Yawancinsu sun saba da masu shayarwa kamar dabbobin gida, dabbobi masu kyau, ban dariya da abokantaka.

Amma a dabi'a, waɗannan mazaunan dabbobi masu haɗari ne waɗanda ko da waɗanda suke waje sun bambanta sosai da 'yan uwan ​​tamed. Daga gare su akwai wata barazana ga mutum da amfanin gona da aka shuka a gonar.

Siffofi da mazauninsu

A cikin 1930, an kama su a Siriya kamar dabba. Sha'awar wannan dabbar ta samo asali ne daga lamuran "Asalin Siriya," wanda yara ke wasa a cikin Assuriya ta dā. Zuriyarsa sun zama magabatan babban dangi na zamani.

An rarraba sassan dabbobi a cikin Asiya ta Tsakiya, yankuna gabashi na Yammacin Turai, sannan kuma sake yin matsuguni ga Sin da Amurka, an danganta su da amfani da dabbobi a matsayin kayan dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma mallakar halittu marasa ma'ana. Gaba ɗaya, fiye da nau'ikan 20 na nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na kai da ke rarrabewa daga cikin babban nau'in hamster hamster (talakawa) an ware.

Hoton mai farin ciki

Wannan karamin dabba har zuwa 35 cm tsayi, tare da jiki mai yawa, babba a kan ɗan gajeren wuya. Wutsiya ya kai cm 5. Weight on matsakaici har zuwa 600-700 gr. Earsanan kunnuwa, eriya a wuƙaƙen idanu da baki bayyanannun idanu a cikin manyan beads suna haifar da kyakkyawa don ingantaccen bunƙasa a kan gajeren kafafu tare da yatsunsu dauke da guntun lemu don tono ramuka da ramuka.

Dabbobin suna da kariya ta haƙoran haƙora masu ƙarfi, waɗanda aka sabunta su a rayuwa duka. Mayafin dusar kankara ya kunshi gindin gashi da kayan mara nauyi da ke bayar da kariya koda a kwanakin sanyi. Launin rigar yana yawanci launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa; mai gani mai kyau, baƙar fata da fari mutane ba su da yawa.

Akwai nau'ikan bred 40 da launuka masu launin ja, ruwan lemo da launin toka, aibobi daban-daban da wurare. Yankunan rarraba dabba dabba fadi da yawa saboda unpretentiousness. Zai iya daidaitawa kusan ko'ina: tsaunukan tuddai, steppes, belts, gandun daji - a cikin burrows yana ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba da mummunan yanayi.

Babban mazaunin shine samar da abinci. Dabbobi suna da matukar son wurare a gefen filayen hatsi, sau da yawa ana bin burbushin ƙasashensu kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa mai gona. Magungunan rigakafi iri-iri, ciyawar ganye a cikin narkar da ƙasa ke sa dabbobi su bar gidajensu su koma wasu wurare. Mazauna mutane suna jawo abinci mai yawa, saboda haka mazaunan ƙawaye sukan ziyarci garkunan dabbobi da wuraren shakatawa.

Wani fasali na masu shayarwa suna da ban mamaki mai ban sha'awa. Burrows ya isa girma masu girma a kwatanta tare da girman dabbobi: har zuwa 7 m fadi da kuma har zuwa 1.5 zurfin zurfi. A cikin kantunan, nauyin abincin da aka adana shine ɗaruruwan sau da yawa fiye da nauyin hamster mai matsakaici.

Pouches na ƙyalli na musamman a cikin ɗakunan wucin gadi na roba suna ba ka damar ɗauka ta hanyar ƙara girma sau da yawa zuwa gram 50 na abinci. Manoma na fama da asara daga masu sace-sace. Ci gaba da tsarin tsarin yin tsayayya da mamaye yawan ƙarfe. Su da kansu ma wani abu ne na farauta a cikin yanayi ga tsuntsaye masu cin naman alade da mujiya.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

A dabi'ance su, masu shayarwa sune masu ba da rance, masu tsaurin ra'ayi ga duk wanda ke shiga yankinsu. Suna kare dukiyoyinsu tare da masu girma har zuwa 10-12 ha. Girman maƙiya ba shi da mahimmanci, akwai lokuta na kai hari a kan manyan karnuka.

Idan sandunan da ke da alaƙa sun gudu daga haɗuwa da wani mutum, ƙanƙan hanu na iya kaiwa hari. Hannun kwari suna jin zafi, suna iya kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa, bar laceations.

Rashin nutsuwa yana bayyana kansa ga mutane daban-daban. Masu rauni ba sa barin rai da ƙarfi daga dangi mai ƙarfi idan sun ɗauke su a matsayin abokan gaba a lokacin matse ko kuma kawai lura da baƙon da ba sa so a kayan sawa. Ayyukan dabbobi yana bayyana ne a cikin lokacin magariba. Hamsters - ba dabbobi ba. A lokacin da suke ɓoye a cikin ramuka, sami ƙarfi don farauta mara tsoro.

