Ko da shekaru 30 da suka gabata, wakilin masunta a ko da yaushe ya kasance a cikin kamun kifin kumbura zango. Yawan kifaye sun bazu cikin kwandunan tekun Azov, Black da Caspian. Duk da matakan hana rayuwa na zamani, a cikin yanayin muhalli an kama kifi sosai akai-akai. Zai fi dacewa idan aka sami saurin kamun kafa (sunan na biyu shine daskararren abu) a cikin wuraren ajiya, inda buƙatun kamun kifi Sturgeon ke girma.
Stellate Sturgeon abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin ƙananan kifayen ya bambanta dangane da rafin da ke zaune. A cikin sturgeon na Caspian, abincin ya hada da: mysid, tsutsawar teku - nereis, crustaceans. A Azov, ƙara a cikin jerin mai narkewa mai zafi, wanda ke sanya sturgeon sturgeon yana ciyar da shekarun 3-4 shekaru. Babban kifin katako ya sa cinye gora, naman alade, da sauran wakilan marwan ichthyofauna.
Tsawon lokacin aiki na zartar da zanen wucin gadi
Stellate Sturgeon, wanda kamun kifi a cikin hunturu da damina ba ya ba da sakamakon sakamako, pecks a lokacin bazara da bazara kafin yawu. Don kama tarkon, masunta suna amfani da sanduna na kan ruwa, ƙwanƙwashin ƙasa, suna farawa daga daidaitaccen donka, suna ƙarewa da canjin da ba wasa ba. Ya fi dacewa da ƙuraje: ciyawar ƙasa - creeps, mussel, gurasa, jatan lande, raw da Boiled. Lure sturlate sturgeon koto - a hanya ana dafa gero, oatmeal, makukha, fillet herring. Cannabis tsaba suna kara, sashi mai rai - jinin jini, tsutsotsi.
Lokacin tsalle-tsalle na tsawan hawa
Stellate Sturgeon ya ci gaba da yawo farawa a watan Afrilu kuma ya ƙare a cikin tsararren yanayi a watan Yuni. Spawning yana faruwa a cikin koguna, a cikin yankuna tare da yanayin gudu na 0.5-2 m / s. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, bazara da damina (ƙarshen bazara) ana lura da yanayin ƙawance. Kifin da ya manyanta (yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 4-6 na rayuwa) yana tsallake kowace shekara, yana wucewa tare da shekaru zuwa ga mulkin 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 2. Yayinda zafin jiki na ruwa ya kai digiri 18-20 Celsius, matse Sturgeon, wanda ya mamaye wuraren kiwo, da sauran bangarorin kogunan da ke cike da ruwa, ya fara tattarawa cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Yawan ƙwai a cikin sandar mace itace 60-400 dubu guda ((ananan Volga).
Dogaro da ruwan zafin jiki, haɓakar stewlate stew qwai yana ɗaukar awanni 44-80, bayan haka ƙirar larvae ta zube a cikin teku. Bayan shekaru 4, wasun su zasu koma wuraren shakatawa. Fiye da 40% na sturgeon soyayyen da ke cikin jikin ruwa shine sakamakon aikin kifayen kifaye wanda ke taimaka wa matsananciyar tsayayye don kiyaye yanayin su. An saki matasa a lokacin damuna.
Stellar stew a dafa abinci
Ana kiranta daskararrun tambarin '' sarauta '' a matsayin dunƙule, amma kifin amintaccen abu na faruwa ne a jere tare da saiti cikin yanayin dandano. Hanyar dafa abinci: dafaffen steellate stew, dafa shi a kan gasa, gasashe a kan tofa, tafasasshen kunne. Daga cikin gourmets, balyk daga stellate sturgeon yana cikin buƙata, tare da samfuran wasu Sturgeons. Daskarewa ba a so, ana amfani da kifi wanda aka kamo shi don dafa abinci, ba a rage sau da yawa ba (za a yi wa daskararren tsinke ba sau 2 kawai). Stellate sturgeon caviar ba shi da ƙima ga inganci ga Sturgeon, wanda ba ya shafar kasancewarsa, yana da wuya a sayi caviar.
Matsakaicin matsakaici da samfuran ƙira na stelge stelge sturgeon
Thea'idar da aka amince da ita gabaɗaya don stellate sturgeon shine a sami babban adadin 7-12 kg, tare da tsawon jikinsa na 120-150 cm Manyan samfurori suna girma zuwa kilogiram 80, tare da tsawon kamu 220. Sakamakon dalilai (poaching, ecology), mafi girman tarihi sun kasance a baya. A zamanin yau, kifi mai nauyin 5 kilogiram shine sakamako mai nasara, Wuraren jigilar wucin gadi suna barin damar da za su iya kama kofuna.
Matsayin hukuma wanda aka zartar dashi bisa hukuma ya kasance tsawon santimita 250, yana nauyin kilogram 80 kuma yana da shekaru 27.
Duba menene "Sevryuga" yake a cikin wasu ƙamus ɗin:
Saka Sturgeon -? Yanke tawaye ... Wikipedia
yi wa Sturgeon tsawan - Sturgeon, Stellate Sturgeon Dictionary daga kalmomin Rasha. stellate sturgeon noun, yawan adadin kalmomin: 6 • wuta (7) • saƙar magana ... fassarar kalmomi
Saka Sturgeon - kifi na iyalin Sturgeon. Fassarar kalmomin abinci na dafuwa. 2012 ... Fuskar Culinary
SAURARA STURGEON - Sevryuga, kifi mai ƙaura (dangin Sturgeon). Tsawon tsayi har zuwa 2.2 m, nauyi zuwa 80 kg. Yana zaune a cikin kwandunan Baƙi, Azov da tekun Caspian. Ciyarwa a cikin koguna. Dalilin kamun kifi da kiwo. Lambar ta ragu sakamakon lalacewa ta ruwa ... ... Encyclopedia na zamani
SAURARA STURGEON - Kifi mai ƙaura daga dangin Sturgeon. Tsawon tsayi har zuwa 2.2 m, nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 80. A cikin kwandunan Baƙi, Azov da tekuna Caspian. Ciyarwa a cikin koguna. Dalilin kamun kifi da kiwo. An rage adadin a sakamakon tsari na gudanawar kogin (manyan waɗanda ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
SAURARA STURGEON - Sevryuga, mai saurin suttura, matansu. Kifi daga dangi. tsattsage. Shaamus na Bayanin Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Bayanin Bayani na Ushakov
SAURARA STURGEON - Sevryuga, da, mata. Babban kifin kasuwanci tsattsage. | raguwa yi wa sturgeon, da mata. | adj. sturge sturgeon, hey, hey. Bayanin Ma'anar Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Bayanin Bayani na Ozhegov
SAURARA STURGEON - (Acipenser stellatus), kifi mai ƙaura daga tsarar halittar halittar ginin. Don har zuwa 220 cm, nauyi zuwa 80 kg. Snout sosai elongated, flattened. Yankin lebe ya katse. Antennae ba tare da fiɗa ba. Mazaunan hl arr. ga basusan. Caspian, Baki da Azov Teas. Akwai bazara da damuna ... ... Kundin tsararren Halitta
Saka Sturgeon - Stellate Sturgeon, shima yayi birgima, chevrug (Acipenser stellatus Pall.) Kifi daga tsarar halittar dan adam (Acipenser). Ya bambanta da sauran nau'in halittar ɗan adam ta S. wani ɗanɗacin kunguwa mai tsananin nutsuwa. An raba ƙananan leɓun cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar ta hanyar manyan ramuka, eriyar mai santsi ba ... ... Brockhaus da Efron Encyclopedia
SAURARA STURGEON - kifin dangin Sturgeon (duba) ... taƙaitaccen tarihin ilimin gidan
Saka Sturgeon - Sevryuga, kifi mai ƙaura (dangin Sturgeon). Tsawon tsayi har zuwa 2.2 m, nauyi zuwa 80 kg. Yana zaune a cikin kwandunan Baƙi, Azov da tekun Caspian. Ciyarwa a cikin koguna. Dalilin kamun kifi da kiwo. Lambar ta ragu sakamakon zartar da kwararar ruwa ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Duba bayanin
Stellate sturgeon babban kifi ne na Sturgeon tare da matsakaicin nauyin 3 zuwa 10 kuma ya kai tsawon 1 m. An yi rikodin maganganun kama manyan wakilai na jinsin da ke da nauyin kilogiram 150 na nauyi da kuma tsawon mita 2.2.
