California ƙasa ce mai ƙauna da take a yammacin yankin na Arewacin Amurka. Cikakke kuma mai tsawo, tsawon wannan yanki na ƙasar shine kilomita 1200. A cikin mafi fadin wurare, tana rarrabuwar kilomita 240. Yankin sashin ƙasa mai zurfi ya kai kimanin kilomita dubu ɗaya da dubu dari biyu da ɗari biyu. Geographically mallakar Mexico, tana da jihohi guda biyu - Arewa da Kudancin California. A arewa, sashin ƙasa da ƙasa ta mamaye kan yankin ƙasar Amurka iri ɗaya, tekun yamma yana bakin tekun Pacific, gabas da gabas - G yankin Kalifoniya.
Matsakaicin kudu shine Cape San Lucas. Tare da duka tsawon sashin ƙasa mai shiga teku, akwai babbar hanyar sufuri guda ɗaya - babbar hanyar Transpeninsular. Hanya tana farawa ne daga arewacin iyaka da Amurka, kuma makoma ta karshe ita ce garin shakatawa na Kudancin Cabo San Lucas.
Yankunan halitta
California ƙasa mai ƙauna ce wacce ke wakiltar yanki biyu na halitta. A cikin mafi yawan yankin akwai hamada, kuma a tsakiyar yankin akwai kewayon dutse, ɓangaren kudu na hawan Sierra Nevada. Penasashen waje mafiya yawan gaske dutse ne. Dasar Sonora itace ɗayan mafi girma da kuma mafi ƙasƙanci wurare a kan ƙasa. Mafi yawan adadin hazo yana faɗuwa a kan bazara da lokacin bazara kuma ba ya wuce milimita 350 a shekara. Desertasan Harshen Kalifoniya yana bakin iyakar kudu na sashin ƙasa. Tana cikin yankin sauyin yanayi mai ban tsoro. Mafi girman batun sashin ƙasa shine garin Diablo (3 096 m).
Tebur Jalen California (Idan aka kwatanta da Florida)
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Kudancin California yana da yanayin canjin yanayin ƙasa. A kan wannan ƙasa, lokacin bushewa da zafi. A cikin hunturu, yanayin yana da laushi da laima. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine +28 digiri a cikin Yuli, kuma mafi ƙarancin +15 digiri a watan Disamba. Gabaɗaya, Kudancin California yana da zafi sosai.
Bugu da kari, California yana tasiri ne a sanadiyar iska ta Santa Ana wacce ke tafiya daga zurfin nahiyar zuwa tekun. Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa karuwa yawan zafin jiki a wannan yanki yana tare da burushi na yau da kullun. Amma kuma yana da kariya a kan matsanancin sanyi da sanyi lokacin sanyi.
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Kashin teku
California ƙasa ce mai ƙazantawa wanda bakin tekun tsibiri yake matuka. Yankin gabas yana bambanta sosai da yamma ta yanayinsa. Latterarshen ya dogara da rafukan sanyi na Pacific, sabili da haka yawan zafin jiki na iska da ruwa a nan ya ɗan bambanta da sauran sassan lardin. Yankin gabas yana da sauƙi a cikin yanayi mai kama da nau'in Rum. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta ruwan dumi na bay. Matsakaicin zafin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin + 20 ... 22 ° C a lokacin bazara, kuma yana raguwa kaɗan a lokacin sanyi - zuwa + 13 ... 15 ° C. Daya daga cikin manyan koguna a Arewacin Amurka, Kogin Colorado, yana gudana zuwa ga Tekun Kalifoniya.
Halayen Haɗin California
Hakanan ya sami kyakkyawan yanayi a gabashin California, a tsaunukan Sierra Nevada da Cascade. Anan, rinjayar abubuwa da yawa na canjin yanayi, sabili da haka, akwai yanayi mai yawa da yawa na yanayin yanayi.
Yankewa a cikin Kalifoniya yana faduwa musamman a lokacin damina da damuna. Yana da dusar ƙanƙara sauƙaƙa, tun da yawan zafin jiki kusan bai taɓa ƙasa da digiri 0 ba. Ciparin hazo ya faɗi a arewacin California, ƙasa da kudu. Gabaɗaya, adadin hazo wanda ya fadi lokacin shekara yana kan matsakaici 400-600 mm.
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Yanayi mai zurfi ya zama ƙasa, kuma yanayi a nan ya bambanta cikin amplitude canji. Bugu da kari, duwatsun wani irin bango ne wanda yake kama iska mai iska daga teku. Duwatsu suna da yanayi mai sanyin sanyi, lokacin sanyi da kuma lokacin sanyi. A gabashin duwatsun yankuna ne na hamada, wanda yanayi ke damuna da lokacin sanyi.
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Yanayin California yana da ɗan kama da yanayin yankin kudu maso tekun na Crimea. Yankin arewacin California ya ta'allaka ne a cikin yankin mai tsinkaye, da kuma kudu - a wurare masu ban tsoro. An bayyana wannan a wasu bambance-bambance, amma gabaɗaya, canje-canje na yanayi an bayyana su sosai anan.
