunkai 30-40% ƙasa. Koyarwar mahaifa a cikin braziers an nuna karfi sosai, koyaushe akwai wadataccen madara don ciyarwa, suna da hankali game da zuriyarsu: ƙi, watsa, murkushe ko cin abinci ba a lura.
Farrow, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana wucewa lafiya ko da a cikin sararin sama, ba tare da taimakon ƙwararrun dabbobi ba kuma gaba ɗaya babu sa hannun mutum. Kodayake, ana shawarar kyawawan aladu masu juna biyu zuwa yanayin ɗakin tare da zazzabi na akalla 14-15 ℃, yana ba su tsabtaccen ruwa mai bushewa. A lokacin farrowing kuma a cikin kwanaki na farko bayan haihuwar matasa, mace yawanci nuna zalunci zuwa wasu aladu girma da amsa shar'anta wa mutane, saboda haka hankali ya kamata a nuna tare da su.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa lahani
Braziers suna da lahani mara kyau da ba a yarda da su ba.
Wanda ba a so halaye na waje:
- ciki da launi na strawberries,
- rashin alamu,
- Kawa inuwa,
- bakin gashi a kunne
- mayafi ko bakin ciki
- babban saggy ko ƙananan kafaffun kunnuwa.
Abubuwan da ba a yarda da su ba:
- tsotse mai launin fata
- hoofs wanin baƙar fata
- maki mai haske akan kofi ko inuwa mai duhu
- an rufe fatar.
Laifi yana aiki da dukkan ragi.
Shawarwarin ciyarwa da kulawa
An fara yin kiwo a matsayin mai daɗi sosai kuma ya dace da wannan nau'in: da shekaru 7-8 watanni, mumps kara mai kyau Layer na subcutaneous mai (har zuwa 5 cm), a cikin girma aladu ya kai 10 cm. Koyaya, babban sha'awa ga masu amfani shine nama mai ingancin manganese. Sakamakon abinci na halitta da rayuwa mai aiki, an ƙirƙiri yadudduka mai santsi a ciki, waɗanda ke haifar tasirin marbling. Yayin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin sarari mai iyaka (wurin turkewa) da wuce gona da iri, dabbobi da sauri suna “iyo” mai, kuma manyan darajar kayayyakin abincin sun ɓace. Sabili da haka, kiwo su akan sikelin masana'antu a cikin yanayin wuraren kiwo-alade ana ganin bai dace ba.
Abubuwan da ba su da emiarancin kyauta tare da yuwuwar abinci na zahiri a kan wuraren kiwo, zai fi dacewa a wuraren dazuzzuka, makiyaya ta halitta (ciyawa, tushen da 'ya'yan itaciya, ƙananan dabbobi) kuma ana samun wadataccen ruwan sha. Tabbas, samun nauyi akan kiwo yayi saurin jinkiri. Don hanzarta aiwatarwa, masana sun bada shawarar ciyar da aladu tare da hatsi.
Idan babu damar kiwo, abincin raba abinci ya kamata ya ƙunshi 70% daga ciyawa da abinci mai kyau da kuma 30% daga mai da hankaliwanda ya hada da:
- Makukha (sunflower ko waken soya) - 15%,
- alkama na sha'ir - 40%,
- masara - 20%,
- alkama - 10%,
- bran - 10%,
- nama da kashi / abincin kifi - 5%.
A cikin hunturu, ana ciyar da aladu hay da kayan amfanin gona. Tare da irin wannan abincin dabbobin suna samun kilogram 140-170 na nauyin rayuwa a shekara. A kan ka’idar daidaiton kiba mai yawa tare da amfani da hatsi da dankali, mangalits suna girma da sauri (har zuwa 190-200 kilogiram da shekarun watanni 12), amma a lokaci guda rarar mai yana karuwa a cikin yawan mai-nama, kuma yawan amfanin nama da ɗanɗano yana raguwa sosai, an yi asara " marmara "tsari.
'Yan asalin kasar Hungary sun fara kiwon dabbobi, sun fara kiwo dabbobi tun yana da watanni 12-18, suna cin abinci kafin wannan kebantaccen makiyaya. Don samun mai mai yawa a lokacin ƙonawa na rabin-rabin, da farko ana amfani da sha'ir, sai a ƙara masara kuma a matakin karshe ana ba su kawai ko dankali.
A cewar manoma, zuwa babban amfani Braziers sun hada da:
- Rashin kulawa da kulawa. Dukkanin shekara za su iya zama a wuraren buɗa ido tare da wadatar da kansu da abinci. Don lokacin hunturu, yana da kyau a samar musu da matsuguni na wucin gadi a cikin alkalan, ajiye jakar hay ko bambaro a ciki.
- Babu buƙatar ciyarwar tsada.
- Calm yanayi da danniya juriya.
- Babban rigakafi ga cututtuka na yau da kullun na aladu na gida, wanda ke ba ku damar yin ba tare da maganin alurar riga kafi ba da kira da yawa ga likitan dabbobi. Koyaya, ya zama dole don aiwatar da jiyya na yau da kullun tare da wakilai na antiparasitic (daga helminths da parasites na waje).
Mangalits sunyi la'akari sosai alƙawarin dabbobi a Rasha da sauran kasashen bayan Soviet. Aladu na wannan nau'in suna samar da fa'ida mai kyau saboda ƙanƙan farashin su da ƙimar samfuran nama, waɗanda ke kasancewa cikin tsabtace muhalli.
Masu yin kiwo suna yin bita
Nikolay, dan shekara 51, yankin Gomel
Na yi shekaru 5 ina aiki da kwando. Yanzu ina da buri 20. Abincin ba kamar yadda ba a fahimta ba. Ina ciyar da su da kayan abinci da kuma sharar hatsi, Clover, alfalfa, Urushalima artichoke har zuwa watanni 8-10. An samo gawawwakin a kilogiram 100-110, nama, ya tafi kamar wainar abinci mai zafi.
Igor, dan shekara 39, Ternopol
Godiya ga ulu, waɗannan aladu suna da tsayayyar sanyi, masu ƙarfi da ƙamus. Lard da gashi mai naman alade suna da lafiya sosai fiye da sauran nau'ikan gida. Ya ƙunshi ƙarancin cholesterol, da ƙarin acid da ba a gamsar da su ba. Na je don su zuwa Hungary. A can, a gona, na kalli yadda ake kiyaye su. Wadanda ke ciyarwa, a cikin silsilai akan titi - yara maza da mata daban. A brood stock kuma zaune a cikin daji, amma kafin farrowing shuka an housed a cikin gidaje dabam Amma ankara up daga plank frame yi liyi tare da OSB allon. Babban abu shi ne cewa ba tare da dampness da kuma zayyana ba. Ya kasance hunturu kuma, duk da sanyi da ke ƙasa da digiri 30, aladu na kwana uku suna ta motsawa bayan uwayen a farfajiyar. Ta hanyar ciyarwa: faranti da dankalin da aka dafa, wanda muke ba sauran aladu, waɗannan basa cin abinci. Da yardar rai suna cinna kayan lambu (kabeji, beets, kabewa), hay, sha'ir.