Gidaje masu zurfin wurare suna 2 mita 2-2 a karkashin ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ta ba da izini, to, hamster zai tafi har zuwa dama. Dakin zaune yana sanye da kayan fita guda uku: "kofofin" biyu don sauƙaƙe motsi, na uku kuma yana kaiwa zuwa ɗakin dafa abinci tare da kayayyaki don hunturu rayuwar dabbobi.

Hamster yana amfani da abincin da aka tara kawai a cikin lokacin sanyi da lokacin bazara. A wasu lokutan na ɗan lokaci, abinci ya ƙunshi abinci daga yanayin waje. A saman ramuka a koyaushe akwai dugadugun ƙasa, an yayyafa shi da alkama daga hatsi. Idan gidan yanar gizo ya tara a ƙofar, to, za a yi watsi da mazaunin, mashaya suna tsaftace gidajensu.

Ba duk hamsters ba ne, wasu nau'in har ma sun zama fari saboda hare-hare kan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba wuya a iya lura dasu. Waɗanda suke tsammanin yanayi mai ƙarfi a cikin rashin isasshen barci lokaci-lokaci don farfaɗo da abin da suke tarawa. Lokacin da ƙasa ta fara dumama, a watan Fabrairu, Maris ko farkon Afrilu, lokacin farkawa ta ƙarshe ya zo.

Amma kafin ka fita gaba daya, hamster har yanzu yana ta murna akan wadatar kayayyaki, yana tara karfi, sannan ya bude hanyoyin shiga da fita daga ramin. Da farko, maza sun fito daga ramuka, kuma kadan kadan daga baya, mata.

Ana kafa dangantakar aminci tsakanin su domin lokacin matse, in ba haka ba wanzu sun kasance a daidaituwa daidai. Amazingarfin ban mamaki na hamsters don yin iyo sosai. Sun cika wuyan kuncinsu kamar jaket na rayuwa da ke riƙe su a ruwa.

Abincin Hamster

Abincin ƙwayoyin dabbobi ya bambanta kuma ya dogara da yawa akan yankin mazauninsu. Abincin hatsi zai yi nasara a cikin filayen, kayan lambu da kayan marmari a kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Akwai lokuta da yawa game da hamsters suna kaiwa ga kajin kaji idan babu wanda zai kare su.

A kan hanyar zuwa lambuna ko kayan lambu, dabbobi ba za su ƙi ƙananan kwari da ƙananan dabbobi ba. Abincin shuka iri-iri sun fi yawa a cikin abincin: hatsi masara, dankali, filawar pea, rhizomes na ganye da ƙananan ciyayi.

Kusa da gidan mutum hamsters cin abinci kowane abu, shi kyakkyawan malami ne. Mazauna koyaushe suna ƙoƙarin kawar da irin waɗannan maƙwabta. Duk abin da hamsters suka ci, hannun jari don hunturu ana tattara su daga hatsi da tsaba na iri.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rayuwar hamster

Hamsters sauri da kuma rayayye irin saboda cewa namiji yana da iyalai da yawa. Idan wani dangi mai ƙarfi ya rinjaye shi a cikin rigimar aure, to koyaushe zai sami wata mace don haihuwa.

'Ya'ya masu yawa ana haihuwar su sau da yawa a shekara, kowace zuriyar dabbobi tana ƙunshe da cubaya 5-15. Bayyanar makafi ne kuma mai kaikayi ne, hamsters sunada hakora, a rana ta uku kuma an lullube su da fulawa. Bayan sati daya, suka fara gani. Da farko suna zaune a gida karkashin kulawar uwa.

Mace na iya kulawa da ko da wasu mutane. Amma yara, idan ba su karɓi tushen ba, za su iya murƙushe shi. A cikin yanayi, dabbobi ba su rayuwa tsawon lokaci, har zuwa shekaru 2-3. A cikin bauta tare da kulawa mai kyau, tsawon rayuwa dabbobi masu shayarwa yana ƙaruwa zuwa shekaru 4-5.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ƙananan san sanduna, watanni 1-2 da haihuwa, shiga cikin duniyar mutane, ba su bambanta da tashin hankali ba. Sayi hamster don yaro, zaka iya jin tsoro, kawai kana buƙatar tuna cewa tashirsa mai sauri zai iya zama raunin hankali.

A lokaci guda, yana da fa'ida ga yara su bambance tsakanin Norman ta hamster daga sanannen zane mai ban dariya da halittar rai tare da bukatunsa da halayensa.

Dandali mai ma'ana da wasa, alal misali, 'yan Dzungarian, za su kawo farin ciki da annashuwa ga kowane dangi. Amma karamin mazaunin ƙaura yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa ga bukatunsa. Hamster na iya zama abin so na yara da manya.