An kuma lura da daidaitaccen jeri na garkuwa don Sturgeons a cikin Sturgeon sturgeon. Samfuran tsarin tsutsotsi a cikin wannan nau'in shi ne cewa farantin kwanon rufi yana rufe zafi a bangarorin tsakanin layuka.
Bakin, kamar kowane Sturgeons, yana kan bakin. Yana faɗaɗa dan kadan kusa da gills. Lowerarshen leɓen kifin yana da tsako, eriyoyi suna gajeru, ba tare da nusai ba. A farkon farashi na farko akwai jumloli 26.
Fin na baya yana da haskoki 46, furotin na sama har zuwa 29.
Habitat
Yana nufin ma'anar ƙananan kifi waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin Caspian, Azov da Black Teas. Tana shiga manyan kogunan wannan Wuraren: Volga, Urals, Kura, Kuban, da Don. Amma game da Bahar Maliya, wannan tafki yanki ne na ruwa na matsakaita don tsaftataccen tsaunin.
Yana isa wurin da kyar, sannan kuma, da bazata iyo ba daga Kerch Strait. A cikin Dnieper, stellate sturgeon ba a kama shi ba fiye da shekaru 50, kuma a cikin Dniester - kusan 100. Daga cikin duk turbar da ke cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya da koguna mallakar gindinta, zaku iya haɗuwa banda sterlet kuma, a cikin lokuta mafi wuya, beluga.
Akwai wasu nau'in rarrabuwa na kifi ta mazaunai. Don haka, alal misali, mafi girma shine Ural Sevruga, ƙarami kuma shine Kuban (haɓakawa mai nauyi shine 5-10 da kilogiram 6-8, bi da bi).
Kiwo
Lokacin balaga, da kuma girmanta, sun dogara ne da ire-iren wuraren da kifin yake. Idan aka ba su tsawon rayuwar kifin (har zuwa shekaru 30 ko fiye), ana iya faɗaɗa su a kan lokaci. Mass maturation a cikin Ural sturlate Sturgeon na faruwa a cikin shekaru 7-9 a cikin maza da 11-13 a cikin mata. Yawan nau'in Kurin da Kuban sun fi tsayi. Ikon barin zuriya a cikinsu ya bayyana a shekaru 10-13 a cikin maza kuma shekaru 12-15 cikin mata.
Ana aiwatar da hawan kogi ne a cikin koguna a yawan zafin jiki na kimanin -18-20 ° C. Matsakaicin yawan kayan ƙwai yana kimanin dubu 200. Amma tsohuwar kifayen, yawan caviar tana iya shara. Yawan cin nasara ana yin sa ne akan dutse.
Zama saƙaƙƙen caviar mai jingina zuwa farfajiya. Dudun diamitarsa shine 2.5-3 mm. Lokacin haɓaka ya kasance daga sa'o'i 45 zuwa 80, gwargwadon zafin jiki. Yawancin kifayen ana cin su ta wasu kifi. Kamar kowane irin tsauni, larvae mai narkewa a cikin teku, wani karamin sashi daga cikinsu ya kasance cikin ruwa mai dadewa.
Mutun da sawa kulle
Kifi samfuri ne mai mahimmanci tare da nama mai laushi da caviar. Kamar yawancin Sturgeons, yana da aikace-aikacen duniya - kusan ana amfani da dukkanin sassan jikin mutum a cikin nau'ikan samarwa, babu sharar gida daga sturlate sturgeon.
Ana amfani da nama da caviar a dafa abinci, ana amfani da jijiyoyi don yin abubuwan ciye-ciye - screech, ana amfani da guringuntsi don yin manne, ana amfani da mafitsara ruwa don haskaka giya, da sauransu.
Kifi wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba, gurbataccen kogin, da gina madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a. A cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata, mazaunin ya ragu sosai. Kuma idan kafin a sami kifaye a cikin koguna na Siberiya, yanzu adadinsa ya haɗa da Caspian da Azov Teas kawai.
Sakamakon ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam, yaduwar yanayi na halin ƙaƙa mutum a halin yanzu yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin Kogin Ural. A duk sauran yankuna, yawan jamaar ya mamaye ta musamman saboda irin kifayen a gonakin kifi. A cikin 2018, 90% na jigon matasa suna daga asali. A zahiri, kallon yana kan gab da ƙarewa.
Amma, a gefe guda, har yanzu akwai sauran ci gaba a cikin kula da nau'in a cikin shekaru 10-15 da suka gabata. An sarrafa don dakatar da raguwar yawan jama'a, akwai ƙarin gonaki don kiwon kifi a yankuna daban-daban. Ana amfani da dabino guda biyu a rearing: tsoffin yara matasa 1-2 shekara don zama cikin mazauna da manyan mutane don samun ƙwai.
Stellar kama kifi
Ganin yanayin masifa na yawan jama'a, da halin da ake ciki na yanzu, an hana duk wani kamun kifi a cikin mazaunan dabi'a. Tun shekara ta 2000, ba za a iya kama turirin dutsen a cikin Tekun Azov ba, kuma tun 2005 a cikin Caspian. A cikin Baƙi, ba a taɓa ganin wannan nau'in na dogon lokaci ba.
