Taimen kifayen kifi salmon dangi. Yana zaune a cikin manyan layuka da koguna na Far East, Siberia, Altai, Arewacin Kazakhstan. Weight kasa da kifi. Cikakken sakin jiki an rufe shi da kananan sikeli.

Kifin kunkuntar, tare da daskararren kai, tare da madaidaicin bakin da manyan hakora. Launi mai haske na haske. A baya duhu, tare da kore tint, ciki ne mai haske, datti-fari. Yawancin duhu duhu suna zaune a jikin jikin elongated, haka ma, mafi a gaba fiye da baya.

Har ila yau, aibobi suna kan kai, akwai su da girma. Udan fari da ƙusoshin diyya suna da ja, sauran sun yi launin toka, na cikin da na huɗɗa ya fi sauƙi. Mass dasa yi dabam da shekaru. Mutane masu shekaru bakwai masu nauyin kilogiram 3-4 suna girma zuwa 70 cm.

A lokacin kiwo, sai ya canza launi, ya zama mai launin jan-jan karfe mai haske. Tsammani na rayuwa galibi shekaru 15-17 ne. Yana girma cikin rayuwata. Ya kai tsawon to 200 cm kuma nauyinsa 90. An kama ɗayan babbar ciyayi a cikin Kogin Yenisei.

Habitat

Tun daga tarihi, mutane da ke zaune a Siberiya suna ɗaukar bera a matsayin mai koyar da tabar wiwi, kuma dasa shuki a matsayin babban kogi da tabkuna. Wannan kifin mai mahimmanci yana ƙaunar tsabtataccen ruwa da wuraren da ba a taɓa gurɓata su ba, musamman kamar kogunan ruwa mai zurfi tare da manyan ramuka masu ƙarfi, tare da raƙuman ruwa da ramuka.

Waɗannan ƙananan katako ne da ba za a iya jurewa a kwarin kogin Yenisei ba, inda kyawawan yanayin yanayin siiga yake. A cikin ƙasa ta Krasnoyarsk, planten ya kai girman girma. Taimen zaune: Kemerovo, Yankunan Tomsk - kogin Kiya da Tom, Jamhuriyar Tuva, yankin Irkutsk - kwarin kogin: Lena, Angara, Oka. A cikin yankin Altai - a cikin harajin Ob.

Siberian planten (talakawa) - mafi girman wakilcin dangin salmon. Daya daga cikin nau'ikan ruwa mai tsafta. Tana mamaye yanki mai mahimmanci na Turai da Arewacin Asiya. Mafi girman kaddara.

Ana samunsa a cikin koguna na Siberiya, kwarin Amur. A lokacin bazara, a lokacin da ruwan ya hau, kifin ya fara motsawa a kan kwararar zuwa filayen hutu. Taimen ya zaɓi ƙasa mai murƙushe dutse, ƙasa daga rapids, inda ruwan ƙasa ke fita.

Taimen ƙaƙƙarfan iyo ne mai iyo, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da kuma baya. A lokacin rani na zaune a cikin ramuka masu zurfi a ƙarƙashin rapids, a cikin shimfiɗa tare da mara tushe mara kyau, a cikin wadatar hankali. Ana iya yin shi cikin rukuni na mutane da yawa a tsakiyar kogin.

Ya san sashen kogin nasa sosai. Twilight predator. Da safe, hutawa bayan farauta. A cikin ruwan sama mai dusar ƙanƙara don farautar agogo. Kifi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, zai iya tsalle tsallake kan shingen ƙofofi da sauran cikas.

Don adana wannan kyakkyawan kifi a matsayin nau'in, an gabatar da matakan hana abubuwa. Gabaɗaya planten kamun kifi da za'ayi bisa ka'idar - "kama - saki." Bugu da kari, wannan babbar dama ce don lura da ci gabanta da ci gabanta a cikin yanayin halitta.

Halin da yanayin kifin

Yana zaune a kasan kogin, a cikin recesses na cikin taimako taimako. A wayewar gari da safiya yakan yi farauta a kusa da ƙasa. A lokacin sanyi, a karkashin kankara. Wakilan matasa sun shiga cikin kungiyoyi. Kifi na manya sun gwammace wurin yin iyo, a wasu lokutan a hade. Ayyukan salmon yana ƙaruwa tare da rage yawan zafin jiki.

Idan ruwa mai dumi, kifin ya rasa motsi, an hana shi. Ayyuka mafi girma suna faruwa a cikin watan Satumba, lokacin da planten yake samun nauyi. Ba tsoron tsoron magudanun ruwa da tarkace, suna iya saurin tsallake kan karamin ruwa ko katange.

Zasu iya motsawa cikin ruwa mara nauyi lokacinda akawunansu suke saman ruwa. Yana son ruwan sama, da iska. An yi imani da cewa hazo yana iyo cikin sauri, kuma da ya fi kazanta, sauri motsi. Masunta sun ce planten zai iya yin sautikan da ake ji daga ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

A ƙarshen watan bazara ta biyu, soya girma har zuwa 40 mm, abincin farko na soya shine larvae na danginsu. A cikin shekaru 3-4 na farko, dasa kifayen ciyawa akan kwari da ƙananan kifayen na kifayen, sannan, akasari, kifi. Manya - kifi: ruɗaɗɗen ruwa, dabbobin ruwa da sauran dabbobin ruwa. Har ila yau yana da sha'awar waterfowl da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa (ducklings, shru, voles linzamin kwamfuta).

Animalsanan dabbobi na ƙasa na iya zama ganima idan suna kusa da ruwa. Zai fito daga ruwan ya sami dabbar a asa. Ya na son frogs, mice, squirrels, ducks har ma geese, amma mafi yawan duka - na matasa launin toka. Taimen yana ciyar da duk shekara, ban da lokacin ɓarna, mafi yawan aiki bayan spawning. Girma da sauri. Ta hanyar shekaru goma, ya kai ɗari cm a tsawon, kilogram 10 a nauyi.

Kiwo

A cikin Altai spain a watan Afrilu, a cikin Urals ta Arewa a watan Mayu. Taimen caviar amber - ja, girman fis (5 da ƙari mm). An yi imani da cewa qwai kan tsiro sama da sau ɗaya a shekara, amma ƙasa da sau da yawa. Bayan sun yi ƙaura, sai su koma gida zuwa tsohon wurin zamansu.

Yawan adadin ƙwai na mutum ɗaya shine 10-30 dubu. Matar ta sanya qwai cikin rami a gadar kogin, wanda ita da kanta ta yi. Maza kyawawa a cikin kayan matse, jikinsu, musamman a kasan wutsiya, ya zama ruwan lemo - ja. Abin da ba a iya mantawa da shi ba game da yanayin - wasannin dabbar ta hanyar canjin kifi

Kama planten

Wannan nau'in ba kasuwanci bane. Moto na iya zama abin ba'a (duhu da dare, mai haske da rana). Don kyakkyawan tsire, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsutsa. A cewar ra'ayoyin masunta, maida martani ga ganima ta hanyoyi daban-daban: yana iya doke shi da wutsiyarsa ko hadiye shi ya shiga zurfi. Zai iya lalata ko ya fasa layin kamun kifi a lokacin kamun kifi daga ruwan. Don kada ku lalata kifin, kuna buƙatar hanzarta ja zuwa gabar, ja da ƙugiya a bayan tare da ƙugiya.

Don kamun kifi ta hanyar zube ko ta wata hanyar, ana buƙatar izini na musamman daga hukumomin gari, tunda doka ta kiyaye kifi na shuka planten. Nau'in Taimen: Sakhalin (a cikin Tekun Japan, kawai ruwan sabo ne da ruwan gishiri ya dace da shi), Danube, Siberian - ruwa mai tsabta.

Taimen ado ne na yanayin Siberiya. Saboda tashin hankali na mazaunin, raguwa cikin lambobi, farashin planten yayi yawa. Garken da ke tsiro a cikin babban dutsen Ob suna da mutane 230. A cikin 1998, an saka planten a cikin Littafin Farko na Altai Territory. Yau planten kamun kifi haramta! A zamanin yau, ana haɓaka wani shiri don dawo da tare da kare yalwar nau'in halitta.

Duba halayyar

Wannan kifin nasa yana cikin dangin salmon, asalin halittar planten. Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada da nau’ikan dabbobi kamar su talakawa, Koriya, Sichuan, Danube, Sakhalin.

Wani fasalin kwayoyin halittar shine rashin manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsunan dake ciki. Dukkan wakilai suna da:

• dogon jikin wani irin abincin kifi,
• daga nassin daga sama kuma daga bangarorin tare da kai "pike",
• Babbar bakin da ke buɗewa har zuwa tsinkewar gill,
• layuka biyu manya-manya, hakora da hakora.
• karami, mafi yawa azurfa,
• A fannin layin gewaye kuma akwai duhu duhu girman fis,
• insyalli masu launuka masu yawa: caudal da furo ana launin ja, dorsal yana da duhu launuka mai duhu, ɗimbin ciki da ciki sune launin toka mai haske.

Duk da cewa a Siberiya wannan kifin da aka fi sani da jan pike, yana da wahala ka gauraya shi da sauran nau'in halittu. Wani abu mai kama da shi shine yawan mazaunan koguna da tabkuna, lenok da launin toka. Koyaya, sun kasance mafi ƙanana da masu bayarwa fiye da maƙwabcin su a cikin Wuraren sanyi.

Gallery: planten kifi (25 hotuna)

Mahalli na yanki

Akwai dabaru guda biyu - mazauninsu da biotope. Yankin yanki shine inda wakilan wannan dabi'ar ko jinsin zasu iya rayuwa. Halittu iri daya iri ne na yanayin halitta da yanayin yanayin rayuwa wanda dukkanin nau'in halittun da aka haɗu da su a cikin wannan kwayar halitta ta biocenosis suke rayuwa.

An iyakance kewayon zuwa yankin Asiya na Rasha. Ana samun waɗannan kifayen a cikin koguna na Urals, Yakutia, yankin kudu maso gabas, Khakassia, Buryatia, Transbaikalia.