Sauyin yanayi
California ƙasa ce mai zaman kanta wacce yanayin canjin yanayin ta ƙasa yake da sauƙin yanayi. Ana samar da babban tasiri akansa ta hanyar dumin iska mai dumin dumama. Yanayin iska a kudu na mashigin teku ya fi na arewa girma. Mafi kyawun watan shekara shine Yuli. A wannan lokacin, matsakaicin yanayin zafi a arewa ya tashi sama da + 24 ° С, kuma a kudu - daga + 31 ° С. A cikin hunturu, a watan Janairu, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ba ya saukar da ƙasa + 8 ° C a arewa da + 16 ° C a kudu. Mafi yawan ruwan sama da aka saukar a kan masarautar a cikin hunturu suna faduwa ne da irin ruwan sama da kuma ruwan sama. Sau da yawa suna haifar da hadari a kan sashin ƙasa.
Mazauna
Kabilun Kudancin California sun daɗe suna zaune da kabilun Amurkawa. Koyaya, a ƙarni na 16, masu cin nasarar yaƙi sun zo waɗannan ƙasashe. Yanayin da Yanayin Kalifoniya ke ciki ya yi tasiri sosai wurin wurin masu zuwa. Da farko, mishaneri sunyi ƙoƙari su kawo wayewar kai ga kabilun Indiya, amma saboda cututtukan da ardsan Sipaniyan suka gabatar, yawancin indan asalin garin sun mutu, sauran kawai sun bar waɗannan ƙasashen. Bayan haka, manoman Turai sun sauka a kan tsibirin.
Wanene Kalifoniya?
Na dogon lokaci, Amurka da Mexico sun yi jayayya game da mallakar mallakar wannan sashin. A tsakiyar karni na XIX, tsakanin kasashen biyu ya wuce yakin Mexico da Amurka. A karkashin ka’idojin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, an raba California tsakanin jihohin biyu kamar haka: jihar California ta fice daga Amurka, kuma yankin da ke wajen ya zama mallakar Mexico.
Arewacin Amurka - sauyin yanayi
Bambancin yanayin yanayin nahiyar ya dogara da matsayin shi a cikin wurare daban-daban. Arewacin Amurka yana cikin dukkanin bangarorin yanayi amma banda ƙasar Equatorial. Wani mahimmin yanayin samar da yanayi shine sauƙin yankuna. Manyan hanyoyinda ke hawan dutse suna sauƙaƙe shigar iska mai sanyi ta Arctic mai nisa zuwa kudu da kuma yawan iska mai ƙarfi zuwa arewa.
A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙasa, an kafa yanayi na ƙasa. Canjin yanayi yana tasiri da igiyoyin teku: sanyi - Labrador da Kalifoniya - ƙananan yanayin zafi a lokacin rani, da kuma dumi - Kogin Gulf da Arewacin Pacific - suna ƙaruwa da yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu da kuma ƙara yawan ruwan sama. Ko yaya, tsaunuka a yamma sun hana shigowa da yawan iska daga tekun Pacific.
A tsakanin yankin yanayin Arctic shine gefen arewacin babban yankin kuma yawancin tsibirin Tekun Arctic. A cikin hunturu, yanayin zafi a nan ƙasa yayi ƙasa, yanayin dusar ƙanƙara yana da yawa, kuma ana haɓaka murfin kankara. Yankin yayi sanyi, gajeru, iska mai zafi har zuwa + 5 ° С. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara yana ƙasa da mm 200.
Yankin yanayi na subarctic ya mamaye yankin tsakanin Arctic Circle da 60 ° C. w. A yamma, bel ɗin an shimfida ƙasa da keɓaɓɓen yankin Moscow. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon tasirin tekun Arctic, sanadin Labrador na yanzu da iskar arewa maso gabas a Greenland.
Ya bambanta nau'in yanayin teku da na ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, zafin jiki ya kai -30 ° C, a bakin tekun teku, zazzabi ya kasance daga -16 zuwa -20 ° C. Yanayin rani 5 - 10 ° С.
Adadin hazo ya bambanta daga mm 500 a shekara a gabas zuwa 200 mm a kowace shekara a yamma (yankin Alaska).
Yawancin ɓangaren duniya suna cikin yankin sauyin yanayi mai kyau. Ya bambanta yankuna uku na canjin yanayi:
- Yankin yanayi mai tsaftataccen ruwa a gabar yamma zuwa gabar ruwa (tekun Pacific da kuma yammacin gabar kogin Cordillera). Jirgin ruwa na yamma ya mamaye a nan: iska tana kawo babban hazo daga cikin teku - har zuwa 3000 mm kowace shekara. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na Janairu ya kai +4 ° С, matsakaita zafin jiki na Yuli ya kai +16 ° С,
- Yankin yanayin yanayin ƙasa yana cikin tsakiyar sashin bel. An kwatanta shi da lokacin bazara mai zafi - daga + 18 ° zuwa +24 ° C, lokacin sanyi mai sanyi - zuwa -20 “C.
Yawan hazo a yamma ya kai mm mm 400, amma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa zuwa gabas har zuwa 700 mm. Tabbas sararin samaniya na wannan ɓangaren na nahiyar yana mamaye mamayewar iska sama daga arewa da kuma kudu.
Sabili da haka, fuskoki na yanayi sau da yawa a nan, tare da dusar ƙanƙara - a cikin hunturu da ruwa sama sosai - a lokacin rani,
- An rarraba yankin yanayin dumamar yanayi a gabashin gabar Tekun Atlantika. A cikin hunturu, cyclones akai-akai a nan, yana kawo dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi daga –22 ° С a arewa zuwa –2 ° С a kudu. Ba lokacin zafi ba zafi - har zuwa +20 ° С, yanayin Labrador na sanyi yana da tasirin sa.
