Sonya Polchok mai kama sosai ga squirrel. Yana zaune akan bishiyoyi a yawancin sassan Rasha kuma yana cin 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi da hatsi. Wadannan dabbobin za a iya kiyaye su a gida ta hanyar siyayya a shagon dabbobi. Sony-regiments ana rarrabe su da gaskiyar cewa suna yin bacci da yawa yayin rana kuma suna aiki sosai da dare - godiya ga wannan salon, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna samun sunan su.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Sonya-polchok dabba ce ta dangin sony. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta waɗanda suke da kama sosai da mice. Tsawon jikin mutum, ya danganta da nau'in halitta, ya bambanta daga cm 8 zuwa 20 cm. Ya bambanta da mice a cikin cewa wutsiya lallai ya zama ya fi guntu jiki - wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin rayuwar barci, wanda a koda yaushe suke hawa mai tushe da bishiyoyi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wutsiyar wasu nau'ikan kwanciya barci hanya ce ta samun ceto. Idan maharbi ya kama wutsiyarsa, to fata na sama na iya barin wutsiyar sannan dormouse zai tafi da sannu a hankali, zai bar abokan gaba da fashin jikin wutsiya.

Sony bai sami sunan su ba kwatsam - suna jagorantar rayuwa ta yau da kullun, kuma suna barci da rana. Duk da gaskiyar cewa suna cikin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwa, abincinsu yana da bambanci da bambanci, ya danganta da nau'in carotid. Rodents shine rukuni mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sony yana da kusan nau'ikan 28, waɗanda aka kasu kashi tara.

Habitat Sony-Polchka

Akwai dormouse a yawancin Turai da a Asiaan Asiya. A Rasha, wannan nau'in yana zaune a tsakiyar yankin da kuma wasu yankuna na kudu. Mafi yawa a cikin Caucasus, Transcaucasia da Carpathians. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai yawa tare da yawancin itacen oak, beech, hornbeam, gauraye tare da bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace daji tare da kyakkyawan ƙwarƙwashin hazel, hawthorn, dogwood. Sau da yawa ana samunsu a cikin orchards da vineyards. Yana kiyaye sarai daga gandun daji tare da zafi mai zurfi, tsirrai matasa da tsirrai, sai dai irin goro. Ya fi son manyan gandun daji, yana da matukar wuya a cikin dazuzzukan tsibiri.

Bayanin sony regiment, hoto

Sonya-polchok shine mafi girman wakilin barcin barci, yayi kama da mai kurege, amma ba tare da kunnuwa a kunnuwa. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai 18 cm, wutsiyarsa ta zama 10-15 cm, dabba tana da nauyin kimanin 170 g. Shugaban regiment yana da zagaye, guguwar tana da kaifi, idanun manya manya kuma convex, kunnuwa gajere ne kuma zagaye. Akwai wasu kaifi masu kaifi a kan dabbobin don taimaka musu su hau kan bishiyoyi da kyau.

Jawoyen 'Sony-polka sun ƙunshi ƙyamar mai haske, tsayin daka wanda ya haɗu daga 19 zuwa 23 mm, kuma mai kauri, maimakon babban ginin. A cikin samfurori daban-daban, launin fur ɗin yana ɗaukar canje-canje masu ƙarfi, waɗanda kuma ana lura da su dangane da yanayin mazaunin ƙasa, lokacin shekara da kuma digiri na dabba. Hoto na rajista na Sony ya nuna ba dogon, amma ƙaƙƙarfan furji.

Yawancin lokaci sautin gaba ɗayan dukkan ɓangarorin sama na jiki shine ash launin toka tare da madaidaicin duhu. A tarnaƙi yana da ɗan sauƙi, tare da ɗan ɗanɗano launin ruwan kasa. Painungiyoyin ɓangare na sama suna mannuwa a cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa-launin toka-shuɗi. Ragowar gashi na baya, ban da cikakkiyar gashi mai duhu akan tsohuwar, ashe launin toka ne, amma yawancinsu suna da fiɗa masu launin ruwan kasa. Yalwa ko mara girman adadin ƙarshen yana canza launi daga mafi daidaita launin toka zuwa launin toka mai ƙarfi mai haske. Hakanan ana rage launin toka duk rabin babba na wannan akwati da kan kai tare da kunkuntar ratsin hannu tare da gefen gefen goshin gaba da baya. Ya bambanta da launi na baya, ciki na dabba, kirji, makogwaro, kumatu da kuma ciki ɗayan ƙasusuwa masu launin toka ne, kusan fararen fata. Ta hanyar hasken gabaɗaya, wani lokacin farin sautin ƙananan gefen ciki, launin ruwan tabarau na launin gwal na gashi yana da ɗan sauƙi. Dogon wutsiya, mai tsananin lullube da gashi mai laushi a saman maraba, a cikin kwano na rabin, a launi yakan dace da launi na baya, yayin da ragowar ya banbanta da ko dai duhu mai duhu, ko kuma, ana iya magana, sautin launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Partashin wutsiyar wutsiya ya fi kwanciyar hankali tare da ma fiɗa mai fiɗa tare da rabuwar.