Koyaya, lallai ne ku nemi irin waɗannan wuraren. Gaskiyar ita ce galibin waɗannan ramuka ana ajiye su galibi ne da baho ko tazara, amma idan kuna so, zaku iya samun wurin jifa. A halin yanzu, ana sarrafa samfuran wannan nau'in, alal misali, a cikin irin waɗannan wurare:
- "Mikhailovskaya Sloboda" (Lake Gorodnoye) - ƙauyen wannan sunan a yankin Moscow,
- KPH "Duwatsu Duwatsu", yankin Moscow, gundumar Krasnogorsk, pos. Duwatsu Duwatsu
- Kungiyar BigKarp (Krasnogorsk dam), yankin Moscow, Krasnogorsk,
- Club "Catch", yankin Vladimir., Gundumar Suzdal, tare da. Kamawa.
Tikitin yau da kullun don irin waɗannan wuraren ajiyar kaya daga 1500 r. har zuwa 2500 p. kowane mutum. Yawan kwastomomi yawanci ana sasantawa a cikin gida.
Bidiyo: biri
Sturgeon, wanda Stelge Sturgeon nasa ne, yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin iyalai na kifayen baban, 'yan asalin ƙasa da keɓaɓɓun koguna, tafkuna da rairayin bakin teku na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. An bambanta su da jikinsu na tsawon rai, rashin sikeli da kuma manyan manya-manyan matakan: sturgeons daga 2 zuwa 3 m tsayi ne na kowa, kuma wasu nau'ikan sun girma zuwa 5.5 m. Yawancin Sturgeons sune masu siyar da ƙasa na asali, suna zuwa sama kuma suna ciyar da kogin deltas da yankuna. Kodayake wasu sun kasance cikakke ruwa mai tsabta, kaɗan kalilan ne ke barin teku ta ƙetaren yankunan bakin teku.
Stellate Sturgeon yayi iyo a cikin ruwa mai tsafta, farin ruwa da kuma ruwan teku. Yana ciyar da kifi, kifin kifi, ɓawon burodi da tsutsotsi. Akasari yana zaune ne a cikin kwandunan Baƙi da Caspian Teas da Tekun Azov. Mafi yawan jama'a suna cikin yankin Volga-Caspian. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu na wannan nau'in. Wasu kifin sun ƙare a lokacin hunturu, wasu kuma a bazara.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Menene Sturgeon yayi kama?
Abubuwa na yau da kullun na Sturgeon sune kamar haka:
- Tushen kwarangwal ba kashin baya ba ne, amma shi ne tushen katuwar kasusuwa,
- fin dorsal din yayi nesa da kai,
- larvae ci gaba na dogon lokaci, ciyar a kan abubuwan da ke kunshe a cikin kwai gwaiduwa,
- ray anfin ray - karuwa,
- tare da jiki (a baya, ciki, tarnaƙi) akwai layuka manya manyan fututtukan falle. Tsakanin su, an rufe dabbar da ƙananan tubercles, granules.
Stellate Sturgeon kifi ne na kasuwanci mai mahimmanci. Yana da nau'i biyu - hunturu da bazara. Ya bambanta da duk sauran kifayen dangin Sturgeon a bayyanar. Wani fasalin sanannen sanadi ne na dogon hanci, wanda aka sifanta kamar dagger. Goshin wannan kifin yana fitowa sosai, tabarbarewa da santsi ba su isa bakinsa, ƙananan leɓuniyar suna da haɓaka sosai.
Jikin ɗan tallan da ke jan kafa, kamar hanci, yana da tsawon tsayi, a kowane ɓangaren kuma a bayansa an rufe shi da garkuwa kusa da juna. Jikin wannan kifin yana da launi mai launin ja-ruwan hoda mai haske mai launin shuɗi-baki a baya da gefuna tare da farar fata a ciki.
Stellate Sturgeon shine kifin mai santsi, yana da sauƙi a rarrabe ta wulakancinsa, wanda yake doguwa, mai bakin ciki da madaidaiciya. Yankunan hannu ƙanana ne. Waɗannan fasalulluran sun bambanta saɓon tsararren ɗan adam daga Sturgeon, wanda aka gano a cikin ruwan Finnish a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A baya na stellate sturgeon ne mai duhu launin shuɗi-ko launin ruwan kasa, ciki ya zama kodadde. Psirƙirar gefe tana kodadde. Stellate Sturgeon yana da ƙarancin girma a cikin girman zuwa yawancin Sturgeons. Matsakaicin matsakaicinta shine kimanin kilo 7-10, duk da haka, wasu mutane sun kai tsawon fiye da 2 m da nauyin 80 kg.
Ina ne sturlate sturgeon yake zaune?
Hoto: Sevryuga a Rasha
Stellate Sturgeon yana zaune ne a tekun Caspian, Azov, Black da Aegean, daga inda ya shiga haraji, gami da Danube. Wannan nau'in ba kasafai ake samun sa ba a Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Manyan Danube, kawai wani lokacin kifi na yin ƙaura sama zuwa Komarno, Bratislava, Austria ko ma Jamus. A cikin adadi kaɗan, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin Tekun Aegean da Adriatic, da kuma a cikin Tekun Aral, inda aka gabatar da shi daga Tekun Caspian a 1933.
A lokacin yin hijirar, masu yin saurin sauka sun fada cikin ayyukan kogin Lower Danube, kamar kogunan Prut, Siret, Alt da Zhiul. A tsakiyar Danube, ta yi ƙaura zuwa Kogin Tisu (har zuwa Tokai) har zuwa ƙananan kogin ta, kogin Maros da Körös, har zuwa bakin Kogin Zagyva, ƙasan ƙarshen kogin Drava da Sava da bakin Kogin Morava.
Sakamakon tsari da kuma rufe kogin, yankin na yin sassarfa marassa tushe a cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa na Caspian, Azov da Black Sea sun ragu sosai. Harshen tsallakewa sun ragu sosai, kuma hanyoyin ƙaura da lokacin sun canza. A halin yanzu, yawancin mutane a cikin kogin Danube suna ƙaura kawai zuwa madatsun ƙarfe na Iron Gate.
Stellate Sturgeon mafi yawanci ana samun sa a cikin ƙananan ruwan tekun bahar da kuma ƙananan kwari na koguna. Animalsanan ƙananan dabbobi sune babban tushen abinci ga tsofaffi, kuma plankton yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abinci mai gina jiki a farkon lokacin yanke hukunci.
Yanzu kun san inda matattarar ɗan adam ke zaune. Bari mu gano abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Menene Sturge Sturgeon yake ci?
