Kodayake an kirawo wannan penguin “babba”, ba za a iya kiransa babba ba.

Kuma idan kun kwatanta shi da penguin na sarki, wanda tsayinsa yakai 120 cm kuma nauyinsa shine 30 kilogram, to yana iya ɗauka da kaɗan. Bayan haka, girman wannan penguin kawai 55 cm, kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo 4.

A bayyane yake saboda irin wannan saɓani tsakanin sunan da bayyanar wannan penguin ɗin, ana kiransa canyen zinaren Snarish. Wani sunan shi ne saurin penar snarie. Dukansu suna nuna mallakar wannan jinsin zuwa tsibirin Snar Islands. Wadannan penguins hakika suna rayuwa ne kawai a nan, a cikin karamin yanki, yanki wanda bai wuce kilomita murabba'in kilomita 3.3.

Babban Penguin (Eudyptes robustus).

Amma duk da cewa wurin yana ƙanƙane, amma yana da fa'idodi masu yawa ga mazaunansa. Da fari dai, babu masu farauta. Abu na biyu, dazuzzuka da bishiyoyi da yawa suna girma a ƙarƙashin wanda penguins zasu iya karkatar da gida. Babu ƙarancin tabbaci cewa gaskiyar labarin shine ɗakin ajiyar kayan ruwan teku, don haka kusan babu tsoma bakin ɗan adam a cikin rayuwar penguins. Dangane da lissafin masana ilmin halitta a wannan karamin yanki, nau'i-nau'i daga nau'in penguins dubu talatin da uku.

Babban Penguin: haɗuwa mai dadi na farin baƙar fata tare da gashin ido mai rawaya.

Wani fasalin da ya fito daga cikin manyan penguin din shine launin rawaya da ke saman idanunsa. Kamar sauran nau'in penguin, baya, kai, fuka-fuki da wutsiya baki ne kuma ciki sa fari. Snarsky penguin yana da matukar ƙarfi, gindi wanda yake fari ko ruwan hoda. Wajibi ne a rarrabe penguin penarin daga fitsarin Victoria, tunda na farkon yana da kunun baki kuma na biyun yana da fararen gashin fuka-fukai a kansu. Maza da mata kamar ba sun bambanta da juna ba, sai dai cewa maza sun fi ɗan girma da ɗaukar nauyi.

Saboda kwayar ido, tsuntsu ya fi wannan tsananin rauni.

Halin waɗannan penguins yana da ban sha'awa don lura, saboda yana da ban dariya sosai, haka ma, koda sun kasance m. Misali, idan penguin ya lura baƙo da ba a san shi ba a wurin sa, to sai ya shimfida fikafikansa gabaɗaya, ya fara bugu, kuma duk wannan yana tare da ƙara. Don haka, saurin yaduwa yana ƙoƙarin tsoratar da abokan gaba. A wasu halaye, yana yin ayyuka iri ɗaya ba tare da sauti ba, wataƙila a gareshi yana kama da muni.

Kuma dangane da abokan aikinsu, penguins masu rikitarwa na snarie suna da ladabi da ladabi. Bayan sun dawo daga ciyarwa, sun fara sunkuyar da kan juna, mace ce farkon, kuma namiji yana amsa bakinta. Idan matar ba ta dade a wani wuri ba, to, da ya dawo, sai ya sake yin wata al'ada: ya kalli cikin idanun mace, bayan wannan sai ya tsinke kansa da sautin kukan, yayin da yake miƙar masa baki. Mace a cikin amsa tana maimaita duk ayyukan da ta yi. A bayyane, ta wannan hanyar suna gane ma'aurata a cikin juna. Kuma idan abokan haɗin gwiwa suka ɓace muku da yawa, to, suna gajarta bikin kuma suna busawa da durƙusawa a lokaci guda.

Daga wannan kusurwa, penguin ya fi kama da tsuntsu na ainihi.

Maza, yayin da suke zaunar da wanda aka zaɓa, suna miƙawa ga matuƙar ƙarfinsu, ɓoye ƙirjinsu, da shimfida fikafikan su, ta hakan suna ƙoƙarin ƙara karin fam da santimita ga kansu. A ra'ayinsu, wannan shine ainihin yadda suke da ƙarin damar da za su faranta wa mace rai.

Saurari muryar babban penguin

https://animalreader.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/velikolepnij-pingvin-megadyptes-antipodes.mp3
Babban penguins suna samar da sheƙarsu a ƙasa. Don yin wannan, da farko sun tono karamin rami, sannan sai layi layi tare da ƙananan ƙananan twigs. Matar ta sanya ƙwai biyu, kuma tana yin wannan tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 3-4. Kwai na farko yana da ƙarancin girma fiye da na biyu. Iyayen biyu suna ƙyamar su a madadinsu. Yayin da ɗayansu ke cinye mason, na biyu ya kawo abinci. Penguins an haife shi a cikin kwanaki 32-35. Koyaya, ɗayan yaran, da rashin alheri, za'a ƙaddara mutuwa saboda yanayin yanayin mummunan yanayi.

"Darussan ilimi" na samari.

