Dabbobin ban mamaki. Yana da adadi na doki, raƙuman zebra da dogon, harshe mai tsere - Okapi, kusan dabba ne. An ɓoye shi cikin gandun daji na Afirka na dogon lokaci. Masu bincike sun gano shi a cikin 1890.

Dabba ya kai girman 1.7 m. Tsawon jikin mutum mai yiwuwa ne har zuwa mita 2.2. Nauyin nauyin kilogram 350. Matsakaicin matsakaita a zaman talauta shine shekaru 30, ba a san asalin mazaunin halitta ba. Gidajen daji na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo.

Giraffes sune kawai dangin Okapi. Ba zakuyi tunanin shi ba a karo na farko. Har sai dabbar ta fitar da harshenta. Harshen yayi kama da harshen raƙumi: mai haske, mai tsayi, mai sauƙin yanayi, mai dacewa don tattara ganye. Kamar raƙumin daji, kafafu na gaba na okapi sun fi tsawon kafafun kafa. Kuma wuyan ya fi tsayi, misali, doki, amma ba zai iya gasa da wuyan raƙumiya ba. Wani fasali na yau da kullun tare da giraff: suna tafiya lokaci guda tare da hagu na gaba da na baya.

Hakanan ana kiranta Okapi "rakumin daji," ko "Girgiza mai gajere." Amma okapi yayi sauti mai yawa. Ko ba haka ba?

Dabba mace ta tashi sama da abokin tarayya kuma tana da nauyin kilo 25-30 fiye da shi. Wannan abin al'ajabi ne saboda matakan raƙumi suna da akasin haka: bambancin girman ya wuce 1.5 m - a madadin maza.

Waɗannan dabbobin dabbobi ne, don haka ba kasafai aka same su a waje da rukunin mating ba. An haɗa su zuwa ƙasarsu. A cikin kurmi mai kauri suna dogara da kunnuwansu. Mata suna da ajali, kafaffen yanki waɗanda suke jin warinsu.

Jariri ya riga ya zama rabin sa'a bayan haihuwa a ƙafafunsa. Uwa tana kare zuriyarta daga abokan gaba - musamman akan damisa.

Lokacin da ta cika shekaru uku, mace tayi balaga. Saboda tsawon lokacin daukar ciki (yana tsawan watanni 15) kuma saboda suna haihuwar guda kawai, masarautar okapi tayi a hankali.

Wannan yana daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa wadannan dabbobi ke zama karami da kanana. Wani dalili kuma shine mutumin da yake lalata yanayin rayuwarsa koyaushe.

Ana son sanin komai

OKAPI (Okapia johnstoni) - Dabbobin dabbobi na dabba. Zai zama mai wahala ga Zaire. Yana zaune a cikin wuraren dazuzzukan ruwa na wurare masu zafi, inda yake ciyar da tsiro da ganyayyaki na nono, da 'ya'yan itaciyar tsire-tsire iri daban-daban

Wannan wata babbar dabba ce mafi girma: tsawon jikin mutum yakai kimanin 2 m, tsawo a kafadu shine 1.5-1.72 m, nauyin kuma shine kimanin kilogram 250. Ba kamar raƙumi bane, wuyan yana da matsakaicin tsayi a cikin okapi. Dogayen kunne, manyan idanu masu ban mamaki da wutsiya suna ƙare da ƙoshin gogewa sun dace da bayyanar wannan dabbar da take cike da ban mamaki. Launi sosai peculiar: jiki yana da launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi, kafafu sun yi fari da duhu mai ratsa jiki akan cinya da kafaɗa. A kan maza akwai ƙaramin ,an ƙananan fata, mai rufe da fata tare da “tukwici” waɗanda ake maye gurbinsu kowace shekara. Harshen yana da tsayi da bakin ciki, mai sheki a launi.

Auki giraff, ƙara zebra a ciki ka sami OKAPI.

Tarihin gano okapi na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a yanayin karni na karni na 20. Bayanin farko game da dabba da ba a san shi ba ya karɓa a 1890 daga sanannen matafiyin nan G. Stanley, wanda ya yi nasarar isa zuwa gandun daji budurwa na Kongo Kongo. A cikin rahotonsa, Stanley ya ce cewa magabatan da suka ga dokinsa ba su yi mamaki ba (sabanin abin da ake tsammani!) Kuma sun yi bayanin cewa an samo irin waɗannan dabbobi a cikin dazuzzukarsu. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka, Gwamnan Yuganda na wancan lokacin, Bafaransheen Johnston ya yanke shawarar bincika kalmomin Stanley: bayanai game da “dawakan daji” da ba a san ko su waye ba. Koyaya, a cikin balaguro na 1899, Johnston ya sami tabbacin kalmomin Stanley: na farko, magabatan, sannan farin mishan Lloyd, ya bayyana Johnston fitowar “doki daji” kuma ya ba da rahoton sunan garin - okapi.

