Swan - mutumin da ba kasafai yake jin daɗin kyawun wannan tsuntsuwar ba. Tana da kyau kyakkyawa. Koyaya, tsuntsu mai zafin rai tare da mummunan halin rayuwa yakan ɓoye a bayan kyakkyawar bayyanar halima.
Swans asalin halittar halittar tsuntsaye ne na tsarin Anseriformes na dangin ducks. Gaba ɗaya, asalin halittar ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 7. Suna zaune a kusan duniya. Ciki har da Rasha.
A hanyar gama gari, Swan shine tsarkakakke, mai kare kai, kyakkyawan halitta. Koyaya, a cikin daji, tsuntsun ba koyaushe yayi dace da hoto mai kyau ba. Sau da yawa wannan shine tsuntsu mara rai tare da mara hankali har ma da mummunan hali. Kuma tana iya tsayawa don kanta!
Wutar Shag, ta 1832
Girman girma, ƙarami ne babba. Tsawon jikin daga cm 4 zuwa 15. Tsawan taƙi daga 4 zuwa cm 10. Kunnuwa suna da girma, suna haɓaka sama da matakin gashin kai. An rufe wutsiya da gajeren gashi da wuya elongated setae. Launin launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa-baki, launin toka ko baki. Hannun gaba na gaba ba su da elongated. Nono 3 nau'i-nau'i. Tsarin hakori = 28, mafi yawan lokuta 26. wnanukan hakora ne fari. A cikin kowane rabin kashin sama, 3 (wani lokacin 4) hakora na tsakiya. A tsarin difloma, talakawa yana da kwayoyi 42.
Mazaunan wurare da yawa na filaye: gandun daji, makiyaya, jeji da hamada. Yawancin lokaci ba dare ba rana. Suna ciyar da yawancin abinci a cikin iska, kuma suna kai hari da kwaro da mayuka. Lokacin kiwo shine daga Maris zuwa Oktoba. Cutar ciki shine kimanin kwanaki 28. Kowace shekara, mace tana kawo magudanan ruwa da yawa. Yawan saya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi yana daga 3 zuwa 7 (wani lokacin daga 1 zuwa 10). A cikin ƙarami, gashi gaba ɗaya yana rufe jiki a rana ta 16. Idanun sun buɗe a rana ta 13. Balaga yana faruwa ne a watanni 2-3.
An rarraba shi a Afirka, Kudancin Eura da Tsakiya zuwa Japan, Timor da Ceylon a gabas da kudu.
Tsarin shras yana da matukar rauni kuma yana buƙatar sake dubawa. An danganta da ayyukan Ellerman da Morrison-Scott (1966), Stroganov (1957), Gromov et al. (1963), Bobrinsky et al. (1965), Ellerman, Morrison-Scott da Heiman (1953), Game de Balzac (1956a, 19566, 1957, 1958, 1968), Game de Balzac da Ellen (1958),Lori da Hill (Laurie da Hill, 1954), Chaysen (Chasen, 1940), Taylor (Taylor, 1934) da kuma wasu, ana iya rarrabe nau'ikan nau'ikan shukoki 148.
Tsarin halittar dan adam - Crocidura
An rufe wutsiya ko da Jawo, daga abin da daban gashin kansa ke haifar dashi. Hakora farare ne, kunnuwa suna fitowa gabaɗaya daga fur. Canza launi cikakke ne.
Idan aka kwatanta shi da shrews, shru sun fi dabbobi son dabbobi. Mazaunan ƙawancen, gandun daji, da hamada.
Propagate a cikin shimfidar wurare na ciyawa, wanda aka shirya a cikin burrows na rodents, a ƙarƙashin duwatsun. Cutar ciki shine kimanin kwanaki 28. Za a iya samun broods da yawa a cikin shekara guda, yawanci daga sanduna 3-7. Manyayen da suka girma sun bi uwa tsawon lokaci, suna kafa “vanyari” wanda kowace dabba tana riƙe haƙoranta a gindin wutsiya a gaba.
A cikin Russia, akwai da wuya a rarrabe nau'ikan guda biyar: ƙaramar ma'anar (Crocidura suaveolens), farin-ƙaraira (Crocidura leucodon), Siberian shuki (Crocidura sibirica), babban shigan (Crocidura lasiura), da kuma shudiyar mashin (Crocidura gueldensted).