Jaririn wanda ya tsira, wanda ya kai shekara 2.5, ana aika shi da farko tare da iyayen sa zuwa tekun, inda ya koyi samun nasa abincin - kifi, kananan squids da krill. A nan, shi ma yana cikin haɗari, alal misali, a cikin haɗuwa tare da zaki na New Zealand teku, sakamakon wanda penguin zai iya zama mai m. Amma abin sanyaya rai ne cewa: penguins na zinare sunada kyau masu iyo kuma suna iya yin iyo daga hatsarin dake tattare da hoton wannan maharbin.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Bayanin

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 48-62 cm. Weight ya bambanta daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 3.4. Manyan samfuran manya sun kai kilogram 4.5. Mai aikin ruwa ba shi da ruwa. Gashin fuka-fukai sun kai tsawon 2.5-2.9 cm .. A bayan wakilan jinsunan sune shuɗi-baki, kirji da ciki fararen fata ne kaɗan. Shugaban baki ne.

Gefen yana da gajeru kuma yana da launi mai launin shuɗi. Idon ƙanana da duhu ja, kafafu suna ruwan hoda, waɗanda ke bayan jikin. A fikafikan fikafikai ne kuma suna kama da fins. Wani sananne a cikin waɗannan tsuntsaye shine gashin fuka-fukan da ke cikin kawunansu. Sun daga kan baki kuma suna karewa da idanu. Launinsu launin rawaya, wani lokacin launin rawaya-fari.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Wannan nau'in yana da mazauni a cikin manyan yankuna, wanda zasu iya adadin har zuwa kusan dubu 100 nests. Ma'aurata guda ɗaya. Lokacin kiwo ya faɗi a watan Satumba - Nuwamba. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 2 na masu girma dabam. Kyanwar kazar, a matsayin mai mulkin, tana tsira daga manyan kwai.

Lokacin shiryawa yana kimanin kwanaki 33. Namiji da mata sukan zama ƙwayayen ƙwai. A cikin ƙananan ciki na penguins da aka shafe akwai yanki mai fatar ba tare da gashinsa ba. Yana bayar da isasshen zafi daga jiki zuwa qwai. Bayan an yi kiyayya, namiji zai kasance tare da zuriyarsa a cikin kwanakin 25 na farko, mace kuma ta sami abinci ta ciyar da kanta. Bayan wannan lokacin, an haɗo kaji zuwa kananan rukunin "wuraren kiwon lafiya". A can suke har suka girma.

Bayan kiwo, tsuntsaye manya sun tara ajiyar kitse kuma suna shirin molting shekara-shekara. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 25. A wannan lokacin, wakilan nau'ikan jinsin gaba daya suna canza tubalinsu. Bayan ya yi zirga-zirga, sun tashi daga ƙasar kuma suna cin watanni lokacin hunturu a teku. Sun koma ga gaci don fara haihuwar. A cikin daji, penguron da aka ɗauka yana rayuwa shekaru 10-12.

Halayya da Abinci

Muhimmin fasali na wakilan jinsin shine, idan suka shawo kan matsalolin, to ba su zamewa a jikinsu ba kuma basu tashi da taimakon fuka-fuki, kamar yadda sauran penguins suke yi. Sukan yi kokarin tsalle kan gadaje da fasa. An daidaita su sosai da rayuwar ruwa. Sun saukar da gawarwaki da kuma fikafikan ƙarfi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin motsi a cikin ruwa. Abincin ya ƙunshi krill da sauran ɓarna. Squids, octopuses, kifi ma ana ci. Mining ganima, na iya nutse har zurfin mita 100.

Penguin mai launin shuɗi

Hakanan ana kiranta penguin na shuɗi smallan kadan - saboda ƙarami ne kuma ɓangare na ɗayan mafiya yawa. Hakanan ana kiranta penguin na elf, watakila saboda shuɗin silin na baya. Penananan penguins sun zaɓi New Zealand da kuma gefen tekun Kudancin Australia a matsayin wurin zama.

Girma na wannan penguin ya tashi daga santimita 40. Jaririn yana nauyin kilogram ɗaya. Penan ƙananan penguins suna gina mazaunin a cikin kogo. Suna da sha'awar shirya ramuwar penguin: lokacin da ƙananan penguins suka fito daga ruwa lokacin faɗuwar rana, suna yin rukunin 10 10 kuma suna tafiya don farawa, suna ihu tare da dangi da yara. Penguins masu launin shuɗi suna da gaskiya - tare da abokin zaɓaɓɓen abokin tarayya za su iya zama tare har ƙarshen rayuwa.

Hakanan ana kiranta guasar Penguin Lessananan asari, saboda shine mafi shahararrun masu tallafin thearancin Penguin. Ya bambanta da sauran nau'in fararen fararen daga duka sassan fikafikan.

Penguins masu farar fata suna zaune a yankin Canterbury na New Zealand. Mafi yawan aiki da daddare, sabanin sauran nau'in penguins. Dukansu suna farauta cikin teku tare, amma lokacin da ya gama duhu. A cikin neman abinci, suna iya zirga-zirga zuwa kilomita 75 daga bakin tekun.

Penguin da aka Kama

Hakanan penguin mai dutse, dutse ko Rockhopper. Wannan “penguin tsalle kan duwatsu ne”, saboda hanyar da ya fi so don shiga ruwa shine tsallake shi daga dutse tare da “soja”, yayin da sauran penguins suka fi son nutsewa.