Nadezhda, dan shekara 46, Yankin Moscow
Mangalits zuwa farko na sanyi yanayin overgrown da lokacin farin ciki curly gashi kuma ji mai girma ko da a cikin yanayin sanyi. A lokacin rani, ba za ku iya ciyar da su da komai ba (banda shuka), suna ci ciyawa da yawa, kuma a lokacin hunturu hay. Naman alade na kwarai ne - ba za ku iya yanke shi ba, amma ku shimfiɗa a kan gurasa. Nama ɗanɗano shima ya sha bamban domin mafi kyau daga fararen aladu na yau da kullun, har ma da ƙari daga abin da ake siyar a shagunan da kasuwa.
Bidiyo
Masu shayar da dabbobi na Rasha daga yankin Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk da Perm sun ba da labarin abubuwan da suka samu a cikin girma manganese a cikin bidiyon masu zuwa:
Shekaru da yawa ta yi aiki a matsayin editan shirin talabijin tare da manyan masana'antun tsire-tsire na ornamental a Ukraine.A cikin kasar, ta fi son girbin kowane nau'in aikin aikin gona, amma saboda wannan a shirye ta ke don sako sako, gyada, tsunkule, ruwa, ƙulla, bakin ciki, da sauransu.
An sami kuskure? Zaɓi rubutu tare da linzamin kwamfuta ka latsa:
A cikin ƙananan Denmarkanmark, kowane yanki yanki ne mai tsada mai tsada. Sabili da haka, lambu na gida ya saba da girma kayan lambu a cikin buckets, manyan jaka, kumburi kumfa cike da cakuda earthen na musamman. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin agrotechlete suna ba ku damar samun amfanin gona ko da a gida.
Sabbin masu haɓakawa na Amurka shine robot Tertill, wanda ke fitar da kwari a cikin lambu. An ƙirƙira na'urar a ƙarƙashin jagorancin John Downes (mahaliccin mai tsabtace gidan sararin samaniya) kuma yana aiki da kansa a duk yanayin yanayi, yana motsawa ba daidai ba a kan ƙafafun. A lokaci guda, yana yankar dukkan tsirrai a ƙasa 3 cm tare da ginannen trimmer.
An haɓaka aikace-aikacen Android masu sauƙi don taimakawa lambu da kuma lambu. Da farko dai, yana shuka (lunar, fure, da sauransu) kalandarku, mujallu na ɗab'i, tarin tukwici masu amfani. Tare da taimakonsu, zaku iya zaɓar ranar da ta dace da dasa kowace irin shuka, ƙayyade lokacin da za su ɗanɗana da girbi a cikin lokaci.
Ana samun gubobi na halitta a cikin tsire-tsire da yawa, ba banda ba da waɗanda ke girma a cikin lambuna da kayan lambu. Don haka, a cikin kasusuwa na apples, apricots, peach akwai acidc hydrocyanic (cyanide), kuma a cikin fi da kwasfa na solanaceous mara kyau (dankali, eggplant, tumatir) - solanine. Amma kada ku ji tsoro: adadinsu ya yi ƙanana.
Daga tumatir na varietal zaka iya samun '' '' '' '' '' shukaka don shuka a shekara mai zuwa (idan nau'ikan suna son su sosai). Amma ba shi da amfani a yi wannan tare da matasan: za a samu tsaba, amma za su ɗauki kayan gado ba na shuka daga inda aka ɗauke su ba, amma na “magabata” da yawa.
Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin dacewa mafi dacewa don shirya kayan lambu mai girma, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries shine daskarewa. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa daskarewa yana haifar da asarar abinci mai gina jiki da amfani kayyakin abincin shuka. Sakamakon binciken, masanan kimiyya suka gano cewa kusan babu raguwar darajar abinci a lokacin daskarewa.
“Irin sanyi mai iya jurewa” nau'in strawberries strawberries (sau da yawa a 'yar' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'dabi'a ma suna buƙatar tsari a matsayin talakawa iri (musamman a cikin yankunan da akwai wuraren sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi da ke canza yanayin thaws). Duk strawberries suna da asalinsu. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba tare da tsari ba suna daskarewa. Tabbatar da masu siyarwa cewa 'ya'yan itace daji' 'dusar-sanyi ne' ',' 'hunturu-mai sanyi' ', “yana jure sanyi har zuwa −35 ℃”, da sauransu, gurbataccen yanayi ne. Dole ne masu gidan lambu su tuna cewa babu wanda ya sami nasarar canza tsarin tushen strawberries.
Tumatir ba su da kariya ta halitta daga mummunan bazara. Idan marigayi Blight hare-hare, kowane tumatir mutu (da dankali ma), komai abin da aka ce a cikin bayanin iri ("iri dake resistant zuwa marigayi Blight" ne kawai talla ne).
Humus - taki ko dusar tsuntsaye. Sun shirya shi kamar haka: an tara ciyawa a cikin tari ko tari, a cakuda shi da ciyawa, peat da ƙasa. An rufe Burt tare da fim don daidaita yanayin zafin jiki da laima (wannan ya zama dole don ƙara yawan ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta). Takin mai “tsiro” a cikin shekaru 2-5 - ya danganta da yanayin waje da kuma kayan abinci. Abubuwan da aka fitarwa shine sako-sako da yayi kama da mai daɗin daɗaɗɗɗan sabbin ƙasa.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Mangalica na kasar Hungary
Mangalitsa 'dan kasar Hungary da aka sani ga masu shayar da aladu a cikin dabbobin da aka sani da ƙarni da yawa. A karo na farko an ambaci wannan nau'in a cikin 1833, lokacin da ɗan asalin ɗan ƙasar Hungary Josef ya fara cinye aladu na gida da na daji.Sakamakon ya kasance mai ban sha'awa kuma ya fi dacewa don kiwo a zuriya a gida, wanda ya ba da sabon nau'in aladu na gida - mangalitsa na Hungaria.
A wannan nau'in da ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin tsarewa, yana iya cin ciyawa kamar magabatansu na daji kuma a lokaci guda ya ba da abinci mai daɗi sosai. Wani babban amfani mai mahimmanci wanda ya bambanta aladu - ikon yin haƙuri da yanayin canjin sanyi da kuma tsananin sanyi a yanayin waje.
Ina ne Brazier na Hungary yake zama?