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Sunan Latin da sunan 'yan asalin ya fito ne daga kalmar ma'ana "raɗa, twitter, kuzu." Wannan yana nufin sautukan da dabbobi keyi yayin haɗuwa da juna. An ba da sunan Rasha game da asalin halittar don launin launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa na saman hakora.
Rarrabe nau'ikan tsarin haƙori, wanda yake da wahalar zama mutum. Tsarin tsari ba shi da kyau, a yau akwai rarrabuwa daban-daban, a cewar daya daga cikinsu akwai rukunoni uku.
Bidiyo: Mayarwa
Amma bisa ga wani - huɗu:
- nau'in asalin da ba a san shi ba, ciki har da ɗan ƙaramin gari (Sorex minutissimus) - haƙiƙa, ƙanƙan dabbobi masu shayarwa a Rasha kuma na biyu a duniya, ƙasa da wanda yake mai hankali ne kawai (polydent) daga wannan masaniya,
- subgenus Sorex, wanda shine sananne baki daya, shine hanya (Sorex araneus) - shine wakili na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun na wakilin halittar dabbobi da kuma dabba mafi girma a arewacin Turai,
- subgenus Ognevia tare da kawai, amma mafi girman wakili - babbar ƙwararren masarufi (Sorex mirabilis),
- samfurin Otisorex ya hada da yawancin jinsunan Arewacin Amurka da kuma ƙaramin dabbobi masu shayarwa na gida - Amurka mai ban sha'awa (Sorex hoyi).
Burbushin ya kasance rana daga Babban Eocene - lokacin da umarni na dabbobi masu zamani suka bayyana.
Amsa
Smallestan ƙaramin dabba dabba ce mai ban sha'awa, dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bai wuce maki huɗu na goma na goma na santimita ba kwatankwacin wutsiya, wanda zai iya kaiwa zuwa tsinkayen maki uku daga biyar na santimita, kuma yana ɗaukar maki guda bakwai na goma na gram. Dabba yana lalata kwari masu cutarwa. Yana cin abinci sau uku zuwa huɗu fiye da nauyinsa kowace rana. (ƙarshen bai fahimta ba, amma ..) 70- saba'in
Bastard mara rai
Yawancin lokaci ana kiran Swans "tsuntsu na sarauta." Kuma "dodo" mai ban sha'awa yana da cikakken tabbacin wannan babban taken. Siwan, kamar jirgin ruwan mai girma, yana iyo cikin raƙuman ruwa. Kuma idan wani ya yi ƙoƙarin yin shakkar girmansa, to, nan da nan zai iya fahimtar ƙarfin beak mai ƙarfi da fikafikan ƙarfi. Sarkin tsuntsu sau da yawa yakan dauke ducks, geese da sauran ruwa mai ruwa.
Af, wanda ya zama dole don magance tsuntsaye mara kyau. Swan babban tsuntsu ne. Misali, fikafikan bewan bebi ya kai mita 2.5, kuma nauyin kowane mutum ya kai kilo 20 ko fiye!
Wani lokacin kajin na waterfowl suna wahala daga yanayin rashin kulawa. Akwai maganganu sama da ɗaya da aka sani lokacin da sarki tsuntsu ya kai hari ga dabbobin ducks da geese.
Ducks, wanda, saboda girman girman su, ba su da ikon tsayar da mai girman kai, musamman samun sa. Dangane da labarin mafarauta, wani lokacin swans yana lalata duk bishiyoyin dutsen da ke kusa da tafki.
The Swan tsananin halayyar ba kawai a cikin tafki, amma kuma a bakin. Roban fashin da ke kwance ya fatattaki garken sauran tsuntsaye ba tare da jinkiri ba. Ko da yawan adadin abokan adawar ba su dame shi ba.
A bayyane yake abin da wannan hali yake da alaƙa da shi. Mafi m, abu shine girman tafki. A babban tafki, mahaɗar Siwi tare da wasu ruwan sha ba tare da wata matsala ba. Amma ya dauki kandami garin ko karamar tafki yayi karancin raba shi da sauran tsuntsayen.
