Masana kimiyya suna da ra'ayin haifuwar waɗannan dabbobin daga burbushin halittar dinosaur mai kifi. Akwai tayi 11 a cikin ciki na macen wannan dabbar.

Tsarin jikin ichthyosaur yana nuna cewa ba zai iya zuwa gabar teku ba, saboda haka a bayyane yake cewa wadannan abubuwan sun haifar 'ya'yan kwayayensu. Haihuwar rayuwa tsakanin dabbobi masu rarrafe wuri ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Viviparous kusan dukkanin macijin teku ne na zamani.

KYAUTA

Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa manyan dinosaurs na kare ruwa - plesiosaurs da wasu manyan mafarautan kifayen za su iya cinye kananan icthyosaurs saboda suna dauke da makamai masu kaifi. Iyakar abin da kariya kawai ga ichthyosaurs shine saurin da hangen nesa mai mahimmanci, saboda godiya wanda har yanzu sun lura daga nesa da haɗarin dake gabatowa Ichan wasan ichthyosaur matasa sau da yawa sun zama ganima ga masu kifayen fata da manya daga tsaransu. Ragowar dabbobin da ke cikin ragowar dabbobin da aka samu a cikin ciki na tsofaffin ichthyosaurs sun tabbatar da dakatar da cin naman mutane a tsakanin wadannan dabbobin.

Me kika ci kuma wane salon rayuwa

Kodayake an samo ragowar farko a cikin Rasha (a bankunan Volga), mafi girman yawan waɗannan abubuwan dinosaurs an samo su a Jamus (Holzmaden, ƙaddamar da gudanarwa zuwa Stuttgart).

Dinosaur na ruwa a koyaushe suna rayuwa da farauta a cikin manyan fakitoci, don haka cikin sauki za su iya ba duk wanda ya kawo harin, sannan kuma ya kasance mafi sauki a sami abinci. Ya kasance mai cinye dabbobi, ya ci kifi da dabbobi, ya kawo hari ne kawai ga waɗanda suka dace da su a cikin girman, belemnites ("dangi" na squids) an dauke su babban abinci, adadi mai yawa na ƙasusuwa an samo su a ciki na dinosaurs.

Haihuwar cuba cuban sun faru a cikin ruwa, a lokacin haihuwa, "ƙananan" ichthyosaurs kansu sun riga sun san yadda ake iyo da kyau kuma suna samun abincin kansu.

Cikakken bayanin jikin

Tsarin jikin yana kama da dabbar dolphin, bambanci shine kawai a cikin tsarin vertebra (nau'in kifi, i.e. yayin yin iyo, lanƙwasa ya faru a cikin jirgin sama na kwance, wutsiyar lobe a cikin jirgin sama na tsaye). Sabili da haka, idan kun haɗu da hoto wani wuri inda zavr yayi tsalle daga cikin ruwa, san cewa ba zai iya yin wannan ba (saboda ginin jikin sa). A baya, har ma da wutsiya, ichthyosaurs suna da ƙashin baya. Fatar ba tayi ba, amma don mafi kyawun motsi an shafe ta da man shafawa.

SAURARA

Kakannin ichthyosaurs sun kasance dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, wadanda za'a iya kwatanta su da masu maye na zamani. Wadannan dabbobi a hankali sun saba da rayuwa a cikin ruwa. Yatsun yatsa a ragowar burbushin ba a bayyane. Koyaya, abin da aka samo daga Jamus ya ƙunshi bayyanannun ƙusoshin dorsal da caudal ƙonewa. Godiya ga wannan, ya zama mai yiwuwa a sake tsara bayyanar ichthyosaur. Ichthyosaurus yana da babban triangular kai tare da ja jaws mai tsawo. Jikinsa yana cikin kamannin torpedo, triangular dorsal fin yayi kama da shark, ƙananan katako mai launin sikelin-final finin fin fin karfi ya sami ƙarfi daga yankin na caudal na kashin baya. Wannan ya bawa dabbar damar motsawa cikin ruwa da babban saurin.

BAYANIN BAYANAI. KA SAN CEWA.

• Sunan ichthyosaurus na asalin Girkanci da aka fassara shi yana nufin "mafarauci kifi" ("ichthios" na nufin "kifi").
• A ƙarni na 19, an samo burbushin halittu da yawa a cikin kusa da ƙaramin gari a Somerset, England, har ma an nuna dabbar a jikin rigar birnin.
• Cikakken kasushen wani nau'in ichthyosaur, wanda za'a iya gani a gidajen kayan tarihin Ingila da Jamusanci, suna da alaƙar musamman da ichthyosaurs.
• Ichthyosaurs ya lalace a baya fiye da dinosaur, amma, kafin wannan ya faru, dabbobin sun zauna tare da dogon lokaci tare da dabbobi masu rarrafe.