HOTO: Stellate Sturgeon a teku
Abubuwa bakwai da aka fi amfani da su, sun hada da sturlate sturgeon, ƙura a cikin tabkuna da koguna, yawancin cin abincin crayfish, jatan lande, katantanwa, tsirrai, kwari na cikin ruwa, larvae, tsutsotsi masu kwari da tsutsauran mollusks.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sevryuga ya daina cin abinci da zaran ya fara ƙaura. Bayan tsallakewa, sai ta koma cikin teku da sauri, inda ta sake fara ciyarwa.
Stellate sturgeons sune masu kyakkyawan abincin ƙasa saboda suna da eriya mai hankali a ƙasan fuskokinsu don gano dabbobin ƙasa da dogayen bakinsu da kuma bakin convex don shayarwa.Abun ciki da na jijiyoyin jiki ya zama na musamman saboda ganuwar hancin pyloric suna hauhawar jini a cikin ginin kamar-ciki, hanjin manya suna da aikin jijiyoyin epithelium, kuma hanjinsu na baya yana jujjuya su.
Sturgeons na gida wanda aka samo a cikin tafkuna masu zaman kansu suna buƙatar bitamin, mai, ma'adanai, da ƙaramin furotin na 40% (mafi yawan kifi). Daga cikin bitamin mai-mai narkewa, suna buƙatar bitamin A, D, E, da K. bitamin na ruwa mai narkewa sun hada da B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B6, B5, B3 (niacin), B12, H, C (ascorbic acid) da folic acid.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
HOTO: Kifin kifi
Kodayake stellate sturgeon shine dabarar kula da kifaye saboda itace mai mahimmanci na caviar, akwai mummunar ƙaranci game da ilmin halitta da halayyar wannan nau'in a cikin daji (kewayon gida, tarawa, zalunci, alal misali), da kuma game da fannoni da dama na aikin gona (tsoratarwa, haɓaka yanayin muhalli, damuwa da yanka). Rashin ilimi ba kawai yana rikitar da kimanta yanayin lafiyar ta ba, har ila yau yana rikitar da kusan duk wata fata ta inganta shi.
Daban-daban nau'ikan Sturgeon suna da babban aiki dangane da halin ɗabi'a. Yawancin nau'ikan yaduwar yana faruwa ne yayin da jinsin halitta guda biyu ke da nau'ikan kungiyoyi daban-daban wadanda ke karkacewa a cikin tsarin kogin guda daya, wanda muke kira "ninki biyu" An bayyana kungiyoyin tsalle-tsalle kamar tserewar bazara da kuma waƙoƙin ƙawa.
An baiyana ƙungiyoyin rarrabuwa daban-daban don nau'ikan nau'ikan Sturgeon a duk duniya. Sau biyu yana faruwa a yawancin jinsunan Eurasi na Sturgeon. A cikin Tekun Baƙi da Caspian akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke da ire-iren bazara da na waƙoƙi: beluga, daskararren Rasha, ƙwanƙwasa, sandar dutse, bakararre. Springungiyoyin bazara sun shiga kogin lokacin bazara tare da kusan gonad masu girma da tsalle-tsalle jim kaɗan bayan sun shiga kogin. Heungiyar heme ta shiga kogin a lokaci guda ko kuma nan da nan bayan rukunin bazara, amma tare da oocytes.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Stellar stew daga Red Book
Wannan nau'in ya yi bankwana da bankunan koguna wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta bazama da kuma saman ginin tashar yayin tafiyar ruwa mai sauri. Ana sanya ƙwai a kan gadaje na wasu duwatsun da ke cikin dutse, baƙaƙe da tsakuwa a hade da gwanayen harsashi da yashi. Mafi kyawun yanayi ya haɗa da hauhawar ruwa mai zurfi da kuma tsabtataccen tsakuwa mai zurfi. Rage kuzarin hauhawar ruwa bayan yaduwar ciki da ci gaban kwai na iya haifar da ƙaruwa cikin asarar ciki. A cikin Kogin Danube, tsararren yanayi yana faruwa daga Mayu zuwa Yuni a zazzabi na 17 zuwa 23 ° C. Ba a san yawancin al'adun wannan ɗabi'ar ba.
Bayan ƙyanƙyashewa, zartar da rubabben larvae ba kawai a cikin ƙananan da kuma tsakiyar yadudduka na ruwan kogin ba, har ma a farfajiya. Suna fadada ƙasa, kuma yayin haɓaka mai zuwa, ikon su na motsawa yana ƙaruwa. Rarraba matasa matasa hanyar tashar Danube ta shafi kayan abinci, na yanzu da rikicewar yanayi. Suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasa zurfin 4 zuwa 6. Mitar rayuwa a cikin kogin yana daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, kuma ciyarwa mai ƙarfi yana farawa lokacin da larvae ya kai 18-20 mm.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Stellate Sturgeon na iya kaiwa sama da mita 2 a tsayi kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru 35. Yaranda maza da mata ke buƙata har zuwa shekaru 6 da 10, bi da bi. Mace na iya ɗaukar tsakanin dubu 70,000 zuwa 430,000, gwargwadon girman su.
Kamar sauran tsarurruka, masu saurin shiga jirgi suna shiga Kogin Danube don yin kusan shekara ɗaya, amma akwai lokutan mafi girma guda biyu. Wannan tsari yana farawa a cikin Maris a cikin zafin jiki na ruwa na 8 zuwa 11 ° C, ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfinsa a cikin watan Afrilu kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa Mayu. Na biyu, mafi ƙaura ƙaura yana farawa a watan Agusta kuma zai ci gaba har Oktoba. Wannan nau'in ya fi son wuraren zama na birni sama da na sauran Danube, kuma ire iren sa na faruwa ne yayin yanayin ruwa sama da wanda ya mamaye shi yayin yin wasu nau'in.
Abokan halitta na sawa baƙi
Abokan gaban kafaɗa mutane ne. Rashin balaga (shekaru 6-10) yana sa su zama masu haɗari ga yawan shan abinci. An kiyasta cewa adadin su a cikin manyan kwari ya ragu da kashi 70% a cikin ƙarni na baya. A shekarun 1990, an karu kwatankwacin kamowa saboda abun da ba'a taba kamawa ba. Yin farauta a cikin layin Volga-Caspian kadai ana kiyasta ya ninka sau 10-12 fiye da iyakokin da aka yarda.
Dokar kwararar kogin da ambaliyar ruwa su ne manyan dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar lambobin tsaftar mahalli a karni na 20. A shekarun 1990, an karu kwatankwacin kamowa saboda abun da ba'a taba kamawa ba. A cikin kwari na Volga-Caspian kadai, an kiyasta farautar farauta ta zama sau 10-12 fiye da yadda doka ta kama. Halin ɗaya ake faruwa akan Kogin Amur. Wuce kifayen kamun kifi da kuma kashin kaji sun haifar da raguwa sosai ga yawan kamun da doka ta samu a duniya kuma musamman a cikin babban katako mai tsafta - Tekun Caspian.