Idan ka bayyana yankin a bakin tafkunan, koguna kamar su:

Hakanan za'a iya haɗuwa da Taimen a cikin latsar Teletskoye da Khanka.

Ana samo shi ne kawai a cikin kogunan ruwa mai tsafta. Duk da irin kamannin da ke tattare da faranti, tana da halaye da kifayen kifi. Dukansu suna ƙaunar zama a inda akwai manyan raƙuman ruwa da ramuka. Irin wannan babban jikin dole ne a ɓoye a cikin ramuka, da zurfi. Bayan sun zauna a cikin mafaka, planten tafi farauta.

Girma na manya ya kai kilogiram 60-80

Yadda ake yin kiwo

Wannan sarki-kifi na ruwan sanyi ya fara asali bayan ya kai tsawon cm 60 Wannan babbar matsala ce ga yawancin nau'ikan halittu. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa tare da yawancin aiki masunta, ba kaɗan ba ne suke tsira zuwa wannan matakin. A sakamakon haka, mutane da ƙarancin waɗanda ke iya yin kiwo su zauna cikin wuraren ajiya.

Shin zai yiwu, tare da sanda na kamun kifi guda ɗaya, don halakar da ɗimbin tsire-tsire iri iri, launin toka da lenok a cikin kogin dutse guda ɗaya? Tabbas zaka iya. Duk waɗannan kifayen ana kiyaye su cikin raƙuman ruwa da ramuka, suna ci gaba da kai ruwa da tsirrai kawai don farauta da ɓarna. Sanin wurin da ramuka a cikin kogin, zaku iya kama duk manyan kifayen da zasu iya shayarwa. Tabbatacce mai tsira, ba shakka, zai iya girma ya fara ninka. Koyaya, wannan na faruwa ne kawai idan mutum ya bar ramin wannan kogin shi kaɗai aƙalla shekaru 5. Idan wannan bai faru ba, planten zai ɓace daga irin wannan tafki.

Tare da lenoks da launin toka a ɗan sauki - sun hanzarta kai ga balaga, don haka suna iya samun lokaci don ƙwai ƙwai har zuwa ziyarar masunta na gaba zuwa rami.

Yana da matukar wahala musamman a haifar da babban kifi a cikin yanayi na matsanancin ƙarfi na anthropogenic, saboda haka planten yanzu ya zama na yanzu. Misalin rayuwa shine cewa ƙarancin kifin ya ragu a cikin koguna, da ƙarin farauta ke nema. Kuma batun ba wai kawai a cikin martabar jini da kasuwanci na wannan nau'in ba. Taimen a kan kifin sa yana ci gaba da motsawa daga rukunin ganima zuwa rukunin ganima. A takaice dai, sau da yawa suna kama shi kada ya ci, amma don alfahari.

Kama mutum ya fi 60 cm girma a ɗimbin wuri a wuri guda yana haifar da asarar cikakkiyar damar haifuwar wannan alumma. A saboda wannan dalili, kifin ba ya mutu nan da nan a duk faɗin yankinsa, amma tare da kogunan ruwa da tabkuna, wato, inda masunta suka nuna halin taƙama - mara hankali da rashin hankali.

Ciyarwa a cikin planten, kamar duk kifi a cikin yankuna masu sanyi, yana farawa a cikin bazara. Abin sha'awa, a wannan lokacin, mutane da suka manyanta suna canza launi na silvery, wanda yake damfasu cikin ruwa bayyanannu, zuwa kyawawan launuka na jan karfe. A wannan lokacin, lokacin da mai farautar azurfa take zama “ja maraƙi”, bayyane yake ga duk mafarautan jikin. Koyaya, yakamata mutum ya ɗauki haɗari, saboda mata da miji dole ne su sami juna da sauri. Bayan sun nuna alamar qwai, mutane da sauri suna canza launin ja zuwa al'ada. Bayan wannan, sun sake haɗuwa da launuka na kogin dutsen.

Kodayake planten caviar daga babban kifi ne, yana da ƙananan girma - ba fiye da 5.5-6 mm. Yarinya mata sun sami damar sa ƙwai sama da ƙwai dubu 10-15 a lokaci guda. Wadanda suka manyanta sun sami damar jefa qwai sau 2.

Taimen, wanda ke zaune a cikin manyan kogunan tuddai, ana ɗaukar su "shark" na waɗannan ruwayen.

Don yin sacrament na spawning, mace tashi zuwa babba zuwa koguna da gina gida daga can daga m pebbles. A cikin wannan wurin ɓoyayyun wuri, caviar yana kwance game da wata daya. Soya suna girma da sauri kuma a ƙarshen bazara sukan tashi zuwa wurin da duk manya ke zaune.

Yawancin jarirai suna ciyar da dabbobi ne na dabbobin da ba za su iya rayuwa ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya, matasa kaddara sun riga sun iya bi da soyayyen sauran kifayen.

Matsalolin Taimen

Masunta sun san cewa samun planten babbar nasara ce. Ba a kirkiro wannan ra'ayin ba tunda cewa yana da matukar wahalar samu. Kawai wakilan irin wannan suna zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke sama suna bayyana dalilai da yawa don raguwar adadin nau'in halittu. Koyaya, jerin matsalolin sun fi yawa yawa. Waɗannan sune kamar haka:

1. Wuce kima. Musamman masu haɗari ga yawan jama'a shine kamaɗɗan manya da suka manyanta. Al'adar yanzu ta saki ganima bata taimaka ko ta hanyar jawo ƙugiya daga ciki ba. Gaskiyar ita ce ƙugiyar kifin tana lalata lahani ga kifin wanda bayan wannan “jinƙai” sai ya mutu saboda yunwar da raunuka. Smallan ƙaramin kifi da aka ji rauni galibi yakan zama ɗan ƙwararrun mutane masu lafiya, da kuma babban kifi, saboda farin cikin da yawancin waɗanda abin ya shafa, basa iya cin abinci na dogon lokaci. Sau da yawa wani kamuwa da cuta ya shiga cikin raunuka daga ƙugiya, wanda ke haifar da ɓacin rai, kifin ya mutu daga cuta. Don haka don magance matsalar shan ruwa kawai zai iya tsara yadda ake samar da wannan nau'in.
2. Ruwa a cikin sassan rayuwa na ruwa ya bambanta sosai a ƙarƙashin rinjayar aikin mutum. Canza yanayin zafin jiki na jikin ruwa yana faruwa ne saboda dumamar yanayi. Canza yanayin zafin ruwa na shekara-shekara na akalla aƙalla 0,5 na iya yin tasiri sosai ga yawan al theumma. Gobarar daji kuma tana haifar da dumamar ruwa. Baƙar toka, ba ta ɓoye da inuwa daga bishiyoyi ba, suna ba da gudummawa ga dumamar ƙasa, daga abin da ruwa mai ɗumi ke kwarara zuwa cikin kogin.
3. Gobara da sauran ayyukan kasuwanci suna canza pH na ruwa. Ya zama ba kawai tsaka tsaki ba, amma kuma alkaline, wanda ke cutar da yanayin yawan adadin salmonids.
4. Taimen mazaunin mazaunin wuraren oligotrophic ne. Ruwan da ke cikinsu mara kyau ne a cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da kwayoyin. Abubuwan halittar planten, lenok, launin toka da kifayen suna dacewa da rayuwa a cikin irin waɗannan ruwa. Sakamakon ayyukan anthropogenic (aikin gona tare da takin mai yawa, ƙirƙirar wuraren samar da ruwa tare da ɗimbin yawa na lalata abubuwa na kwayoyin halitta, da sauransu), jikin ruwan oligotrophic ya zama eutrophic. A farkon shekarun bayan wannan tsari, yawancin kwayoyin suna mutuwa ne sakamakon rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen. Kifi da ya dace da yanayin wuraren oligotrophic suna daga cikin na farkon da suka mutu.
5. Hakar ma'adinai, musamman gwal, tare da kogunan ruwa na sa ruwa ya zama kurmi, yana canza kayan jikinsa da sinadarai, yana lalata ramuka na dasa tsire-tsire. Duk wannan ba ya haifar da raguwar adadin kifayen ire-iren wadannan jinsunan, amma ga cikakkiyar ɓacewar su.
6. Kwayar halittar ruwa da masu aikin masana'antu tana canza yanayin ruwa sosai, wanda ke shafar nau'in halittar waɗannan kwayoyin. A sakamakon haka, an maye gurbin “jan jirgi” ta ainihin pike, wanda yake ƙasa da zaɓin zaɓin jikin ruwa da yanayin muhalli kuma, hakika, mara ƙima.

Wannan daga cikakkiyar jerin matsalolin babban kifayen na ruwan oligotrophic mai sanyi yana nuna cewa nan gaba kadan za'a samu karancin shuka iri daban daban. Haka kuma, nan bada jimawa ba daga kalmar “kama, kifi, babba da ƙarami”, magana ta ƙarshe zata rage.

Juyin halitta, hakika, tsohuwar mace ce mai hankali. Idan mutane basu yarda manyan mutane suyi haihuwa ba, to haɓakar ya riga ya faru a cikin ƙananan samfurori. Nika mutane abu ne na duniya baki daya. Don haka planten zai zama ƙaramin kifi.

Rarraba da wurin zama

Yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkakakken ruwa - koguna da koguna masu sanyi-ba-ruwa, ba sa zuwa teku. Yana faruwa a cikin Rasha a kan wani yanki mai yawa: daga Urals (rafin kogin Pechora da Kama) zuwa gabashin gabashin Yakutia da kuma kudu maso gabashin gabashin gabas (Yana, Aldan, Uda, Tugur kogin, a cikin Kogin Amur tare da lardunan Gur, Bira, Katen, Kafen, Sukpai, Chur) , Tunguska, Anyui, Khor), akan Sakhalin (spawning a cikin kogin Tym a kusa da ƙauyukan Tymovskoye, Krasnaya Tym, Beloye, mai nisan mil 200 daga bakin, Melkoy da Bogataya, har ma a cikin Kogin Poronay). Sakhalin planten yana zaune a Tekun Okhotsk. An samo shi a Khakassia a cikin Kogin Abakan. Taimen yana son kwararar gudu. An kuma samo shi a asalin Kogin Biya (Unguwar Teletskoye, Jamhuriyar Altai), da Kogin Katun. Yayi tartsatsi a cikin kogin Yenisei, Angara, Malaya da Bolshaya Belaya, Chikoe, Belaya, Onot, Urik, Oka, amma a iyakance. A cikin Transbaikalia, an kiyaye shi a cikin kogin Onon da Vitim, amma a kan yankin Mongolia akwai kifaye da yawa a cikin wannan kogin. A cikin Jamhuriyar Buryatia - a cikin Kogin Uda. Akwai a cikin kogin Turku, Maksimikha, Barguzin. A cikin Primorsky Territory, yana da faɗi sosai a cikin haraji na Kogin Amur: Ussuri, Bikin, Bolshaya Ussurka, har ma a Lake. Hanka.