Adadin hazo ya bambanta, ya danganta da yanayin ɗabi'ance da yanayin nesa daga cikin teku, amma a matsakaici - 1000-1500 mm a shekara. Yankin canjin yanayin ƙasa yana ƙarƙashin ƙasa daga 40 ° C. w. zuwa bakin Tekun Mexico.
Har ila yau, yankin yana da babban tsayi daga yamma zuwa gabas, sabili da haka, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin nau'ikan yanayi kuma yankuna masu sauyin yanayi sun fito:
- a yamma, canjin yanayin ƙasa mara zurfi ne tare da lokacin sanyi da laushi: zazzabi +8 ° С, ruwan sama zuwa 500 mm a shekara, kuma bushe lokacin bazara mai zafi: zafin jiki +20 ° С - yanayin sanyi na California yana da nasa tasiri,
- Yankin yanayin ɗan ƙasa mai faɗi yana tsakiyar tsakiyar yankin canjin yanayin. An san shi da yanayin zafi sosai a lokacin bazara da karancin ruwan sama a duk shekara,
- Yankin gumi mara nauyi mai zurfi yana rufe da Mississippi Lowland. Yanayin rani har zuwa +30 ° С, masu sanyi masu sanyi har zuwa +5 ° С.
Kudancin 30 ° C. w. Akwai yankin yanayi mai zafi, yana da zafi duk shekara. A gefen gabas na bakin teku da tsibirin akwai babban adadin hazo ta hanyar iska ta kasuwanci. Kalifoniya yana da yanayin bushewar ƙasa.
Yankin canjin yanayi a yankin subequatorial yana kan yanki mafi ƙarancin yanki na ɓangaren duniya. Anan, yanayin zafi mai zurfi na wannan yankin canjin yanayi a shekara yana kusan +25 ° С. Iska daga tekun Pacific da Atlantika suna kawo danshi mai yawa - har zuwa 2000 mm a shekara.
California ita ce ƙasar Amurka mafi arziki
California shine mafi kyawun jihar Amurka. Ita ce babbar cibiyar masana'antar shirya fina-finai ta Amurka. Yawancin 'yan ƙasar Amurka suna fatar yin rayuwa a wannan yanayin mai cike da hasken rana. Me yasa California tayi kyau? Sakamakon damar da ba a iyakancewa ba, kusancin tekun Pacific da yanayin dumin yanayi. A yau, kusan mutane miliyan 35 suna zaune a California. Wannan shine mafi yawan al'umma.
Yanayin California yanayi ne mai ban tsoro, amma ya sha bamban sosai a arewacin da kuma sassan kudancin jihar. A arewa, lokacin bazara mai laushi da laima, kuma lokacin bazara suna da zafi a kan tudu da zafi a cikin. Yanayin yau da kullun na iya isa 35 ° C a watan Yuli kuma yana iya sauka zuwa 12 ° C a watan Disamba da Janairu. Daga farkon Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, yanayin yana da zafi da rana.
Wannan lokacin bazara ne. Mafi sanyi “watan rani” watan Afrilu. Yanayin rana yana kusan 22-23 ° C. Mafi zafi Yuli. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun shine 35 ° C, amma wani lokacin yana iya kaiwa 40-45 ° C. Sakamakon yanayin bushe, bambance-bambance tsakanin zafin rana da na dare suna da yawa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki da daddare shine kimanin 3 ° C a watan Janairu da 13 ° C a watan Yuli.
Autumn yana wata daya - Nuwamba. Yana da daɗi sosai yayin rana - kimanin 17-18 ° C. A watan Disamba, Janairu da Fabrairu, lokacin hunturu. Kwanaki suna tsakanin 12 zuwa 16 ° C, kuma dare yayi sanyi sosai - kamar 3-4 ° C. Har ila yau, bazara yana tsawon wata daya - Maris. Yanayin yayi kama da Nuwamba - 17-18 ° C.
Ana ganin wannan yanayin yanayi ne na Bahar Rum - tsayi, mai zafi da lokacin bazara, lokacin sanyi da kuma gajere, da ƙananan lokutan canjin yanayi (bazara da kaka). Yanayin da ke bakin gabar teku mara kyau ne, amma ya canza sosai game da yanayin ruwan tekun da ke wucewa. Kusancin teku yana sanya zafi lokacin hunturu.
Yawancin zafin rana da wuya kasa da 14 ° C, amma kuma yana sa lokacin bazara yayi sanyi - a San Francisco watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba sannan da yawan zafin jiki ba kasafai yake nuna sama da 23 ° C ba. Hunturu ke jike kuma lokacin rani ya bushe. Siffar halayyar ita ce yawan adadin kwanakin m a cikin shekara. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare musamman lokacin rani.
Amma a San Francisco, yanayin har yanzu yana da laushi. Watanni shida a shekara sama da 18 ° C. Koyaya, yanayin ba na Bahar Rum ba ne. Ruwan yanayin ruwa a kullum yana raguwa. Koda a tsayin bazara bai wuce +11 - + 12 ° C ba. Yanayin ba zai baka damar yin iyo a cikin teku ba, sabanin Kudancin California, inda yanayin ya sha bamban.