Caviar shine kwai Sturgeon wanda ba a amfani dashi ba. Ga gourmets da yawa, caviar, wanda ake kira "lu'u-lu'u baki", abinci ne mai ƙoshin abinci. Manyan nau'ikan kasuwancin guda uku na Sturgeon suna samar da caviar musamman: beluga, sturgeon (Sturgeon na Rasha) da kuma zancen tsinkaye na dutse (Sturgeon star). Launi da girman ƙwai sun dogara da nau'ikan da balaga na qwai.
A yau Iran da Rasha sune manyan dillalai na caviar, kusan kashi 80% wanda nau'ikan tururuwa uku suka kama a cikin Tekun Caspian: Ruhun Rasha (20% na kasuwa), sturlate sturgeon (28%) da kuma Persian sturgeon (29%). Hakanan, matsalolin saurin saurin lalacewa suna faruwa ne ta hanyar gurɓataccen ruwa, madatsar ruwa, lalata da ruguza hanyoyin ruwan ruwa da mazauninsu, wanda ke shafar hanyoyin ƙaura da wuraren ciyarwa da haifuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
HOTO: Kifin kifi
Stellate Sturgeon ya kasance koyaushe kasancewar baƙon mazaunin Tsakiya da Manyan Danube kuma yanzu an gama dashi daga Danube na sama da ɓangaren Harshen Slovak na Middle Danube, tunda mutane kalilan ne ke iya samun damar yin amfani da ƙofofin ƙofofin ƙofofin ofofar Iron. Shafin ƙarshe da aka sani na ƙarshe daga sashen Slovak an ɗauke shi a Komarno a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1926, kuma an yi rajista na ƙarshe na ɓangaren Harshen a Mojac a 1965.
Dangane da littafin Red Book, sturlate sturgeon na cikin hadarin lalata sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa, da lalata, gurbataccen ruwa, ambaliya da lalata lalatattun ruwan ruwa da mazaunai. Koyaya, bisa ga lura da zamani akan Danube, ya kusan ƙarewa. Matsayin yanzu na yawan jama'a wanda ya buge da wahala ta hanyar wuce gona da iri kuma ba a san ainihin ainihin wuraren da ke ɓarnar ba. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don kiyaye lafiyar wannan nau'in.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An gano gawawwakin mutane 55,000 a cikin Tekun Azov a 1990 a sakamakon gurbatar yanayi. Rage 87% na kama kasuwannin duniya yana nuna raguwa a cikin yawan jinsunan.
Tun daga 1930s ba a kama bakin teku ba (tsaren gama gari, tekun Atlantika, Baltic Sturgeon, Turai marur Sturgeon) Mafi yawan jinsunan da za su fada cikin ruwayen Finland sune ke da tsayayyen yanayi. Hakanan suna iya ɓacewa yayin da samfuran samfuran ke mutuwa. Sturgeons suna raye tsawon lokaci, saboda haka wannan aikin na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci.
Kulawa
Hoto: Sevryuga daga cikin Littafin Rubutu
Kusan dukkan nau'in Sturgeon ana rarrabe su da haɗari. Abubuwan da suka fi daraja a cikin nama da ƙwaiye (waɗanda aka fi sani da caviar) sun haifar da haɗuwa da yawa da raguwa ga yawan jama'a. Haɓaka kogin da gurɓataccen gurbi sun kuma taimaka wajen raguwar yawan jama'a. Yankin Turai ruwan teku, da zarar ya zama ruwan dare a Jamus, ya lalace kimanin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Ana tsammanin wannan nau'in zai dawo kogunan Jamus ta hanyar ayyukan sake sarrafawa.
Dabarun duniya don magance lalacewar sturgeons ya bayyana manyan wuraren aikin don kiyaye asirin shekaru 5 masu zuwa.
Dabarun da aka mayar da hankali a kan:
- wuce gona da iri
- sake dawo da yanayin rayuwa
- kiyayewa daga hannun jarirai,
- tallafin sadarwa.
WWF tana cikin ayyukan muhalli a cikin filin a yankuna daban daban da ƙasashe. Actionsayyadaddun ayyukan ƙasar sun haɗa da ayyuka a Austria (bayani a cikin Jamusanci), Bulgaria (Bulgaria), Netherlands (Dutch), Romania (Romanian), Russia da Amur River (Rashanci) da Ukraine (Ukrainian).
Bugu da kari, WWF tana aiki a cikin:
- Kogin Danube tare da wani aiki na musamman don magance yawan amfani da abubuwan kutse cikin Danube,
- Maido da mafi yawan hanyoyin ruwa na St. John River a Kanada.
Saka Sturgeon - Daya daga cikin nau'ikan Sturgeon mai mahimmanci a duniya. Waɗannan ƙwararrun ruwa na ruwa suna fuskantar barazanar da yawa ga rayuwarsu. Duk da rayuwa a doron ƙasa na miliyoyin shekaru, stellate sturgeons a halin yanzu suna cikin haɗari don shayewa da tsangwama ga mazauninsu na asali. Stellate Sturgeon yana cikin haɗari.
Sturgeon mazaunin
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, har ma an samo shi a cikin Siberia da kogunan Turai. A yau ana kama shi a cikin Tekun Caspian, galibi a gabar yamma da yamma. Yana son zurfin zurfin 100 har ma da mita 300, kuma a cikin bazara kawai ya tafi ƙarami sassan yankin ruwan. An samo shi ban da Tekun Caspian a cikin Baƙi da Azov Teas. A lokacin kiwo, yakan shiga koguna kamar Urals, Volga, Kuban, Don, Terek da Kura.
Halayyar
A cikin koguna, o ƙarin tabbatar da ɗayan sassan. Kifi ne mai ƙaura wanda yake shiga koguna sau biyu a shekara, a kaka da kuma bazara, amma kusan ba sa ciyar da ruwa mai ɗaci. Yana zaune a cikin shimfidar ƙasa, don lokacin sanyi yana cikin ramuka. An sami wasu nasarori yayin kiwo cikin jikin ruwa mai tsafta.
Spawning (kiwo)
Yana fara farawa daga baya fiye da sauran nau'in Sturgeon. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, farawa yana farawa a yanayin zafi na ruwa daga digiri 6 zuwa 9, a tsakiyar Afrilu da shekarun farko na Mayu. Maza sun isa balaga ne kawai da shekarun shekaru 7-9, kuma mata - ba su wuce shekaru 11 da haihuwa ba. Amma game da haihuwa, a matsakaita, daga babban kifin Volga, ana iya samun ƙwai na 106 zuwa 470 dubu, a cikin nau'in Don da Ural wannan kewayon zai iya zama da fadi.