Sauran bayanai

A lokacin rani, tana zaune a cikin koguna mai tsaunuka tare da ruwan sanyi, a cikin hunturu, har ila yau tana isa rafukan kwari na Amur.

A lokacin rani, ana kama planten ta hanyar juyawa akan mabiya iri daban daban, shugabannin jig, jigilar wucin gadi, a cikin hunturu - akan “makhalka” masu siyan hunturu.

Taimen, kamar sauran kifin kifin kifi, ba mai taushi bane, nama mai taushi ne, mai ƙyalƙyali, mai launin ruwan hoda.

Bakin Amur shark.

Matsayin tsaro

An shigar da shi a cikin Littafin nan na Ruwan Rediyo na Rasha, Littafin nan na Khanty-Mansi mai cin gashin kansa mai guba Okrug-Ugra, jan littafin lardin Irkutsk da sauran su.

Abin da planten kifi

Tushen taxa shine Siberian, ko ciyawar tsiron talakawa (Hucho planten), wanda kuma sanannan sunayen '' Krasul '' '' 'Sloth' '' '' Talmen '' suka san shi. Ana nuna shi da matsakaicin girma tsakanin dukkanin kifin salmon da kuma cikakken rashi kayan aikin hypoosmotic wanda ya cancanci zaman lafiya a cikin teku. Baya ga talakawa, masana sun bambanta siffofin Koriya (Ishikawae), Sichuan (Bleekeri) da Mityagin (Mityagin). Wani sanannen memba na asalin halittar shi ne salmon Danube (Hucho hucho).

Tsarin na mallakar manyan dabbobin ruwa ne kuma a karkashin ingantaccen yanayi zai iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 60. A cikin daidaitattun kamawa, matasa masu shekaru 6-7 (55-70 cm) masu nauyin kilogram 3.5-5. Kifi na manya yayi girma da sauri, tsawon shekarun mita yana da kilogram 12. Yana da shekara 20, tsawon maƙiyin shine cm 120-125 (kilogiram 25-30). Amma waɗannan alamun ba su da iyaka - mafi girman tsire-tsire masu nauyin kilogram 105 tare da ƙaruwa na 210 cm (1943, Kogin Kotuy, Terasar Krasnoyarsk).

Bayanin bayyanar

Tsarin jikin mutum na gaba-gaba da na zamani ya na da alaqa da tsarin wasan kifaye kuma yana da sigogi masu kyau wadanda zasu taimaka da saurin motsawa cikin ruwa. Sauran abubuwanda bayyanar planten sun hada da:

• insƙasasun ƙusoshin ƙashi,
• babban flattened kai
• ƙananan sikeli (140-150 a cikin layi na ƙarshe),
• babbar bakin karshe tare da kaifi hakora a ciki (layuka biyu),
• 11-13 gill stamens,
• duhu (launin toka), ash mai haske (ventral, pectoral) da ja (far, caudal) ƙyallen.

Dogon launi mai launi yana wakiltar wani yanki mai launin kore ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi da ɓangaren azurfa tare da baƙi masu baƙi. A lokacin yin tsalle, ana fentin jiki a cikin jan karfe, lemu mai zaki ko ja. Youngan ƙaramin dabbobi marasa girma suna halin kasancewar baƙin ratsi mai duhu.

Ina ne aka samo kifin planten

A cikin Rasha, babban yankin yana wakiltar koguna, lardunan ruwa da tafkunan ruwan sanyi na Tsakiya, Yammaci, Gabas Siberiya da kwarin Laptev, Okhotsk, Jafananci da kuma Tekuna na Kara. Taimen yana zaune a Lena, Yenisei, Hangar, da Oka. Yana cikin Urals (Kama, Pechora), Khakassia (Abakan), Altai Territory (Biya, Katun), Far East da Transbaikalia (Amur, Tunguska, Yana, Shilka, Vitim, Onon). Krasul ba ta ƙetare Sakhalin (Langra, Bolshoi Chingai, Pogibi, Nyida), akwai koguna a cikin yankin Primorsky waɗanda ke gudana zuwa cikin ruwan teku na Tekun Pacific (Margaritovka, Milogradovka, Avvakumovka).

Bayyanar planten

Jikin kifin yana da tsawo, kunkuntar, tsoka, an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli. Faɗaɗɗen fuska ya fado daga saman da daga bangarorin. Babbar mai ƙarfi tana sanye take da manyan, mai lanƙwasa ciki, hakora mai kaifi. Shugaban a cikin tsari yayi kama da na babban jirgi (“ja pike” wani suna ne na wannan nau'in a cikin Urals). Launin Sikeli shine azurfa mai haske ko launin ruwan kasa akan tarnaƙi, juya zuwa launin ruwan kasa-baki a bango, mai launin fari-fari akan ciki. Shugaban, bangarorin, ƙyallen rufe murfin duhu duhu. Ganyen finda na farin ko launin ruwan hoda-orange, dorsal, ventral da pectoral - suna da launin toka mai duhu. Yayin lokacin aure dasa sutura da sutura mai launin jan karfe.

Juyawa

Yana da kyau mu watsar da nau'ikan haske da nau'ikan haske waɗanda ba za su iya jimre da babban taro da ƙaƙƙarfan fenti ba - lokacin wasa, ganima sau da yawa “yana sanya kyandir”, yana tsalle daga ruwa. Fishingarancin kamun kifi na 2.2-3.0 m tare da kullu na sama daga 50-60 g yana da kyau kwarai lokacin da kamun kifi don planten, Aiko SGP, Daiwa Whisker, Hearty Rise SYLPHY sandunan zaren feshin sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau. Lokacin zabar fayel, zai fi kyau a bayar da fifiko ga ƙarancin inzali ko ɗimbin yawa tare da nauyin jigilar kilogram 7-10 da kuma ƙarfin wutan lantarki 4000 bisa ga tsarin Shimano. Ana amfani da igiyar da aka ɗaure tare da giciye na 0.23-0.3 mm tare da karyewar nauyin kilogram 12-40 ana amfani dashi azaman babban zaren. Don kaucewa hanzarin ɓoyewar jijiya akan duwatsu, zaku iya amfani da jagorar girgiza fluorocarbon. Babban wayoyin yayi jinkirin.

Rayuwa

Wannan kifin ruwa mai tsabta ne wanda ke zama cikin koguna mai sauri tare da sanyi mai kyau, jinya mai kyau, ruwa mai tsabta, amma kuma yana faruwa ne a cikin tabkuna. A lokacin bazara, wannan kifin ya fi son ƙaramin koguna da harajin aikinsu, kuma a cikin hunturu na iyo a cikin manyan koguna da tabkuna.

Gidajen da aka fi so - ya kai, guguwa, rami mara nisa daga matattarar ruwa da raƙuman ruwa. Matasa suna kiyaye garken, manya da manya sun gwammace su farauta su kadai.

Taimen ya fi aiki sosai a lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, kai tsaye bayan yawu. Da farkon zafi, kifin ya zama mai rauni, don haka da wuya a kama babban kifi a watan Yuli da farkon watan Agusta. Tarurrukan yana faruwa ne a ƙarshen watan Agusta, kuma a watan Satumba akwai zhor mai kaka, wanda yakan kasance har zuwa lokacin yin kankara.

Daban-daban na Taimen

Ichthyologists sun bambanta nau'ikan 4 masu zaman kansu:

• Danube salmon yana zaune a cikin babba da tsakiyar Danube, a cikin kwarin kogin Prut, a cikin Lake Yalpug.
• Ana samun ciyawar koriya ta koriya a Kogin Yalu, galibi a saman.
• Ana samun ciyawar Sichuan a wani karamin yanki na Kogin Yangtze. Ya bambanta da yan majalisa a cikin tsarin kwanyar. Abun kallo yana gab da karewa.
• Talakawa ko ciyawar Siberian suna zaune a cikin koguna na Siberia da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya (Amur, Tugur, Ud). Popuan ƙananan mutane sun tsira daga Baikal, Zaysan (Kazakhstan) da tafkunan Norilsk. An samo shi a cikin Altai - a tafkin Teletskoye da Kogin Chulyshman. A cikin kwandunan Kama, ana samunsa da ƙanana da yawa a cikin koguna Chusovaya, Kolva, Vishera. Yawancin shine mafi girma a girman.

Matsayi na musamman shine aikin Sakhalin planten ko chevitsa. Ba kamar sauran jinsunan da ke rayuwa a cikin kogunan ruwa ba, lentil mallakar kifin ƙaura ne. Wani ɓangare na rayuwar Sakhalin planten yana ciyarwa a cikin ruwan teku. An samo wannan kifin a cikin kogunan Sakhalin, Lake Tunaicha, a cikin Gabar Bitrus Mai Girma, kusa da. Hokkaido kuma a cikin Ruwan Tekun Japan.

Taimen kamun kifi

Ta hanyar iko, saurin motsi da kuma mayukan sauri, babu kifin kogin da za a iya kwatanta shi da planten. Saboda wannan, ana ɗaukar maƙiyin a matsayin ɗan abokiyar cancanta don ɗan wasan-masunta. Don kama wannan babban kifin mai kaifin baki, zaku buƙaci wadatarwa, ƙarfi da fasaha, gami da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi. Musamman tashin hankali a cikin yanayi shine kifin kilogiram 10-12. Kifi don manyan trophies, ko da yake a zahiri sauki, na bukatar mai yawa kokarin jiki da haƙuri a lokacin da kamun kifi - kifaye masu nauyin 30-40 kg sami damar tsayayya da rawar jiki na sa'o'i da yawa.