Swan ba aboki bane ga mutum
Babu wanda ya gaya wa Swan cewa mutum shine kambin yanayi. Saboda haka, tsuntsu dangane da Homo sapiens sau da yawa yakan nuna rashin tausayi, girman kai da rashin mutunci. Tana kai hare-hare kan 'yan wasan ninkaya, da kai hari kan masunta da masu hutu a bakin teku.
Toara zuwa wannan sauran kwatankwacin gwarzonmu: hare-haren kaka a kan filayen noma, forays a cikin lambu na mazauna bazara da kuma rairayin bakin teku masu, wanda ya yalwata sosai tare da shakatarwar.
Ba ta son dabbobi da tarko mutane: :an karnuka da ruwan sha na gida. Musamman ma ga karnuka. A cikinsu, alamu suna ganin barazanar kai tsaye ga zuriyarsu.
Koyaya, bai isa a ɗora mawar ba cikin halin maimaitawa ga mutane ba. Da farko, ilhami. Abu na biyu kuma, duba menene mutane suka juya gaɓar tekuna da koguna! Idan kai tsuntsuye ne, za ka ma sa tsunkule cikin zafin rai kuma ka doke aladu da fikafikai :)
Kyakkyawa dole ne ya kasance tare da dunkule
A cikin tatsuniyar Tsar Saltan, gimbiya swan da ba ta da kariya ga kusan ta zama tarko ga farauta. Koyaya, a cikin daji, dabbar zata ba laifi. Wannan tsuntsu mai karfi ne mai zafin rai wanda zai iya kusan kusan duk wani magabci!
Tare da yajin buge, swan na iya stun da fox ko ma matashin kyarkeci. Kuma galibi shi kanshi yakan kaiwa masu hari hari. Tsuntsayen da ke cikin ganima basu da wata dama game da macijin girma. Banda manyan nau'ikan gaggafa da gaggafa masu zinari.
Mafi yawa swans da matasa suna fadawa ga mafarauta. Swans suna da haɗari musamman. Wasu lokuta ba wai kawai tsuntsaye masu cin nama da dabbobi masu shayarwa za su sake dawo da su ba, har ma manyan kifin ruwa na ruwa kamar pike da catfish.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Photo: Menene ma'anar hankali?
Dabbobin da aka fara kallo suna kama da beraye, amma suna cikin tsari daban - kwari. Tsarin jikin mutum akan bincike ya kusa bambanta da linzamin kwamfuta. Da farko dai, wani babban kai tare da mucks wanda aka shimfiɗa shi zuwa cikin proboscis mai sassauƙa ya baci. Dabba tana motsa su koyaushe, suruci da kuma neman ganima. Kunnuwa suna kanana, da kankari daga Jawo. Idanun suna microscopic, gaba daya basu da amfani.
Idan muka dauke su madubi na rai, to, jahilci bashi da wani rai - duk tunanin dabba kawai game da abinci ne na yau da kullun. Amma irin waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin ba za su iya zama dabam ba; sun yi asara mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da manyan; ana buƙatar koyaushe mai kuzari da kuzari na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa wanda yake tafiya da ƙima. “Lessarancin nauyi - ƙarin abinci” ƙa'ida ce ga duk mai jin daɗin jini. Babiesa babiesan jarirai suna da hakora 32, kamar yadda yake a cikin mutane, amma abubuwan ɓatancin, musamman ƙananan, suna da tsawo. Madara da madara ana maye gurbinsu da na dindindin ko da a amfrayo, domin a haife dabba an riga an shirya ta da dukkan hakora.
Tsawon jikin mutum (ba tare da wutsiya ba) a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban na iya zama daga 4 cm a cikin karamar shudiya, har zuwa 10 cm a cikin babban gizagizan, nauyin daga 1.2 - 4 g zuwa 14 g, bi da bi. Matsakaicin matsakaici, alal misali, a cikin talakawa shine 6-9 cm, tare da wutsiyar ta 3-5 cm. An rufe jikin da matacciyar karammiski mai kauri a tsaye, don haka ba za a iya yiwa matattara ta “a kan mayafin ba”. Launin Jawo a saman babba yana da launin shuɗi, mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi kuma yana rufe dabbar da kyau a cikin ƙasa, a ƙasan ƙananan jikin yana da launin toka.