HOTO: arianan ƙasar Hungary brayer
A vivo, mangalitsa na Hungary ba ya faruwa a yanayi. Wannan shine nau'in naman alade na musamman. Don adana da kiwo a gida, za a buƙaci mafi ƙarancin yanayi. Ba su buƙatar sito ko ɗaki mai zafi. Godiya ga gashi mai yawa tare da kayan kwalliya, dabbobi suna jure sanyi da sanyi sosai.
Yanayin da ake tilasta wa dabbobi:
- kyauta. Da ake bukata shine a gaban manyan sarari kyauta. Daidai ne, samar da alade yawo a cikin filaye, makiyaya, kwari. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, yana da kyau a shinge dabbobin tare da shinge da tarko waɗanda za su iya tafiya kyauta
- babban adadin hay. A cikin sanyin sanyi, dabbobi suna son su haƙa a cikin hay. Zai fi dacewa, kuna buƙatar kulawa da kasancewar alade tare da murhun buɗe ido,
- babban adadin tsaftataccen ruwa. Mangalitsa na kasar Hungary na da tsari da tsari, sabili da haka yana buƙatar ruwan wanka. A cikin yanayin zafi a lokacin bazara, tana buƙatar sake wa kanta nutsuwa cikin ruwa.
Lokacin da aka ajiye shi cikin buɗaɗɗun ƙorafi ko alƙalami, dole ne a sami alfarwa wacce zaku iya ɓoyewa daga zafin zafin rana a lokacin zafi. Idan aka yi watsi da wannan buƙata, dabba zata iya yin rashin lafiya mai wahala. M gashi yana sa aladu cikin sauƙin jure sanyi da sanyi, amma zafin rana da zafi na iya haifar da zafi.
Me maƙaryacin Hongariyanci ke ci?
Hoto: Mangalitsa alade na Pig
Daya daga cikin manyan fa'idar wannan nau'in ita ce karancin abinci mai gina jiki. Ciyar da aladu ba mai wahala bane, saboda suna samun sauƙin ɗaukar nauyin jiki daga makiyaya mai sauƙi. Hay, ana amfani da nau'in tsiro na daji, kuma tushen ana amfani dashi azaman ciyarwa.
Baya ga wannan, zaka iya amfani da:
- sabo kayan lambu da ganye: dankali, rutabaga, beets, zucchini, da sauransu,
- hatsi da amfanin gona. Mangalits suna matukar son masara, haka ma kayan masara,
- bran ɓangaren litattafan almara
- sharar abinci,
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, apples, pears,
- harbe, Tushen da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire iri iri, musamman daji - itacen oak, nettle, chestnut, da sauransu,
- tattalin bitamin da kuma cakuda cakuda abinci wanda aka tsara musamman don aladu.
Abinda aka fi so daga dabbobi shine cobs na masara. Nau'in nau'in Weedy na farin ciki da ci. A cikin aiwatar da kiwo, frogs, katantanwa, ƙananan layoyi, da tsutsotsi na iya ci. Da ake bukata kan asali don kiwo aladu shine kasancewar tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta a cikin masu sha.
A cikin lokacin dumama, a ƙasashe da yawa inda ake sarrafa ciyawar ƙasar ta Hungary, kawai ana bi don fitar kiwo, inda su da kansu suke murna da yankan ciyawar kusan tsawon ranar. Musamman dabbobi masu kyau suna samun nauyin jiki lokacin da abincinsu ya bambanta, daidaita, wadata tare da bitamin da ma'adanai. A matsayin kayan abinci, ana buƙatar haɗawa da baƙin alli ko yumɓu ja a abinci a cikin adadi kaɗan.
Babu dalilin da ya kamata jariri ya fara cin abincin da manya ke ci. In ba haka ba, suna zama marasa ƙarfi, basa aiki, suna iya samun tsarin narkewar abinci wanda har ma ya mutu. Piglets, waɗanda suke kwanaki 10-14, ana iya gabatar da su cikin abincin da aka soya da sha'ir a hade tare da alli da ƙashin ƙashi, da masara ta sha'ir.
Lokacin da yake wata daya, ana gabatar da abinci a cikin abinci, kuma a lokacin da suka kai shekara daya da rabi ana yaye su daga uwa kuma a hankali ake kara fadada abincin. An yi imanin cewa daga shekaru hudu na aladu tuni ana iya canzawa gabaɗaya zuwa abincin da ya girma ba tare da hani da hani ba.
Bayanin da fasali na irin
Mutum ya fara mallakar aladu, a cewar masana kimiyya, sama da shekaru goma da suka wuce. Wannan ya faru ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a cewar wasu kafofin - a tsohuwar kasar Sin. Kuma mutane sun yi shi ne domin kare kanka da mai-mai-mai-da-gina jiki mai da abinci mai daɗin rai m.
Wadannan abinci masu wadatarwa sun samar wa jikin mutum ba wai kawai ma'adinin ba, bitamin, makamashi mai mahimmanci don rayuwa, amma har ila yau yana da rigakafi daga cututtukan, a matsayin magani.
Sun karfafa zuciya, jijiyoyin jini, sauran gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda. Kuma a halin yanzu, ba nama da man alade ba kawai, amma ciyawa da fata, har da ƙasusuwa na waɗannan dabbobin da aka yiwa tarko, nemo aikace-aikacen su a cikin masana'antu.
A yau, bisa ga ƙididdigar, akwai kusan nau'in nau'in aladu gida guda a cikin duniya. Kuma daga cikinsu, akwai sabon abu da ba na musamman ba. Wadannan sun hada da Mangalitsa na Hangari. Alade Wannan nau'in yana da cikakkiyar yanayin yanayin rayuwa, mai haske, bayyanannen abin tunawa. Kuma a cikin Turai, irin waɗannan aladu a hankali suna lashe zuciyar duk manoma alade kuma suna cikin mafi asali.
Da farko dai, waɗannan aladu sanannen ne, waɗanda suke da nau'in gashi mai gashi mai tsayi, mai kama da kama da astrakhan fur, sutura da ke rufe jikinsu baki ɗaya, wanda suka karɓi lakabi da "aladu na tumaki".
Ana kuma kiran su curly, shaggy, downy da ulu. Wannan fasalin yana ba da damar irin waɗannan dabbobi ba kawai don jin daɗin lokacin sanyi ba kuma sun sami nasarar ɗaukar tushe a cikin ƙasashe masu yanayin canjin yanayi, har ma a lokacin rani hidima mafi kyawun kariya daga kwari masu ɓarna.
Bugu da kari, braziers sananne ne ga asalin inuwar su ta gashi, wacce aka baiwa ikon canza tsarin ayyukanta, bawai kawai ya danganta da yanayin yanayi ba, har ma da shekaru, nau'in abinci, yanayin kula da wadannan dabbobin, har ma da irin kasar da ake ajiye su.