Mafi yawan lokuta, masunta suna amfani da kifaye don kamun kifi. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da sanda na hannu biyu, mai ƙarfi da taƙasa, aƙalla tsawon mita 2.7. Yin amfani da murfin inertial yakan kawo karshen lokacin da ake fafatawa da torpedo mai rai tare da raunin hannu; saboda haka, ana bada shawara a sa wani matsi mai inertialess ko mai yawa a lokacin fara neman ciyawar. Ciwan ya ji kamar ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfi, kifayen bayan ya yankan ƙoƙarin ya hau kan dutsen ko kuma ya faɗi a ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci, mafarautan da ke kama da “kyandir” suna tsalle daga ruwa tsawon tsawon jikin, yana hanzarta zuwa jirgin. Jerks na babban planten na iya "ja" masunta ko juya kan jirgin.

Akwai lokuta lokacin da babban maƙiyi ya shimfiɗa zobba kuma ya karya manyan tekuna, don haka ana buƙatar babban ƙugiya, tare da ƙugiya masu amintattu, waɗanda aka yi da ingantaccen ƙarfe kuma sanye take da layin kamun karko (har zuwa 0.8 mm). Wasu masu zubin gizo sun fi son amfani da masu sihiri a gida. Masu kamun kifin na Irkutsk, kamar ƙugiya, suna amfani da falmin mai nauyi, wanda ake kira "ƙaramar shaidan": ana sa guga mai jujjuya kwalisa da jan ball akan sandar ƙarfe maimakon furen. Zai fi kyau a dasa shi don masu siyan dutsen, idan an ɗora ƙugiya a kan matsakaicin matsakaici, kusa da ƙasan.

A cikin yanayin kamun kifi a kan koguna masu sauri, ban da masu zubin, ma ana amfani da su. Lokacin zabar mai ɗaukar iska, zai fi kyau tsaya a cikin ƙara, amo. Waɗannan dogaye ne (fiye da 12 cm) baits na dogon tsayi tare da launuka daban-daban. A cikin yanayin girgije, mai haske, launuka masu kyau sun fi dacewa, kuma a cikin ranakun rana - mai hankali, launuka na halitta.

Bugu da ƙari ga masu siyi da raƙuman ruwa, ana nuna sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar kama planten akan linzamin kwamfuta, wanda ke kwaikwayon halayen dabbar da ta faɗa cikin kogin, wanda ke iyo zuwa gaɓar tekun. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar a maraice, kodayake mai tsoro ko maƙiyi na iya amsawa ga linzamin kwamfuta ba da rana ba. Da yardar rai yake dasawa a linzamin kwamfuta a lokacin kaka zhora. Tunda wani lokacin kifin yana kama da "linzamin kwamfuta" da kai, yana da kyau a samar da ƙungiyar ta mashin guda biyu - a gaban da bayan.

Manufa: "kama - ya tafi!"

Yawan nau'in planten yana raguwa cikin sauri. Sakhalin planten, a matsayin jinsin mai saurin ratsa jiki, an jera su a cikin littafin duniya na Red Book na jihar. Tushen Siberian, duk da yanki mai yawa da yawa, har ila yau yana zama ɗan wakilai mara saurin wakilcin gida naththfafauna.

Wannan nau'in yana cikin Littafin Red na yawancin yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha (Yankin Irkutsk, Khanty-Mansi Autrugous Okrug-Ugra, Altai Territory, Jamhuriyar Bashkir, da sauransu). Kama tsire-tsire a cikin Siberiya an haramta shi a yawancin yankuna.

Amma ko da inda aka ba shi izinin kama shi ƙarƙashin lasisi, ana amfani da ka'idodin wasanni na kamun kifi: "kama - ya ɗauki hoto - aka saki". Mutane ne kawai ba za su iya yiwuwa su kasance a wurin kamun ludayin ba. An yarda da kamun kifi a Yakutia a Taimen daga 20 ga Yuni zuwa 20 ga Satumba. A cikin kwarin kogin Khudosey (Yamal-Nenets m Okrug) - daga Yuni 20 zuwa Satumba 1.

Taimen Lures

Sakamakon tsinkaye na halitta, ya wajaba don amfani da oscillating ko masu jujjuyawar wani launi na dabi'a, wanda ke halayyar kifin gida (azurfa, jan ƙarfe, tagulla, zinari), kuma suna da tsarin abubuwa dabam-dabam. Babban planten yana tafiya sosai tare da ƙananan Mepps Lusox ko Abu Garcia Toby, amma gaba ɗaya sunyi watsi da takwarorinsu mafi girma. Ana nuna sakamako mai kyau ta nutsewa da faɗuwar bututu (masu dakatarwa) da Devons tare da ruwan wukake. Ana amfani da kwari marasa ƙarfi a cikin nau'i na kifi (poppers) musamman wuya saboda ƙarancin aiki. Taimen yafi kyau a kama wani linzamin kwamfuta wanda ke da tsawon cm 10 cm, wanda a zahiri ya kwaikwayi wani dansandan dake zagaye cikin ruwa. Irin wannan mai siyarwa tare da tekuna da yawa yana tasiri musamman lokacin kamun kifi don mai farautar ranar girgije ko dare.

Abun ciki da fa'idar tsiron kifi

Krasulia yana da nama mai daɗi, mai laushi da taushi mai ruwan hoda ko launi ja, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci ga jiki:

• sunadarai masu sauƙin narkewa (18.9 g),
• Vitamin B3 (2.9 mg)
• zinc (0.7 mg), chlorine (165 mg), sulfur (175 mg),
• nickel (6 μg), chromium (55 μg), molybdenum (4 μg).

Menene tsire-tsire ke ci?

Hoto: Taimen a cikin ruwa

Yawancin lokaci ana samun tsofaffi a cikin yankin su (ramuka mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin rapids da waterfalls, rikicewar ƙananan haraji, ƙarƙashin ginin gada ko manyan duwatsun, rami na gabar teku), waɗanda suke ƙin kawai lokacin abinci da ɓarna. Matasa matasa ba su da yanki na dindindin. An same su a cikin ruwa mai gudana, farauta don karkatar da ruwa da juya gaba ɗaya zuwa abincin kifaye shekaru 1-3 bayan haihuwa.

A lokacin spawning, planten kusan baya ciyar. Bayan wannan ya zo da lokacin zhor, wanda a lokacin ne kifi ya ci abinci sosai, duk da haka, lokacin shaye-shaye ba ya daɗewa kuma an maye gurbin shi da fasasshen rai, bayan farkon lokacin zafi. Bayan haka kuma, kifin ya shiga cikin lokacin zhor, yana da alaƙa da buƙatar dasa planten don samin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin hunturu. Kasancewar kitsen jiki yana taimakawa kifin tsira daga ƙarancin wadataccen abinci a lokacin sanyi. Shuka ta farko tsofaffin dabbobi sune masu cin kifi, kodayake suna ciyar da abincin ƙasa, kamar su beraye da tsuntsaye.

Siberian planten - saman maɓarnata a yawancin tsarin, inda suke faruwa, ciyar a kan:

• kifi
• rodents
• mai shayarwa
• har da jemagu.

Individuals matasa matasa suna ciyar da abinci ta hanyar indomebrates da lardise larvae. Ya danganta da tafki, tushen abincin ya ƙunshi ƙananan kifi na iyalai: farin kifi, cyprinids, cyprinids, launin toka, da dai sauransu sannu a hankali, ƙananan kifayen sun fara farauta don soya na wasu kifayen, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta uku sun canza zuwa abinci mai kyau. Taimen zai iya cin dangi mara sauƙi. Kifi mai jin yunwa yakan kawo wa frogs, kajin, squirrels, mice.

A ina yake shuka yake zaune?

Hoto: Taimen a Rasha

Ana samun tsire-tsire na Siberian a Turai da Asiya, ciki har da wasu yankuna na Caspian da Arctic a Eurasia (Volga, Ural, Pechora, Yenisei, Lena) da kuma wasu sassan Yankin Pacific a Mongolia, Russia da China. Yammacin iyakar ƙasarsu ta haƙiƙa ita ce ƙasan kogin Volga da Pechora. Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin lardunan da yawa na Pechora, ciki har da Ilych, Kosiu, Bolshaya Sinyuya da Usa. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata babu wasu bayanan kasancewar wannan kifin a cikin Jamhuriyar Komi. Lastarshen rikodin ƙarshe na jinsunan a cikin Komi Republic shine a cikin Kogin Ilych a 1978.

Yawancin fannoni da ke tsakanin Volga da Urals (gami da harajin Kogin Ik Ikon) ya ɓace. Matsakaicin wuri a Turai inda har yanzu wannan nau'in ke kasancewa shine Kogin Kama (musamman Kogin Vishera), inda har yanzu kifayen keɓaɓɓu. Hakanan akwai Taimen a cikin Kogin Yaiva, kuma akwai bayanan a cikin kogin Kosva, Chusovaya da Berezovaya. An gano nau'in a cikin 1987 a cikin Udmurt Republic, a cikin Kogin Shiva da kuma ƙananan ƙananan rafin Votkono. An samo ta a cikin yankin Khabarovsk, ciki har da Kogin Amur da lardunan ta, da kuma kogin Tugur da Uda a gefen Tekun Okhotsk.

Wani lokaci ana kama wannan nau'in a cikin Kogin Langra a arewacin tsibirin Sakhalin. A cikin Mongolia, ana samun planten a cikin Shishhead, Eg, Uur, Delger Moron, Yder, Chuluud, Ero, Selenga, Orkhon da Tuul, kazalika a cikin kwarin Darkhad (kwari da Arctic) da Onone, saman hawan kogin Herlen da Khalkhin (Amur runoff). A cikin China, wannan yana faruwa a Kogin Heilongjiang (Amur) da larduna, har ma a saman kogin Irtysh a cikin yankin Altai na lardin Xinjiang.