Wutsiya na iya zama gajere ko kusan daidai yake da jiki, an rufe shi da gashin gashi. A bangarorin kuma a gindin wutsiya, yawanci akwai glandan da suke lullube sirrin mugu mai amo wanda ke kare mai hankali daga masu dabbobin. Matan suna da nono 6 zuwa 10. A cikin maza, gwaje-gwajen suna cikin jikin, kuma sashin hadin gwiwar zai iya kaiwa kashi 2/3 na tsayin jikin mutum.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: kwanyar shudin tana kama da alwati mai sauƙin elongated - yana da yanki na haɓaka mai faɗaɗa da yawa kuma yana kunkuntar hanci, wanda ya sa jijiyoyi su yi kama da hancin. Ta hanyar hunturu, kwanyar take raguwa, tana rage karfin kwakwalwa, a lokacin rani yana ƙaruwa (wanda ake kira "Tasirin Danel"). Kwakwalwa shine 10% na nauyin dabba baki ɗaya kuma wannan jigon ya fi girman mutum ko, dabbar dolphin. A bayyane yake cewa, buƙatar kullun don magance matsalolin abinci yana taimakawa ci gaban kwakwalwa.
Ina mutuniyar take zaune?
HOTO: Jirgin ruwa a Rasha
Yankin yanayin halittar ya shafi mafi yawan yankuna da yankuna na yankuna na arewacin hemisphere. A cikin ƙarin yankuna na kudu, kamar Amurka ta Tsakiya ko Asiya ta Tsakiya, ana samun shinge a cikin tsaunuka.
Wani wakili na yau da kullun - ɗan hanya ne na yau da kullun da ya fi dacewa da dacewa da rayuwa don daidaitawa ta fannoni daban-daban na al'adu daga tundra ta arewa zuwa tuddai, inda ta zaɓi kogunan ruwa da ciyayi masu tsayi don sasantawa. Dabbobi ba sa son buɗe wurare, ba za su iya tsayawa da hasken rana kai tsaye ba - wuraren da suka fi so a koyaushe inuwa ce da ruwa. A cikin hunturu suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin wani dusar ƙanƙara, kusan ba tare da zuwa farfajiya ba.
A tsakiyar Rasha, ana samun shinge na yau da kullun a cikin gandun daji da wuraren shakatawa, musamman mawuyacin hali, tare da ƙasa mai zurfi da kuma lokacin farin ciki na zuriyar dabbobi. Suna zaune a bakin reshe na ramuka a cikin ciyawar daji na tekun, kusa da marshes. Amma kuma suna yawan yin girke-girke a cikin gidajen bazara, wanda kuliyoyi suka tabbatar, yana kawo su kamar ganima. Musamman na jan hankalin su zuwa gidajen mutane a ranar tsararre na hunturu, lokacinda zasu iya hawa kan gidaje.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: smallestan mafi ƙanana suna rayuwa a cikin tundra da tsaunuka, suna jure yanayin sanyi mai zafi na tsakiyar Siberiya, kodayake, da alama, yakamata su himmatu a wurare masu ɗumi. Haka kuma, karatuttukan da ke tattare da ashur na Amurka (Sorex cinereus) ya nuna cewa girman jikin dabbobin yayi karami a arewacin da suke zaune. Wannan ya sabawa sananniyar mulkin Bergman, wanda gwargwadon girman girman mutane a cikin wurare masu sanyi na kewayon ya kamata ya karu.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo ɗan jirgin. Bari mu ga abin da wannan dabbobin ke ci.
Me mai hankali yake ci?
Hoto: Shide daga cikin Littafin Lutu
Lokacin neman abinci, shush yana jagorantar da ingantaccen ƙanshin ƙanshi da jin ji, wasu nau'in suna amfani da yanayin echolocation. Abincin dabbobi, a matsayin mafi yawan adadin kuzari, shine tushen abincin. Maƙabin yana cin duk abin da zai iya kamawa ya cije shi da haƙoransa na kaifi - needles.
- kowane kwari a kowane matakai na ci gaba, coleoptera, diflotoci da lepidopterans, kuma mafi larvae suna ci,
- gizo-gizo
- dunƙun ƙasa
- mollusks, gami da tarkoki, wanda ke warware bashin tsutsotsi,
- sauran invertebrates, misali, kivsyaki, wanda ƙwararren masaniya ke ci,
- rodin linzamin kwamfuta,
- kananan amphibians,
- Jirgin ruwa, kamar tsuntsu ko linzamin kwamfuta,
- a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, ya kasance yana aikata mugunta, yana cin abinci har da yaransa,
- a cikin hunturu, yana cin abinci na shuka, musamman tsaba, wanda zai iya zuwa rabin abincin,
- Yana cin namomin kaza da mayka.