Dukkanin alamu na waje na wannan irin suna a bayyane. a cikin hoto na mangalitsa na Hungary. Inuwa gashi na irin waɗannan aladu na iya zama ja-rawaya kuma ya bambanta zuwa haske, kusan fari. Wakilan wannan nau'in alade na iya zama baƙi, launin toka-mai-launi kuma suna da launi mai haɗaɗɗen (waɗannan ana kiransu haɗiye).
Hakanan, siffofin brazier:
- jiki mai matsakaici, an rufe shi da doguwar kauri, kauri mai kaushi tare da puff,
- ciki mai nauyi
- mai iko a bayyanar, amma in mun gwada da kwarangwal,
- matsakaiciyar matsakaiciyar matsakaici tare da diddige dan kadan ya juya zuwa saman,
- yaduwa tare da kunnuwa-matsakaici
- madaidaiciya baya, layin wanda zai iya gudana cikin nutsuwa,
- wutsiya ta yi kauri tare da farin farin.
Kuma kyautar aladu an ci amanar baki ta hanci da idanu tare da manyan cute duhu cilia, wanda, a haɗe tare da halaye masu ban sha'awa da kuma kwanciyar hankali ga mutum, yana da yawa a tare da su.
Hakanan Mangalitsa na Hangari Yana fasalin fata mai launin duhu, wanda a ƙarƙashin babu wani yanayi na musamman da zai zama ruwan hoda, kamar yadda ƙa'idodi ke buƙata. Nipples, waɗanda yawanci ba su fi goma, baƙi.
Amma daskararrun gashi da tsefe a kunnuwan wannan nau'in suna cikin rukunan flaws. Babban fasalin halayen mutumin tsarkakakku shine kasancewar wurin da ake kira Velman tabo. Wannan alamar a bayan kunne ta bayyana itace sanannen yanki mai launi.
Kiwo da kulawa
Mangalitsa an buge kusan ƙarni biyu da suka gabata a Hungary (kamar yadda sunan ya nuna). Mai shayarwa Yusuf ya tashi neman yanayin aladu na gida wanda zai iya jure sanyi, wanda bashi da ma'ana a cikin kulawa da abinci.
Kuma a sakamakon kokarinsa, ya fito da wani irin kiwo wanda ba shi da tsada sosai, saboda yanayin wakilcin wakilansa da kuma kyawun haƙurin kowane yanayi. Haka kuma, wannan nau'in yana bawa mai shi damar karɓar daga waɗannan dabbobi kyakkyawan ƙwayar nama tare da dandano na musamman, na musamman kuma mai mahimmanci.
Don cika aikin da aka ambata a sama a cikin 1833, Yusufu suka haɗu da boars daji da aladu tare da aladu na Carpathian da Rum, wanda ya ba da sakamako mai ban mamaki.
Daga nan har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe irin mangalitsa na Hangari Ya zama sanannen sanannen a ƙasarsu a Hungary, yana ba da nama wanda ba ya da sinadarin cholesterol kuma jikin ɗan adam yana tsinkayersa.
Harshen Harshen Brazier
Muscleaƙƙarfan ƙwayar tsoka na dabbobi yana jin daɗin daidaituwa na yadudduka mai ƙiba, kuma a cikin jita-jita na dafuwa - ta hanyar juiciness ta musamman. naman Brazier na Hungari, sau da yawa ana hidimtawa da amfani a yawancin menu na manyan gidajen cin abinci. Amma man alade da naman alade na waɗannan aladu suna da yawa a cikin buƙata a baya, kamar yanzu, a kasuwar duniya.
Waɗannan dabbobin gida da gaske ba sa buƙatar kulawa da yawa, kuma wakilan wannan nau'in suna da rashin lafiya mai mahimmanci, ba sa buƙatar alurar riga kafi, wanda ya shafi ba kawai ga waɗanda aka kafa ba, har ma ga matasa.
Amma yanayin halayen irin waɗannan aladu don haihuwarsu, samarwa da karuwar yau da kullun a cikin nama dole ne su cika wasu buƙatu. Kuma kawai sai ya yiwu a sami sakamakon da ake so.
Aladu na wannan irin za'a iya kiyaye su a cikin rufaffiyar hanya, wato, a cikin alkalami da alƙalami. Koyaya, ire-iren halayen su, wato, 'yancin ƙaunar “tumakin alade” ke sa wahalar masu shayar da ita su fito da ita a cikin barga.
Abubuwan da suka yi kama da haka, har ma a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 20, ya zama ɗayan dalilai na raguwa ga shahararrun aladu, wanda ya zama babban dalilin rage raguwar lambobinsu a cikin lokacin da aka nuna.
Kuma a sakamakon haka, irin wannan ya juya a wani matakin ba kawai mai wuya bane, amma kusan ya ɓace. Amma a zamanin yau, da zarar girgiza, bukatar Hongeriyanci kasa brazier sake dawo da saboda sanyi juriya da yawan aiki na irin, mai kyau rigakafi da ƙarfin hali.
Hongeriyanci Downy Mangalica
Ba wai naman alade da man alade kawai na waɗannan aladu ba, amma musamman jerky (jamon) suna cikin buƙatu. Yana da tsada don kula da kayan kwalliya. Wannan yana nuna cewa kiyayewa da kuma kiwon ƙamusn kayan masarufi suna kawo kuɗi mai yawa ga manoma alade na zamani.
Wannan nau'in ya sake zama sanannen shahararsa, ya shahara a duk duniya, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ciki har da cikin sararin sararin samaniya na Rasha, don rashin fassararsa, wanda aka samar da shi sosai ta hanyar tsarin halittar da magabatan daji ke bi.
Koyaya, ya kamata a tuna cewa lokacin da aka sa shi a cikin pigsty, ya kamata a tsabtace wurin turke a kai a kai kuma ya kamata a maye gurbin daskararren dumin ciyayi, wanda yake wajibi a cikin alkalami. Kuma zazzabi a cikin dakin ajiye dabbobi a cikin hunturu kada ya faɗi ƙasa 15 ° C.
Hakanan za'a iya farauta kiwo a hanya ta bude. Wato, tare da irin wannan abun ciki, dabbobin suna yawan kiwo akai-akai, kuma ana tura su cikin mafaka ne kawai a lokacin mummunan yanayi. A kwana mai zafi, ana buƙatar shafunan rana.
Kasancewa a cikin makiyaya ta kyauta, mangalits tare da jin daɗin ci kawai ba ciyawa da itacen oyu bane, waɗanda ƙaunatattun aladu suke ƙauna, amma har da algae waɗanda suke da amfani ga ƙwayoyin halittun su, waɗanda ke da matukar muhimmanci.