Bayyanar

Babban wakilin hamster subfamily. Tsawon jikin mutum tsoho shine 27-34 cm, wutsiyarsa itace 3-8 cm, kuma nauyin jikin yana kan matsakaicin 700 g. Wutsiya tayi kauri a gindi, da sauri tayi fito zuwa ƙarshenta, kuma an rufe ta da gajeru gashi mai ƙima. Guguwar tana da tsayi tsaka-tsaki. Auricles suna da ɗan gajarta, an rufe shi da gashi mai santsi, duhu. Hannun hannu da ƙafa suna da fadi, yatsunsu kuma suna da faɗan shimfidar wurare.

Gashi yana da kauri da taushi. Launin fata yana da haske, yana musanyawa: jiki na sama a sarari yake, launin shuɗi, ruwan ciki ya baki. A gaban bangarorin akwai manyan fili biyu masu haske, galibi suna raba shi da facin baƙar fata. Hakanan akwai wuri mai haske a kan gefun kai da bayan kunnuwa, wani lokaci a cikin ɓangaren wuyan hannu. Sau da yawa akwai samfuran baki gaba ɗaya (melanists) ko baƙar fata samfurori tare da fararen siffa akan kafafu da makogwaro. An bayyana fiye da membobi 10. Launin launuka na hamsters a cikin kewayon yana haskakawa daga arewa zuwa kudu, girman jiki suna girma daga yamma zuwa gabas da kuma daga arewa zuwa kudu.

Yaɗa

Abinda aka fi amfani da shi ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ciyayi da kuma gandun daji, gami da cakuda ciyayin ciyayin Eurasia daga Belgium zuwa Altai da arewacin Xinjiang.

A Rasha, iyakar arewa da iyakar ta tashi daga Smolensk a arewa daga Rzhev zuwa Yaroslavl, Kirov da Perm; a arewacin lardin Perm, ta kai 59 ° 40 's. sh., a cikin Zauralie ta bi ta Yekaterinburg, ta haye Irtysh ta arewa daga Tobolsk da Ob a yankin Kolpashevo, daga inda ta sauka zuwa Krasnoyarsk. The Minusinsk steppe kafa yankin gabashin, inda hamster shiga kusan kwanan nan. Yankin kudu ya ratsa tekun Azov da Bahar Maliya zuwa Gagra, ya rufe yammacin Ciscaucasia, ya tashi daga arewacin hamada da kuma tsakiyar hamadar gabashin Caspian da Volga-Ural, ya haye da Volga a yankin Astrakhan. Daga nan sai ya nufi Kazakhstan, inda yake tafiya kimanin kashi 47 ° s. w. zuwa gindin kogin. Sarysu, ya kwace arewacin Betpak-Dala, tsakiya da arewa maso gabas na kananan tsaunukan Kazakh, kwari rr. Ko kuma Karatal, yankin ƙafafun arewa da gabashin Tien Shan, Alakol da zurfin Zaysan kuma tare da iyakar yamma da Altai yana zuwa gefen dama na Yenisei kusa da ƙauyen. Bey.

Rayuwa

Mafi yawa a cikin gandun daji-steppe, a cikin ciyawa da aka haɗe da ciyawa masu ciyawa. Tana ratsa yankin dajin ta hanyar magudanan ruwa da makiyaya mai kyau, har ma ta daji (a yankuna biyu da ke da iri da kuma dasa ruwa a ciki). A kudu na kewayon, yana manne da wuraren mara laima: kwarin kogi, baƙin ciki. Tana zuwa tsaunuka zuwa ƙananan iyakar gandun daji, kuma idan babu igiyar daji, to gonakin makiyaya ne. Yana zaune a cikin wuraren da aka noma - a tsarin shinkafa, gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, lambun kayan lambu har ma a cikin ginin mazaunin. A kan yashi da sako-sako da yankuna zauna sau da yawa fiye da a kan m kasa.

Twilight salon. Ranar tana ciyarwa a cikin rami, yawanci mai zurfi da hadaddun, yana kai 8 m a tsayi kuma fiye da 1.5 zurfin zurfi. Wasu lokuta yana ɗaukar kayan gopher. Burrow din na dindindin yana da 2-5, ba sau da yawa har zuwa fitarwa 10, ɗakunan gida da ɗamara da yawa. A waje da lokacin kiwo, talakawa hamster yana jagorantar salon rayuwa, shine m ga dangi da masu adawa.

Matsayin Kariya

Yawan nau'in ya ragu sosai lokacin da ya gabata [ yaushe? ] Shekaru 20 kuma yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma galibi kawai a yamma da arewa na kewayon. Kasashen Yammacin Turai sun yarda da tsare-tsaren kula da kasa na wannan nau'in. An kare ƙarancin hamster a Faransa, Belgium, Netherlands, Jamus, Poland, Belarus. A cikin 2009, an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Ukraine, kuma har zuwa 2012, a cikin Crimea, dabbar ta haifar da mummunar lalacewar aikin gona a cikin teku, gami da gonakin birni. A cikin yankin na Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha ana kiyaye shi a batutuwa 5 na federaungiyar. An kuma rage raguwar nau'in halittu a cikin wasu batutuwa na ɓangaren Turai na Rasha.