Yanzu kun san inda aka samo ciyawar. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin ya ci.

Halayya da halaye

Taimen kifi ne mai tsinkaye wanda yafi son farauta a magariba, haka kuma a cikin ruwan sama da kuma hadari. Matasa na girma kan ciyar da yawancin larvae, tsutsotsi, leeches, crustaceans da soya na wasu nau'in kifaye.

Mutuwar sannu-sannu a hankali na zooplankton da kuma sauyawa zuwa abinci ta wakilai na ichthyofauna na tafkin planten yana faruwa ne a lokacin yana da shekaru 3-4, lokacin da wannan kifin mai ban mamaki yana da tsalle sosai a cikin ci gaban jaws, aikin haɗiye da tsarin narkewa.

Yana da a wannan lokacin a cikin abincin planten ya bayyana:

• kifi
• 'yan amphibians
• kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa
• mai shayarwa

Bai kamata mutum ya yi mamakin irin wannan menu ba, tunda ƙaramin planten na iya farautar ganima, girmansa wanda yake shi ne kashi 15% na tsinkayen ɗan maharbi. Da kyau, ga manya, wanda tsawonsa ya kai mita 3, wannan adadi ya kai 40-42%.

A cikin bazara da bazara, planten, wanda yake shi ne kifin kifi (wani lokacin ana haɗa su) kifi, ya fi son ciyarwa a cikin babban sanyi na manyan kogunan ruwa ko tafkuna, inda bazara ko ruwa ke narkewa koyaushe. Da rana, wannan wakilin salmon ya fi son farauta a wurare masu duhu, da daddare yakan je ya buɗe masifa, kuma yana haɗuwa da safe a kan tsageran, inda yakan bi ƙaramin kifi sosai (baya ƙin ci gaban ƙuruciyarsa).

Kamar yadda ruwa ke sama, planten ya zama mara karfi. Masana sun danganta wannan da raɗaɗin tsarin maye hakora.Koyaya, kusansa da kaka, wannan kifin ya fara cin zhor, tunda yana da mahimmanci ga maharbi ya tattara asara don tsira da yunwar hunturu cikin zafin rai. Taimen fi son zuwa hunturu a cikin manyan jikkunan ruwa, inda yake dawowa zuwa tsakiyar kaka.

Taimen kifi ne, ainihin bayanin halayen da masana kimiyya har yanzu suka kasa gabatar da shi. Koyaya, kwanan nan masanan kimiyyar halitta sunyi nasarar gano cewa manyan mutane suna barin mazauninsu na al'ada lokacin da kananan dabbobi suka bayyana a wurin, zasu iya cinye wannan yankin.

Matsakaicin matsakaici da tsawon rayuwa

Matsakaicin rayuwar tsirrai, a cewar masana, yakamata ya kasance a kalla shekaru 20. A wannan zamani, tsawon kifin mutum zai iya kaiwa mita 1.5-2 tare da nauyin kilo 60-80. Koyaya, a cikin yanayi masu dacewa, planten zai iya rayuwa aƙalla har zuwa shekaru 55 kuma ya girma zuwa mita 3 a tsayi tare da nauyin kilo 100. Irin wannan kifin ne wanda aka kama daga Yenisei, wanda ke gudana a cikin kusa da Krasnoyarsk.

Awannan zamanin, ba a samun irin wannan yanayin. Haka kuma, halin da ake ciki a yau irin wannan ne wanda a nan gaba planten - zai zama kifi, an samo shi ne kawai a cikin hoto.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Menene planten yayi kama

A duk fa'idarsa, planten yana fama da asarar mazauninsu, ƙarancin ingancin ruwa, yawan cika ruwa, zubar da ruwa da harbi. Tun da waɗannan kifayen suka girma a hankali - yana ɗaukar shekaru bakwai kafin su kai ga balaga - yawan jama'a ba za su iya dawowa da sauri ba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka sanya planten a matsayin "mai haɗari" a cikin littafin Red, wanda Unionungiyar Internationalasa ta Duniya ke Kula da Yanayi. Dangane da bincikensu, yawan shuka ya ragu da kashi 50-95%, ya danganta da wurin, tare da asarar rayuka mafi muni a kasar Sin da kuma yawan jama'a masu kwanciyar hankali a kwarin Arctic na Rasha.

Mongolia ta kasance mafi ci gaba a cikin ƙoƙarinta na kiyayewa, gabatar da ka'idoji da ƙaddamar da ka'idoji akan duk koguna da yin aiki tare da mutanen gari don wayar da kan jama'a game da mahimmancin ƙwayar shuka mai mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin yankin. Koyaya, yawancin tarihin nau'ikan jinsin ana samunsu ne a Federationungiyar Rasha (kashi 83.8% na jimlar). Tarihi, nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu ya haɗu zuwa Sin (6.4% na jimlar), Kazakhstan (6.1% na jimlar) da Mongolia (3.7% na jimlar).

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: asarar yawan jama'a ga yankuna daban-daban sun bambanta daga 3.2% a cikin Rasha (a cikin Volga, Urals da Pechora), 6.9% a China (a cikin kwarin Amur) da 19.1% a Mongolia.

Yawan asara na rarraba yanki watakila ya fi girma, ganin cewa yawancin jama'a, musamman gefen yankin da aka rarraba su, ya zama rarrabuwar kawuna sakamakon tasirin yankuna daga canjin amfani da ƙasa da matsi na kamun kifi. Koyaya, a yau babu isasshen bayanai don samun ƙididdigar abin dogaro ga wannan nau'in a cikin mafi girman yanayin ta.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Taimen, da aka sani da Siberian planten, da kuma babban kogin Siberian, wani nau'in kifi ne na musamman a cikin masarautar salmon. Dangane da binciken kundin halittar kifin, wannan shine mafi tsufin kifin kifi, wanda aka kiyasta shekarunsa miliyan 40. Kwanan nan, bayanai sun bayyana suna nuna kusancin dangantaka tsakanin planten da Oncorhynchus na Pacific, da kuma kifin kifin na Pacific wanda ke da alaƙa da Parasalmo.

Bidiyo: Taimen

Salmonids na yanzu suna da layi uku, waɗanda aka yi la'akari da su a ƙarƙashin ƙasa:

• farin kifi (Coregoninae),
• Greyling (Thymallinae), haɗe da char,
• masara da kifi (Salmoninae).

Duk layin guda uku ana ɗauka don nuna alamun halayen da suka samo asali waɗanda suka fito daga cikin rukuni ɗaya na kwayoyin halitta. A karo na farko, kifin masara ya bayyana a cikin burbushin halittu a Tsakiyar Eocene. An samo burbushin Eosalmo driftwoodensis a cikin Driftwood Bay. Wannan nau'in halittar halittar yana da alamu gama gari da aka samo a cikin layin kifin kifi, kifin kifi da launin toka. Dangane da wannan, E. driftwoodensis wakilin salmon ne mai archaic, yana nuna mafi mahimmanci mataki a cikin canjin salmonids.

Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan jinsin sun fito daga Oncorhynchus, asalin halittar salmon na yanzu da wasu nau'ikan kifaye. Kasancewar ire-iren wadannan jinsunan a doron ƙasa an tabbatar da cewa Oncorhynchus yana nan ba kawai a cikin kwarin Pacific kafin Pliocene ba, amma waɗannan layin kuma sun bazu zuwa sauran wuraren ruwa. Rarraba tsakanin Oncorhynchus da Salmo (sallan tsibirin Atlantic) sun faru tun kafin a gama Pliocene. Wataƙila a farkon Miocene.

Sirrin kamun kifi

Abinda yake faruwa a cikin halin planten shine karami wannan kifi ya zama, mafi ƙimar shi ya zama kamar ganima na wasanni.

Wataƙila, sabili da haka, wasu yankuna na Rasha ba su yi yunƙurin dakatar da kamun kifi ba ga planten, wanda a halin yanzu akwai kawai a cikin sigar wasanni kuma tare da ƙuntatawa masu yawa a cikin hanyar:

• cikakken haramcin kamun kifi a lokacin tserewa,
• guda kamun kifi da kuma wucin gadi,
• An ba da shawarar ku kamo kifi a cikin tafkin idan babu lahani.

Masana sunyi la'akari da lokacin mafi kyawun lokacin dasa planten don zama bayan zhor (Mayu-Yuni) da ciyarwar kaka (Agusta-Nuwamba). Yawancin kwari suna lura da maraice da safiya, lokacin da ruwan ya "lullube" a cikin hazo.

Itea'idodin wuraren shakatawa na planten sune yankuna tare da saurin gudana a kan iyakar rapids da tuddai na dutse, kwararar ruwa, a cikin ƙananan ƙoramu da haraji, gami da ƙananan tsibiran da ke kan tudu. A wannan yanayin, kifin yayi ƙoƙari ya zauna a cikin ƙananan ruwa na ruwa kuma da wuya ya amsa ga ƙungiyar da take a farfajiya ko “ruwan rabin”.

Masunta masu motsa jiki sun gwammace su kama planten don zube ta amfani da masu siyan launi daban-daban da kuma nau'ikan jig, ko kuma amfani da kamun kifi. Bait da masu zaba na kowane kandaran dole ne a zabi su daban daban. "Mouse mai ƙirar wucin gadi" zai zama da amfani lokacin farauta don samun lambar yabo.

Idan yana da lasisi, masanin yana da 'yancin yayi ƙoƙarin kama planten, tsawon sa shine aƙalla 75 santimita. Kifi, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana cikin wuraren da aka tsara musamman don wannan dalili. Tare da kifin da aka kama, zaku iya ɗaukar hoto, sannan ya kamata ku saki planten a cikin tafki, idan mutum bai sami mummunar lalacewa ba.

Planten girke-girke

Yawancin masunta sun yi imanin cewa hanya mafi kyau don shirya planten ita ce jakadanta na matsakaici. Tare da irin wannan naman, aƙalla sauƙaƙe, aƙalla salads, aƙalla ku ci dama. Babban abu ba shine ganimar ba. Karka gishiri da gindin ruwa. Amma komai ya zo, kamar yadda suke faɗa, tare da gwaninta.