Namiji dan kasar Hungary
A ƙasarsu a Hungary, ana jefa waɗannan aladu yawanci a makiyaya mai kyau a cikin kullun, inda a lokacin bazara galibi suna da isasshen makiyaya da sharar abinci. Suna farin cikin yin amfani da ciyawar koda.
Cakuda abun ciki shima ya zama ruwan dare. Wannan yana nuna cewa aladu suna cikin makiyaya a lokacin rani, a cikin hunturu ana tura su zuwa cikin ɗaki na musamman da aka shirya.
Yana da kyau a haɗu da yankakken alli da yumɓun ja a cikin abincinsu, la'akari da cewa abincinsu ya zama mai arziki a cikin kayan lambu da bitamin. Tare da ciyarwar da ta dace, ci gaban nama a cikin kowane ɗayan mutum zai zama kusan 700 g kowace rana.
Lokacin da aka ciyar da shi a kan dankali da sha'ir, yawanci irin waɗannan aladu suna samun nauyin jiki ba tare da saurin sauri ba. Kuma da kimanin watanni goma da haihuwa tare da irin abincin Mangalits 'yan ƙasar Hungary masu nauyi yawanci kusan kilogiram 100.
Amma tare da haɓakar ciyar da hatsi tare da haɓakar ɗanyen mai, hazel, bran, kayan lambu, itacen ɓaure da kirji, da abun ciki mai kyau, wannan adadi yana ƙaruwa zuwa kilogiram 150, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu ya girma yana da nauyin kilo 250 ko fiye.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Kiwo shima ya shahara saboda yawan haihuwarta. Amma shuka a farrow na farko ya ba da ƙwaya shida, wani lokacin bakwai, wanda ba a la'akari da shi da yawa. Amma a kan wadanda suka biyo baya, adadin sabbin aladu ya girma zuwa goma, wasu lokuta sha biyu.
Mating Harshen Manganese
A lokacin haihuwar haihuwa, yakamata a kiyaye mahaifar, musamman nan da nan kafin haihuwar, ya kamata a rinka lura da su a cikin dakin dumi, bushe, musamman sanye take inda ake buƙatar tsaftace kullun.
Aladu sukan haifar da mangalitsa na Hangari an haife su tare da launi na musamman, wanda ya gaji wannan kadara daga magabatansu - aladu na Carpathian daji. Bayan haihuwar jarirai, kafin a yiwa mahaifiyar, an tsaftace su da bambaro.
Piglets na buƙatar allurar prophylactic don haɓaka ta dace don hana ci gaban anemia tare da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe. An yi su kamar wata biyu bayan haihuwa.
Bayan wasu kwana biyu, an yanke kukan don jariran don kada uwa ta sami rauni lokacin ciyarwa. Boanann boars da ba ayi nufin kiwo ba yawanci ana jefa su a sati na biyu na rayuwa.
Aladu sukan sami damar ciyar da nono har zuwa shekara daya da rabi. Kuma tare da irin waɗannan lokutan, shuka yana buƙatar abinci mai kyau don sake ƙarfin ƙarfi.
Harshen Brazier Piglet
Kuma a nan masara da sha'ir tare da Bugu da ƙari na bran, alkama, abincin sunflower da nama da abincin ci dole ne a haɗa su cikin abincin ba tare da lalacewa ba. A lokacin rani, yana da amfani musamman don ƙara beets, karas, zucchini, ganye don ciyar da mangalitsa na Hongeriyanci.
Bayan wata daya na ciyar da madara, ƙananan aladu sun riga sun buƙaci ciyar. A wannan zamanin, ba a ba da shawarar ciyar da kuzarin abinci da mahaifiyarsu ke ci ba don kar cutar da kwayoyin.
Don kayan miya, premixes tare da ƙari da ɗanyen ganye da aka ɗanɗano sun fi dacewa. Amma bayan wasu makonni biyu, yakamata yakamata yaran su gabatar da masara, alkama, sha'ir tare da ƙari gami da alli zuwa ga cuban.
Kuma watanni hudu bayan haihuwa, aladun fara farawa mai ƙarfi, gabatar da hay, kwayoyi, da abinci masu hade cikin abincin. Bayan ingantaccen ciyarwa, an tura wasu daga cikin mutane don yin yanka, kuma an bar aladu na musamman don kiwo.
Namiji da aladu na mangalitsa na Hungaria
Yawancin lokaci shuka yana shirye don mating na farko yana da shekara daya, wanda aka dauke shi makomar sauran nau'in. Kuma bayan farrowing, an aika mace don yanka ko ta hagu don kiwo mai zuwa, dangane da halaye da buƙatu. Tare da abun ciki mai kyau, mutane irin wannan, idan maigidan bai rufe shi ba da wuri, zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin ofabilar mangalits na Hangari
Manoma sun zabi kyawawan aladu na kyawawan halaye saboda kyawawan halayen su:
- Ba sa buƙatar haɓaka gida. Aladu sukan jure hunturu da kyau a cikin sarari a cikin wani haystack, tono nasu burrows don gidaje.
- Suna da ƙoshin lafiya kuma suna da tsayayya da cuta. Matasa girma baya buƙatar maganin rigakafi, alurar rigakafi.
- Kyakkyawan nama.
Masu shayarwa masu shayarwa suna nuna kasawar mai zuwa:
- Babban farashi saboda yawan jama'a.
- Zasu iya fama da cututtukan fata (helminths, lice), sabili da haka, suna buƙatar magani na rigakafi.
- Buƙatar yin tafiya a kan wuraren kiwo.
- Lokacin bacci.
Duk da rashin nasara, girma irin wannan yana da fa'ida.
Shin kana tunanin cewa idan aka ciyar da hankaka ba za su tarar da kowa ba? Ina shakkar hakan .. Amma lurawarku tana da fa'ida sosai ta yadda…
Mangalitsa na Hangari: halaye da halaye na alade
A yanzu, akwai wadatar ɗumbin aladu iri da aka daidaita don yanayin damina daban-daban. Daga cikinsu, mangalitsa dan kasar Hungary ya fice musamman. An nuna shi ta asali ta asali da kuma iya karfin jure yanayin zafi, wanda ke sa wannan ya zama mafi kyau ga ƙasashe masu tsananin sanyi da sanyi.
Mangalitsa na Hongariyanci shine nau'in-nau'i mai dadaddun iri. Kimanin shekarar bayyanarsa ita ce 1833. Sanannen abu ne cewa daga shekarar 1860 Hungary ta zama sanannen sabbin zuriyarta, babban fasalin abin da ya kasance dusar ƙanƙanin danshi.
An kirkiro irin halittar ga Archduke Joseph. Ya tsallake zuwa wani daji na Carpathian daji tare da wasu 'yan alade biyu' yan ƙasar Hungary, Bakonyi da Szalontai, ɗaya kuma ya shigo da alade na Serbian, Sumadia. Musamman ma'adanai, ko kuma, kamar yadda ake kiranta, alade mai ƙoshin gaske, sakamakonsa, an yaba shi sosai saboda ƙarfin jikinta na samar da mai mai yawa.