SIFFOFIN CIKIN ICHTHIOSAUR

Jaws: Ya kasance yana da kama, siffar beak mai-kama, wanda hakan ya rage juriya da ruwa yayin farauta. Suna da layuka biyu na ƙananan hakora waɗanda suke da sauƙin riƙewa har ma da m abubuwa.

Spine: An yi maɓanin murfin mahaifa rauni, ƙarshen wutsiyar kuma an karɓi ƙasa da ƙarfi.

Fin Dorsal: triangular, kamar kifi, ya daidaita matsayin dabbar a ruwa.

Idanu: ringarfin farantin ƙaho ya goyi bayan babban ido. Tare da taimakon hangen nesa, da ichthyosaurus ya gani sosai a ruwa mai laka.

Tail fin: Tasirin wutsiya na ƙarshe ya taimaka masuniyar ta ci gaba. Partan ƙaramin katako mai ƙarfi ya kasance mai ƙarfi da ƙarfafa a cikin ɓangaren kashin baya.

Tsarin Jikin: jikin yana da tsoka kuma yana da kamannin fuskoki.

Alamar fadada: ya juya ya zama juyawa ya yi yawo a ruwa.

- Wuraren da aka samo burbushin halittu

INA DA SA'AD DA ICHTHIOSAURS YAYI

An samo kwarangwal din ichthyosaurs, wadanda suka fi dacewa, ana samunsu ne a cikin duhun duhu na Jurassic a Jamus da Kudancin Ingila, an rufe wadannan wurare cikin ruwa teku shekaru miliyan 200-210 da suka gabata. Sauran binciken sun fito ne daga Alberta da British Columbia a Kanada, da kuma daga Oregon a Amurka.

Ichthyosaurus

Ichthyosaurus - "Mafarauci kifi"
Lokacin rayuwa: Lokacin Jurassic - kimanin miliyan 145 da suka gabata
Squad: Ichthyosaurs
Abubuwa na yau da kullun na ichthyosaurs:
- ya rayu cikin ruwa kuma bai tafi ƙasa ba
- kamannin-kamannin jikin mutum
- haihuwa
Bangarori:
tsawon - 0.4 m
tsayi - 4 m
nauyi - 100 kilogiram.
Abinci mai gina jiki: kifi, mollusks
Gano: 1822, Rasha

Ichitosaurus - gungun dinosaurs sun dace da rayuwa cikin ruwa. Tsarin jikin yana kama da dabbobin ruwa. Mafi girman icthyosaurus da aka bayyana shine shonizaurzaune a lokacin triassic.

Ichthyosaur Shugaban:

Shugaban ichthyosaurus soyayye tare da jiki kamar kifi. A cikin rami na baka akwai hakora da yawa daban-daban.

Anya ichthyosaurus manya manyan sun banbanta a wani tsari mai ban mamaki: fatar ido an kewaye shi da zoben kwandon kasusuwa, a zamanin yau mun sami wani abu mai kama da haka kawai a wasu tsuntsaye na abin farauta da kunkuru. A bayyane yake irin wannan na'urar ido tana da mahimmanci ichthyosaurusjure matsi na ruwa lokacin da aka nutse cikin zurfi.

Tsarin jikin ichthyosaur:

Ichthyosaurs Waɗannan abubuwa masu rarrafe ne masu dacewa da rayuwa a cikin teku, amma a lokaci guda sun kasance dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wuyansu ya ragu sosai, zafin jiki ya tsawanta kuma kusan kusan kai ya haɗu tare da jiki. Yatsun ya juya ya zama yatsun turare, ba yatsu biyar, amma dayawa zuwa goma, yatsunsu da kansu sun kunshi fasula da yawa. Fins ya inganta a baya da wutsiya. Ba a lullube da fata kamar kiba, amma a fili an lullube shi da man shafawa don mafi kyalli a ruwa.
Tsarin jiki ichthyosaurs mai kama da dabbobin zamani. Ba kamar dolphins a cikin tsarin kashin baya ba. Alayyafo ichthyosaurs nau'in kifi kuma lokacin yin iyo, yana sintiri a cikin jirgin sama mai kwance a sama. Dangane da haka, maharbi ruwan wutsiya ichthyosaurs kafa a cikin jirgin sama mai tsaye. A cikin dabbobin ruwa, akasin haka, kashin baya ya fadi a cikin jirgin sama, da kuma wutsiyar lobe - a kwance.
Ichthyosaurs galibi ana nuna tsalle daga cikin ruwa, amma suna yin hukunci da tsarin kashin baya, ba za su iya tsallake wannan ruwan ba. Ichthyosaurs iska mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya riƙe numfashinsu na dogon lokaci.

Farauta da salon rayuwa:

Farauta ichthyosaurs a kan mollusks da kifayen da za a iya ci dangane da girman. Wani bambanci mai mahimmanci ichthyosaurs ya kasance karbuwa don rayuwa haihuwa, kamar yadda ba shi yiwuwa a sa ƙwai cikin ruwa, amma a cikin ƙasa ichthyosaurs bai fita ba. A cewar wasu masana binciken burbushin halittu, ichthyosaurs sun sa kwai, amma ya kasance a cikin mahaifar har lokacin balaga kuma an riga an haifi dabba mai zaman kanta.