Yawan masu shaƙatawa yana da tsayayye a Kazakhstan da Siberiya, inda a cikin shekarun haɓakar yawan jama'a, zai iya zama lahani ga aikin gona. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin ya karu a gundumar Azov na yankin Rostov [ Ba a ayyana asalin kwana 529 ba ], a cikin gonar Krasnodar, kazalika a cikin Crimea, inda hamster shima yana haifar da lalacewa mai mahimmanci.

Darajar masana'antu

Har zuwa shekarun 1960, batun cinikin fata ne a Jamus, Czechoslovakia da Tarayyar Soviet. Koyaya, girbin kayan masana'antu ya daina zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 20. Kyaftin na hamster ba shi da ƙima, amma a dabi'a da launuka ana amfani da shi don yin ado da jaket na gashi, yara da kayan kwalliya.

Siffofin bayyanar hamsters

Duk hamsters suna da ɗan ƙarami, tsayin jikinsu daga 5 cm (don dwarf hamster) zuwa 30 cm (don talaka mai kira). Ana iya lura da wutsiyar ko baƙon abu ko ya wuce tsawon jikin. Dabbobin suna da nauyin gram 7 zuwa 700 dangane da iri-iri.

Duk hamsters suna da karamin karamin zagaye zagaye, gajeren paws tare da kaifi mai kaifi, karami (kuma a wasu nau'ikan manya manya) kunnuwa, bulging duhu idanu, dogon whiskers.

Jawo daga dabbobi yana da kauri, yawanci yana da taushi. Launi na baya na iya bambanta sosai: daga ash, launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa zuwa ja, zinariya ko kusan baki. Abun ciki shine mafi yawan lokuta haske.

Hankalin talakawa a cikin yanayin rayuwa.

Siffar halayyar hamsters ita ce huhun wucin gadi, waxanda suke da layu na fatar daga farawa daga tsakanin incisors da molars da kuma shimfidawa a waje da ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Motsin kunci ana shimfiɗa shi, yana barin dabba ta ɗauki kayan abinci masu yawa a cikin akwakunan (kogo). A cikin yanayi, irin waɗannan wuraren kwalliyar suna da na'urori masu amfani, musamman ga dabbobi, suna zaune a wuraren da abinci yake fitowa ba tare da kullun ba, amma a adadi mai yawa.

Dutsen hamster shine mai mallakar jakunkuna na ƙoshin ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba ku damar ɗaukar abinci mai yawa a cikin kwantena.

Kafafuwan gaba na waxannan jijiyoyin suna tuna wasu hannaye, wanda zai basu damar sarrafa abinci. Hamsters galibi suna yin halayen motsi, don barin abinci su tura shi gaba daga kunci.

Hamsters suna da karancin gani, amma suna da kyakkyawar fahimta da warin ji. Suna tattaunawa da juna ta amfani da ultrasounds da sicaks wanda kunnen mutum ya ji.

Abincin

Hamsters galibi dabbobi ne masu tsire-tsire. Tushen abincinsu ya ƙunshi tsaba, harbe, tushen amfanin gona (alkama, sha'ir, gero, gyada, wake, karas, dankali, beets, da sauransu), har da ganye da furanni.

Hamster yana ɗaukar ƙaramin tanadi, kamar tsaba, a cikin rami a cikin huhun huhun, da kuma manyan, alal misali, dankali, a cikin hakora. Yana adana abinci don hunturu, ya ci a ƙasa, ko ya ci a kan tabo (cikin yanayi mai natsuwa). Misali bera, bebaye, alal misali, na iya ɗaukar wake 42 a soya a cikin dakunansu na kunci.

Procreation

Yawancin jinsuna suna isa ga balaga ba da daɗewa ba bayan shayarwa ko ma a da. Misali, mace mai karamin karfi zata iya haihuwa lokacin da take da kwanaki 59.

Hanyoyin pre-Asia hamsters sun danyi hankali kadan kuma suka isa lokacin balaga yana da shekaru 57-70 kwana. A cikin yanayi, sun yi asali 1, aƙalla sau 2 a shekara, a cikin bazara da bazara, ko da yake a gida za su iya haihuwar zuriya duk shekara. Kawai ƙirar berayen mata a cikin yanayi na iya kawo brood 3 guda ɗaya a shekara. A matsakaita, akwai 9-10 cubs a cikin brood, wani lokacin har zuwa 22.

Ana shirin zama uwa, mace ta gina gida daga ciyawa, ulu da gashinsa. Cutar ciki na faruwa ne daga kwanaki 16 zuwa 20 (a cikin wani guri). An haife yara tsirara da makafi.