Nan da nan ake samun irin wannan gasa. A cikin Hungary kadai, yawan waɗannan aladu sun wuce dubu 30. Don haifar da mangalitsa na Hongariyanci a cikin Ukraine.
Yankin Turai ta Tsakiya da gaske sun sayi mai kitse. Amma a tsakiyar karni na 20, man alade da naman alade sun fita daga yanayin abinci, ana buƙatar ƙarin abincin dabbobi don yin naman alade da naman alade. A cikin Hungary, yawan brazier ya ragu zuwa dubu 7.
A cikin 90s na karni na XX, masana'antun masana'anta na jamon da lomo masu cin abinci sun ba da rahoton ƙarancin kayan albarkatun ƙasa. A wannan lokacin ne suka tuna irin ƙabilar aladu masu ban mamaki. Kamfanin Sipaniya Jamones Segovia, A. A. ya fara aikin narkar da 'yan kasar Hungary brazier.
Tun daga shekara ta 2000, aka amince da irin nau'in manganese a matsayin taska ta ƙasar Hungary. Aladu suna gundura sosai da kuma yadawa. A cikin kasashen CIS, ƙananan gonaki da ba a sani ba suna tsoma kansu cikin abubuwan sarrafa ganyen 'yan ƙasar Hungary, kuma yawanci suna da babbar riba. Gidan cin abinci na Elite suna sayan nama da mai daga wurinsu.
Aladu na wannan irin matsakaicin tsayi (har zuwa santimita 85 a tsayi), suna da kwarangwal mai yawa, babba. Fyaɗe yana daɗaɗɗuwa kuma an ɗan murɗa shi sama, facin yana zagaye, kunnuwa suna da girma, ana iya miƙa su gaba ko rataye. Kafafu suna lebur, gajeru, mai ƙarfi tare da baƙar fata. Abun ciki yayi yawa, bayan na iya samun karko.
Abu na farko da zai kama idanunka lokacin da kake duban brazier na Hungary, hakika, ulu ne. Ya yi kauri da tsawo, akwai faduwa. Yayin bazara lokacin bazara, yakan fado, kuma ulu ya shiga zoben wuya. Yawancin mangalits suna farin-fari. Baya ga aladu na wannan launi, akwai kuma baƙi, ja da gaurayayyun launuka. Ya dogara da tallafin.
A wannan lokacin, masana'antun sukan sayar da aladu irin, daga shaƙatawa da aladu na irin nau'in. Irin waɗannan mutane kuma zasu sami suturar ulu, amma ba ragowar ma'aunin da suka wajaba don nasarar kiwo ba. Sabili da haka, yana da muhimmanci a san sauran halaye na waje na abubuwan 'yan ƙasar Hungary:
- wutsiya tana da kauri a gindi,
- idanu da gashi a kusa da su, kan nono, lebe, faci, budewar budewa, ciki na wutsiya duhu cikin launi ba tare da la’akari da ire-irensu ba,
- farin goge
- Gefen Velman (alamar duhu a gindi kunnuwa bai wuce santimita 5 ba), wannan alamar tana tabbatar da tsarkin nau'in,
- babu fiye da 10 kan nonon.
Girgizar daji na mangalitsa na Hongariyanci na iya kaiwa kilo 300 na nauyi, shuka - 200 kilo. Tuni a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kananan dabbobi suna da ikon samun kilo 150-160. Yi rikodin rikodin rikodin ɗan saurayi shine rabin tan.
Babban bambanci tsakanin masu shayarwa shine launinsu. A yanzu akwai launuka 4 na aladu na mangalitsa na Hungary da ƙananan hukumomi 3:
- Farar fata brazier. Mafi yawan hanyoyin sadarwa. Ya ƙunshi 3/4 na yawan mutanen duniya na halin yanzu na mangalits na Hungary. Launi na iya bambanta daga launin toka zuwa fari tare da miƙewa cikin ruwan hoda da ja, yayin da fatar launin toka ko baƙi ne.
- "Tafiya". Kashi na sama na kunne, kunnuwa, jijiyoyi, muƙamula, baya, tarnaƙi da kuma gefen ƙashin gwiwar “haɗiye” launi mai duhu. Abun ciki, ƙananan muƙamuƙi, rabin tarnaƙi, gefen cikin kafafu na iya zama fari, launin toka, rawaya, launin shuɗi. Wannan ƙananan tallafin galibi ya fi na sauran, gashi yana gajarta da fari, amma ya fi ƙarfin wuya.
- Red mangalits. Launin waɗannan aladu yana da haske, a cikin wakilan tsarkakakken fata kuma ba shi da tabo. Red aladu sun fi danginsu girma kuma suna karuwa da sauri. Ana ganin kudaden sun zama sun bace. An haramta sayar da launin ruwan hoda da mutane.
Kafin rage adadin aladu a Hungary, an sami mutanen da ke riƙe da halayen launi na aladu ko launuka-launin ruwan kasa a cikin Hungary. Yi la'akari da manyan fa'idodi da rashin amfanin wannan gasa:
Fa'idodi | rashin daidaituwa |
jimiri | babban farashi |
babban bukatar | lokacin balaga |
babban farashin nama da mai | yawanci farrowing farrowing |
saurin nauyi | babban yiwuwa na samo alade |
kyakkyawan rigakafi | da bukatar manyan wuraren kiwo |
daidaitawa | |
halin abokantaka | |
iya tuna hanyar gida (alade zai iya dawowa daga makiyaya kanta) | |
ulu tana kariya daga kwari |
Yadda za a zabi piglets, farashi
Mabuɗin babban nasara ga kiwo cikin manganese na Hungary shine zaɓin da ya dace don ƙyan alade. Lallai, dukda cewa wasu 'yan gauraye na iya zama iri daya a zahiri, naman su da man alade bazai da kyawawan halaye na mangalitsa na Hungary. Sabili da haka, lokacin sayen, dole ne a nemi sifar dabbobi, karanta sake dubawa game da gonar mai kaya da kanta.
Bai kamata ku dogara da mai siye ba, ya fi kyau ku je ku zaɓi dabbobin da kanku, saboda zaku iya tabbatar da lafiyar alade kawai ta hanyar bincika su. Zai fi kyau ziyarci yawancin gonaki, yawancin fasaloli za su zama sananne ne kawai idan aka kwatanta.
Yana da mahimmanci musamman a tuna cewa jariran da aka samu kada su kasance kusa da dangi, in ba haka ba aladu zasu lalace.