Wannan mutumin mai kishin ƙasa mai aminci yana zaune a yawancin tsibirin a cikin yanayin yankin na Yankin Kudancin. An kawata kansa da kyawawan gashin fuka-fukan rawaya. Amma zafin fushin dutsen yana da ban tsoro - idan ya yi fushi, zai yi amo da babbar murya har ma ya kai hari.

Adelie penguin yana gina gida daga tsintsaye wanda zai iya yin sata daga manyan makwabta. Tana zaune a bakin tekun Antarctica da tsibiran kusa.

A cikin hunturu, Adélie penguins suna zaune a kan kankara mai tazarar kilomita 700 daga bakin tekun, kuma a cikin zangon bazara a tsibiran kusa da Antarctica. A farkon farawa, zazzabi na iska zai iya kaiwa -40 ° C.

Antarctic ko Kudancin Kudu

Wani dan uwan ​​Adelie penguins. Yana da kadan kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in - yawan mutane ya kai 7.5 dubu nau'i-nau'i. Wani salo na fasalin Antarctic shine tsararren baƙar fata a wuyan daga kunne zuwa kunne da kuma bakar fata a kai.

Masu wasan iyo da ban mamaki ne, masu zurfin zurfin mita 250, haka kuma suna iyo mil 1000 a cikin teku. Habitat - Antarctic da Tsibirin Subantarctic.

Galapagos Penguin

Wani fasali na Galapagos shine mazaunin su. Kuma suna zaune a tsibirin Galapagos mai ɗumi, inda zafin iska ya kai 28 ° C, kuma yanayin ruwan shine 24 ° C. Wannan shine kawai nau'in nau'in penguin da ke rayuwa a cikin tropics.

Wadannan penguins suna da baki, kuma fararen fararen fata suna gudana daga ido zuwa ido a wuya. Thearshen baki da fatar da ke gefen idanunsa ruwan hoda da rawaya. Akwai 'yan penguins na Galapagos - kusan nau'i 6,000. Ba kamar sauran jinsunan ba, wannan penguin yana da abokan gaba da yawa saboda ƙanƙantarsa ​​da mazauninsa.

Penguin mai launin shuɗi-da gwal mai launin zinare yana kama da madafin penguin, amma gashin gashi mai launin shuɗi-kan. Sunan Ingilishi na wannan nau'in yana fassara shi kamar penguin dandy. Yankin Areola na mazauninsu yana da faɗi sosai kuma yana da kusan wurare 200.

Abin ban sha'awa, nauyin jikin mutum na penguin ya bambanta kusan sau biyu a lokuta daban-daban na shekara kuma ya danganta da lokacin molting da kiwo. Turawan mulkin mallaka na launin ruwan zinari masu tsananin gaske - manyan tsuntsaye sama da miliyan biyu. Wannan shine mafi yawan jinsunan - fiye da miliyan 11.5 nau'i-nau'i.

Wannan nau'in nasa ne a cikin iyalin penguin kuma an haɗa shi cikin nau'in penguins da aka danganta. Wani soyayyar penguin da yake zaune yana zaune ne a arewacin arewacin yankin. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a tsibirin Falkland, a tsibirin Tierra del Fuego, a gabar kudu ta kudu, a tsibirin Auckland, a tsibiran Antipodes. Gidaje masu kyau shine tsaunin dutse kusa da tafki na ruwa da sauran hanyoyin ruwa na asali. Wannan nau'in ya kasu kashi biyu.

Matsayin Kariya

Yawan penguins da aka suturta yana raguwa daga shekara zuwa shekara. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, ya fadi da kashi 34%. A cikin tsibirin Falkland a cikin shekaru 60 da suka gabata, adadin ya ragu da kashi 90%. An yi bayanin wannan ta hanyar haɓaka yawon shakatawa da kuma gurɓatar yanayi. Hakanan ma'adinan squid na kasuwanci shima ya taimaka wajen rage adadin waɗannan penguins. A halin yanzu, wannan nau'in yana da matsayin damuwa.

Kodayake an kira wannan penguin "babba", ba za a iya kiran shi babba ba.

Kuma idan kun kwatanta shi da penguin na sarki, wanda tsayinsa yakai 120 cm kuma nauyinsa shine 30 kilogram, to yana iya ɗauka da kaɗan. Bayan haka, girman wannan penguin kawai 55 cm, kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo 4.

A bayyane yake saboda irin wannan saɓani tsakanin sunan da bayyanar wannan penguin ɗin, ana kiransa canyen zinaren Snarish. Wani sunan shi ne saurin penar snarie. Dukansu suna nuna mallakar wannan jinsin zuwa tsibirin Snar Islands. Wadannan penguins hakika suna rayuwa ne kawai a nan, a cikin karamin yanki, yanki wanda bai wuce kilomita murabba'in kilomita 3.3.

Amma duk da cewa wurin yana ƙanƙane, amma yana da fa'idodi masu yawa ga mazaunansa. Da fari dai, babu masu farauta. Abu na biyu, dazuzzuka da bishiyoyi da yawa suna girma a ƙarƙashin wanda penguins zasu iya karkatar da gida. Babu ƙarancin tabbaci shine gaskiyar labarin cewa tarin tsibiri shine ajiyar ruwa, don haka saɓon ɗan adam a rayuwar penguins shine kusan babu shi. Dangane da lissafin masana ilmin halitta a cikin wannan karamin yanki, nau'i-nau'i daga talatin da uku zuwa dubu uku na wannan nau'in gida.