A cikin neman abinci, sai ya sanya marassa kannun wurare a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Adadin abincin da ake ci kowace rana sau 2-4 ne fiye da nauyin dabbar da kanta.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Masarautan gama gari
Maƙwabta mafi kusancinmu a duniyar dabi'a, masamman talaka, an yi nazari sosai. A kan misalanta, za mu bincika yadda waɗannan dabbobin ke rayuwa da abin da suke yi. Mai shukar yana da tarko da tsufa. Duk da rauni na ƙafa, ta yi farin ciki ta waka da ciyawa da kuma zuriyar dabbobi da ke kwance, ta yi lamo a gabobin da ya faɗi da katako, na iya hawa bishiyoyi, iyo iyo. Ba ta tona rami ba, amma tana amfani da wasu hanyoyin wasu na ƙasa, ba ta da sha'awar ra'ayin maigidan. Amfani da ciki shine ya haifar da buƙatun ciki kuma mutuwa daga yunƙuri shine mafi gaskiyar gaske gareshi fiye da hakoran mai farauta. Ba tare da abinci ba, sai ta mutu bayan 7 - 9 hours, da ƙananan nau'in - bayan 5.
Fiye da rabin lokacin, 66.5%, dabba ciyarwa a cikin motsi da ci gaba da neman edible. Bayan ya ci abinci, sai ya yi bacci, kuma bayan ya yi barci sai ya tafi neman abinci kuma irin wannan hawan cikin rana na iya zama daga 9 zuwa 15, ƙaramin jinkiri a cikin wannan sake zagayen zai jefa masa rayuwarsa. Yayin binciken, yana tafiya har zuwa kilomita 2.5 a rana. Lokacin da yankewa, abinci yana motsawa zuwa wasu wurare.
A cikin kaka, kuma musamman a cikin hunturu, shrew yana rage aiki, amma ba ya ɓarkewa. Jariri kawai ba zai iya tara isasshen ajiyar ba don lokacin hunturu kuma an tilasta shi juyawa ko da cikin daskararru. Abin mamaki, ita gabaɗaya tana tsira har zuwa lokacin bazara. Shedding yana faruwa a watan Afrilu - Mayu kuma a watan Satumba - Oktoba, kamar yadda yake a cikin duk mazaunan wuraren da yanayin yanayi. A cikin hunturu, fatar jiki ta zama mara nauyi. Za'a iya bayyana sautuna azaman ɓoye, tatsuniyoyi ko karkatacciyar ma'ana. Suna wallafa galibi a taro da yaƙe yana biye da shi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: tinyan karamin gari yana cin abinci sau 120 a kowace rana a minti 10 zuwa 50. Haka kuma, tana zaune a cikin yankin sanyi na Eurasia fiye da na yau da kullun.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Maza matasa
Shawannin ba sa zaune tare kuma a yayin taron suna tsokanar juna, suna kai wa juna hari da kuka kuma suna fitar da ƙanshin sa hannu. Namiji da mace sun hada kai na wani dan karamin lokaci don ma'aurata, wanda a cikin talakawa ke iya faruwa sau 3 ko 4 daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.
Bayan taron, mace ta sami tsohuwar kututture, ƙwanƙwasa, ganga, rami mara wofi ko tarin itacen katako, kuma tana yin ɗan itacen ciyawa, ƙwaƙwalwa ko ganye. Gefen yana zagaye tare da rami na 8-10 cm a diamita. Bayan kimanin makonni uku, mace ta haihu (3) 6 - 8 (11). Yawan nauyin cub ya kusan gg 0.5, tsayinsa bai wuce 2 cm ba, bai gani ba, an hana shi gashi har da proboscis. Amma bayan kwanaki 22 - 25, sabuwar tsara ta kasance cikakke don rayuwa mai zaman kanta, kuma mace tana shirye don sabon haihuwa.