Akwai farantin masunta na Siberian da ake kira "Crystal". Wannan farantin ne wanda kansuna da ƙeran kawai ake ɗauka. Ana dafa wannan akan mafi yawan zafi har sai an dafa shi na tsawon mintina 15. Don haka sanyi, tace, ƙara furotin mai dafaffen gas, kadan na caviar. Bayan haka, firinjikin ya zama na zahiri, kamar kristal. Sai a sanya kamar wata kosai na barkono mai zafi da Dill. Ba a cin irin wannan broth, amma a bugu tare da burodin burodi. Idan kanaso, zaka iya dafa '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' zazzage

Tsakanin tsokoki na planten yadudduka masu ƙiba, don haka naman sa yana da taushi. Wannan mai, mai a cikin PUFA, shine ke sa planten ya zama samfurin ƙoshin lafiya.

A Siberiya, ana kuma cin kawunan shuwagabannin, kuma gaba ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci muna jefa kifayen kasada, kuma a can ma suke ci. Amma su, har da kawuna, za a iya cinye su kawai idan kifin yana da sabo kuma babu wata shakka game da hakan. Lokacin da ciyawar ke narkewa, zuciya, hanta, ciki mai tsafta da mafitsara suna wankewa sosai. Kuma a sa'an nan duk wannan an soyayyen a cikin kwanon rufi tare da Bugu da ƙari wadataccen mai, da kuma kayan yaji da gishiri har sai matsi.

Ana iya siyan Taimen a cikin ice cream. Zai fi kyau a dafa tare da ƙari na karas, albasa, faski, baƙar fata da allspice. Yanke kifin cikin manyan guda kuma ƙara ruwan gishiri, ƙara duk sauran kayan masarufi ku dafa na minti 20. Yawancin lokaci ku ci zafi, tare da dankali ko salatin. Amma idan wani yana son kifin mai sanyi, to, don Allah, tare da namomin kaza da soyayyen naman gwari, ciyawar sanyi ba ta da kyau.

Gasa gashe yana da kyau. A tofa, planten kuma ana soyayyen a manyan guda, tare da gishiri da ƙasa allspice, yana da kyau a zuba shi da man shanu mai narke. Kuna iya bauta tare da leek na daji, albasa mai launin kore da kuma gaba ɗaya tare da kowane kayan lambu!

M planten kuma gasa a cikin tanda. An gasa shi da ƙwayar mustard. An yanke fillet ɗin kifi a cikin steaks game da 3 cm lokacin farin ciki kuma mai nauyin ƙasa da 100 g. Takan yi wuya a ƙyalƙyalen ƙwayayen mustard sannan a yanka ta alayyafo tare da yankakken faski. Sa'an nan a saka a cikin m, yada a kai tare da man shanu kuma a saka a cikin tanda, mai tsanani zuwa digiri 180. Gasa yana da shawarar kimanin minti 10.

Hakanan, planten za a iya kyafaffen. Kyafaffen planten ne da gaske dauke mai dadi delicacy.

Ana samun waɗannan Kattai a cikin manyan kogunanmu da wuraren ajiye mu, suna zaɓar maɓuɓɓugan zurmi da shunir ga mazauninsu. Kuma wasu lokuta sun cancanci a kira su ainihin dodanni. Kifi mai kamun kifi. Zasu iya ciyar da abinci, kodayake saboda yanayinsu na ainihi su ne ainihin mafarauta, masu ƙarfi da fushi. (A kan yaduwar kifayen kifi, karanta labarinmu "Catfish, inda dodanni ke zaune")

Babban abincin kifi ku bauta wa kifi, ƙananan dabbobi, tsuntsayen da ba su iya kulawa a kan ruwa a cikin mazaunan catfish. Kifayen catfish ba za su ƙi bin mollusks na kogi - mara ƙoshin lafiya ba, mai haɗari da sauran bivalves. Babban kifayen na iya kai hari a gidan dabbobi. Kuma babu wanda ya fito daga kabilar kifi da ya fi birge kifayen kifi.

Marubuci kuma masanin kimiyya Arsentiev ya baiyana lokuta lokacin da katon kifayen suka kai hari kan kamun kifin a kusa da shi, ya kama su da kafafu da ƙoƙarin jan su cikin tafkin. Akwai kyawawan kwatanci, kamar kifin kifi, kamar an jingina ƙananan yara daga tashoshin, yayin da uwaye mata ke wanke wankin. Waɗannan manyan mahara sun ci karo da manya. Kuma me yasa zaka yi mamaki idan, a cewar Sabaneev, a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata, kifin kifi ya kai nauyi fiye da kilogiram 400. Irin wannan dabbar zai iya kaiwa mutum saukin nasara da nasara.

Musamman batun ya faru ne tare da ƙoshin kaji guda ɗaya suka ketare kogin da kifayen da ƙafa ya kama. Adadin cutar ba ya tsira ne kawai da sikila, wanda yake a lokacin a hannunsa. Akwai wasu maganganu masu yawa na kifayen kifi a kan mutane da aka bayyana a cikin littattafai da jaridu.

A zamaninmu, babu kusan waɗannan ƙattai.

Kifayen kifi suna da nauyi fiye da ganima kimanin kilo 30. Gaskiya ne, maƙeran bale waɗanda ke da nauyin kilo ɗari biyu har yanzu suna riskar Volga delta, amma akwai aljanna ta zahiri ga masunta da masunta.

Na ƙarshe, tabbas, na rikodin lokuta na sakin wata katuwar kifayen ana iya kiranta yanayin a cikin Khopery ajiyelokacin da maharbi ya jawo barewa cikin ruwa, da kuma bala'in da ke faruwa a yankin Voronezh a shekarun 90s, lokacin da cat-cannibal ya ja mazaunan ƙauyen Kulakovo wanka da yamma. Mata da yaro ne.

Kifin ruwan China

Paddlefish na kasar Sin ko psefur - wani kifin ruwa mai tsabtace wanda ke rayuwa kawai a Kogin Yangtze, wani lokacin kuma yakan yi iyo a cikin manyan tafkuna da Kogin Rawaya. Tsawon jikinsu na iya wuce mita 3, nauyi 300 kilo. Akwai bayanai cewa a cikin shekarun 1950, masunta sun kama paddlefish mai tsawon mita 7 tare da nauyinsa kimanin kilo 500, kodayake ba a tabbatar da gaskiyar labarin ba. Yana ciyar da kifi da crustaceans. Naman da caviar suna da daraja sosai a kasar Sin.

Launin nama

Tushen nama shine mai laushi mai haske mai launin ja ko ruwan hoda. Ana girmama shi sosai tsakanin gourmets don dandano mai ƙanshi mai daɗi. Abun haɗin yana da wadataccen abinci mai ɗumbin yawa na polyunsaturated kuma cikakkun sunadarai suna sa kifin ya zama samfurin wadataccen mai gamsarwa. Kuma kasancewar manyan abubuwa masu mahimmanci da na bitamin ga jikin dan Adam yana da kyau ga lafiya.

MUHIMMI: Omega-3 kitse mai mahimmanci ne. Wannan antioxidant mai ƙarfi yana kare membranes na sel daga lalacewa kuma yana rage jinkirin tsufa. Hakanan yana hana tarin cholesterol mai cutarwa a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da atherosclerosis.

Taimen caviar abinci ne na gaske. Hakanan ma sautunan haske ne, manyan, tare da dandano mai yawa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin tsari mai gishiri. A cikin hoto - yadda yake kama da:

Kifi na kamun kifi

Ba a banza ba ne cewa an kira tsire-tsire na yau da kullun ana kiransa sarki kifi, yana jaddada ba wai kawai girmanta ba, har ma da iyawar aristocratic of pulp m da kuma bayyanar sarauta da gaske na caviar. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa, duk da kusan dokar hana fitar masana'antu na planten, har ila yau kasuwancinsa maras ma'amala da nishaɗi ya ci gaba a Rasha da kuma a wasu ƙasashe (Kazakhstan, China da Mongolia).

Hankali A karkashin lasisi ko a wurare na musamman, zaku iya kama planten akalla 70-75 cm tsawo.

Dangane da ka'idodin, masanin da ya nemi firinjin ya zama tilas ya kyale shi, amma yana iya ɗaukar hoto tare da ganima. An ba shi izinin ɗauka tare da ku a ƙarƙashin yanayin kawai - kifi ya ji rauni sosai a yayin kama kifi.

Koma abinda ke ciki

Dafa Taimen

Taimen fillet yana da matsakaici mai mai kuma mai laushi saboda yadudduka mai tsakanin ƙwayoyin tsoka. A matsayin samfurin mahimmanci tare da babban palatability, yana da mashahuri a duk faɗin duniya. Mai sauƙin aiwatarwa, tunda babu ƙasusuwa, kawai na kwance. Amfani da shi cikin abinci na ƙasashe daban-daban.

Yana da kyau a daukoshi. Wannan hanyar dafa abinci tana jaddadawa da haɓaka dandano nama. Salty planten ya haɗu tare da sauran samfura. Ana amfani dashi azaman abun ciye-ciye mai zaman kansa ko a cikin salads. Salting baya buƙatar magani mai zafi, saboda haka duk bitamin, abubuwa masu mahimmanci na micro da macro ana kiyaye su, musamman tare da salting na matsakaici.

Taimen an shirya ta hanyoyi daban-daban: steamed, soyayyen, stewed, gasa, gasa, sanya aspic da gwangwani. A kan gasa ko mashaya, kifi ma ya zama mai kyau. A matsayin kwano na gefe, shinkafa, taliya, dankali suna dacewa da shi, kayan lambu ba za su kasance a wurin ba. Dangane da kayan ƙanshi, ya dace a zaɓi kayan yaji na gargajiya "kifi" ko kuma ɗanɗano.

MUHIMMI: Mafi yawan kifayen wannan nau'in ana kama su a watan Satumba-Oktoba. Tuni ta yi nasarar tara kitse don lokacin hunturu, saboda haka za ta kasance mai daɗin ci, mai daɗi a kowane tebur.