Babban Penguin: haɗuwa mai dadi na farin baƙar fata tare da gashin ido mai rawaya.

Wani fasalin da ya fito daga cikin manyan penguin din shine launin rawaya da ke saman idanunsa. Kamar sauran nau'in penguin, baya, kai, fuka-fuki da wutsiya baki ne kuma ciki sa fari. Snarsky penguin yana da matukar ƙarfi, gindi wanda yake fari ko ruwan hoda. Wajibi ne a rarrabe penguin penarin daga fitsarin Victoria, tunda na farkon yana da kunun baki kuma na biyun yana da fararen gashin fuka-fukai a kansu. Maza da mata a waje ba sa bambanta da juna, sai dai cewa maza sun ɗan ƙaramin nauyi kuma suna da nauyi.

Halin waɗannan penguins yana da ban sha'awa don lura, saboda yana da ban dariya sosai, kuma koda lokacin da suke da ƙarfi. Misali, idan penguin ya lura baƙo da ba a san shi ba a yankin sa, to sai ya shimfida fikafikansa gabaɗaya, ya fara murɗawa, kuma duk wannan yana tare da ƙara. Don haka, saurin yaduwa yana ƙoƙarin tsoratar da abokan gaba. A wasu halaye, yana yin ayyuka iri ɗaya ba tare da sauti ba, wataƙila a gareshi yana kama da muni.

Kuma dangane da abokan aikinsu, penguins masu rikitarwa na snarie suna da ladabi da ladabi. Bayan sun dawo daga ciyarwa, sun fara sunkuyar da kan juna, mace ce farkon, kuma namiji yana amsa bakinta. Idan matar ba ta dade a wani wuri ba, to, da ya dawo, sai ya sake yin wata al'ada: ya kalli cikin idanun mace, bayan wannan sai ya tsinke kansa da sautin kukan, yayin da yake miƙar masa baki. Mace a cikin amsa tana maimaita duk ayyukan da ta yi. A bayyane, ta wannan hanyar suna gane ma'aurata a cikin juna. Kuma idan abokan haɗin gwiwa suka ɓace muku da yawa, to, suna gajarta bikin kuma suna busawa da durƙusawa a lokaci guda.

Maza, yayin da suke zaunar da wanda aka zaɓa, suna miƙawa ga matuƙar ƙarfinsu, ɓoye ƙirjinsu, da shimfida fikafikan su, ta hakan suna ƙoƙarin ƙara karin fam da santimita ga kansu. A ra'ayinsu, wannan shine ainihin yadda suke da ƙarin damar da za su faranta wa mace rai.

A ina manyan ƙwayoyin penguin da suke zaune suke zama cikin yanayi?

Ana samun nau'in penguins na cute mai ban sha'awa a cikin yanayin kusa da New Zealand da Ostiraliya. Fi son shirya mazauninsu a kan Antipodes, Auckland da Campbell. A cikin lokutan hunturu, ba sa barin ruwan sanyi na Antarctic.

Suna zaune a cikin manyan yankuna tare da wasu nau'in penguins da aka murƙushe. Tsibirin, waɗanda tsuntsayen ƙasa suka fifita su, masu dutse ne, akwai kogunan da yawa a cikin duwatsun da suka dace don gina shinge na penguin. Ta cikin irin wannan kogon ne waɗanda iyayen da aka haife su nan gaba suka gina wuraren don 'yayansu.

Miƙa

Lokaci mai ban sha'awa a rayuwar penguins yana molting, wannan sabon abu yana daɗaɗɗuwa, kuma suna shirin shi a watan Fabrairu. Bayan kajin sun fita daga gida, tsoffin tsuntsaye sukan fashe su je su yi kiwo kafin molt a cikin teku har tsawon wata guda. Bayan wannan lokacin, iyalai sun sake haduwa, wannan yakan haifar da wasannin matsi. A wannan lokacin, ainihin molt yana farawa, wanda ya wuce kwanaki 28. Yana cikin lokutan penguins yayin molting basu da bambanci kuma suna ciyar da dukkan lokacinsu kusa da gida. A tsakiyar watan Afrilu, an kammala sabuntawar fashin tsuntsaye, kuma sake hadewar penguins sun sake komawa teku.

Yaya suke magana?

Penguins tsuntsaye ne, duk da yanayin ƙasa. Wadannan mata masu kima sun san yadda ake raira waƙa, musamman a lokacin ladabtar da mace, idan, ba shakka, waɗannan mating "serenades" za'a iya kiran su waƙoƙi. Muryar penguin ya zama kururuwa. Wasannin da suke canjin juna suna dauke da ƙananan sautuna waɗanda ana maimaita su daidai. Mawaƙa baƙi da fari suna “rairawa” ta wannan hanyar ne kawai da rana, ba su taɓa jin kukansu da dare ba.

Ta yaya suke yaƙi?

Namiji, kamar dukkan mazaje, wasu lokuta kanaso suyi yaqi. Mafi yawancin lokuta wannan yana faruwa ne saboda mace ko lokacin da dole ne a kare gida daga baƙi da ba a gayyata ba. M abokan adawar sun daga kawunansu tsaye a tsaye tare da wani karar yaƙi kamar yaƙi kuma suna jujjuya shi daga gefe zuwa gefe. Kafin a fara yaƙin, mazan sun fara “busa”, yayin da suke durƙusa kuma suna durƙusa da kafada.