Ruwa a cikin teku yayi ɗumi sosai kuma rairayin bakin teku suna cike daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba. Hunturu a San Diego da Los Angeles gajere ne. Zafin zafin yau da kullun a cikin Los Angeles shine 19 ° C a watan Janairu da 29 ° C a watan Agusta da Satumba. A wasu ranakun zai iya yin zafi sosai.Muna ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yana nuna digiri 40 ko sama da haka. Yawancin hazo yana faɗuwa a cikin hunturu.
Yanayin yanayin Rum shine - rana tayi kyau kuma ga lafiya. Heat da rana suna jan hankalin mutane daga ko'ina cikin Amurka. Kudancin California shine ɗayan wuraren mashahuri a Amurka. The rairayin bakin teku suna cike da yawon bude ido daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba.
California shine mafi yawan sassan Amurka. Kusa da gabar Tekun Pacific, wani katon megalopolis mai suna San San ya kirkiri. Sunan ya fito ne daga garuruwan San Francisco da San Diego. Dalilin shi ne cewa daga San Francisco zuwa kudu, kusan ba tare da hutu ba, yana gudana ta ƙauyuka, birane da wuraren zama.
Musamman mahimmin adadin yawan jama'a a cikin yankin Los Angeles da San Diego. Dukkanin biranen sun riga sun haɗu kuma babu wani bambanci bayyananne tsakanin su. Los Angeles mafi yawan mutane - kusan mutane miliyan 14. A San Francisco, wani birni ne mai yawan jama'a wanda ke da yawan mutane miliyan 7.5. Agglomeration na San Diego tare da yawan mutane miliyan 2.8.
Kodayake yana da yawan jama'a, California ta haɗu da mafarkin Amurka. USasar ƙasar Amurka mawadata cike da wurare masu tsada, waɗanda ke tsakanin ciyayi mai cike da tsibiran Rum. A California, babban adadin abubuwan samar da Hollywood suna ci gaba. Yanayin California yana sake karantawa akan allon yana da matukar rai kuma a mafi yawan lokuta haƙiƙa ne.
Tabbas, a California (kuma musamman a San Diego) akwai yankuna masu arziki waɗanda mutane har yanzu ba su rufe ƙofar ba kuma suna rayuwa a wata duniya daban. Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa babban birnin jihar ba ɗayan shahararrun biranen ba ne, amma lessarancin Sacramento. Bugu da ƙari, gaskiyar cewa Los Angeles a zahiri ba birni ɗaya ba ne sananne.
Mafi yawanci ana kiran maganarsa "sasantawa na Gudanarwa." Yana wakiltar kusan biranen 90 da aka haɗa a ɗayan. San Bernardino, Hollywood da sauransu ainihin birane ne, ba yankuna bane.
A California, akwai wasu mashahurai rairayin bakin teku a Amurka - Malibu, Pasadena, Coronado, Pizmi Beach, La Yola da sauransu. Su aljanna ne mai iyo, musamman lokacin hunturu lokacin da manyan raƙuman ruwa ke motsawa kusa da tekun California.
Suna ƙoƙari su jagoranci rayuwa mai kyau da aiki. A gefen tekun Los Angeles da San Diego, za ku ga mutane da yawa waɗanda, a cikin ƙoƙari su yi kyau, suna da kyan gani, suna aiki da ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi ta California. Sun yaba da kyakkyawan tsari na zahiri da haske tan.
Kiwon lafiya ya zama falsafar rayuwa ga mutanen gari.
Jihar tana da abubuwan jan hankali na halitta da yawa, da kuma rairayin bakin teku masu ban sha'awa, duk da cewa sun fi shahara, suna wakiltar wani yanki ne kawai na kyautar California. Yosemite Park yana daya daga cikin kyawawan abubuwa a Amurka.
Kwarin kwari ne da ke cike da kurmi mai danshi, an kewaye shi da manya-manyan tsaunuka tare da kyawawan magudanun ruwa. Fauna ta musamman ba wai kawai tana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido ba ne, har ma ta ilmantar da su da kaunar yanayi.
An samo launin fata, beyote, cougar, barewar baƙar fata da sauran wasu nau'in halittu anan. Babban jan hankalin wurin shakatawa shine jan katako. Waɗannan bishiyoyi ne na musamman waɗanda ake la'akari da mafi tsayi da tsayi a duniya.
Mafi yawa daga cikin data kasance sequoias yau fiye da 2000 shekaru. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da girma sosai har ɗaukar hanyoyin mota da motoci ke wucewa ta su.
Kwarin Mutuwa wata irin halitta ce. Wurin ya baci kasa da matakin teku. Wannan shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci ɓangaren Amurka. Zafin zafi na musamman yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma lokutan hunturu suna yin sanyi.
Anan ana auna wasu daga cikin mafi yawan yanayin zafi a duniya (na biyu kawai ga Al-Asia, Libya). Yana da kyau a nan a cikin hunturu, amma kawai da rana, tare da yanayin zafi kusa da +18 - +20 digiri.
Ana kiran kwarin kwanson kwarin Turai, domin a wancan zamani, da alama kusan ba zai yiwu mutum ya rayu cikin irin wannan yanayin wahala ba.
Mafi munin fasalin California da tabbaci shine girgizar asa akai-akai. Yan gari sun san yadda abin yake yayin da ƙasa take motsa ƙafarta. Dalilin shi ne cewa wani ɓangare na jihar yanzu yana rarrabe daga ƙasa ta Arewa ta Arewa.