Kotuna masu sauki ne kuma gajeru, kamar dai duk dabbobin da aka samo kawai don ci gaba da tseren su. Bayan balaga, tururi ya watse, kuma wataƙila waɗannan maza da mata ba za su sake haɗuwa ba. Banda shi ne Dzungarian hamsters, waɗanda suke da iyaye masu ban mamaki kuma har ma suna zama baƙi na mata ga takwarorinsu. Uba yana taimakawa jarirai sabon haihuwa, tsaftace su daga ragowar mahaifa da lasafin hancinsu don basu damar numfasawa. Sannan ya zauna tare da mace da ‘yayan don sanya su dumama. Lokacin da uwa ta bar shayarwa, zai ci gaba da lura da jariran.

A cikin pre-Asia hamster, cubs aka wean yana da shekaru uku makonni. Kuma nau'ikan da suka fara tasowa sannu a hankali - hamster mai siffar masu amfani da linzamin kwamfuta - bazai kai girman girma ba har tsawon watanni 6.

Abokan gaba a yanayi

Ba abin mamaki bane, waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin a cikin yanayi suna da abokan gaba da yawa.Dawakai, fasiƙai, ɓaure, almubazzaranci, ƙarnuka, karnukan daji, mujiya, ƙwaiƙai da sauran tsuntsayen da ke farauta suna farauta. Rayuwar da ba ta dace ba tana ceton masu haɗari daga wasu haɗari, amma galibi dole ne su dogara ne kawai da taka tsantsan, disguwa da saurin paws. Tsare da wani abu ba daidai ba ne, ƙungiyar ta gudu zuwa ramin ta, tana ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa a cikin ta da sauri.

Hamsters da mutum

Don lokacin hunturu, a cikin wuraren bukukuwansu, abin da ke haifar da wadataccen kayan abinci (matsakaicin kilogiram 3-15), saboda ƙarancin ɗimbin jama'a, ba sa cutar da aikin gona.

Labari mai ban sha'awa shine alaƙar mutum tare da hamster talakawa. Yawan wannan nau'in a cikin 40s na karni na XX ya yi yawa, duk da cewa ana girbe fatalwowi sama da miliyan a shekara. Daga shekarun 70s, aka fara ƙaruwa da lambarta, musamman a Crimea. A farkon karni na XXI, ya hau kan tituna na sirri, a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni, yana kai ga yanayin da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba - mutane 136 a 1 ha. Ana lura da wannan nau'in a kai a kai har ma a bayan garin Moscow. A cikin Yammacin Turai a cikin shekarun 1970s, mashaya dubu 15 sun rayu a wasu yankuna akan yankin 1 km2. Babu shakka, tare da wannan lambar, nau'in kwaro ne, sabili da haka, an yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na warwatse a kansa, daga magungunan kashe qwari zuwa karnuka na musamman don murƙushe hamsters. A sakamakon haka, ire-iren jinsunan sun kusan bace a 'yan shekarun nan. A yau tana ƙarƙashin tsaro mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa, duk da haka, ba zai yiwu a sake lambobin ba.

Yawancin sauran nau'in hamsters basu da haɗarin lalata, mai yiwuwa saboda suna zaune ne a cikin mafi cunkoson jama'a kuma suna da yawan kiwo.

Babban Hamster Habitat

Hamwararren masassara yakan zaɓi wurare don abinci tare da isasshen abinci: steppes, daji-steppes, makiyaya da ciyawa har ma da ƙafafun wuraren tsaunuka (har zuwa 1000 m sama da matakin teku). Musamman maƙarƙashiya tana ƙaunar kusancin mutum da tsire-tsire masu al'adu, galibi yana haifar da lahani ga aikin gona.

Mazaunin wannan nau'in hamsters yana da faɗi sosai. Ana iya samunsa a cikin Urals, Altai, a cikin yankunan Kudancin Black Sea, Krasnoyarsk kuma a kan iyaka da China. A waje da Rasha, ana rarrabawa a cikin hanyoyin Kazakh kuma a cikin ƙasashen Turai dama har zuwa iyakar Belgium da Faransa. Gabaɗaya, yawan mazaunin gama gari suna da yawa sosai, amma a wasu yankuna na Rasha an jera shi cikin Red Book a matsayin nau'in haɗari. A cikin ƙasashen Turai, ana kiyaye wannan mutun, galibi saboda launinsa na yau da kullun da babban shahararren ciniki a kasuwancin fur.

Siffofin waje na hamster na yau da kullun

Wannan sandent din yana daya daga cikin manyan wakilan wannan nau'in. Tsawon ba tare da wutsiya ya kai cm 30 ba, akwai wani wutsiyar madaidaiciya wutsiya mai gajeren zango tare da gajeren wando 5-8 cm a girman.