A cikin kogin Volga, an shimfida daskarewa na tsawon lokaci daga Mayu zuwa Agusta a zazzabi tsakanin 12 zuwa 26 ° C. Caviar yana share ƙananan, launin toka mai duhu a diamita, ba fiye da 2 mm ba. Yana da ƙanƙantar iodine da ƙarancin aftertaste.
Cutar da cututtukan fata
Ana iya ɗaukar polypodiosis, ko cutar ɓarna na caviar da yawa daga Sturgeons, shine babban matsalar, samun sikelin mahimmancin tattalin arziki. Ana haifar da ta hanyar hanjin ciki wanda ke tashi cikin qwai. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a mataki lokacin da gwaiduwa ta bayyana a cikin kwan.
Kasancewar m inuwa za a iya tantancewa ne ta hanyar binciken ƙwai - waɗanda ke kamuwa da cuta yawanci sun fi girma.
Stellate Sturgeon, kamar sauran Sturgeons, suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban akan sikeli da gills. Gabaɗaya, wannan kifin ba shi da cutar sau da yawa. Idan wannan ya faru, to, mafi yawan lokuta ana cutar da cutar ne ta hanyar fitsari kai tsaye wanda ya shafi jijiyoyin jiki.
Hanyar kamun kifi da kamun kifi
Godiya ga kyawawan halayen na dafuwa, ya kasance kuma ya kasance batun masana'antu da kama mai son. Ana hakar ma'adanai a yankin arewacin Caspian, inda shekaru 40 da suka gabata ana kama akalla tan 10,000 a shekara. Wani keɓaɓɓen abu na samun kudin shiga ya kasance al'ada ce ta fitarwa akan caji a bayyane.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yawan nau'ikan da ke sa maye ya ragu sosai kuma a halin yanzu ma yana ƙarƙashin kariya. A cikin wasanni da nishaɗin kamun kifin daddaɗa na kamun kiftawa tare da gindin ƙasa. A kan sikelin masana'antu, hanyoyin sadarwa, raga.
Stellar salon rayuwa
Stellate Sturgeon kifi ne mai ƙaura. A cikin teku da koguna yakan tashi a kai a kai da daddare zuwa manyan lamuran abinci. Filaye masu tsalle-tsalle a cikin koguna suna ƙarƙashin filayen ɓarna na wasu tsayayyun tsauni. Yin hijirar ƙaura wani lokaci sama da shekara guda. A cikin mafi yawan koguna, ana lura da sau 2: bazara da kaka. Autumn stellate steellate hunturu a cikin ƙananan ya kai daga cikin rami da spawn a cikin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, jigiri Sturgeon, wanda gudanar a cikin bazara, haifuwa a wannan bazara. Tana yaduwar wuraren saukar da ciyayi na gabar ruwa a gabar ruwa ko kuma a tsakiyar kogin a zurfin 9-13 m.
Abokan gaba
Stewed caviar yana jin daɗin jujjuyawar, sa-maraƙi, fararen ido, siginar azurfa, sigar fata, kifin kifi, gwal, da kuma ƙaramin yara, ƙamshi da ƙarfi. Wani wuri na musamman a cikin murƙushe ɓarna na Stelge sturgeon caviar an mamaye shi daga gudgeon (har ƙwai 15 a ciki). Larvae da larvae na sarƙaƙƙun ƙayaran katako an kashe su ta hanyar sabrefish, bluebird, hive da herring. Babban mawuyacin maƙiyin ƙaramin abu shine ƙura a cikin kifi. Manyan venian yara suna cin abinci ta hanyar zander, perch, gobies da cyprinids na ƙasa.
Yin rigima
Ana iya yin kamun kifi ta amfani da sandar kifin, mai ciyarwa ko sanda mai iyo. Game da amfani da kayan ƙasa, ana bada shawarar amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki:
- Tsawon sanda daga 4 zuwa shida 6. A dabi'ance, ainun simintin suke, haka ya kamata. An bada shawara don amfani da sandunnin kamun kifi tare da zoben kwarara na yumbu.
- Kuna iya amfani da murɗa mara wahala, amma, da aka ba da girman samarwa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da mai ninka. Iyawa - aƙalla 150 m.
- Duk Sturgeon - kifi suna da ƙarfi sosai, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da layin kamun kifi tare da kauri daga 0.3-0.4 mm. Zai iya zama ko amarya ko zaren da aka sassaka.
- Jagoranci don magance ƙasa lokacin da za a cire cire kifin das hi a kifi Kayan abu - fluorocarbon daga 0.25 mm lokacin farin ciki. Tsawonsu ya tashi daga 0.5 zuwa 1 m, nisan da ke tsakanin leas ɗin ya kai 0.5 m.
- Tunda yawancin ramuka na wannan nau'in suna tsaye, masu jan kunne ba za su iya da sifofi mai zurfi ba.
- Yana da kyau a yi amfani da motsin kifin katako tare da dogon hannu A'a 3-7.
Kayan aikin mashin kifi na iya zama kamar haka:
- ta dace da kamun kifi da gwajin akalla 30-40 g,
- Spinning ela fora don wasa tare da maƙara na baya da damar akalla 150 m,
- babban kamun kifi - mai ƙarfi, nutsuwa, ƙarancin elongation, mai tsauri ga ɓarnar 0.3 mm lokacin farin ciki,
- taso kan ruwa - wagler mai nauyin 7g + 3g ko 5g + 5g,
- 5-6 inji mai kwakwalwa pellets ana amfani da shi azaman manyan, waɗanda ke 5-10 cm bayan juna, taron su ya dace da gwajin nauyi na taso kan ruwa.
Bait
Yawancin lokaci sturlate sturgeon yakan shiga sashin sunadarai, amma wasu nau'in ƙwayar shuka ma zasu kasance cikin buƙata. Ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan karantu na asalin dabbobi sun hada da:
soya
- kananan guda na pickled herring,
- kyafaffen capelin 7-10 cm tsawo,
- dunƙun ƙasa
- squid, jatan lande,
- naman sa na hanta.
Hanyoyin kayan lambu masu zuwa zasu sami sakamako mai kyau:
- gero shinkafa,
- masara (duka Boiled da gwangwani,
- masara ko alkama garin alkama,
- Peas.
Dabarar kamun kifi
Halin rashin yin sa na kaɗa ƙura a kan hanyar kai tsaye yana da taka tsantsan kuma ba a cika yin sa ba, sabanin saƙo iri ɗaya. Kifayen suna kewaye da koto sau da yawa, suna bincika shi ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa, a hankali ya gwada shi. Duk wannan yana tare da fluan sauka da twan sau biyu na iyo. Masunta koyaushe yana buƙatar yin shiri don yin katako mai kaifi. Ana yinsa da zaran an fara iyo ruwa sosai.