Bayan haka Johnston ya kasance mafi sa'a: a cikin Fort Beni, 'yan Belgium sun ba shi kashi biyu na fata na okapi! An tura su zuwa London ga Royal Zoological Society. Binciken su ya nuna cewa fatar ba ta cikin kowane sanannen zebras, kuma a cikin Disamba 1900 masanin binciken dabbobi ya buga bayanin sabon nau'in dabba, yana ba shi suna "dokin Johnston."

Sai kawai a watan Yuni na 1901, lokacin da aka aiko da cikakken fata da kwanyar biyu zuwa Landan, ya juya cewa ba sa cikin doki, amma suna kusa da ƙasusuwa na dabbobin da ke daɗewa. Wannan, sabili da haka, kusan sabon abu ne. Don haka, sunan zamani na okapi an halatta shi - sunan da aka yi amfani da shi na dubban shekaru a tsakanin tsararru daga gandunan Ituri. Koyaya, okapi ya kasance kusan m. Har ila yau, ba a sami biyan bukatar na gidan matan ba.

A cikin 1919 kawai, Antwerp Zoo ta sami masaracin farko na matasa, wanda ya zauna a Turai kwanaki 50 kawai. Bayan 'yan ƙarin ƙoƙarin da aka ƙare cikin gazawa. Koyaya, a cikin 1928, wata mace Okapi mai suna Tele ta isa gidan Antwerp. Ta rayu har zuwa 1943 kuma ta mutu saboda yunwar yayin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu. Kuma a cikin 1954, duk a cikin gidan guda ɗaya na Antwerp an haife farkon okapi ɗan, wanda, rashin alheri, ba da daɗewa ba ya mutu. An sami nasarar farko na nasarar okapi a shekarar 1956 a cikin Paris.

A halin yanzu a Epulu (Jamhuriyar Congo, Kinshasa) akwai tashar musamman don kamawa da rai okapi. A cewar wasu rahotanni, an adana okapi a cikin gidajen namun daji 18 a cikin duniya kuma ana yin su cikin nasara.

Har yanzu dai bamu san komai game da rayuwar okapi a cikin daji ba. 'Yan Turai kalilan ne suka ga wannan dabba gabaɗaya a cikin yanayin halitta. Rarraba okapi yana iyakance ga wani karamin yanki a cikin Kasuwancin Kongo, wanda ke cike da tsaunukan da ba a iya amfani da su. Koyaya, a cikin wannan tsararren daji, ana samo okapi a cikin 'yan wurare wurare da ke kusa da koguna da farin ciki, inda ciyayi masu girma daga saman bene ke gangara ƙasa.

Okapi ba zai iya rayuwa karkashin ci gaba da kwandon daji ba - ba su da abin da za su ci. Abincin okapi ya ƙunshi ganye ne: tare da harshensu mai tsayi da sassauƙa, dabbobin suna kama ɗan ƙaramin daji sai kuma su huda ƙoshin tare da motsi. Lokaci-lokaci sukan yi kiwo a kan ciyawa tare da ciyawa. Kamar yadda binciken masanin dabbobi na likitan dabbobi De Medina ya nuna, okapi yana da mutuƙar kyau a zaɓin ciyarwa: daga cikin iyalai 13 na tsiro waɗanda ke ƙasa da matakin gandun daji, yana amfani da nau'ikan 30 kawai. An kuma samo gawayi da baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da yumɓu na nitrate daga bankunan koguna na gandun daji. A bayyane yake, wannan shine yadda dabba take rama don ƙarancin abincin ma'adinai. Ana ciyar da Okapi da rana.

Okapi dabbobi ne kawai. Sai kawai lokacin dabbar ta hanyar mace ta shiga namiji sai ya kwana. Wani lokacin irin waɗannan ma'aurata sukan kasance tare da ɗan bara, wanda saurayi ba ya jin ƙiyayya. Cutar ciki tana kimanin kwanaki 440, haihuwar tana faruwa ne a watan Agusta - Oktoba, lokacin damina. Don haihuwa, mace ta yi ritaya zuwa wurare masu nisa, kuma ɗan farin ya ta da ke na kwanaki da yawa, ta ɓoye a cikin lokacin farin ciki. Mama ta same shi ta hanyar murya. Muryar balagaggiyar okapi tana kama da tari mai daɗi, saboda ƙarancin muryoyin magana. Cuban ya yi sauti iri ɗaya, amma kuma yana iya yin laushi kamar ɗan maraƙi ko lokaci-lokaci ya yi kuwwa a hankali. Uwar tana da kusanci da jariri: akwai wasu lokuta idan mace tayi kokarin korar mutane daga jaririn. Daga cikin hankula a cikin okapi, ji da ƙanshi suna da haɓaka.