A yayin yaƙin, penguins tare da ƙanƙan da fushinsu, sun doke juna da gemu da fika-fikafikan. Wani lokacin ma ana amfani da kwari yayin da mayaƙan suke da sha'awar yaƙi.

Labari ne mai matukar lullubewa, hoto tabbaci ne na wannan, saboda ba duk masoya yanayi zasu iya ganin wadannan halittu a cikin mazauninsu na zahiri ba. Akwai shaidar kimiyya cewa a cikin shekaru 45 da suka gabata yawan penguins ya ragu da kusan rabi. An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Rubutu!

IUCN 3.1 M :

Rock Penguin (An Kama) (lat. Eudyptes kayan abinci ) - tsuntsu na dangin penguin.

Rayuwa

Masu hawan dutse yawanci suna yin manyan yankuna da yawa, galibi suna amfani da jagororin dutsen, lawa plateaus, da maɓuɓɓugan bakin teku. A tsibiran da ke da ƙasa mai haɓaka, suna tono albarkatun ƙasa da burrows na ainihi, yawanci a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙan da mutane sama da ciyawar perenni. Gidaje suna yin layi tare da pebbles, ciyawa, ƙananan kasusuwa.

Hawan penguins suna hawa akan krill da sauran abubuwan ɓawon burodi. Sun sami abincinsu yayin tafiya ta yini guda zuwa bakin teku.

Rock penguins tsuntsaye ne na zamantakewa kuma ba kasafai ake samun su da ɗaya ba. Yankunan su suna da yawa sosai kuma, a sakamakon haka, mai saurin fushi ne. Tsuntsayen suna aiki da ƙarfi, suna fitar da babbar murya waɗanda suke kira abokan tarayya ko su sanar da cewa an mamaye yankin. Wata alama kuma tana girgiza kai, tana da launin rawaya - ita ma tana taimakawa wajen jan hankalin mutane. Kwanciyar hankali, penguins suna ɓoye kawunansu a ƙarƙashin reshe. A ƙarshen bazara, masu hawan penguins sun bar mazaunin kuma suna ciyar da watanni 3-5 a teku, suna ciyar da mai. Fikafikan su suna kama da insan wasa kuma suna taimakawa wajen iyo sosai, amma ba a daidaita su don gudu. Fulawa na dutse suna zaune a kan tsaunukan bakin teku, suna manne zuwa gaɓoɓin ciyawa masu tsayi, inda suke tono ramuka da yin sheƙunansu. Suna jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa zuwa Falklands kuma sune manyan abubuwan sha'awar tsibiran. Kifi da ba a sarrafawa yana hana penguins na abinci, wani dalili kuma da ke hana ci gaban alumma shi ne gurbatar da ruwa ta hanyar gurbataccen mai da sharar gida.

Tsawon rayuwar masu hauhawar gwaiwa shine shekaru 10.

Bayanan kula

An tsame shi daga Penguin da ake Ciki

Wannan nau'in nasa ne a cikin iyalin penguin kuma an haɗa shi cikin nau'in penguins da aka danganta. Wani soyayyar penguin da yake zaune yana zaune ne a arewacin arewacin yankin. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a tsibirin Falkland, a tsibirin Tierra del Fuego, a gabar kudu ta kudu, a tsibirin Auckland, a tsibiran Antipodes. Gidaje masu kyau shine tsaunin dutse kusa da tafki na ruwa da sauran hanyoyin ruwa na asali. Wannan nau'in ya kasu kashi biyu.

Bayanin

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 48-62 cm. Weight ya bambanta daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 3.4. Manyan samfuran manya sun kai kilogram 4.5. Mai aikin ruwa ba shi da ruwa. Gashin fuka-fukai sun kai tsawon 2.5-2.9 cm .. A bayan wakilan jinsunan sune shuɗi-baki, kirji da ciki fararen fata ne kaɗan. Shugaban baki ne.

Gefen yana da gajeru kuma yana da launi mai launin shuɗi. Idon ƙanana da duhu ja, kafafu suna ruwan hoda, waɗanda ke bayan jikin. A fikafikan fikafikai ne kuma suna kama da fins. Wani sananne a cikin waɗannan tsuntsaye shine gashin fuka-fukan da ke cikin kawunansu. Sun daga kan baki kuma suna karewa da idanu. Launinsu launin rawaya, wani lokacin launin rawaya-fari.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Wannan nau'in yana da mazauni a cikin manyan yankuna, wanda zasu iya adadin har zuwa kusan dubu 100 nests. Ma'aurata guda ɗaya. Lokacin kiwo ya faɗi a watan Satumba - Nuwamba. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 2 na masu girma dabam. Kyanwar kazar, a matsayin mai mulkin, tana tsira daga manyan kwai.

Lokacin shiryawa yana kimanin kwanaki 33. Namiji da mata sukan zama ƙwayayen ƙwai. A cikin ƙananan ciki na penguins da aka shafe akwai yanki mai fatar ba tare da gashinsa ba. Yana bayar da isasshen zafi daga jiki zuwa qwai. Bayan an yi kiyayya, namiji zai kasance tare da zuriyarsa a cikin kwanakin 25 na farko, mace kuma ta sami abinci ta ciyar da kanta. Bayan wannan lokacin, an haɗo kaji zuwa kananan rukunin "wuraren kiwon lafiya". A can suke har suka girma.