Lokacin kamun kifi a gindin ƙasa, halayen kifin zai zama iri ɗaya ne. Sama a lokacin murkushewa ta hanyar kawo tsayayye don magancewa zai fara rawar jiki kadan, kuma lokacin hura shi zai tanƙwara sosai cikin baka - wannan shine lokacin da ake buƙatar yankan.
Thean mintina na farko bayan an kama kifin, zai zama mafi mahimmanci a wasan. Wajibi ne a yi taka tsantsan kuma kada a bada izinin abubuwa masu saurin motsa jiki. A yunƙurin tashi daga ƙugiya, ƙaƙƙarfan maƙiyi na iya karya layin kamun kifi da leashes. Stellate sturgeon yana da ikon magance matsalar, yana kwantawa zuwa ƙasa, yana ƙoƙarin kunsa shi a kan busasshen itace.
A kowane hali, kada ku yi motsi kwatsam, duk abin da ya kamata a auna kuma a sarari yake.Dukkanin yunƙurin motsa kifin zuwa gefe ko zuwa zurfi ya kamata a dakatar da shi nan da nan, yayin da bai kamata kuyi hakan ba don motsin layin kamun kifi ya saba wa halin kifin, ya kamata a ɗan cire shi daga maƙasudin, sannu a hankali yana jan kyar kuma ya ja shi zuwa gaci.
Yakamata kada ayi sakaci, koda a lokacin da samarwa zata kasance kusa da gaci.
Wannan tsalle tsinkaye ne akan ruwa lokacin da aka birge shi daga ƙasa mai wahala. Irin wannan dabara sau da yawa yakan haifar da asarar samarwa.
Stellate Sturgeon kifi ne na dangin Sturgeon da ke zama a Tekun Azov da Tekun Caspian. Wannan shine babban ɗan farauta, yana ɗaukar matsayi na tsakiya tsakanin sterlet da Sturgeon. Naman sa yana da daɗi kuma a wani ɗan lokaci ya kamun kamun kifi na masana'antu. Abubuwan da ba a sarrafa su ba da keɓaɓɓu na shimfida sassakawa tare da gina ruwa mai zurfi ba su ƙyale shi ya haifar da kullun ba, wanda ya sanya ra'ayi game da ƙarshen lalata. Idan yanayin bai canza ba, nau'in na iya ɓacewa gabaɗaya a cikin daji, saboda a halin yanzu kashi 90% na al areummomin suna girma bisa wucin gadi.
Balaga
Maza sun isa samari lokacin da suke shekaru 9-13, mata - shekaru 11-17. Azov stellate sturgeon ya balaga a baya.
Tsawon rayuwa
Tsage Sturgeon yadawo
Kwandunan Baƙin Baki, Azov da tekun Caspian. Babban ruwan kogunan sune Urals, Volga, da Kuban.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Stellate Sturgeon yafi ciyar da kifi, bangare na mollusks da crustaceans, yara masu shekaru 1-3 suna cin naman sauro. Juveniles, farawa daga girman 5 cm, a cikin Don delta feed yafi akan benthos, babban abincin shi shine chironomids, kumatsei da tubifecids, kuma mafi girma (15 cm) - mysids. A cikin Kuban, babban abincin yana kunshe da oligochaetes, larvaeid chirone da mayflies; a cikin sararin samaniya a cikin teku - oligochaetes, jimre, gammarid. A arewacin Caspian, stellate sturgeon yana ciyar da musamman akan crustaceans da larvaeid chironomid a lokacin rani, kuma a bazara, galibi kifi: tyulka da gobies.
Yayin da ƙananan yara ke girma, yawan abinci mai gina jiki yana ƙaruwa. A cikin farkon watan da yara ke kasancewa a teku, ana ciyar da shi sosai akan amphipods (89% na abinci mai yawa). Abincin abinci na ƙananan yara wanda ya fi 10 cm girma ya ƙunshi mysids (56-70%). A cikin matsanancin matattarar ƙarfi, ana bayyana yawan ciyarwa a kowace rana: a cikin kogin, yana ciyar da abinci sosai cikin dare (awanni 22 zuwa 24), kuma a cikin teku - a lokacin rana (awanni 12-16).
A cikin ruwa mai tsafta, yana ciyar da talauci. Teku yana yin ƙaura saboda abinci.
Stellar salon rayuwa
Stellate Sturgeon kifi ne mai ƙaura. A cikin teku da koguna yakan tashi a kai a kai da daddare zuwa manyan lamuran abinci. Filaye masu tsalle-tsalle a cikin koguna suna ƙarƙashin filayen ɓarna na wasu tsayayyun tsauni. Yin hijirar ƙaura wani lokaci sama da shekara guda. A cikin mafi yawan koguna, ana lura da sau 2: bazara da kaka. Autumn stellate steellate hunturu a cikin ƙananan ya kai daga cikin rami da spawn a cikin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, jigiri Sturgeon, wanda gudanar a cikin bazara, haifuwa a wannan bazara. Tana yaduwar wuraren saukar da ciyayi na gabar ruwa a gabar ruwa ko kuma a tsakiyar kogin a zurfin 9-13 m.
Abokan gaba
Stewed caviar yana jin daɗin jujjuyawar, sa-maraƙi, fararen ido, siginar azurfa, sigar fata, kifin kifi, gwal, da kuma ƙaramin yara, ƙamshi da ƙarfi. Wani wuri na musamman a cikin murƙushe ɓarna na Stelge sturgeon caviar an mamaye shi daga gudgeon (har ƙwai 15 a ciki). Larvae da larvae na sarƙaƙƙun ƙayaran katako an kashe su ta hanyar sabrefish, bluebird, hive da herring. Babban mawuyacin maƙiyin ƙaramin abu shine ƙura a cikin kifi. Manyan venian yara suna cin abinci ta hanyar zander, perch, gobies da cyprinids na ƙasa.
Kiwo
Don ya faru kilomita 200 daga bakin teku. Ana yin Masonry cikin sauri da safe ko a maraice na yamma. Guguwar farkon yanayin bazara ta motsa kogin da sauri - 15-30 km kowace rana, da gujewa abubuwa masu ƙarfi da kuma jurewa zuwa zurfin zurfin. Yayinda lokacin yake gabatowa, mace tayi yawa a tsalle daga cikin ruwa (“kan doke kyandir”), tana bugun ciki da ruwa. Matsar da saman kogin, shigowar bazara na sa a tsaya akai-akai. Matsakaicin lokacin zama a cikin rafi mai gudu mai kwararar ruwa sama da 1 m / s bai wuce awa 3 ba). Ta tsaya ta huta ne musamman da rana a cikin gadaje da gadaje, inda ta tara da adadi mai yawa. A mafi yawan yin iyo a cikin stellate sturgeon bayyana kanta a yamma da dare. Tsawon lokacin jinkirin saukar bazara na shuri a cikin kogi bai wuce watanni 2 ba. Mace na farkon da marigayi spring stellate sturgeon spawn “nan da nan”, da maza suna cikin spawning filaye domin kusan dukan spawning zamani (1.5-2 watanni). A sakamakon haka, a cikin tsakiyar spawning, 6-8 maza a kowace mace, a ƙarshen spawning, jima'i rabo ya kai 1: 12-1: 15. Maza hunturu da farkon bazara sukan tsaurara matakan tsufa a cikin kogin. Tsohon abokin aure tare da mata na hunturu da farkon spring stellate Sturgeon, da maza na farkon spring sturgeon tare da "kabilu" da mace na marigayi spring stellate sawa.