Matasa sun zama masu yin jima'i a shekara mai zuwa, kodayake farkon zuriyar dabbobi na iya fara haihuwa cikin watanni uku ko hudu.Tashin hankali ya zama karɓuwa ga - dabbobi masu girman kai ba su wuce shekaru 2 ba. Wanne ne halayyar duk wakilan halittar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan gida yana cikin haɗari, mahaifiyar da ƙananan 'yan maruƙa na wasu nau'ikan (shush na kowa, ashen) suna haifar da abin da ake kira "caravans" - ɗan farko ya kama mahaifiya a gindin wutsiya, sauran kuma suna manne da juna ta hanya guda. Don haka suke motsawa don neman mafaka. Akwai wani ra'ayin da suke yin nazarin yanayin, suna kira "balaguron balaguro cikin yanayi."
Abokan gaba na makiyaya
Hoto: Grey Shrew
Kowane mutum yana da abokan gaba, har da irin waɗannan yara masu fushi da ƙamshi. Wasu kawai suna kashe su, yayin da wasu za su iya cin abinci idan ba su da ƙanshin wari.
- dabbobi masu cin naman dabbobi, gami da kuliyoyi na gida, wanda yawanci yakan kange ganima ba tare da cin abinci ba,
- Mujiyoyi masu cinye su, duk da kamshin,
- shaho da sauran magabatan gari,
- storks
- macizai da sauran macizai,
- kiftawar kamun kifi
- masu shishshigi da kansu suna da haɗari ga juna,
- Kwayoyin cuta (helminths, fleas da sauransu) cutarwa ne ga lafiya.
Shrews yawanci suna zaune tare da mutane, kodayake suna iya faɗuwa ƙarƙashin rarraba kai harin ta'addanci akan bera da beraye. Ko ta yaya, mutane suna cutar da mafi girma cutar kai tsaye - ta hanyar canza mazaunin ta hanyar lalatattar daji da haɓaka birane, ta amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da kake nazarin daya daga cikin al'ummomin gama gari a cikin crumbs, an samo nau'ikan helminths 15 mallakar zagaye da tsutsotsi. Individualaya daga cikin mutane sun ƙunshi tsutsotsi 497 daban-daban. Ga misali misalin jituwa cikin yanayi!
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Photo: Menene ma'anar hankali?
Girman yawan nau'ikan halittu sun bambanta sosai. Mafi yawan jinsunan Eurasia - talakawa na iya samun adadin 200 - 600 samfurori a kowace kadada. Idan aka sami wadataccen abinci da wuraren ɓoyewa don mafaka, da yawan jama'a da yawa. Irin waɗannan lamuran Eurasiyya na shukoki kaɗan, ƙarami, hakora daidai suke da sauran su. Manya da wuraren zama da ke da yawan jama'a da ke rufe tundra da gandun daji sune halayyar jinsin Amurkawa da yawa.
Wasu nau'ikan sun fi zama a cikin yankin, kamar Caucasian shrew, suna zaune dazuzzuka na Caucasus da Transcaucasia ko Kamchatka daga Kamchatka da bakin Tekun Okhotsk. Amma da ɗanɗano, ƙarami kuma aka same shi a ƙaramin yanki, ba su da yawa. Countriesasashe daban-daban suna da abubuwan agajinsu.
- an ba da kariya ga ɗan karamin abu (S. minutissimus) a cikin yankunan Moscow, Ryazan, Tver, Kaluga,
- amintaccen mai hankali (S. unguiculatus) da mai kaifin bakin ido (Sorex gracillimus) suna cikin littafi na Red na yankin Amur,
- shida Radde (S. raddei) a cikin CC na yawancin jamhuriyoyin Arewacin Caucasian,
- Sharamin masarauta (S. minutus) - Rashin kuɗi na Crimean. Dangane da haka, an kuma jera shi cikin Red Book na Moscow a matsayin mai nuna alamun gandun daji wanda ya kasance cikin yanayin. Kodayake a gaba ɗaya babu abin da ke barazanar tunani,
- an ba da kariya ga ma'anar kwatankwacin (S. isodon) a cikin yankin Moscow da Karelia. Yankin ya rufe yankin dajin Eurasia daga Scandinavia zuwa tekun Pacific.