Sauran bayyanar sun bambanta kaɗan daga mutane mai ban sha'awa: tsotse mai ban tsoro tare da ƙananan kunnuwa, kauri mai taushi, ƙyallen ƙyashi, ƙarancin ƙananan yatsunsu da yatsunsu mai kaifi. Babban fasali shine launi. Koma bayan hamster na yau da kullun launin shuɗi-baki, hanci, ƙanƙan kafafu da kafafu farare ne, ciki da nono na baki ne. Akwai alamun farin tabo a gefuna da bayan kunnuwa. Dalili ne saboda launi mai haske wadanda akullum su ne abun farauta. A cikin hoton da aka ɗauka a yankuna daban-daban na mazaunin dabbobi, zaku iya ganin bambanci a launinta dangane da wurin zama. Haka kuma akwai cikakkun launuka baki ɗaya, har da baki da fari tare da ƙananan aibobi masu launin shuɗi.

Al'adun dabi'a

A cikin daji, hamma guda. Sun gina dogon buri mai zurfi tare da ɗimbin ruwa don wadatar hunturu, lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin hunturu, da kuma hanyoyin shiga da yawa. Abubuwan alaƙa suna nuna alamar ƙasarsu kuma basu da izinin wasu abubuwan assha. Dabbobin suna haɗuwa ne kawai a lokacin tsinkayar mace a yankin mata, bayan haka namiji ya fita da sauri, saboda mace tana matukar tayarda hankali idan “saurayin” ya jinkirta to ya yi tsawo kuma yana iya kai masa hari. Mace takan zama ta biyu kuma ta haihu.

Hamster wani mazaunin garin ne, ba ya bacci kuma ya ɓoye a cikin ɗakinsa a cikin rana, kuma da farkon faɗuwar rana ya tafi kamun kifi, yana cin abinci mai yawa, yana cika kumatunsa don amfanin nan gaba kuma yana jujjuya su zuwa ɗakunan abinci. Ba su san takamaiman adadin kayan da za su ishe duk lokacin hunturu ba, don haka ya sanya kayan cikin kwatankwacinsa daidai gwargwadon abin da yake sarrafawa kafin sanyi na farko, sannan kuma ya shiga cikin tsananin sanyi. A matsakaici, kimanin kilo 10 na kayan abinci iri-iri ana ajiye su a cikin "sitar". An samo pant ɗin na Hamster tare da ajiyar fiye da 50 kg, mafi m, waɗannan sune tarin rayuwar shekaru da yawa. Abin lura ne cewa dabbar tana haɓaka nau'ikan abinci iri daban daban. Don haka a cikin rami ɗaya zaka iya samun nau'ikan hatsi daban daban: alkama, hatsi, buckwheat, masara, lupins, kayan lambu da albarkatu masu tushe da tushen - wannan shine abin da talakawa ke ci a cikin dogon hunturu.

A rodent a hankali kare da kayayyakin daga wasu dabbobi da dangi, zai iya shiga cikin fada. Lokacin da ya fusata, ya tashi a kan kafafunsa na baya, ya bayyana hakora masu ƙarfi kuma ya shirya tsalle. Wani matsakaicin ɗan ƙwanƙwasa ya tsallake da sauri yana gudana da sauri lokacin da ya tsere daga abokan gaba, amma cikin kwanciyar hankali yana tafiya a hankali. Godiya ga aikinta, ya sami damar rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 8.

Abincin na yau da kullun na hamster

Hankali na yau da kullun ba shi da ma'ana a cikin abinci mai gina jiki. Abincinsa ya dogara da mazauni. Tushen abincin shine hatsi, ganye da asalinsu, yana ƙaunar dabbobi da tushen albarkatu daga lambun ɗan adam. Da yardar rai yakan ci larvae na kwari, gwari, frogs harma da ƙananan jijiyoyi, alal misali, beraye. Abun ciki yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana iya narke kowane abinci.

Kiwo a cikin yanayi

Kodayake basur na yau da kullun loner ne, yana sake haihuwa da sauri. Lokacin yanka yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa Agusta. Namiji ya sami mace ta wari, ya hadiye ta ya bar yankin. Matar mace na daukar lokaci kadan.

Matasa an haife su makaho da tsirara, kuma har ya zuwa makonni biyu sai suka fara cika da ulu da buɗe idanunsu. Matar tana ciyar da su da madara tsawon makonni uku, sannan ta canza zuwa abincin da ake samu. A shekaru 4-55, 'yasu sun bar mahaifar su kuma gina sabbin dabbobinsu. A lokacin bazara, mace tana iya kawo litteri na ofa ofan ofi 7-12 kowannensu.

Mata daga zuriyar dabbobi na farko a ƙarshen bazara sun riga sun sami zuriyarsu. Don haka, a cikin yanayi mai kyau, yawan jama'a na iya haɓaka cikin sauri.

Harshen hamster a gida

Farashin dabbobi a cikin shagon sun yi ƙasa, amma ba makawa ne cewa zaku iya samun hamster na yau da kullun a cikin su, don haka wannan baƙon dabbobi ne na gidan. Kodayake kiyaye irin wannan dabba ba ya haifar da wata matsala ta musamman, ba wasu da yawa za su yanke shawarar ɗaukar dabbar daji gida ba.