Rabuwa da wani yanki na jihar za'a iya samo shi zuwa laifin San Andres, wanda ke faruwa a kusa da Los Angeles. Ana iya gano wannan rata ta wata hanya daga arewa zuwa kudu.
Wani fasalin mara kyau na "City of Mala'iku" (kuma ba wai shi kadai ba, har ma da sauran biranen California) shi ne cewa tituna an tsara su sosai don tafiya da mota. Sideasan hanyoyi ƙanana ne, kuma a wurare da yawa har ma ba ya nan. Bugu da ƙari, murfin ƙasa, musamman a Los Angeles, bai isa ba.
Garin shine gari mafi kyau a Amurka. Kuma a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi kamar na gida, inuwa daga bishiyoyi suna da matukar muhimmanci. Los Angeles tana da rana da tituna masu dumin yawa, inda kawai sanyi take a cikin inuwar itatuwan dabino.
Maganin matsalar
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Shahararru a shafin:
Ta yaya zaka haddace waka da sauri? Kara haddar shayari shi ne daidaitaccen aiki a makarantu da yawa.
Yadda ake koyon karatun diagonally? Saurin karatun ya dogara da saurin tsinkaye kowace kalma ɗaya a cikin rubutun.
Yaya ake saurin rubutun hannu da sauri yadda ya kamata? Sau da yawa mutane suna ɗauka cewa rubutun kira da rubutun hannu kalmomi ne daidai, amma ba haka bane.
Yadda ake koyon magana daidai da daidai? Sadarwa cikin nagarta, kwarjini da dabi'ar Rasha wata manufa ce da za'a iya cimmawa.
Siffofin yanayi na Amurka
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yawancin yanki na canjin yanayi a Amurka an rage su zuwa bala'o'i da mummunan tasirin yanayi. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki:
- Kamfar ruwa. Yakan faru a cikin jihohi inda yanayin hamada ke gudana. Fari mai ƙarfi, wanda ya lalata gonaki da yawa, ya faru a Amurka a cikin 1931,
- Ambaliyar ruwa. Hadari sau da yawa yakan faru a bakin gabar da ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a biranen bakin teku. Kullum California na nutsuwa saboda ruwan sama,
- Tornado. Ta hanyar yawan hadari da mahaukaciyar guguwa, Amurkan tana gaba da sauran. Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas da Missouri sune suka kirkiro "Tornado Alley." A can, saboda haɗuwa da kullun yawan iska a cikin iska, hadari yakan faru sau da yawa. Har ila yau, Hawaii tana da haɗari ga mahaukaciyar guguwa,
- Girgizar asa. Volcanoes da laifofin tectonic a Amurka suna ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa girgizar ƙasa na faruwa lokaci-lokaci akan waɗannan ƙasashe. Kalifoniya, Alaska, Hawaii suna fuskantar ɓarna na yanayi a cikin ƙasa kamar hawan keke da kuma kullun. Sakamakon girgizar ƙasa na kullun a gabar yammacin Amurka sune tsunamis.
Ba wai Amurka ba ce kawai ƙasa mai haɓaka ta tattalin arziki. Dukiyarta na yau da kullun ba shi da iyaka, amma matsalolin da ke tattare da su ana ɗaukar su marasa iyaka ne. Kyakkyawan yanayin Americanasar Amurka yana da manyan iri-iri daidai saboda jihar ta ƙunshi yawancin ɗakunan wurare masu yawan yanayi. Ga alama ga baƙi cewa a cikin jihohin za ku iya samun wuri don kowane irin hutu, ƙasar Amurka tana da wadatar arziki da bambancinsu.
Kalifoniya (sashin ƙasa)
Yankin Kalifoniya ya kasance yanki mai faɗi, maɗaukaki mai faɗi, a kudu maso yammacin Arewacin Amurka, a arewa maso yamma na Mexico wanda ya yi kama da yatsa mai nuni zuwa Tekun Pacific.Jancin California ya rabu da yankin ƙasa ta gabar tekun Kalifoniya da Kogin Colorado.
Yankin gabashin tekun yana wankewa ta gabar tekun Kalifoniya, wanda kuma ake kira Tekun Cortes don girmamawa ga mai bincikensa Hernan Cortes (1485-1547) - Spanishasar Spanish wacce ta yi nasara kuma ta lalata ainihin wayewar Aztec Babban raƙumin sasantawa ya kai dubu 10 da dubu 10.
shekarun da suka gabata, duk da haka, yawancin raƙuman ruwa na farko, lokacin da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa na zamanin Pleistocene suke zaune a nan, ba a cire su ba. Yawancin kabilu da aka kafa a nan: a cikin tsakiyar hamada akwai wani yanki mai lardin Kochimi, a arewa, inda yanayin ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma ƙasa ta sami wadataccen ƙasa, akwai kabilu masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Kilivi, Paipai da Kumei.
Turawa na farko a cikin waɗannan wurare sune masarautan Spanish a cikin 1540s, waɗanda suka gano a nan kabilun Arewacin Amurka waɗanda ke da mutane dubu 60-70. Indiyawan sun kasance suna kamun kifi, farauta da tara ruwa. Dukkanin yunƙurin mamaye wannan ƙasa mai rashin ƙarfi a farkon ta ƙare cikin nasara, har sai a shekara ta 1697 Jesuits suka kafa ƙauyen Lareto anan.