Hakikanin alaƙar mangalitsa na Hongariyanci yana ɗaukar akalla ruble 15,000 na Rasha, a matsakaici, farashin ya bambanta tsakanin 15-20 dubu rubles. Ana bada shawara don siye dayan aladu da yawa, ba tare da kamfanin dabbar za ta iya yin baƙin ciki ba, kuma wannan zai shafi ci da ƙima mai nauyi.
Lokacin sayen, ya kamata ka kula da yadda ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam ke cin abinci, shin membranes ɗin sa yana da tsabta. Alade ya kamata ya sami babban nono, har ma da kafafu, a baya an fasalta fasalin halayen mangalitsa na Hongariyanci, launi mai kyau, kamar yadda yake a dangi na daji, amma launi yana cikin asali na aladu (fari, baƙi, ja, “haɗiye”). Kyakkyawan alade zai yi yawa idan an ɗince shi.
Kada ku sayi uban sanduna da manyan san sanduna. Yawancin lokaci mai yawa nauyi a ƙuruciya sakamakon sakamakon ciyarwa da madara mai zaki. Bayan irin waɗannan aladu, yana da wuya a canza zuwa abinci na yau da kullun.
Zai yiwu a gicciye tsakanin mangalits na Hungary kuma zai iya kasancewa da ulu, amma naman sa ya fi ƙarfe, ɓangaren sebaceous ya ƙanƙanta, halayyar ba ta da ƙayatarwa, hankali da ƙwaƙwalwa sun yi ƙasa.
Mutane daban-daban na kowane reshe da suke da ruwan hoda ciki, basu da alamun alamomin baƙar fata na dukkan braziers, suna shakkar tsarkin keɓaɓɓen, gashi yana da nasihun launin ruwan kasa, kunnuwa sun yi girma ko ƙanƙanta.
Bayyananniyar salo zai zama aladu tare da farin aibobi akan fatar da launin ruwan kasa a launi, tare da rawaya ko baki mai launin shuɗi.Sautunan launi suna iya canzawa yayin rayuwar alade, wannan tsari ya shafi abinci da muhalli.
Yanayin abun ciki, pigsty
Ana amfani da mangalitsa na Hungary da mahimmancin ƙarfi da ikon daidaitawa. Ko da a cikin yanayin sanyi, zai iya yin ba tare da alade ba. Sabili da haka, yawancin masu mallakar ba sa gina aladu na wannan nau'in wuraren zama, amma kawai a haƙa rami a alƙalami. Amma sai don dumama jikin mangalits na Hungary zai yi amfani da kitse da aka adana.
Domin alade ya sami nauyi sosai, har yanzu yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi:
- isasshen alade na hunturu,
- corral a gaban ƙwanƙwasa,
- wani tafasasshen abin sha tare da ruwa mai tsabta,
- kullun maye gurbin zuriyar dabbobi mai laushi a cikin ƙwanƙwasawa da cikin corral,
- sauran filin daga dabbobi,
- canopies domin kariya daga mummunan yanayi a cikin alkalami da waje kiwo,
- ƙarin dumama don alan ƙwari da shuka mai juna biyu, yana da mahimmaci a kiyaye su daga zantattuka.
Wannan irin, saboda babban rigakafin sa, baya bukatar rigakafin. Brazier na Hongariyanci yana da ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwa. Don haka, ta sami damar dawowa gida daga wurin kiwo, kuma babu takamaiman buƙatar makiyaya, musamman idan mafarautan ba mazauna kusa. Na karshen, ba zato ba tsammani, sun hada da ɓatattun fakitoci na karnuka.
Kowane kaka da bazara, ya kamata a ba da magunguna don helminths.
Ciyar da abinci
Mangalits na Hangari suna da yawa, suna ciyar da abinci akan makiyaya. A lokacin rani da bazara - wannan ciyawa ce, talakawa, a kaka da damuna - hay. Koyaya, don samun nauyi mai nauyi, zaka iya shiga abincin abincin aladu:
- dankali,
- masara
- kabewa
- wake
- zucchini
- beets
- acorns
- kirji
- hatsi
- kara,
- silage,
- jan yumbu
- wani alli,
- kashi abinci
- tsiren ruwan teku.
Wadannan aladu ba za su ƙi ƙin abinci ba, katantanwa, kwari, kwaro. Ba shi yiwuwa a shawo kan mangalits na Hangari, wannan nau'in yana iya zama kiba. Wannan na iya haifar da lalacewar ingancin nama da mutuwar dabbar.
Ciyar da mangalits daga cikin 'yan kasar Hungary da kuma sayan abincin da aka siya an yarda da su, amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar bayar da ciyawa ko ciyawa. An zaɓi abinci gwargwadon shekarun dabbobi.
Masu mallaka waɗanda ke damu da yanayin nama suna iya dafa abincin da kansu. Don yin wannan, haɗa masara, gyada, alli, abincin ƙashi, alkama, mai da makuku.
Zuriya
An bada shawara don shirya fitilar zafi don haihuwa. Piglet an haife su da gajeren gashi, amma ba zai zama mai sauƙi a gare su su bushe shi da kansu ba. A satin farko suna cin madarar uwa. Kwanaki 2 bayan haihuwa, jariran suna allura tare da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe don hana ci gaban anemia.
A ranar 4, theayoyin za su karye boars, in ba haka ba za su cutar da shukar yayin ciyar da su. Watanni hamsin bayan haihuwa, waɗanda aka tashe don nama suna karkatar da su don su sami nauyi mafi kyau kuma ba sa yin haushi. Tabbatar cewa wannan hanya ana aiwatar da ita tare da aladu masu ciwon ciki.
A cikin mako na biyu na rayuwa, an riga an ba da kuzari steamed bran, soyayyen sha'ir, kuma dole ne bitamin da ma'adanai. A wata 1, zaku iya fara bayar da abinci mai ƙima.
Cikakkiyar juyawa zuwa ga abincin da ya balagu na faruwa a watanni 4-5 na rayuwa, alama ce ta cikakkiyar watsawa daga shuka zai zama ɓacewar kwatancen "jariri" akan fatar alade. Abubuwan ban sha'awa ga yara na kayan ganyayyaki na Hungary ba su daina ba, suna ɗaya daga cikin alamun halayen zuriya.