Kariyar kariya
Hoto: Shide daga cikin Littafin Lutu
A cikin Littafin Red na Rasha akwai nau'in guda ɗaya kawai: ƙwararren masarufi. Lallai, wakili mafi girma na kwayoyin. Kashi na 3 shine nau'in halitta mai saurin girma tare da ƙarancin wadataccen yanki da iyaka. A cewar IUCN, ya fada cikin rukunin ƙananan haɗari. Mahalli na gandun daji mai fa'ida da gauraye na Southern Primorye, ana samun su ne a wurare uku kawai: a cikin wuraren shakatawa na Lazovsky da Kedrovaya Pad, har ma da Kogin. Hanka.
Kungiyar IUCN International Red Book ta bada jerin sunayen:
- babban-yatsan shude (S. macrodon) nau'in cuta ne mai rauni wanda ke da raguwa. An san wurare da yawa a cikin duwatsun na Mexico a cikin gandun daji a tsaunuka daga 1,200 zuwa 2,600 m. Yana faruwa a wani yanki na 6,400 km², an kiyasta kewayon 33627 km²,
- Dutsen Carmen yayi shuru (S. milleri) - nau'in m. An samo shi a cikin gandun daji na Mexico a tsawan mita 2,400-3,700. An kiyasta kewayon 11,703 km²,
- Pribylovskaya shrew (S. pribilofensis) wani nau'in haɗari ne da ke haɗari da aka samu a cikin ciyadukan teku a kan ɗayan tsibirin Pribylov (Amurka) a cikin Tekun Bering. Yankin tsibirin shine 90 km². Yawan nau'in 10000 - 19000 guda,
- Sclateri shrew (S. sclateri) - nau'in da ke cikin haɗari. Akwai wuraren da aka sani na 2-3 a Meziko. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji, yankin da aka rage shi. Ba a san komai game da lambobin ba
- San Cristobal shrew (S. stizodon) - nau'in haɗari. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai laushi. Wuri guda an san shi a Meziko, sa'a a yankin da aka kiyaye shi.
Matakan kariya ba na asali bane: adana yankuna marasa tsayayye inda dabbobi zasu iya rayuwa a adadin da ya isa wurin kiwo. Yanayi bai yarda da kawaici ba. Duk wani tsarin halittu na rayuwa yakamata a mamaye shi, kuma har ma da irin wadannan halittun da suka wanzu da karfin ikon mai-jin daɗin samu wuri don kansu. Kada a bar rana, amma a cikin inuwar wasu kwayoyin - babban abinda yake shine shrew zai iya rayuwa.
Sauran abubuwan bayarwa:
Chapel-wanka na St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
Haikali don girmama Kazan Icon na Uwar Allah
Tsohon Cocin Katolika na Ikilisiya da sunan Assamption of the Holy Virgin Mary
Cocin Icon na Uwar Allah "Murnar Duk Wanda Yayi Fadi"
Cocin na Waliyyai na Tsakanin-da-Man-Tsar Konton da Mahaifiyarsa Tsarina Elena
Cocin St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
Babban Zauren Taro na Choral
Cocin na Ceto na Tsammiyar Budurwa
Coci da sunan St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
Pokrovsky convent
Cocin Kariyar Budurwa Mai Girma
Haikali da sunan Yarima Alexander Nevsky
Ikilisiyar ofaukaka na tsattsarka da ba da rai na Ubangiji
Haikali don girmamawa ga Vladimir Icon na Uwar Allah
Biza ranar ruwa (Nun-Latka)
St Nicholas Monas
Cocin na Ceto na Tsammiyar Budurwa
Mafi mashahuri wurare 50 da suka fi girma da daraja a yankin Saratov
Ruwan Ganawar Juyawa
Tushen St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
St. Nicholas Convent
Cocin Katolika na Alexander Nevsky
St John's Convent
Tushen St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
Haikali na Yankin Ruhu Mai Tsarki
Asalin mai tushe na babban shahidi Panteleimon mai warkarwa
Tsarkaka mai tsarki na Mala'ikan Mala'ikan Allah
Coci da sunan Holy Equal-to-the Apostles Grand Duke Vladimir
Coci da sunan St. Mitrofan, Bishop na Voronezh
Dabbobi na yankin Saratov
Ya fi son ya zauna a cikin gandun daji, wurin watsi da ciyayi, filaye da lambuna. Dabba ya fi son wuraren da mutane ke amfani da shi sosai. Ana iya samunsa da nisa daga gandun daji ko gefensa, kan filayen tururi da filaye, shinge gefen titi, lambuna, gonakin da aka watsar, a cikin kwari. Yana aiki da karfi a cikin ƙasa kuma yana ɓoye ɓoyayyu don ƙirƙirar mafakarsa. Wani lokacin tsunduma cikin aikin ginin ƙasa. Ya danganta da lokacin shekara, suna ƙaura zuwa wasu, wuraren da ke da wadataccen abinci.