Mishan na koyar da Indiyawan yadda ake saka sutura, suna koyar da dabarun noma da kiwo, kuma a lokaci guda Christianized daukacin mazaunan yankin. Koyaya, sannu sannu kusan dukkanin Indiyanci suka mutu sakamakon cututtukan cututtukan da Spanien suka gabatar. 'Yan Francisc ne suka maye gurbinsu da Franciscans, sannan kuma Dominicans ya bi shi a shekara ta 1822.
an sanar da Masarautar Mexico, mai zaman kanta ta Masarautar Spanish, tuni a shekarar 1823 ta zama mai cin gashin kanta ta Jamhuriyar Mexico. A wannan lokacin, an yi watsi da rakodin Katolika, Indiyawa sun bar wadannan wurare, kuma mestizos - masu kiwo da manoma - sun maye gurbinsu.
Amurka da Mexico sun yi gwagwarmayar wadannan yankuna, kuma sakamakon yakin Amurka-Mexico na 1846-1848, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Guadalupe-Hidalgo, wanda a ciki aka tura yankin tsohuwar mulkin mallaka ta Spain ta Kalifoniya (California) zuwa Amurka, da kuma tsohuwar ikon mallaka California (Jahar Kalifoniya).
tsaunukan da suka mika wa Sierra Nevada jadawalin shimfida dukkan shimfidar wurare: Saliyo De Juarez, San Pedro Martir, Sierra de San Borjas, Sierra Viskaino, Sierra de Mueja, Sierra de la Giant's.
Mafi yawa daga cikin shimfidar wuri a cikin Penasar California ta hamada ce. Ga wani ɓangare na hamada mai daɗin dutse na Sonora - ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma kuma mafi zafi a Arewacin Amurka. A nan ya haɗu da katako saguaro murtsunguwa - ƙaƙƙarfan ƙauyen Sonora. Hamada ta biyu, Nizhne-California, tuddai ce mai cike da yashi mai cike da tsaunuka mai nisan kilomita 77,700. Yanayin yanayin gabar yammacin gabar kogin yana da saukin kai ne: tasirin iska mai yawan iska. A cikin hunturu, ruwa mai karfi yana faruwa, tare da hadari mai hadari. Mafi nisa kudu da kusancin tsakiyar sashin ƙasa, da zafin da ake iya jurewa zai zama.
Babban abin jan hankali na ƙasa wanda shine sashin ƙasa shine El Viskaino Biosphere Reserve tare da yanki na 25.5 dubu.
km2 (hamada ta mamaye mafi yawanta), mafi girma a cikin Latin Amurka, wanda mahimmancin al'adunmu ya fi girma kamar na halitta: fiye da kogon sirori 200 da aka yi wa ado da tsoffin zane-zanen dutsen na kabilar Kochimi.
Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa a bakin teku da tsibirai: Zakin teku na California, like, babban giwayen arewa. Reserve na da nau'ikan tsiro 469, 39 daga cikinsu na musamman ne.
Amma babban tasirin El Viskaino shine ajiyar kifi Whale mai launin toka, wanda yawan mutanen Chukchi-California ya kasance kwanannan a kusan lalacewa. Kuna iya duban manyan ƙattai ba wai kawai a cikin Meksiko ba, amma a nan suna da abokantaka musamman, suna iyo zuwa kwale-kwalen kuma suna ba da damar yin baƙin ƙarfe, nuna mutane ga yaransu.
Wuri: Arewacin Amurka, gabar kudu maso yamma. Jawabin Kalifoniya.
Coast: Tekun Pacific a yamma da Gulf of California Pacific Ocean in Gabas.
Rarraba Gudanarwa: Jihohin Mexico Baja California Northern (babban birni - Mexicali) da Baja California Southern (babban birnin - La Paz).
Abun ƙabilar: mestizos, Indiyawan (koi, kukapa, miigteki, paipai), fari, Asians.
Addinai: Katolika, Furotesta.
Kudade: Peso na Mexico.
Manyan ƙauyuka: Baja California Northern (Tijuana - 1,300,983 mutane, 2010, Mexicali - mutane 689,775, 2010 Ensenada - 279,765 mutane, 2010 Tekate - 64,764 mutane, 2010 , Rosarito - 65,278 mutane, 2010), Baja California ta Kudu (La Paz-215,178, 2010, Cabo San Lucas - mutane 70,000 2012).
Figures
Yankin: 143,396 kilomita km2 (Baja California ta Arewa - 69,921 km2, Baja California ta Kudu - 73,475 km2).
Widtharancin nisa: 40 km.
Matsakaicin nisa: 240 kilomita.
Yawan jama'a: 3,792,096 (Baja California ta Arewa - 3 155 070 mutane (2010), Baja California ta kudu - mutane 637026, 2010).
Yawan jama'a: Baja California Northern - mutane 45.1 / km2, Baja California Kudancin - mutane 8.7 / km2.
Tsawon bakin gabar teku: 3280 km.
Matsayi mafi girma: Dutsen Diablo (Dutsen San Pedro Martir, 3096 m).
Tattalin arziki
Ma'adanai: Zinare tushen tattalin arzikin shine samar da kayan da ake fitarwa da taro. Kusa da iyakar Amurka akwai ƙananan tsire-tsire iri-iri: lantarki, yadin, kemikal, aikin katako da masana'antu na kera motoci.