Ku ɗanɗani fasalin nama da man alade na mangalitsa na Hungaria
Kayan nama da man alade na brazier na Hungary ya dace da yawancin abubuwan cin nama, sabili da haka ana yaba shi sosai. Yana da tsarin marmara da dandano mai daɗi. Bugu da kari, naman wannan irin yana da halaye masu amfani da yawa:
- khalifa anticarcinogenic
- babban abun ciki na zinc da baƙin ƙarfe,
- low cholesterol
- bitamin A da rukunin B
Ruwan ɓoyayyen mangalits na ƙasar Hungary shine milimita 55-65, shima yana da jijiyoyi, wanda yasa fatakar wannan nau'in ta zama sananne.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Mangalica Boar dan kasar Hungary
A dabi'a, mangalits na Hangari suna da yanayin kwanciyar hankali. Suna da kyan gani da wayo, saboda haka ana yawan kwatanta su da karnuka. Aladu sukan zama masu kusanci da ubangijinsu. Suna son sarari da 'yanci. Don kiyaye aladu a gida, yana da matukar mahimmanci a samar musu da katuwar ledoji, ko kuma idan zai yuwu a bar su su yi kiwo a gona ko makiyaya.
Aladu na wannan nau'in sananne ne saboda tsabtarsu. Saboda haka, tilas ne su tabbatar da samun tsaftataccen ruwa. Hakanan wajibi ne don saka idanu akan tsabta a cikin alkalami kuma sau da yawa canza zuriyar dabbobi. Mangarits 'yan ƙasar Hungary suna jure sanyi da sauƙin godiya ga gashi mai sanyin sanyi. Koyaya, a cikin hunturu suna buƙatar babban adadin hay, wanda aladu ke son binne kansu.
Abubuwan dabam dabam na irin su ana ɗaukarsu marasa ma'ana ne ga yanayin tsarewa da abinci mai gina jiki. Dabbobi suna da dabi'a da tabbatacciyar, kariya mai ƙarfi. Ba su da haɗari ga cuta, amma suna buƙatar alurar riga kafi a kan kari.
A lokacin rani, yana da wahala dabbobi su iya tsayayya da zafi da zafi, saboda haka suna buƙatar wani alfarwa don tsari daga zafin rana da haifar da inuwa. Mangalits na Hungary ba kawai jure cutar ba ne, har ma da ikon iya daidaitawa da sauri ga yanayin tsarewa da canza yanayin yanayi.
Yanzu kun san yadda ake ɗaukar Brazier brazier. Bari mu ga yadda za a yi kiwo dasu da kyau.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: manbianits dan kasar Hungary
Manya sun isa balaga ta hanyar watanni 8-9. Mafi sau da yawa, haihuwar farko na piglets ba zai zama da yawa ba. Gabaɗaya, masu shayarwa na wannan nau'in bayanin kula cewa haihuwar babban adadin ƙyan alade ba sabon abu bane ga shuka irin wannan. Yawancin haihuwa yakan wuce sauƙi, ba tare da wahala ba. Aladu sukan mutu da wuya. Ba a buƙatar matakan musamman don aiki da yankan igiyar Wurin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. A matsakaita, shuka guda ɗaya ta haifi fure 5-6. Idan an haife 8an 8 ko fiye, wannan wata alama ce cewa shukar ba ta kasance mai tsafta ba.
Zuriya ta biyu da ta gaba yawanci suna da yawa. A mummunan halaye na wannan irin ne low madara samar da shuka da low fecundity.
Ana haihuwar sababbin aladu na waje, wanda ke sa suyi kama da aladu na daji. Yawancin manoma suna ba da allurar baƙin ƙarfe ga jarirai don hana ƙarancin baƙin ƙarfe.
A haihuwa, karo na farko yana da matukar muhimmanci a lura da tsarin abincin. Don kwanaki 5-6, zaku iya fara sannu a hankali ku gabatar da abinci mai daɗi - gasashe sha'ir da daskararren masara A kusan lokaci guda, Wajibi ne a yanke igiyar ruwan alade don hana cutar da uwa a lokacin ciyarwa. Farawa daga sati na uku, sati na hudu, suna cin kansu kai-da-kai, masara.
A ƙarshen wata na fari, za a iya yaye dabbobi. A wannan zamani, ana iya siyar da su, kamar yadda suke iya cin abincin da manya ke ci. Matsakaicin tsawon lokacin da mutane basa zuwa yanka shine shekaru 20-23.
Maƙiyi na ainihi na brazier na Hungary
Hoto: Yaya ma'anar brazier na Hungary?
Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa aladu na mangalitsa na Hongeriyanci suna zaune a gida kaɗai, ba su da abokan gaba. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa aladu sun girma tare da manufar samun naman alade ko mai, a cikin lokacin yakin bayan ƙarshen 40s da farkon 50s, lambobinsu sun ragu zuwa mummunan lambobi.
An bambanta wakilan wannan nau'in ta kyakkyawan rigakafi da ƙoshin lafiya. Koyaya, likitocin dabbobi da likitan dabbobi sun yi gargaɗi game da buƙatar yin rigakafin kan lokaci. In ba haka ba, yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta daga dabbobi tare da cututtukan cututtukan cuta masu yawa.
Wataƙila cututtukan brazier na Hungary
- scabies,
- lichen,
- scab
- kunne da alamar-mai siffa.
Wani mahimmancin nuance shine tsabtace dacewar alkalami na zamani da kuma buƙatar samun ruwa mai tsabta. Rashin wadannan yanayi na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka. Yawan zafi a lokacin zafi na iya haifar da shaye-shaye, rashin ci, har ma da mutuwar dabbar.
Likitocin dabbobi kuma suna bayar da shawarar lokaci-lokaci don kula da aladu game da helminths. Aladu iri iri daban-daban suna iya kamuwa da cututtukan helminth ta hanyar lalata kayan abinci, tsutsotsi, kifi, kwaɗi, da sauransu. Wani muhimmin ƙira shine ƙoƙari don guje wa zayyanawa, kazanta, da laima mai yawa. Aladu na iya samun huhun huhu idan gumi a cikin dakin ya wuce 70%.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Mangalica na kasar Hungary
Zuwa yau, adadin mangalits na ƙasar Hungary ba ya haifar da wata damuwa. Manoma daga duk faɗin duniya sun fara mallakar waɗannan aladu. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin masana masana'antar, abincin dabbobi ana yaba shi sosai saboda halayensa na musamman. An bambanta naman ta kyakkyawar dandano da yadudduka mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Kwanan nan, adadin waɗannan dabbobin sun karu a Ukraine, Tarayyar Rasha, da Burtaniya. A cikin tarihin ƙasa na manganese na Hungary - a cikin dabbobi ana ɗaukar dabbobi a matsayin taskokin ƙasa. An zartar da dokoki da yawa a kan wannan jihar, a kan wanda ya ke bayar da taimako da fa'ida ga masu kiwo alade domin kiwo da waɗannan dabbobin.
A cewar kimomin farko na masu shayarwa, yawan mutanen wannan nau'in ya wuce 15,000. An adana dabbobi a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Banda shi ne kasashen da yanayin yake da zafi duk shekara.
Mangalitsa na Hangari - kyawawan nau'in aladu na gida. Naman su yana da dandano mai kyau kuma shahararrun masana suna daga ko'ina cikin duniya.