Wannan nau'in kifaye masu tsada ne, saboda yana da ɗanɗano, kuma kamun kifi yana da iyaka. A kan shelves of shagunan yawanci yana bayyana a cikin nau'i na kyafaffen fillet ko steaks, ƙasa da sau da yawa - gawa mai daskararru.

Manyan giwayen ruwa

Giwar ruwa mai zurfi (Himantura polylepis) - wani nau'in tsaran ruwa ne da ke zaune a cikin ruwa mai yawan ruwa na Indochina da Kalimantan. Mai ikon yin girma zuwa 1.9 m fadi da nauyi 600 kilogiram. Suna ciyar da yafi akan crustaceans da mollusks, watakila earthworms. Babbar tudadar ruwa ba mai tashin hankali ba ce, kodayake dole ne a kula da su da kyau, tun da dogon lokacin da suke da guba na iya daskarewa kashin mutum. Wannan nau'in na cikin haɗari.

Farar fata Sturgeon

Wuri na biyar a cikin jerin manyan kifinn ruwa a duniya shine ke hannun White Sturgeon - wani nau'in kifayen dangin Sturgeon, mafi girma kifin ruwa a Arewacin Amurka. Tana zaune a gindin kogunan ruwa masu sanyin jiki da kuma rafuka a gefen gabar yammacin tekun Arewacin Amurka. Farar Sturgeon yana da girma har zuwa 6.1 m tsawo kuma yana nauyin 816 kg. Yana ciyar da yafi akan kifi, crustaceans da mollusks.

Abun da keɓaɓɓun da fa'idantar da ciyawar nama

Naman Taimen yana nufin abinci mai kalori sosai, saboda ya ƙunshi kawai 119 kilocalories ta 100 gram A sakamakon haka, ana ba da shawarar don amfani da mutanen da ke kan tsayayyen abinci, tsofaffin citizensan ƙasa da kuma mutanen da ke da ƙoshin lafiya, kamar yadda jiki ke ɗauke da shi sosai. Daga cikin kayan amfani na naman planten, ni ma zan so a lura:

• kasancewar kitse mai yawan kitse wanda ke hana samuwar atherosclerosis da hauhawar jini,
• Abincin furotin nama yana da daidaituwa sosai a cikin tsarin amino acid, wanda ke ba da damar shigar da shi cikin abincin mata masu juna biyu da masu shayar da yara,
• planten nama yana taimakawa a cikin aikin kwakwalwa kuma yana inganta tsarin jijiya,
• godiya ga sinadarin zinc da ke cikin nama, lafiyar fata, kusoshi da aski sun inganta, kuma fluorine yana taimakawa ƙarfafa hakora da ƙashin ƙashi.

Dalilai game da rabuwa da jinsi

Sanannen gama-gari na planten sannu a hankali ya ɓace daga wuraren mazauninsu halin halayyar. Wannan sabon abu ya samo asali ne daga jerin matsaloli masu zuwa:

1. Canja a cikin tsarin sinadaran ruwa saboda dumamar yanayi. Tare da tsalle-tsalle masu tsayi a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayi na shekara-shekara, koda digiri da yawa, raguwar yawan masu irin wannan dabi'ar ya zama dole a lura.
2. Gobara - ba wai kawai haifar da dumamar ruwa ba, har ma canza pH lokacin da ash da katako mai ƙonawa sun shiga ciki. Ruwa a hankali ya zama alkaline. Wani abu mai kama da wannan yayi mummunan tasiri na yawan ba planten kadai ba, har ma da sauran kifayen, waɗanda aka rarrabe su azaman salmonids.
3. Ayyukan ɗan adam - ƙirƙirar wuraren ajiye ruwa, tsirrai mai amfani da ruwa, amfani da takin zamani a cikin aikin gona yana haifar da lalata kwayoyin halitta a cikin kogin rafi. Ba wai kawai kwayoyin halittu masu wahala su ke wahala ba, har ma da tsire-tsire masu tsaftataccen ruwa tare da oxygen. Duk wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa planten ya zama da wahala a daidaita da sabon yanayin rayuwa.
4. Karafa - irin wannan kamun kifi yana haifar da girgije daga ruwa, canji a cikin alamuran sinadarai da na zahiri. Irin wannan aikin yakan haifar da lalata abubuwan ɓacin rai a cikin rafin kogin, inda planten ke rayuwa. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin yankunan koguna da ake amfani da ma'adinai, akwai cikakken ɓacewar salmon.
5. Gurɓataccen ruwa daga sharar masana'antu - shigar da magudanun ruwa masu gurbata ruwa cikin koguna yana haifar da zubar da wasu abubuwan halittun. Sau da yawa wannan yakan haifar da halayen ƙwayar planten. Mahalli na wannan magabcin sannu a hankali yana zama ne da pike, wanda baya cikin saurin ɗaukar abinci kuma yana iya rayayye cikin mahalli da yawa.

Masarautar Amateur

Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, tsire-tsire na yau da kullun ana kamawa kawai bisa ga lasisi. Maƙaddara irin wannan maƙiyin yana yiwuwa ya zube. Ana lura da mafi kyawun cizo a sanyin safiya, lokacin da wakilan nau'ikan halittu suka fi karfi a cikin neman ganima.

A cikin lokacin zhor, maharbin ba shi da tsinkaye a zaɓin abinci. Kusan kowane tafarkin yana da ikon kama planten a irin wannan lokacin. Ragowar lokacin, irin waɗannan kifayen ba su da iyaka. Da farko suna amsawa ga masu zana launuka masu launi.

Dandana anglers yi imani da cewa planten musamman kyau a biting manyan baits. Koyaya, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, sha'awar amfani da manyan masu sikeli a cikin mafi yawan lokuta baya ƙididdige ƙimar nasarar kamun kifi.

Taimen yana da ƙarfi, matattarar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, ana ba da kulawa ta musamman a cikin shirye-shiryen kaya don ƙirƙirar tees masu ƙarfi da zaɓi layin kamun kifi. In ba haka ba, maharbin na iya tsagewa kuma ya ja koto.

Kama masu shuka, yanada masu zari da ƙwaya suna amfani da na'urori suna kwaikwayon bera kamar masu siyan leda. Kifayen da ke cinyewa sau da yawa sukan kama kan ƙananan ƙwayoyin da suke haye jikin ruwa. Sabili da haka, zaɓin irin wannan koto yana da alaƙa. Ganin kwayar ta hanyar motsi, planten yayi kokarin nutsar dashi da wutsiyar sa, daga baya ya haɗiye shi da sauri.

Bayanin Kifi

Babban katon kifayen kogunanmu na Siberiya, tare da wutsiya ja mai haske, plantar talakawa. Babban dako ne. Duk da kasancewar kifin kifin salmon, yana kama da wani irin yanayi mai canza yanayin tsakanin kifi da kifin kifi.

Matsakaicin matsakaicinsa ya kai kilo sittin, wani lokacin kuma ƙari. Samun girman waɗannan girma, babban kifi ba shi da maƙiyan waje sai mutane. Tabbas, tuni ya cika shekaru 10, kifin planten yayi kama da na ainihi mai girma, idan aka kwatanta shi da takwarorinsa na kogin. Yana da ban sha'awa muyi tunanin girman da shuka mafi girma a duniya ya kai. Kodayake babu wanda zai ce tabbatacce, har yanzu akwai wasu bayanai:

• daga wallafe-wallafen kimiyya an san cewa a cikin hunturu na 1945 a cikin Kogin Amur, wani ganima mai nauyin kilogram 80 ya faɗi akan matsalar kankara,
• A cikin 1952, wani masanin ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa Tolchevnikov ya ga yadda suka kama kan yanar gizo har ma ya fi girma - kilogiram 86!

A zamanin yau, kame irin waɗannan gwanayen ba a iya faɗiwa. Zai yiwu yalwar wannan nau'in ta faɗi sosai yayin lalata gurɓatattun koguna.

Jikin mai farauta shine azurfa, tare da watsuwa baƙar fata da wutsiya mai launin ja. Koyaya, launi na jiki na iya canza inuwa a lokacin tsananin.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, planten ya kasance na ƙananan kifi kuma an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Rasha, an haramta kama sa. Yawon shakatawa na kamun kifi tare da rafin Siberian yana ba da doka game da planten, kama - bari.

saboda ƙoshin nama, an kamun kifi don wannan kifin, wanda ya haifar da zubar da hamada. Yanzu tsire-tsire ya zama da wuya a jikin ruwa kuma idan ba a dauki matakan dawo da shi ba, to zai iya, gaba ɗaya, ya daina wanzuwa.

Leonid Pavlovich Sabaneev ya rubuta game da pikes masu nauyin kilogram 60da suka rayu a cikin koguna na Siberiya. A cikin labaran mu na bayan yakin ya rubuta game da kifi mai nauyin 30wannan ya zo a cikin tafkin daji daya na gefen Volga. Kifayen talakawa yanzu ba haya bane. A cikin wuraren rago na Volga, ana samun magogi mai nauyin kilogram 20 a kai a kai. Kuma wannan ma yana daya daga cikin manyan kifayen kogin lake a Rasha. Pike shine mafi yawan lokutan kamun kifi don kamun kifi da kuma masu son sihiri. (bayanin kwatancen)

Duba duk hotuna a cikin hoton

Kayan kifi shine sunan kowa don kifin ruwa mai tsabta na dangin cyprinid. An rarraba su sosai a wurare daban-daban na duniya. Sun fi son ruwa mai natsuwa, mai tsayayyen ruwa ko kuma mai santsi a hankali tare da yumɓu mai laushi da ƙarancin silted. Mai ikon yin girma har zuwa mita 1.2 a tsayi kuma yayi nauyi sama da kilo 100. Suna ciyar da mollusks, crustaceans, tsutsotsi da tsutsa kwari. Cararancin mafi girma da masanin masarautar Ingila ya kama a shekarar 2013 ya auna kilogiram 45.59.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Menene planten yayi kama

Taimen yana da ƙananan duhu-mai siffa duhu akan-kai da kan gefunan jiki. Jajayen saman suna shimfida baya daga gefen gefen idanu. Sikeli val asa ce, mara ƙanana ba tare da tsinkewar radial da zobba sosai ba. Tashin kitse yana da haɓaka.