Don gidaje zaka buƙaci babban ɗakin amintacce. Saboda girman girmanta idan aka kwatanta da mutanen gida, yana buƙatar ƙarin sarari don motsi. M gaban wheel din don gudu. Idan wani bebe bashi da motsawa sosai, zai murmure sosai kuma yana iya rashin lafiya.

Kulawa shine kiyaye tsabta a cikin tantanin halitta, samar da abinci mai dacewa. Hamster yana buƙatar samar da isasshen kayan don ba da gida da kayan kwalliya, zai iya zama fararen takarda, sawdust, guda na Jawo. Don canza zuriyar dabbobi da tsaftace keji, dole ne a watsa dabbar daga ciki zuwa cikin kwandon shara, tunda mai sakin jiki ba zai bar masu waje su shiga cikin yankin sa ba kuma zai iya cizo. Bayanin rayuwarsa a yanayi yana gaya mana halinsa na yaƙi, har ma dabbobi mahallai ba sa zama abin saɓani.

A cikin abinci mai gina jiki, hamster na gaba daya ba shi da ma'ana. A gida, yana yiwuwa a ciyar da dabbar tare da samfurori daga teburin gida. Amma bai kamata mu manta cewa yana da kyau a kawo abincin da naman alade ya kusa da na halitta ba: ba da hatsi mafi yawa (hatsi na gida ma sun dace: buckwheat, gero, shinkafa), tushen amfanin gona a cikin raw da dafaffen nama, dafaffen nama. Karku ciyar da hamster shima mai yaji da abinci mai yaji, har da kayan lewi. Suga yana da matukar illa ga dabbobi, jikinsu ba zai iya jurewa da sarrafa yawancin glucose ba.

Ba abu mai kyau bane mutum yayi kyau a gida. A dabi'a, wannan dabbar ba ta zama a cikin nau'i-nau'i, ba zai yarda da wannan ba a zaman talala. Ya kamata a adana farji a cikin sel daban-daban, ana iya haɗa su kawai a daidai lokacin daskarewa kuma a bi wannan tsari a cikin lokaci don ware maza, har sai mace ta fara yin fushi kuma ta kai masa hari. Makonni 4-5 bayan haihuwa, ƙananan ham ham suna buƙatar sake komawa daga mahaifiyarsu, zai fi dacewa a cikin sel daban-daban. Idan ka barsu su zauna tare, rikice-rikice da fadace-fadace ba makawa.

Dangantaka da mutum

Ko da an haifi hamster a gida, ba zai zama dabba mai daraja ba. Wani mutum a gare shi shine, sama da duka, wata dabba da ke kewaye da yankin ƙasarta. Kankara na yau da kullun baya tsoron manyan mafarauta kuma ba tare da tsoro zai yi karo da duk wanda zai dame shi ba. A gida, kawai zai iya zama abin nishaɗar kallo.

A cikin daji, masarar talaka shine maƙiyin tsire-tsire na al'adun mutane kuma mai saurin kamuwa da cuta. Duk da cewa a wasu yankuna an jera shi a cikin Littafin Rubuce-Rubuce, a wuraren kusancinsa da mutum ya lalace.

A gida, hamster zai rayu shekaru 2-4 kuma zai gamsar da mazaunan tare da launinsa mai haske da son rai ta halitta.

A ina ne 'yan hamzinawa suka rayu a daji?

Wurin haifan dabbar shine Asiya, Siberiya, Kazakhstan. A cikin wurin zama na yau da kullun, dzhungariki sun fi so su zauna a cikin daji, busassun bushewa, ƙasa da mafi yawan lokuta a cikin daji-steppes. Sabili da haka, ana iya samun hamzinawa a gabashin Kazakhstan, arewa maso gabashin China da Mongolia.

Gidajen mazaunin Dzungarian a Rasha shine Yammacin Siberiya, yankuna na Kudancin Transbaikalia, Tuva, a cikin mashigar Minusinsk, Aginsky da Chui. Hakanan ana iya samunsa a cikin tsaunin Altai a tsaunin 2 zuwa 4,000 mita sama da matakin teku. Hamsters sun fi so su zauna a yankuna da ba a hako su ba, amma kuma sun yi haƙuri da maƙwabta tare da mutane.

Gidan gidan hamzarijan na burges ne a karkashin kasa, zurfin wanda zai iya kaiwa mita 1. A kan shi zaka iya bambanta jinsi da shekarun tshungarik. Youngyan samari suna da ƙanana da mara zurfi, mata suna da ƙari sosai, manya da manyan maza suna da girma. Burrows na Dzungarian hamsters suna da yawan rassa, hancin abubuwa da kyamarori da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su don kayan kwalliya, dakuna da dakunan wanka.

Me naman jeji na daji ke ci a daji?