Bayan kiwo, tsuntsaye manya sun tara ajiyar kitse kuma suna shirin molting shekara-shekara. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 25. A wannan lokacin, wakilan nau'ikan jinsin gaba daya suna canza tubalinsu. Bayan ya yi zirga-zirga, sun tashi daga ƙasar kuma suna cin watanni lokacin hunturu a teku. Sun koma ga gaci don fara haihuwar. A cikin daji, penguron da aka ɗauka yana rayuwa shekaru 10-12.

Halayya da Abinci

Muhimmin fasali na wakilan jinsin shine, idan suka shawo kan matsalolin, to ba su zamewa a jikinsu ba kuma basu tashi da taimakon fuka-fuki, kamar yadda sauran penguins suke yi. Sukan yi kokarin tsalle kan gadaje da fasa. An daidaita su sosai da rayuwar ruwa. Sun saukar da gawarwaki da kuma fikafikan ƙarfi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin motsi a cikin ruwa. Abincin ya ƙunshi krill da sauran ɓarna. Squids, octopuses, kifi ma ana ci. Mining ganima, na iya nutse har zurfin mita 100.

Matsayin Kariya

Yawan penguins da aka suturta yana raguwa daga shekara zuwa shekara. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, ya fadi da kashi 34%. A cikin tsibirin Falkland a cikin shekaru 60 da suka gabata, adadin ya ragu da kashi 90%. An yi bayanin wannan ta hanyar haɓaka yawon shakatawa da kuma gurɓatar yanayi. Hakanan ma'adinan squid na kasuwanci shima ya taimaka wajen rage adadin waɗannan penguins. A halin yanzu, wannan nau'in yana da matsayin damuwa.

Squad:Penguin-kamar Iyali:Penguin Jinsi:Penguins da aka Kama Duba:Babban Penguin da Aka Kama Sunan Latin Eudyptes sclateri
(Buller,)

Bayanin

Wannan shine matsakaicin penguin a jiki tsawon 63-65 cm, nauyi kimanin kilogram 4-5. Mata suna da ƙima a cikin maza. Kajin launin toka mai haske daga sama fararen fata a ƙasa. Siffar penguin a baya, fuka-fuki da kai baƙi ne, hakora, makogwaro da kunci suna fari. Gilashin fuka-fuka biyu masu launin shuɗi biyu daga nafin hancinsa zuwa cikin idanun duhu masu duhu tare da rawanin baya. Kayan da suka girma sun ɗan bambanta da manya. Babban bambanci shine cewa giciye mai launin rawaya akan kai ya fi girma fiye da na manya.

An bambanta shi da sauran penguins penrest da aka sanya ta hanyar ikon motsawa gashin gashin sa.

Yaɗa

Yana zaune a kusa da Ostiraliya da New Zealand, kui kan tsibirin Antipodes, Bounty, Campbell da Auckland.

Yawan zamani yana da kusan nau'i 200,000 kuma an san shi amintacce.

Rayuwa

Kiwo

Wadannan penguins suna daga cikin nau'in jama'a. Suna da halayen ladabi mai ban sha'awa wanda ke tattare da sauti mai maimaituwa - waƙa. An maimaita kukan penguin a cikin daidaitattun suttura kuma ya ƙunshi sauti iri ɗaya. Za'a iya jin kukan wani irin saƙo ne kawai da rana. Kayayen har ila yau suna kiran iyayensu da tsawa, amma "waƙa" sun fi guntu kuma ba su da rikitarwa, kuma ana rera su akan manyan bayanan. Babban penguin penguin da aka sanya shi a cikin manyan yankuna. Maza yawanci sukan koma wuraren haihuwar su sati biyu da suka gabata fiye da mace. An fara farkon lokacin kiwo ta hanyar ayyuka masu ban mamaki, gami da gwagwarmaya. Nesting is located a kan ɗakin kwana sashe na daga koguna ba sama da 70 m saman teku matakin. Mace da kanta ta gina gida, tana fitar da sarƙoƙi daga ciki. Namiji ya kafa gida da duwatsu, datti da ciyawa. Qwai yana dage farawa tun farkon Oktoba, kwanciya ya kai kwana uku zuwa biyar, a wannan lokacin mace ba ta cin komai.

Akwai ƙwai biyu a cikin kama, kwai na biyu ya fi na farkon girma. Launin qwai sune shuɗi mai haske ko shuɗin kore, amma daga baya sun zama launin ruwan kasa. Daga lokacin da aka sanya kwai na biyu, an fara yin shiryawa, wanda zai ɗauki kwanaki 35. Kwai na farko, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya rayuwa, (a cikin 98% na lokuta) saboda haka penguins sun haɗa kwai ɗaya kawai.

A cikin lokutan hunturu, penguin ɗin ba ya barin ruwan sanyi na Subantarctic, amma a ina ya ɓace daidai lokacin nan ba a kafa shi ba. Yawancin lokaci yana yi sheka a cikin mazauna tare da wani nau'in penguin da aka murƙushe. Tsibiri mai dutse yana cike da koguna da yawa da suka dace da gidan zama. Akwai ƙarancin ciyayi a kansu, yawanci ciyawar ciyawa ce da tsirrai.