Ya Samu:

Ichthyosaurs ya bayyana a zamanin Triassic kuma ya sami babban bambanci a lokacin Jurassic. Inarfafa a ƙarshen Cretaceous, tare da pliosaurs, plesiosaurs, dinosaurs da pterosaurs.

A halin yanzu, an kwatanta nau'ikan sama da 50 daga asusun ajiya na Mesozoic na Ingila, Swabia da Franconia ichthyosaurs. A Rasha, an samo ragowar ragowa a cikin phosphorite (nugget) na Tsarin Cretaceous na lebe Kursk. Cikakken bincike da bayanin mutanen Russia ichthyosaurs da yawa kuma cikakkun bayanai na Kipriyanov, waɗanda suka yi shekaru da yawa suna binciken burbushin halittar, an sadaukar dasu ichthyosaurs.

Dinosaur ichthyosaurus

Dinosaur shine ichthyosaurus, wanda aka fassara shi daga Girkanci azaman mai kamun kifi. Wannan shine wakilin mahaɗan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ya wanzu a cikin duniya na dogon lokaci, a duk zamanin Mesozoic. Wannan nau'in ya bayyana da alama a farkon lokacin Jurassic kuma ya kasance ƙarewa a ƙarshen Maƙarƙashiya. A cikin lokacin, yana da 250 - 90 miliyan shekaru da suka gabata.

Farkon abin da aka gano na wannan dabbar mai kamun kifi an gano shi ne a 1822 a Rasha.

Ichthyosaurus

Bayyanar ichthyosaurs

A cewar masana kimiyya, ichthyosaurs sune zuriyar tsohuwar wakilan ƙasa na dinosaurs, waɗanda sannu a hankali sun dace da rayuwa cikin ruwa. A sakamakon wannan, kamanninsu sun sami canje-canje da yawa. Don haka jiki a hankali ya sami kamannin kamun kifi, sanyin ya ɓoye, kafafu suka zama ja, fatar kuma ta ɓoye murfin kumburinsa, wataƙila an rufe shi da gamsai, wanda ke sauƙaƙe motsi a cikin ruwa.

Shugaban ichthyosaur na da faffad kuma ya kasance saboda canjin jaws. A cikin bakin akwai yawan hakora da yawa da suka girma daga sel kuma suna gaba da juna. Sau da yawa a cikin rayuwa akwai canjin hakora. Ana lura da wani abu makamancin wannan a cikin Whales na zamani.

Mafi yawancin burbushin halittun da aka samo an haɗasu. A bayyane yake waɗannan su ne mace tare da cubasan. Wannan yana nuna cewa waɗannan dinosaur iyaye ne masu kyau.

Idanun ichthyosaurs sun kasance manya-manya kuma suna iya kaiwa cm 20 a diamita. Kariyar su tare da taimakon zobe kasusuwa na nuni da cewa wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna iya farauta da dare.

Amma game da kashin baya, an hada shi da kusan vertebrae 150, wanda yawancinsu (kusan 80) suna cikin sashin wutsiya, kuma hakarkarinsu suna haɗe da sauran, ta haka ne aka ƙirƙiri jikin ichthyosaur, tsawon sa yana daga 1 zuwa 10 ko sama da mita.

Neckaukin yayi gajere, wanda ya haifar da hoto na amincin kai da jiki.

Ichthyosaurs suna wasa a cikin raƙuman ruwa

Amma ga launi, ya kasance daga yanayin "counter-inuwa" - mai duhu saman da wani haske kasa, tare da mai haske tint.

Rayuwar Ichthyosaurus

'Yan Ichthyosaurs mazaunan ruwaye ne na musamman. Sakamakon juyin halitta, ƙafafunsu sun rasa manufar su, yayin da suka zama ƙeƙayi, sun fara aiki a matsayin kayan taimako na motsi cikin ruwa.

Ichthyosaurs sunada kirki kuma suna iya motsawa cikin ruwa a saurisa kuma suna iya canza al'aurarsu saboda wutsiya.

Ichthyosaurus yana da dogon jaws

Rashin yiwuwar shiga ƙasa, kuma, sakamakon haka, kwanciya ƙwai, ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ichthyosaurs sun zama halittu masu haɓaka.

Amma a zahiri, ichthyosaurs ya kasance mafarauta, kuma tushen abincinsu shine kifi da nau'ikan mollusks.

Yawancin binciken da aka samu game da wannan dinosaur a Tsakiyar Turai, a bayyane suke nuna cewa suna da babban kamanni na waje ga sharks da dabbar dolphins, wanda hakan ya sanya masu bincike suyi tunanin cewa salon rayuwar su mai yiwuwa yayi kama sosai.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.