Rashin kuskuren da 'yan kasar Dzungarian ke amfani da shi kawai a kan tsire-tsire ke ciyawa. A zahiri, kusan suna kan komai. Abinci ya bambanta. A cikin daji, dabbobi galibi sukan farauto kwari (ciyawa, kwari, tururuwa, kwiyo, kwari, kwari).

Hakanan, dabbobi suna cin berriesa berriesan itace, shootsanyen bishiran bishiyoyi, tsirrai da tushen tsirrai, tsirrai da hatsi. A cikin neman abinci, waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin sun sami damar yin tafiyar kilomita da yawa.

Don lokacin hunturu, ƙauna dzhungariki tana son tara hannun jari. Aya daga cikin mutum zai iya tara kilogram na hatsi da tsaba. Kuma wani lokacin hamsters suna ɓoye har zuwa kilogiram 90 a cikin taskokinsu. Hamsters suna son zama kusa da gidajen mutane, saboda haka kayan lambu daga lambun kayan lambu suna bayyana akan menu. Amma suna saurin lalacewa, saboda haka hammers sukan shiga cikin garken dabbobi don neman hatsi don cike kayan abinci.

Abokan halitta

Kamar kowane dabbar daji, ɗan Dzungarian yana da abokan gaba. Tunda hamsters suna zaune galibi a hamada da kuma kwari, tsuntsayen da suka farauto su ne manyan abokan gabansu. Yayin tafiyar rana da sauran wakilan wannan dangi suna farautar su, da daddare - kuliyoyi da mujiyoyi.

Ga ƙabilu masu zama a cikin gandun daji, magabatan ƙasa suna da haɗari musamman: dawakai, Wolves, lynxes, ermines, badgers, Martens, ferrets da sables. Hakanan kuma mai hadarin gaske ga tshungariks sune kuliyoyi da karnukan farauta, wadanda galibi suna kaiwa hari ga maharani wadanda suka zauna kusa da mazauna.

Daga harin kwatsam daga masu cin zalincin Dzungarian, abin da aka yi na ji mai kyau. Idan sauti shiru, to daji zai gudu don ɓoye a cikin gidansa mink ko wani wurin ɓoye. Idan sautin ya bambanta kuma yana da ƙarfi, kuma babu wata hanyar da za a ɓoye, to sai hamster din ta daskare a wuri, da fatan ba a ganewa. A yayin da wannan hanyar ba ta aiki, jungar ta tsaya a kan kafafunta na baya, ta ɗauki madaidaiciyar rawar gani kuma tana yin sautin tashin hankali.

Wannan hanyar tana taimakawa kare kanka. Hakanan zai iya amfani da haƙoran haƙoransa da haƙoransa yayin yin yaƙi da abokan gaba. Kuma wannan ba damuwa ba kawai masu hasara ba, har ma da abokan hamayyarsu: idan irin wannan ya ɓata cikin yankin wani, to nan da nan zai karɓi gargaɗin na farko.

Haka kuma, sauti mai kaifi an tsara su ba kawai don tsoratar da abokan gaba ba, har ma don sanar da dangi game da hadarin da ya faru. Wannan fasalin ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa lakabi "lakabin hamsters" an sanya wa dabbobi.

Dzhungariki - halittu masu karamin karfi, masu rauni, amma yanayi da kansa ya kula da kariyarsu. Ta ba da lada ga wawannan jinsin ta da wani mayafin dusar kankara wadda ta hade da mahalli; har a lokacin hunturu, dabbobi kan tauya da maye fata da farin. A cikin Turanci ana kiransu wannan hanyar - farin farin dwarf hamster - farin dwarf hamsters hunturu.

Don haka duk masu farautar da aka dauka tare ba zasu iya lalata halayen Dzungari a matsayin jinsin ba, kawai suna iyakance adadin kananan karnuka masu fure.

Tarihin asalin asalin hamzariyya

Abin mamaki shine, amma rarrabuwa wakilan wakilan duniyar dabbobi ya bayyana kwanan nan. Dabbobi saboda karamin girmansu bai jawo hankalin masu ilimin halitta ba na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, a kan lokaci, aka gano gaba ɗaya iyali - Hamsters, wanda daga baya ya haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan hamsters daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

A karon farko, shahararren masanin kimiyya da matafiyi P.S. Pallas sun gano Dzungarian hamsters a cikin 1773 yayin balaguro ta cikin yankin Kazakhstan na zamani.

Kwanan nan, an yi mahawara game da ko jungler nasa ne na jinsin Campbell hamster (Phodopus campbelli). Yanzu an tabbatar da cewa dan Dzungarian hamster ne daban.

Hamsters ya zama dabbobin gida ne kawai a rabi na biyu na karni na 20. Entsarancin mai daɗaɗɗu: tare da fur mai taushi, kumatun zagaye, ƙananan kunnuwa da wutsiya mara iya gani - da sauri suka sami nasara don ƙaunar masu mallakar su. Yanzu Dzungarian hamsters sun zama ɗayan dabbobi masu yawan cin abinci.