Tsarin ya banbanta da sauran nau'ikan kifi na salmonid a tsakiya da gabashin Turai ta haɗuwa da haruffan masu zuwa:

• tines suna wakiltar ci gaba mai tsiri a siffar kofaton ƙarfe,
• kananan zagaye duhu duhu akan kai da kuma duhu mai kamannin X ko kuma hasken rana mai kan jiki,
• kai mai tsawo ne kuma ya kafe kai tsaye,
• dogon jaws
• A cikin manya, babban muƙamuƙi ya kai ga gefen haɓakar ido,
• m Silinda jiki,
• yankin caudal, babban abin da ke cike da haske kuma yana da launin shuɗi a cikin manya,
• akwai 9-18 gill slits, yawanci 11-13.

Launi ya bambanta game da yanki, amma yawanci yana da launi mai zaitun-kai a kai, yana juyawa zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda akan wutsiya. Kayan kitse, daskararre, da ƙoshin caudal galibi duhu ja. Abun ciki ya kama daga kusan farin zuwa launin toka mai duhu. Taimen ya zama shine mafi yawan kifin salmon a duniya, yana da nauyi a matsakaici kuma mafi girman girma fiye da kima mafi girma a Arewacin Amurka. Yawancin kifayen da aka kama sun yi nauyi tsakanin 15 zuwa 30 kg. Matsakaicin matsakaici ya kasance daga 70 zuwa 120 cm.

Ba a da tabbacin matsakaicin girman, amma a tsammanin kifayen da aka kama a kan Kogin Kotui a Rasha a cikin 1943 suna da tsawon 210 cm da nauyin kilogram 105, wanda shine girman girman da aka yi rikodin. Matsakaicin matsakaitan mutane yakai daga cm 150 zuwa 180. Fishungiyar Kifi ta Duniya tana da rikodin duniya na 41.95 tare da tsawon cm 156. Don isa ga girman wannan, kifin yana buƙatar girma aƙalla shekaru hamsin.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Kifi na Taimen

Tsire-tsire na Siberian na rayuwa ne a cikin ruwan sabo, akasarinsu cikin koguna da rafuffuka masu sauri. An sani cewa waɗannan kifayen ana samunsu a tsaunin sama da 1500 a cikin koguna na bakin teku kusa da matakin teku. Taimen dogon hanta ne. Yana da dan kadan jinkirin girma jinsin da marigayi ripening. Kifi ya girma zuwa fiye da m 2 kuma zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30.

An kiyasta lokacin ƙarni a kusan shekaru 17 ga alƙaluman da ke fuskantar mutuwar mace kaɗai (i, ba tare da kama kifi ba). Ba za a iya sanin wannan ba, tunda tasirin mahaifar ko girman kwai ba a la'akari da shi yayin da mace tayi girma. Mazaunin wannan nau'in na iya zama yalwatacce, har zuwa kilomita 93.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin bazara, ana kama planten yana zubewa akan baubles, berayen wucin gadi, jig-head; a cikin hunturu, an fi son "mahalka" tare da baubles hunturu. Taimen, kamar duk kifin kifi, yana da nama mai ƙushin ƙashi, mai ƙiba, mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.

Taimen suna kashe rayukansu a cikin koguna masu sauri tare da babban adadin oxygen, kuma suna yawan motsawa sama da gangarawa cikin ruwa. Tashin hankali yakan faru ne a ƙarshen Mayu ko Yuni, gwargwadon yanayin zafin ruwa. Kifi yana motsawa zuwa kololuwa zuwa ƙaramar haraji, inda suke yin ƙwai, sannan su koma manyan koguna.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Babban Taimen

Taimen ya isa lokacin balaga da kimanin shekaru 5-7 yana da girman 60-70 cm da nauyin kilogram 2-3. Mace suna samar da ƙwai 4,000 - 30,000, gwargwadon girman kifin. A cikin Kogin Yenisei, tsalle-tsalle yakan faru ne a watan Mayu da Yuni. A cikin kwarin Kogin Aiguur a arewacin Mongolia, tsalle-tsalle na faruwa a watan Mayu. Kifi ya haɗu a wurare mara zurfi tare da saurin gudana a gindin dutsen, kai tsaye gangara ƙasa na manyan kwari na kogi, galibi a cikin ƙananan rafukan kogin. Yawancin lokaci yin ƙaura zuwa sama don tsalle-tsalle a cikin babban harajin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da cewa wasu majiyoyi sun yarda cewa jinsin na da rayuwa tsawon shekaru 30, wasu sunce planten zai iya rayuwa tsawon rabin karni ko sama da haka. Sakamakon inda suke rayuwa da karancin kifaye a wannan wuri, ba a yi nazarin wannan nau'in halittu da kyau ba, wanda ke bayyana wasu bambance-bambance a cikin “gaskiyar rayuwa”. Kifi mafi yawanci yawanci suke, wanda ke ƙara wahalar lura.

Taimen na iya shawo kan manyan matsalolin yayin da suke yin ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ke fama da rikici. Qwai 5-6 mm a diamita, ƙyanƙyashe bayan kwanaki 28-38. Qwai ya kasance a cikin tsakuwa har sai an fasa kwai na gwaji bayan kwanaki 10-15, matasa sun fara kasancewa a kusa da wurin da ke ɓoye, sannan kuma su matsa ƙasa. Manyan mutane da suka manyanta shekaru 2 zuwa 4 suna zaune a wuri guda kamar manya, amma dabam cikin ƙananan ramuka.

Abokan gaba na planten

Hoto: Sakhalin Taimen

Taimen yana saman jerin abinci, don haka kusan bashi da masu ƙaddara na halitta, musamman ma a cikin manya. Sauran kifayen da suke lalata, da kuma wasu danginsu, suna kama abin da ya shafi matasa. Lokacin da planton yayi tsalle yawo mai nisa, zai iya fada cikin zumar beyar. Inhabitantsan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mazaunan taiga kusan sune manyan maƙiyan kifayen. Koyaya, babban makiyin planten shine mutuminda yake haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar yawan kifaye.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Taimen tana fuskantar barazanar iri daban-daban, da suka hada da gurbata yanayi, gurɓatar yanayi da lalata, ma'adanan ƙasa, ginin dam, ginin hanya, kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kamun kifi da canjin yanayi.

Geungiyar National Geographic Society ta kafa takaddun takamaiman takarda wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'in nau'ikan kungiyoyin haɗari guda biyu daga kifin ruwan da ke cikin duniya. Taimen memba ne na wannan rukunin. Wannan aikin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan musamman waɗanda ke yin rukunin da aka sani da megafish. Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan da suka girma sama da cm 180 ko kilogiram 100 cikin nauyi. Fiye da kashi saba'in na waɗannan nau'in suna kan gab da ƙonewa sakamakon ƙazantar ƙazamar yanayi, rashin ingantaccen albarkatun ƙasa da asarar mazauninsu.

Taimen shine kadai kifi a cikin rukunin, wanda ke cikin saututt na trout ko na kifi, wanda ya zama ya isa ya zama ɗan kungiyar da ake girmamawa. A China, an riga an kama planten a gefen guguwar halaka. A Rasha, an ma sanya nau'in a matsayin "mai matukar hatsari". Tare da yawon shakatawa na kamun kifin hutu, wanda matafiya na Yammacin Turai da masu neman kasada ke haɓaka, yaduwar achingan farauta a planten yana ƙaruwa.

Taimen mai gadi

Hoto: Taimen daga Littafin Lura

Taimen yana cikin Littafin Red na Rasha, haka kuma a cikin Litattafan Red na yankin da yawa na ƙasar, waɗanda ke cikin littafin Red na Khanty-Mansi mai cin gashin kansa na Ugra, Irkutsk Oblast, da dai sauransu Kungiyoyi kamar Asusun Kula da Taimen suna aiki don tsira da ragowar jama'a. An jera jinsunan a cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya kamar masu haɗari. Taimen galibi ana hakar ma'amala ba bisa ka'ida ba saboda dalilai na kasuwanci, kuma low farashinsa da jinkirin girma yana sa ya zama mafi mahimmanci a matsayin kifi na kasuwanci.

IUCN ya ba da shawarar matakan da ke gaba don hana ƙarin asara da tabbatar da kiyayewa da maido da nau'in:

• halittar yankuna masu ruwa da kariya tare da nuna girmamawa kan kiyaye nau'in halittu da rage barazanar,
• A yankuna da barazanar kamun kifi, muna ba da shawarar tsauraran dokoki da isasshen matakan rage haɗarin,
• hakar ma'adinai da hakar yashi da tsakuwa daga gadaje na rafuffuka suna shafar yawan jama'a, saboda haka, an ba da shawarar rage irin wannan ci gaban. Ana buƙatar ƙa'idodi na musamman don taƙaita tasirin waɗannan ayyukan amfani da ƙasa akan mazaunin Siberian,
• bincike kan tarihin rayuwa, sakamakon rarrabuwar kai, matakan ciyarwa mai dorewa da kuma tantance mahimmancin mahalli yana buƙatar ƙarfafa.

Kodayake an yi wasu ƙoƙari na farko don haifar da waɗannan nau'ikan a cikin bauta, yakamata a gudanar da wannan aikin tare da babban kulawa kuma a tare tare da cikakken kimar haɗari da fa'idodi.

Taimen - yana buƙatar yin nazari tare da kimanta shi cikin lambobi. Yayin aiwatar da wannan kidaya, bukatar hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa don adana plantar Siberian ya zama sananne. Raguwar adadin nau'in halittu, haɗe tare da haɓaka sha'awa na cibiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana nuna buƙatar samar da sabbin dabarun don kare tsire. Aya daga cikin matakan ingantacciyar gaba shine haɗuwa da tsire-tsire a cikin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Migratory. Wannan zai inganta bayanin martaba da samar da babban tallafi na kasa da kasa don kiyayewa.