Chub ko smut ko smut - kifi mallakar asalin halittar dace, dangin cyprinids. Wannan kifin ruwa ne mai tsafta, wanda tsayin jikinsa ya kai santimita 80, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 8.

Chub yana da babban kai, dan kadan a kwance a saman. An rufe jikin tare da manyan sikeli. Ruwan chub na ciyar da kananzir, 'yan kwari, kwari da sauran kifayen.

Chub ya bambanta da dangi ta hanyar kai mai ƙarfi tare da goshi mai fadi, siffar jikin sili da babban sikeli. Yawancin girma shine yawanci ana hade shi da dace, amma ana iya sanin cub a farkon gani, saboda yana da fadi da fadi. Har ila yau, yana da faffadar baya da duhu. Amma, gabaɗaya, akwai abubuwa da yawa kamance tsakanin chub da dace, saboda haka suna cikin asalin halittar. Wani fasali na musamman shine, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, jikin cylindrical, siffar hakoran pharyngeal da lambar su.

Chub (Squalius cephalus).

Chub kyakkyawan kifi ne. A baya yana da launin koren duhu mai duhu, kusan baƙi, kuma bangarorin suna da silvery, kaɗan suna kashe yellowness. Wasu Sikeli suna da haske mai duhu mai duhu wanda aka kafa daga ɗigon baki. Analyasai na farji da na hanji suna da ja kuma firam na pectoral ne orange. Wutsiya da gashin tsuntsu sunyi shuɗi mai duhu.

Idanun chub manya ne, masu haske. Gabaɗaya, chub shine mafi kusanci ga ide, amma jikinta yayi tsawo kuma goshinta yana da fadi.

Wadannan kifayen suna iya samun bayyanar yanayin dan kadan daban-daban dangane da shekaru, mazauni da lokacin, dangane da abin da wasu mutane ke ganin cewa waɗannan nau'ikan chubs ne daban. Amma duk bambanci yana cikin launi da ƙusoshin ƙirar da siffar kai.

Waɗannan kifaye suna yaɗu sosai, ana iya samunsu kusan ko'ina cikin Turai - daga Spain zuwa gabashin ɓangaren ƙasarmu. Wataƙila chub ba ya rayuwa ne kawai a Siberiya, amma yana iya zama ba a cikin Arctic da White Sea ba. A kowane hali, mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune a tsakiyar Rasha. Yana da matuƙar wuya a cikin ƙananan Don da Volga, kuma yana guje wa tekun gaba ɗaya. Amma a cikin koguna na tsibiri na lardin Crimea, chub yana daya daga cikin kifayen da suka fi yawa. A cikin Transcaucasia, a fili, maimakon chub, danginsa suna zaune.

Chub yayi ƙoƙari kada ya iyo a cikin koguna tare da jinkirin hanya, wannan kifin ya fi son koguna masu sauri tare da ruwan sanyi. A arewa maso yamma da sassan gabashin kasarmu, ana samun chub a daidai wurin da trout da launin toka. Haka kuma, ana iya samun cubs sau da yawa a cikin irin wannan ruwan sanyi, wanda wasu nau'in dangin cyprinid basa rayuwa, sai dai ƙanana da cha.

Chub dangin kifi ne.

A cikin tabkuna, chub yana da matukar wuya, amma yana zaune a Ilmen, Lake Chukhlovsky kuma da wuya ya samu daga Volga zuwa Seliger. A cikin tafkunan ruwa na kwarara-ruwa, wadannan kifin ba su rayuwa, amma idan har yanzu sun zauna a nan, to suna zama a saman ruwa. Amma a cikin tafkunan za ku iya haɗuwa da chubs, idan akwai ingantaccen ruwa mai tsabta.

A karkashin yanayin rayuwa mai kyau, chub ya girma zuwa manyan girma; a cikin wannan nuna, har ya wuce ide. Mafi yawan nauyin chub shine kilo 4, amma wani lokacin mutane masu nauyin kilo 6-8 sukan zo wucewa. Kuma idan akwai wadataccen abinci, to, chub na iya isa da girmaje. Shahararren masanin binciken dabbobi Dombrowski ya ce a lardin Kiev ya lura da garken kyu, wanda ya kunshi mutane 20, wanda tsayin jikinsa ya kai santimita 110, kuma waɗannan gwanayen sun auna kilo 20 20 akalla. Mafi m, wannan nauyin ba a ƙara faɗi ba, tunda mutane masu tsayi-tsaran mita, a matsayin mai mulkin, kada ku ɗauki nauyi fiye da kilo 16.

Chubs suna girma da sauri fiye da na banza. An kiyasta cewa tsawon rayuwar su kusan shekaru 18 ne. Kuma, kamar yadda ka sani, kifi yana girma cikin rayuwa duka, amma daga wani lokaci ci gaban su yana raguwa. Irin wannan ci gaba da aka samu yana nuna bambancin kifayen da dabbobi. Wannan yanayin kifin yana da matukar muhimmanci ga kamun kifi, saboda a sakamakon haka, ana ɗaukar kusan fa'idodi ga dabbobi da kiwo. Amma wannan ya shafi aikin kifi na tafkin-tafki ne, tunda ba a fasa kifi a cikin koguna ba.