Karkashin kasa Volga filayen shakatawa suna tsakanin Vladimirovka da Dubovka, kuma a cikin kogin rafin. Akhtuba. Wasu daga cikin daskararrun daddawwuna suna zuwa nan cikin ramuka, daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa Yuli, a zurfin 1.5-2 m, yayin da wasu - a cikin 'yan asalin Volga, a kan sanda, a zurfin 9-13 m, daga rabin Yuni zuwa Agusta. Babban adadin maza yakan hau zuwa Volga tun yana da shekaru 10-12, amma tsakanin maza masu gudana akwai shekaru tsakanin 5 zuwa 17. A cikin Volga stellate sturgeon baya tashi kamar na sauran ƙaƙƙarfan matsin lamba na Sturgeon.
AT Ural akwai nau'i biyu na tsayayyen malami kamar na Volga; lokacin tashi su iri daya ne. A cikin ƙananan Urals, spawning a karo na biyu rabin Mayu.
Koyarwar bazara a cikin Taganrog Bay da ƙananan tazara Don Yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu - farkon Mayu kuma ya ƙare a rabin na biyu na Yuni - farkon Yuli, yana da matuƙar zafi a watan Mayu, tafarkin kaka yana faruwa ne daga ƙarshen watan Agusta-farkon Satumba zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba-farkon Disamba, farkon motsawa a watan Satumba, Oktoba da farkon Nuwamba. AT Kuban ya shigo cikin yawan kuɗi. Kuban stellate sturgeon, kamar Kuban rago, bream, pike perch, ya bambanta da Don baƙuwar ƙawa, spawning na Kuban stellate stellate yakan faru ne a watan Mayu-Agusta, yawan kumburi na dunƙule biyun ya banbanta: sanadin Kuban ya yi saurin sauka fiye da yadda Don ke dame shi, amma daga shekara 9 ya fi saurin sauka na Don -2 shekaru kafin Don.
AT Danube hanya tana farawa a cikin Maris-Afrilu kuma zai kasance har zuwa Nuwamba-Disamba, ragewa ko tsayawa a cikin Yuli-Satumba. A hanya a cikin Don faruwa faruwa a 4.2-24.5 ° C, taro a kan matsakaici a 14.4-17.4 ° C. A farkon lokacin bazara, maza sun fi yawa, yayin hanya adadin mata ke ƙaruwa. Yawan haihuwa na Kuban ya yi wa kansa zagon kasa daga 84.8 (tsayin 124 cm) zuwa 471.7 (tsayi 152 cm), matsakaici ne na ƙwai dubu 200. Caasan Caviar, 2.8-3 mm a diamita, yana manne da pebbles. Yawan haihuwa na sturlate sturgeon ya bambanta daga 53 zuwa 916 dubu qwai.
Balaga
Maza daga cikin mutanen Kuban ɗabi'ar d el a da kafaɗɗen mijista ya kai ga balaga tun yana ɗan shekara 4, mace daga shekara 7.
Jajircewa Sturgeon ci gaban
Ci gaban amfrayo a mafi karancin yanayin zafi (15 ° C) na kimanin kwanaki 6. A zazzabi na 25 ° C, tayi tayi bayan awa 55-60. Laran fari na farko da aka zana da kuma zartar da ƙwaƙwalwa na daskarewa (5-17 mm) a cikin Ural delta sun bayyana a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na Mayu. Lokaci guda tare da larvae, an kuma kama ƙananan yara waɗanda suka sauya zuwa ciyar da aiki (43 mm). Miƙa mulki na dagula larvae zuwa ciyarwa yana farawa ne a ranar 5 - 9th bayan an fara jigilar mizikin 18-19 mm. Ana amfani da kwayoyin na Biotic don abinci a farkon matakai na haɓaka, girman waɗanda suke 1-2 mm, oligochaetes, polychaetes, korofiids, gammarids, mysids, larvae da chironomid pupae (a cikin yanki mai tsalle). A cikin shekaru goma na farko na watan Yuni, matsakaiciyar tsayi daga 21-43 mm tare da matsakaicin nauyin 88-307 mg.
Mass rake yawanci tafi duk Yuni. Matsakaicin adadin ƙananan yara a ƙarshen watan ya kai 1,1-1.3 g. Bayan sun yi birgima a cikin teku, ƙananan yaran da ke yin tururuwa na ɗan lokaci na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci a sararin sararin samaniya, sannan sai a fara warwarewa a kan teku.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Stellate Sturgeon shine mafi yawan kifin kasuwanci na kasuwanci, wanda adadin ke raguwa. Ana amfani da su ta hanyar raga mai kyau da bututun net. Ana kiyaye hannun jari ta hanyar haihuwar wucin gadi a cikin ayyukan karko. Nama musamman a cikin dandano. An shirya shi a cikin chi cream da kankara-cream, kuma ana amfani da oysters don shirya hutu da granvi caviar, sau da yawa gauraye da sauran caurar Sturgeon.
Kunshe a cikin Jerin Rayi na IUCN.
Littattafai:
1. N. Svetovidov. Fishe na Black Sea. Moscow-Leningrad, 1965
2. L. S. Berg. Kifi mai ban ruwa na USSR da kasashe makwabta. Kashi na 1. Edition 4. Moscow, 1948
3. Lebedev V. D., Spanovskaya V. D., Savvaitova K. A., Sokolov L. I., Tsepkin E. A. Kifi na USSR. Moscow, Tunani, 1969
4. Fishe na arewa na yankin ƙananan Volga: A cikin littattafai 3. Yarima 1. Tsarin ichthyofauna, hanyoyin karatu / E.V. Zavyalov, A.B. Ruchin, G.V. Shlyakhtin et al. - Saratov: Gidan Bugawa na Sarat. Jami'a, 2007 .-- 208 s: rashin lafiya.
5. Fishe na Kazakhstan: 5 ton / Mitrofanov V.P., Dukravets G.M., Peseridi N.E. et al. - Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1986. T. 1. Lampreys, Sturgeons, Herring , Salmon, Pike. - 272 p.