Noma: hatsi (masara, rogo, alkama), tsiro na kayan lambu, kayan lambu (lemu, lemun tsami, ranakun, bishiyoyin jirgin sama, abarba), abinci, abincin dabbobi (tumaki da awaki).
Kifayen bakin teku, gami da oysters da lobsters.
Bangaren sabis: yawon shakatawa.
■ El Viskaino Reserve na Biosphere Reserve tare da yanki na 25,5 dubu km2: wuraren ƙaura na kifayen kifaye a cikin tekun El Viskaino da lagoon Ojo de Liebre, fiye da kogo 200 tare da zane-zanen dutse na kabilar Kochimi, Sonora hamada tare da katon saguaro cacti. ■ Tijuana: yawon bude ido mafi yawanci wurin yana kusa da iyakar Amurka US City of Mexico: Cathedral of the Budurwar Guadalupe ■ Gidan kayan tarihi na Russianan baƙi (Kiristocin Molokan, waɗanda suka kafa garin Guadalupe). El Arco de Cabo San Lucas, ko Arch of the End of the World (Cabo San Lucas). ■ Lower Californian Pu yn A San Diegoro Pedir Martir na Mexico. ■ A 1532 aka gudanar da balaguron farko wanda yayi ƙoƙarin rikitar da tsibirin tsibirin "tsibiri".
Kammalawa kan nau'in Climate da Sanadin Bambancin Sauyin yanayi a California da Florida Peninsulas
Kammalawa kan nau'ikan yanayin yanayi da dalilan bambancin yanayi game da tsibiran California da Florida.
- Duk da wannan matsayin na latitudinal iri ɗaya, yankin Kalifoniya da Florida suna da bambanci sosai a cikin sauyin yanayi. Wannan shi ne saboda raƙuman ruwa, wurare masu rinjaye na iska da sauƙaƙawa da ƙasan ƙasa.
- Kalifoniya. Yanayin ya banbanta: - - Rum a yawancin jihar, inda ake yin ruwan sama da damuna. Tasirin tekun yana rage yaduwar zafin jiki kuma yana haifar da lokacin sanyi da kuma lokacin sanyi. Saboda yanayin ruwan sanyi na Kalifoniya, hazo sau da yawa yakan sauka a gefen tekun. - yanki yayin juyawa mai zurfi zuwa cikin ƙasa tare da babban canjin yanayi a cikin hunturu da bazara. Iska mai ƙarfi daga teku tana kawo danshi, kuma arewacin jihar tana samun ruwan sama sama da na kudu.
Yanayin California yana shafi tsaunuka waɗanda basa barin iska mai gumi daga teku ta tafi nesa nesa ba kusa ba.
Florida: Northwest California yana da yanayin yanayi mai kyau tare da yawan ruwan sama mai nauyin 38,100 cm kowace shekara. - Yanayin Rum a cikin Tsarin Tsakiya tare da bambancin yanayin zafi. Duwatsu suna sanyin yanayin tsauni, dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara mai ɗorewa. A gabashin tsaunin dutse akwai wurare masu yawa tare da wuraren sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara.
- gumi mai zurfi a yawancin sashin ƙasa mai shiga teku, da kuma wurare masu zafi a kudanci. A lokacin rani da damina akwai hatsarin mahaukaciyar guguwa. Yanayin Florida ya dogara ne da gaskiyar cewa iyakar yankunan biyu da ke canjin yanayin ƙasa (a arewacin sashin ƙasa mai zafi) da kuma na wurare masu zafi (a kudu) ya ratsa ta sashin ƙasa.
Yanayin canjin yanayin teku na gabas na gabar Florida shine saboda rafin Gulf, mai nisan mil daga tekun, da iska mai kudu maso gabas wacce ke kawo iska mai dumin gaske a cikin hunturu da sanyi a lokacin bazara. Hunturu a Florida yana da laushi da bushe - matsakaicin zazzabi a cikin Janairu shine 21C, lokacin bazara ne da zafi - matsakaicin zafin jiki a Yuli shine 29C.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara shine + 18C + 21C a arewa da + 23C zuwa + 25C a kudanci kudu da tsibiran. Karamin yanki mai zurfi na gabar ruwa mai zurfi ta ratsa zurfin cikin ruwa bangarorin biyu na tekun duniya (Gulf of Mexico da Atlantika), wadanda suka bambanta yanayi da yanayin yanayi.
Sakamakon haka, duka daga Tekun Atlantika da kuma daga Tekun Meksiko, iska tana yawan zuwa, saurinsa ya kai kilomita 240 / h. Irin wannan mahaukaciyar guguwa na haifar da lalacewa mai girma, asarar rayuka da manyan asara ga tattalin arzikin jihar.
Lokacin damina a Florida yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuli kuma ya ƙare a farkon Nuwamba.
Wadannan wurare biyu da suke a yankin suna da nisa a cikin yanayi ɗaya, a cikin yanki ɗaya na yanayi (KP) - yanayin zafi, amma ya bambanta sosai a yanayin zafin jiki da ruwan sama.
Yanayi mai sauƙin yanayin yanayin teku na gabas na Florida shine saboda rafin Gulf. Iskokin kasuwancin kudu maso gabas daga Tekun Atlantika suna zuwa gabar ruwan Florida kuma suna kawo ruwan sama mai yawa, yanayin yana da laima.