Ruwan chub yana da babba babba.

Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, chubs sunfi son manyan koguna. Wadannan kifayen suna guje wa koguna masu ƙasa da laka, suna zaune ne kawai inda gindin ɗin ya zama dutse ko yumɓu. Amma akasin, akasin haka, yana zaune ne a ƙasan laka. Sabili da haka, doka ta zartar - inda aka samo adadin adadi masu yawa, ba za a sami yawancin chubs ba. Don haka, duk da cewa waɗannan kifaye suna da alaƙa, akwai bambance-bambance masu girma a tsakanin su. Misali, a cikin kwarin kogin Moscow akwai yawancin chubs fiye da guraben ides, amma a tsakiyar hanya akwai kusan sau 10 fiye da ides.

A cikin hanyar rayuwa tsakanin chubs da trouts, akwai abubuwa da yawa kamance. Wadannan kifayen sun gwammace sandbanks da daskararren dutse tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Bugu da kari, adadi mai yawa na cubs suna zama a karkashin dazuran kurangar, a karkashin kwari na baki da kwari, saboda akwai kwari da yawa. A cikin gadaje tare da ciyawar ciyawa, chubs suna da wuya sosai.

Ko da a lokacin bazara, waɗannan kifayen ba sa fita ta tashoshi, amma suna riƙe da bututun da suka yi amfani da shi. Dangane da wannan, chubs kusan ba a cikin tabkuna masu ambaliyar ruwa ba, wanda ake samun wutsiya, rokoki, kifin tuka ɗaya da kwamba.

A watan Fabrairu, lokacin da farkon girgizar farko, waɗannan kifaye suna farkawa daga ƙarar da suke a lokacin kaka. Suna fitowa daga cikin ramuka masu zurfi zuwa ƙananan wurare tare da isowar ruwa, fara iyo tare da kwarara kuma suna shiga ƙananan tashoshi. Irin wannan motsi a cikin bazara na chubs ana yin shi cikin fakitoci wanda ya ƙunshi mutane kimanin shekaru ɗaya. Wadannan dabbobin suna da yawa ko numerousasa da yawa, duk sun dogara da wurin, amma ba su da girma kamar garken kogo.

Chub a ƙugiya.

Chubs sun fara tsinkayewa a cikin shekara ta 3, tare da nauyin jikin mutum kusan 200 grams. Amma wannan nuna alama ya shafi yawan abinci.

Mace sun fi maza yawan shekaru. A cikin Kogin Moscow, mata tare da caviar suna da nauyin 400 fiye da 400. Manyan mutane suna farawa, kuma ƙananan sun gama. Mafi yawanci, mata sun fi maza yawa. Chubs koyaushe suna sanya ƙwaiyensu a kan ƙananan yaduwa tare da ƙananan dutse da ƙarfi mai halin yanzu.

A cikin kudu na ƙasarmu, ana yin istigfari a cikin chubs a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu. A tsakiyar ƙasar, wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu. Amma yanayin yanayi yana shafar lokacin damuwa.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, chub yana sanya qwai kamar kwana 10 bayan manufar, lokacin da adadin ruwa ya yawaita sannan ya zama mai sauki. A cikin manyan koguna, alal misali, a cikin Volga da Oka, waɗannan kifin ba su da matsala, saboda wannan dalili, kifayen suna amfani da ƙananan tashoshi.

An rubuta farkon cubs a kan Kogin Moscow a cikin 1890. A wannan shekara, chubs tare da caviar an riga an kama su a farkon Afrilu. Amma maza tare da madara mai nauyin gram 200 sun kama a ƙarshen Mayu. Daga abin da ya biyo baya ne cewa lokacin tsallakewar ya wuce watanni 2. Hakanan an tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar cewa a cikin Satumba zaku iya haɗuwa da matasa chubs game da santimita 13 da sauran su - kimanin tsawon santimita 4. Na biyu matasa girma na wani ƙarshe ƙarshe. Ubarancin uban itace farkon ofan matasa. Mafi yawan lokuta, basa rayuwa har sai lokacin bazara, saboda a cikin kaka ana lalata su da zalunci ta hanyar kifayen kifayen da yawa.

Chub - kifi mai tsabta.

Chub roe ruwan lemo mai launi ne kuma girmansa yayi kama da iri mai gogewa. Wannan shine, launi da girman ƙwayar chub caviar sun bambanta da na sauran nau'ikan cyprinids. Mace mai nauyin gram 600 tana da kwai kusan dubu ɗari, yana bin cewa manyan mata na iya samun fiye da miliyan. Wato, chub na daya daga cikin manyan kifayen.

Lokacin da aka ga karancin chub a wasu yankuna, kuma sunada karanci adadi ga kifin, roach da bream, wannan yana nuna cewa caviar na yanzu, kuma bashi da lokacin yin takin tare da manne da duwatsu da sauran abubuwan ruwa. Bugu da kari, yawancin caviar abinci ne ta hanyar kifi. A cikin kogunan da ba su da yawa sosai kwarara na madara akwai sosai cewa ruwan ya zama fari. Ciyar da kowane garken baya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa, zai ɗauki 'yan awanni kawai. Haka kuma, wataƙila, mazan ba su saki madara bi da bi ba, amma a lokaci ɗaya.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.