Suna sa a ciki: kwana biyu zuwa uku bayan an dage sanya qwai, mace ta bar gida, kuma namiji ya kasance a tsare. Yana yin sati uku zuwa hudu, duk yayin da farjin yake yin azumi. Sannan kajin kyankyasar ya shiga haske. Mace ta koma ga kajin da rana don ciyar da su, tare da hana abinci. A watan Fabrairu, maharbi ya riga ya bayyana a kajin kuma sun bar tsibiran da suka haife su.

Barazanar

Yawan yawan penguin da aka murguda, a cewar IUCN, na cikin hadarin. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa a cikin shekaru arba'in da biyar da suka gabata, yawan jama'a ya ragu da kusan rabi. Wannan shi ne saboda nests al'ada kawai akan wasu tsibiran. An jera jinsunan kamar yadda ake cikin haɗari a cikin littafin Red.

Rubuta wani bita a kan labarin "Big Crested Penguin"

Bayanan kula

An tsame shi daga Manyan Shahararren Shagon

"Amma wannan ba daidai bane, baba." - Na yi fushi.
"Shin, ba ku kula da abokanku a makaranta - ko da yaushe sukan ce ba abin da aka rubuta ba?" - Na ji kunya. ya sake kasancewa daidai, kamar yadda koyaushe. - Wannan saboda iyayensu sun koya masu su zama kyawawan dalilai masu biyayya da biyayya da samun maki mai kyau. Amma basu koyar da su yin tunani ba. Wataƙila saboda ba su yin tunanin kansu da gaske. Ko wataƙila saboda tsoro an riga an saka zurfin cikin su. Don haka suka motsa abubuwan haɗin gwiwar su, Svetlenaya, don nemo wa kaina abin da yafi mahimmanci a gare ku - alamun ku, ko tunaninku.
"Amma kowa zai ji tsoron yin tunani, baba." Bayan haka, babu wanda ya ji tunaninmu. Me ya kamata a ji tsoron?
- Ba su ji. Amma kowane tunani mai da hankali ya samar da hankalin ku, Haske. Kuma lokacin da tunanin ku ya canza, to, ku canza tare da su. Kuma idan tunanin ku daidai ne, to, wataƙila su, wasu mutane ba sa son. Ba duk mutane ne suke son yin tunani ba, kuna gani. Mutane da yawa sun fi son zargi da laifi a kan ɗayan wasu, kamar ku, kuma su kansu suna kasancewa "masu aiwatarwa" kawai na sha'awar wasu mutane na tsawon rayuwarsu. Kuma farin ciki a gare su, idan guda "masu tunani" ba suyi yaƙi a cikin gwagwarmayar neman iko ba, saboda a lokacin wasan ba gaskiya ne na mutuntakar ɗan adam ba, amma karya, fahariya, tashin hankali, har ma da laifi, idan suna son kawar da waɗanda suke tunani tare da su " daga wurin. " Saboda haka, tunani na iya zama da haɗari, Haske na. Kuma duk abin dogara ne akan ko zaka ji tsoron sa ko kuma idan kaga fifikon mutuncinka na dan Adam ka sanya tsoro.
Na hau kan babana a kan gado mai matasai kuma na hau kusa da shi, na kwaikwayi (fushinsa sosai) Grishka. Kusa da mahaifina, koyaushe ina jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali. Da alama babu wani mummunan abu da zai iya riskar da mu, kamar babu wani mummunan abu da zai iya faruwa da ni lokacin da nake kusa da shi. Wanne, ba shakka, ba za a iya faɗi game da disheveled Grishka ba, tun da shi ma ya yi amfani da sa'o'in da aka yi tare da baba kuma ba zai iya tsayawa ba lokacin da wani ya mamaye waɗannan sa'o'i. Ya saurare ni cikin rashin mutunci kuma duk kamannin sa ya nuna cewa zai kyautu a gare ni in fita daga nan da wuri. Na yi dariya kuma na yanke shawarar barin shi a natse cikin nishaɗin jin daɗin da yake ƙaunarta a gare shi, kuma na je na shimfida ɗan kaɗan - wasa a cikin yadi tare da maƙwabta na kusa da dusar ƙanƙara.
Na kirga ranakun da sa'o'in da suka rage har ranar haihuwarmu ta goma, naji kusan 'sun girma' tuni, amma, ga babban kunya na, ban sami damar mantawa da "mamakin ranar haihuwata" na minti daya ba, wanda ba shakka, ba komai bane. tabbatacce zuwa guda na "girma" bai kara.
Ni, kamar kowane yara a duniya, na ƙaunaci kyautai. Kuma yanzu, na kwanaki ƙare, tana mamakin abin da zai iya zama, wanda, a cewar kakata, tare da wannan amincewa ya kamata in “son shi” sosai.
Amma jira bai daɗe sosai ba, kuma ba da daɗewa ba an tabbatar da cewa yana da daraja sosai a ...
A ƙarshe, ranar “ranar haihuwar” safiya ta zo, sanyi ne, mai walƙiya da rana, kamar yadda ya kamata a ranar hutu ta ainihi. Iskar ta “fashe” daga sanyi tare da taurari masu launi da kuma “rag” a zahiri, yana tilasta masu tafiya da ƙafa suyi sauri fiye da yadda aka saba. Dukkaninmu, muna fita zuwa farfajiyar gidan, muna da ban sha'awa, kuma "kowane abu mai rai" a zahiri ya zubo tururi a kusa da mu, abin ban dariya yana sa kowa ya yi kama da injuna masu ɗorawa masu launuka iri-iri suna sauri a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban.
Bayan karin kumallo, ban iya zama ba har yanzu kuma in tafi "wutsiya" don mahaifiyata, jiran lokacin da na ga ƙarshe na "mamaki". Abin mamakin, mahaifiyata ta tafi tare da ni zuwa gidan makwabta kuma na kwankwasa kofa. Duk da cewa makwabcinmu mutumin kirki ne, ko wacce alaƙa zata iya kasancewa da ranar haihuwata wani sirri ne a gare ni.