Masarancin iska, kasancewar sun haye Dutsen Cordillera, sun bushe kuma, suna gangarawa zuwa tekun Pacific (inda yanayin California ke sanyi), ba da gudummawa ga samuwar hazo, sabili da haka, yanayin yana bushewa a Yankin California.
Kammalawa: Duk da matsayin daya na latitudinal, yankin Kalifoniya da Florida suna da banbanci a yanayin. Wannan shi ne saboda raƙuman ruwa, wurare masu rinjaye na iska da sauƙaƙawa da ƙasan ƙasa.
Yawon shakatawa na California
Rashin canjin yanayi, bazara ta har abada, ciyayi da rana mai haske - irin su California kusan duk shekara ne kuma kusan ko'ina cikin "ƙasa".
Mafi girma a duniya sequoia Hyperion, tsawan mita 115, ya girma a California.
Duk da yanayin yanayi mai kyau da bakin ruwa, California tana da koma baya ɗaya - ruwan da ke cikin Tekun Pasifik ba ya dumama sosai don hutun bakin teku gaba ɗaya. Ruwa yana da matsakaicin + 18 ° C, kuma ana iya cinye shi saboda iska kullun. Koyaya, wannan wani yanki ne don abin hawa - raƙuman ruwa na gida suna da kyau, amma ga mahaya, yin iyo a cikin irin wannan hadari mai wuya ba zai yiwu ba. Sabili da haka, ko dai matsanancin wasanni da kyakkyawa tan, ko soyayya a bakin teku (abincin dare akan teku, yawo).
Mafi kyawun lokacin tafiya shine Afrilu-Oktoba, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin "rani a California".
Me yasa zaku tafi California? Bayan bakin rairayin bakin teku masu ban sha'awa, raƙuman ruwa, selfies a bango na rubutun "Hollywood", wuraren shakatawa masu ban sha'awa, gurneti da dutsen mai fitarwa, tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle da zagayawa cikin wuraren ɗaukakar ɗaukakar '' gwal gwal '.
Abin da tufafi kawo
Matsakaicin shine jaket na fata, ƙarami shine bikini. Kalifoniya tana maraba da masu yawon bude ido har abada a lokacin bazara, har ma a cikin hunturu ba tare da rage yawan zafin jiki da ke ƙasa + 15 ° C ba. Kuma a cikin ruwan sama mai sanyi a arewa, yakamata jihar ta samar da laima da takalma masu hana ruwa ruwa, ruwan sama. Tafiya zuwa yankin San Francisco a cikin hunturu, yana da daraja a tara sama da hat da safofin hannu - zai iya zama dankali da daskararru - aƙalla digiri 5 a ƙasa ba komai. Hunturu a kudancin jihar zai isa isasshen ɗumi. Ana ruwa sosai.
Yawancin kwanakin rana yana cikin Sacramento. Babban birnin Kalifoniya ya bar nesa da Los Angeles da San Francisco.
Nuwamba
Ta hanyar Thanksgiving, wanda yawanci yakan fadi a ƙarshen Nuwamba, yanayin bai fara kama da wani abu kusa da kaka ba. A wannan lokacin, sanannen yanayin yanayin zafi tsakanin kudu da arewacin jihar ya zama sananne. A kudu, har yanzu yana da zafi, yayin da a arewa yake -7 digiri a cikin tsaunuka. A lokacin bazara, “ɓarke na Thule” sun gangara zuwa Arewacin California. Nuwamba shine kawai farkon watan kaka, kusan + 18 ° C.
Wani gandun daji mai jujjuyawar yanayi yana haifar da iyaka tsakanin Kudancin da Arewacin California, inda itacen dabino da na dabino suna girma daga gefe-gefe.
Disamba
Hakanan akwai hutun kankara a California - don wannan ya cancanci zuwa arewa zuwa Lake Tahoe (250 kilomita daga San Francisco), zuwa wurin shakatawa tare da ɗaruruwan kwas ɗin kankara kankara. Wani wuri don tsalle-tsalle shine Dutsen Mammoth a kudu.
Babban mawuyacin hunturu ya faru a cikin 1937, to, yana yiwuwa a gyara cikakkar zazzabi - digiri 43 ƙasa da sifilin.
Yuni Agusta
Mafi kyawun lokacin hutu don rairayin bakin teku mai aiki. Don $ 75 a Huntington Beach, hedkwatar ruwa na duniya, zaku iya sanin fasahar kama igiyar ruwa. Kuma a Dana Point, zaku iya nutse har ku tafi ruwa a $ 105. Yuli shine matsakaicin matsakaicin kullun + 35 ° C.
Wani hoto na yau da kullun don Kalifoniya shine ƙarfafa gidaje tare da jaka a cikin lokacin gobara da ke tashi a daji.
Satumba Oktoba
Farkon Autar babban lokaci ne don gano al'adun giya na California. Sonoma ko Napa - zuwa kowane ɗayan wuraren shakatawa na tarihi a San Francisco, ba za ku rasa ba: zaku iya zuwa girbin. Don $ 15-17 zaka iya ɗanɗana giya mai giyar gida. A watan Oktoba, lokacin bazara na California ya ƙare.
Dukkanin allamar Amurkawa sun fito ne daga California. Wannan jihar ita ce jagora a cikin samar da ruwan inabi da raisins (garin Californian na Fresnoproduces fiye da rabin adadin adadin duniya).