Idan mai hankali ya ji ƙarancin abinci, to, zai iya zama kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, a ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka, yana ƙaura zuwa gida zuwa hunturu. Wannan karamin shura yana kula sosai da yanayin zafi. Idan shafi na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri -5, to ba zai iya yin rayuwa mai tsawo a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi ba.
Abincin da farko ya hada da kwari da larvae, gizo-gizo, katantanwa, goyo da gwoza. Sakamakon karfin jiki a kowace rana, mai hankali yakamata yaci abinci akalla sau biyu nauyinsa. Saboda haka, neman abinci yana ɗaukar lokacinta duka. Smallan ƙaramin abin da ya rage ya rage.
A cikin hunturu, lokacin da bukatar abinci ya yi yawa sosai, har ma za su iya cin irin nasu. Kada ku ƙi ƙwaya da yawancin namomin kaza da tsaba, musamman daga conifers. Idan an bar farin-cikin farin abin damuwa ba tare da abinci ba, mutuwa ba makawa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i.
Dabbobin suna yin rayuwa irin ta ƙasa, suna ci gaba da aiki duk shekara. Sun fi son yin tafiya da maraice da dare. Lokaci na hutawa da farkawa ana maye gurbinsu sau da yawa, tsaka-tsakin da ke tsakanin su shine 2 zuwa 3 hours.
Suna zaune a cikin ramuka, cikin rami na kututture ko bishiyoyi da suka faɗi, a ƙarƙashin itacen katako, har ma a cikin ginin mutane. Sau da yawa amfani da su don dalilai dalilan burrows da motsa wasu dabbobi.
Ba a san takamaiman lokacin kiwo na wannan dabbar ba; amma da alama ya bambanta tsakanin Afrilu da Satumba. Matar ta ba da gida a inda yake, ko a gandun daji, yakan kawo ƙananan cuba cuban a cikin nauyin 3 zuwa 10. Suna nauyin gram ɗaya kawai. Bayan sati daya ko biyu, dabbobin suna buɗe idanunsu, kuma a kwana arba'in sai su zama masu 'yanci. Lokacin da 'ya'yansu suna tafiya, suna yin layi a cikin wani inyari irin nasu, suna kama haƙoran haƙoransu a wutsiyar fellowan uwan da ke tafiya a gaba. Irin wannan lambar sadarwar yakan wuce har sati huɗu.
A cikin lokaci ɗaya, ƙwararriyar kanti mai tsayi na iya kawo litter 4. Zuciyarta tana kimanin kwanaki 29, da kuma lactation 19 - 20. Balaga ta jima'i tana faruwa ne a cikin watanni 2-3.
Kasancewa da mummunan hali, a cikin yanki ɗaya ba zai iya yin ma'amala ko da tare da danginsa ba. Wani lokaci, ba ma son su raba wurin zaman su, har ma a shiga fada. Da bakinsu a buɗe kuma suka yi tsalle, suna fara cin mutuncinsu. Suna tsalle tsalle kan juna, suna ƙoƙarin kama abokan gaba. Da zaran sun yi nasara, yaƙi na gaske ya fara. Zai ƙare kawai lokacin da ɗayan abokan hamayyar suka kasance cikin cikakken rushewa.
Kasancewa da warin da ba shi da daɗi, farin-birki mai ban tsoro ba shi da kyau a cikin ingancin abinci ga yawancin masu cin abincin. Amma har yanzu wannan airar ba matsala bace ga mujiyoyi, barkatai da kuma weasels.
Gabaɗaya, waɗannan dabbobin suna kawo taimako mai mahimmanci ga aikin gona. Suna lalata kwari masu cutarwa a wuraren da sauran ƙananan kwari ba su da irin wannan dama.
Idan dabba ba ta cikin haɗari, zai rayu har zuwa watanni 16.