Okapi yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Afirka a cikin Basin Kongo (Zaire). Waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi ne, masu matukar jin kunya, masu kama da launi zuwa zebra, daga dangin giraffe. A Okapi yawanci ake kiwo su kadai, a hankali suna shuru cikin daji. Okapi suna da hankali wanda har bayyane koda wadancan maganganu basa iya tarko da su. Suna jawo wadannan dabbobin cikin tarko.

Okapi na iya yin abubuwa masu ban mamaki da harshen santimita arba'in, alal misali, lasaice a bayan kunnuwansu baki tare da jan iyaka. A cikin bakin a garesu yana da aljihu wanda zai iya adana abinci.

Okapi dabbobi ne masu tsari. Suna son kulawa da fatar jikinsu na dogon lokaci.

Har zuwa ƙarshe, har yanzu ba zai yiwu a yi nazarin rayuwa da halaye na okapi ba. Sakamakon karfin siyasa mai rikitarwa a Kongo tare da yakin basasa na yau da kullun, kuma saboda rashin tsoro da asirin dabbobi, ba a san komai game da rayuwarsu cikin 'yanci. Rashin ciyawar daji babu shakka yana shafar yawan mutane. Dangane da mafi yawan adadi masu mahimmanci, okapi yana da mutane 10-20 dubu 10 kawai. Akwai 45 daga cikinsu a cikin gidan Aljannar duniya.

Maza da mata suna da nasu wuraren abinci, amma waɗannan ba dabbobi ne na ƙasa ba, abubuwan mallakarsu sun mamaye su, wani lokacin kuma okapis na iya zuwa kuje tare cikin ƙaramin rukuni na ɗan wani lokaci. Okapi, kamar yadda kuka sani, shima yayi magana da junan ku ta hanyar amfani da sautuka "wauta" kuma sun dogara da sauraro a cikin dajin da yake kusa, inda basa iya gani sosai.

Suna ciyar da akasari akan ganye, ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da namomin kaza, wasun su an san cewa masu guba ne. An ba da shawara cewa wannan shine dalilin, har da komai, okapi kuma suna cin gawayi daga bishiyun da aka ƙone, wanda yake kyakkyawan maganin hana cin guba. Tare da cin abinci mai yawa iri iri, okapi kuma suna ci da yumɓu, wanda ke samarwa jikinsu mahimmancin gishiri da ma'adanai tare da abincin shuka.

Dabba tana da matukar ban mamaki bayyanar: gashin gashi mai launi ne na ruwan cakulan mai duhu tare da jan launi, an yi wa annan ƙafarta kafaffun kayan adon baki da fari, kuma akan kai (a cikin maza kawai) - ƙananan ƙaho biyu.

Haka kuma, harshe yana da girma sosai har da cewa okapi na iya wanke idanunsu. Kusan dabbar kilogram 250 ya kai mita biyu a tsayinsa tare da tsayi (a ƙusa) na santimita 160. Mata suna dan kadan sama da kawunansu.

Yaɗa

Kasar da kawai za'a iya samun yankin ta, ita ce Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Okapi yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu tsananin zafi a arewaci da gabashin kasar, alal misali, cikin rafin Salonga, Maiko da Virunga.

Ba a san yawan yalwar okapi a cikin daji ba. Tunda okapi dabbobi ne masu tsoro da sirri kuma, bugu da ƙari, suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasar da yakin basasa ya lalata, ba a san komai game da rayuwarsu gabaɗaya. Gashin daji, wanda ke hana su sararin samaniya, wataƙila ya ninka yawan jama'a. Atesididdigar takaitaccen adadin adadin okapi ana kiranta adadi daga dubu 10 zuwa dubu 20 da ke rayuwa cikin yanci [Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 1311 ba]. A cikin gidajen Aljannar duniya akwai 160.

Rayuwa

Kamar raƙuman daji masu dangantaka, okapi suna ciyar da ganyayyaki na huɗa: tare da harshe mai tsawo da sassauya, dabbobi suna kama ɗan ƙaramin daji sai kuma kwasfa suna barin ta tare da motsi. Bugu da kari, okapi suna cin ganye, ferns, namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kamar yadda binciken masanin dabbobi na likitan dabbobi De Medina ya nuna, okapi yana da mutuƙar kyau a zaɓin ciyarwa: daga cikin iyalai 13 na tsiro waɗanda ke ƙasa da matakin gandun daji, yana amfani da nau'ikan 30 kawai. An kuma samo gawayi da baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da yumɓu na nitrate daga bankunan koguna na gandun daji. A bayyane yake, wannan shine yadda dabba take rama don ƙarancin abincin ma'adinai. Ana ciyar da Okapi da rana. .