Penguin da aka danganta (penguin dutsen, Eudyptes chrysocome) - wani nau'in tsuntsu ne na iyo daga nau'in penguins wanda aka sanya shi, ya hada da biyan kuɗi guda uku: Kudancin da aka tono (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome), Penguin na gabas (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi chyudy), arewa. Ana samun ƙananan kudurorin a tsibirin Falkland, a bakin tekun Argentina da Chile, gabas - a tsibiran Marion, Prince Edward, Croset, Kerguelen, Hurd, MacDonald, Macquarie, Campbell da tsibirin Antipodes, arewa - a tsibiran Tristan da Cugna, Saint -Paul da tsibiran Amsterdam.

Wannan ɗan ƙaramin ƙaramin penguin ne: tsawo 55-62 cm, nauyi 2-3. Canza launi ya saba wa penguins: launin shuɗi-baki da fari na ciki. Kayan baki da launin toka a bango da fari a gaban. A kan manyan tsuntsayen akwai kankararren “girare” mai rawaya, tare da tassels, musamman tsayi da shaggy a jikin tsibiran Tristan da Cugna. Idanun suna masu ja, sumba mai tazara mai launin ja-kasa-kasa. Allumai sunyi launin ruwan hoda, gajera, kasancewa a bayan jiki, kusa da bayan ta. Tsarin shine mai hana ruwa ruwa, gashin fuka-fukan su ne 2, 9 cm tsayi.

Penguins da aka rufe suna yawanci suna samar da manyan yankuna ta amfani da jigilar dutse, farantin lawa, maɓuɓɓugan bakin teku, mafi yawan lokuta kusa da albatrosses. A tsibiran da ke da ƙasa mai haɓaka, suna tono albarkatun ƙasa da burrows na ainihi, yawanci a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙan da mutane sama da ciyawar perenni. Gidaje suna yin layi tare da pebbles, ciyawa, ƙananan kasusuwa. Yawancin lokaci amfani da gida ɗaya don shekaru da yawa.

Penguins da aka danne suna buƙatar ruwa mai tsafta, saboda haka galibi suna gida kusa da jikin ruwan da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Yin haifuwa yana farawa a watan Satumba-Oktoba a arewa, a watan Nuwamba - Disamba a ƙarshen kewayon. Penguins da aka suturta sune masu auren mace daya. Nau'i nau'i nau'i tsawon shekaru. Yawancin lokaci, mace tana sanya biyu, da wuya ƙwai uku, tare da hutu na kwanaki 4-5. Eggan fari na ɗaukar kimanin 80 g, na biyu game da g 10. Yawancin lokaci ƙyan kaji ne kacal. A cikin yawan yankuna dangin arewa da gabas, kuli biyu a cikin tsintsiyar da babu su. A kudanci da aka sanya dan kudanci, duka kajin zasu iya rayuwa karkashin yanayi mai kyau. Bayan ya sa kwai, matar ta mika wa namiji, wanda ke ɓoye ta a cikin rufin ciki kuma ba ya rabuwa da shi duk lokacin da za a haɗa shi, har tsawon watanni 4. Bayan sun kai sati 10 da haihuwa, ƙaramin molt kuma ya zama yayi kama da manya.

Penwararrun penguins suna ciyar da krill, sauran ɓawon burodi, da ƙananan kifi. A lokacin shiryawa qwai, namiji ba ya barin filaye, wani lokacin macen ta maye gurbin shi, wani lokacin yakan kankantar da shi duk lokacin da yake kwantawa.Hakanan yana sanyayayawar jarirai, kuma idan mace bata bayyana akan lokaci tare da wani yanki na abincin, namiji zai ciyar da kawun tare da madara “penguin”, wanda aka kirkira sakamakon narkewar abinci.

Crested penguins ne da wuya a samu sau ɗaya. Yankunan su suna da yawa. Duk da ƙananan girman su, penguins da aka ɗauka suna da m. Tsuntsayen suna magana da ƙarfi, suna yin ihu mai ƙarfi. A ƙarshen bazara, penguins da aka danne suna barin yankin kuma suna ciyar da watanni 3-5 a teku, suna samun mai.

Penguins suna jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido zuwa tsibirin Falkland kuma sune manyan abubuwan sha'awar tsibiran. Kifi da ba a sarrafawa yana hana penguins na abinci, wani dalili kuma da ke hana ci gaban alumma shi ne gurbatar da ruwa ta hanyar gurbataccen mai da sharar gida. A wasu tsibiran, penguins da aka shafe suna fama da aladu, karnuka, da dawakai da mutane suka gabatar. Tsawon rayuwar penguin da aka suturta shine daga shekaru 10 zuwa 25.