Okapi yana aiki da rana. Matan da suka manyanta sun bayyana wurare a bayyane, yayin da maza suke shiga tsakani kuma ba a ayyana su ba tare da bambanci ba. Okapi - dabbobi masu zama su kadai. Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya samunsu cikin kananan kungiyoyi, amma saboda waɗanne dalilai suka kirkiresu, har yanzu ba a sani ba.

Haihuwa ga okapi kwana 450 ne. Haihuwar offspringa dependsan ta dogara da yanayi: haihuwar haihuwa tana faruwa a watan Agusta-Oktoba, lokacin damina. Don haihuwa, mace ta yi ritaya zuwa wurare masu nisa, kuma ɗan farin ya ta da ke na kwanaki da yawa, ta ɓoye a cikin lokacin farin ciki. Mama ta same shi ta hanyar murya. Muryar wani dattijo okapi yayi kama da ajiyar zuciya. Cuban ya yi sauti iri ɗaya, amma kuma yana iya yin natsuwa kamar ɗan maraƙi ko kuma lokaci-lokaci yi kuwwa a hankali. Uwar tana da kusanci da jariri: akwai wasu lokuta idan mace tayi kokarin korar mutane daga jaririn. Daga cikin hankula a cikin okapi, ji da ƙanshi suna da haɓaka. . A cikin bauta, okapi zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30.

Tarihin gano okapi

Tarihin gano okapi na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a yanayin karni na karni na 20. Bayanin farko game da dabba da ba a san shi ba ya karɓa a 1890 daga sanannen matafiyi Henry Stanley, wanda ya sami damar isa zuwa gandun daji budurwa na Kongo Kongo. A cikin rahotonsa, Stanley ya ce cewa magabatan da suka ga dokinsa ba su yi mamaki ba (sabanin abin da ake tsammani) kuma ya yi bayanin cewa an samo irin waɗannan dabbobi a cikin dazuzzukan su. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka, Gwamnan Yuganda na wancan lokacin, Bafaransheen Johnston ya yanke shawarar bincika kalmomin Stanley: bayanai game da “dawakan daji” da ba a san ko su waye ba. Koyaya, a lokacin balaguro na 1899, Johnston ya sami tabbaci game da kalmomin Stanley: na farko, magabatan, sannan farin mishan Lloyd, ya bayyana Johnston fitowar “doki daji” kuma ya ba da rahoton sunan garinsa - okapi. Bayan haka Johnston ya kasance mafi sa'a: a cikin Fort Beni, 'yan Belgium sun ba shi kashi biyu na fata na okapi. An tura su zuwa London ga Royal Zoological Society. Binciken su ya nuna cewa fatar ba ta cikin kowane sanannen zebras, kuma a watan Disamba 1900, likitan dabbobi ya buga bayanin wani sabon nau'in dabba, yana mai lakabin "dokin Johnston." Sai kawai a watan Yuni na 1901, lokacin da aka aiko da cikakken fata da kwanyar biyu zuwa Landan, ya juya cewa ba sa cikin doki, amma suna kusa da ƙasusuwa na dabbobin da ke daɗewa. Wannan, sabili da haka, kusan sabon abu ne. Don haka, sunan zamani na okapi an halatta shi - sunan da aka yi amfani da shi na dubban shekaru a tsakanin tsararru daga gandunan Ituri. Koyaya, okapi ya kasance kusan m.

Har ila yau, ba a sami biyan bukatar na gidan matan ba. A cikin 1919 kawai, Antwerp Zoo ta sami masaracin farko na matasa, wanda ya zauna a Turai kwanaki 50 kawai. Bayan 'yan ƙarin ƙoƙarin da aka ƙare cikin gazawa. Koyaya, a cikin 1928, wata mace Okapi mai suna Tele ta isa gidan Antwerp. Ta rayu har zuwa 1943 kuma ta mutu saboda yunwar yayin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu. Kuma a cikin 1954, duk a cikin gidan guda ɗaya na Antwerp, an haifi pian farko okapi, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya mutu. An sami nasarar farko na nasarar okapi a shekarar 1956 a cikin Paris. A halin yanzu a Epulu (Jamhuriyar Congo, Kinshasa) akwai tashar musamman don kamawa da rai okapi. .