Sonya Polchka salon rayuwa

Siffar halayyar kwayar halitta ita ce gajarta lokacin aiki - watanni 4 kawai a shekara (a wasu lokuta kuma ɗan ƙara yawa), sauran watanni 8 da suka rage a kumbura. Dabbobin suna yin hibernates a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, kuma suna farkawa a cikin Mayu-Yuni, wani lokacin har a cikin Yuli.

Sonya-polchok fiye da sauran dormouse wanda ya dace da rayuwar arboreal, da wuya ya gangara zuwa ƙasa. Nests yawanci suna shirya cikin rami ko kuma amfani da tsohuwar kuɗaɗen gidaje, wani lokacin mazanci suna warwarewa cikin tsohuwar ɓarna, a ƙarƙashin ɓarnar ko kuma a cikin ɓarna a tsakanin duwatsun.

Hanyoyin rikice-rikice sun fi so su jagoranci salon rayuwa ɗaya, amma sau da yawa hunturu a cikin rukuni, tara a cikin rami ɗaya - yana da zafi.

Sonya Polchok dabba ce mara tsayi. Ba kamar nau'in “duƙuwar" ba, ayyukan da ke cikin rikice-rikice suna ƙaruwa da farko duhu ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon alamun wayewar gari. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, babu katsewar aiki a cikin dare. Rayuwar dare, i.e. ɗaukar nauyin aiki kawai zuwa lokacin cikakken duhu yana sa tsarin mulki ya dogara da tsawon dare, gwargwadon abin da yake canzawa sosai lokacin bazara. Idan a rabi na biyu na Yuni regim na iya zama mai aiki na tsawon awanni shida da rabi, to a nan gaba ayyukan sa a hankali ya ƙaru kuma tuni ya kasance a tsakiyar watan Agusta ne awanni 9, kuma a lokacin da ya shiga yanayin ɓoyewa, lokacin yiwuwar ayyukan yana ƙaruwa zuwa awanni 13. Shin dormouse zai iya aiki da hasken rana? Ana iya amsa wannan tambaya da gaske. Yara dabbobi sun zama ruwan dare musamman a rana a farkon rayuwarsu mai 'yanci. Shiryayyen da aka ajiye a gida sau da yawa yakan fita yayin rana daga tsari da kuma ciyarwa.

Rayuwar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar tsinkaye, takaitaccen lokacin aiki da mazauni a saman gandun daji na ƙayyade cewa a cikin abincin kusan dukkanin dabbobi da tsuntsaye masu cin gashin kansu, tsarin ya yi nisa da fari. Duk da haka, Sonya yana da isassun maƙiya: martens, weasels, ferrets, lynxes, foxes, and cat dake kusa da gidaje. Mujiya da tsuntsaye masu guba a kan dabbobi daga tsuntsaye.

Kiwo

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan barin rashin himma, tsarin sony zai fara lokacin kiwo. A wannan lokacin, rabin sassan gandun daji suna cike da hayaniya da kuma narkar da maza ke gudana da fada. A m yanayin na hordes lura a duk Yuli.

Tsawon lokacin lokacin haihuwa a cikin Sonya-Polchka ana iya daukar shi daidai da kwanaki 20-25, wanda ya sha bamban da sauran bangarorin gandun daji guda biyu - chipmunk (kwanaki 30-35) da squirrel (kwanaki 35-40). A cikin zuriyar dabbobi ana yawanci akwai ƙwalba 3-5. Girman jariran suna kan matsakaici 2.5 g, tsawon jikin - 30 mm. Cubs suna girma da haɓaka cikin sauri, a rana ta bakwai na rayuwa, suna ƙaruwa cikin nauyi fiye da sau 4 kuma sun riga sun fara yin ulu. Haushi ya fara tashi: a lokacin da ake shirin girke girke, wanda yake sati daya, makarancin incisor din tuni ya fara nunawa, a ranar 20 - manyan allurai, kunnuwa a bude kuma idanun suka fara budewa. A lokaci guda akwai saurin sarewa da ulu da yin gashi tare da gashin wutsiya. Kimanin kwanaki 25-30, jarirai suna cin nono, sannan su ci gaba da ciyar da kai kuma sun banbanta da manya kawai a ƙarami, yanayin gashin gashi, da yanayin tsarin haƙori.

Me dormouse yake ci?

Tushen abincin shine abincin kayan lambu - sassan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsaba da 'ya'yan itace (ƙwayayen beech, acorns, hazelnuts, apples, pears, cherries, inabi, da sauransu).

'Ya'yan itacen beech da dabbar ta fara ci har yanzu ba ta da kyau, a yayin samuwar kwaya, kuma tana amfani da wannan abincin har sai ta faɗi. Cin kawai iri, shiryayye sosai halayyar gnaws da bun daga ta conical gefen. Acorns kuma an haɗa su cikin abincin dabba, amma zuwa ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙwayar beech.

Tare da ci, Sonya suna ci apples, pears, kuma kamar 'ya'yan itacen beech, suna iya cin su gaba ɗaya. A na biyu rabin Yuni, a cikin kudancin yankunan, riga ripened cherries zama babban abinci ga sprout. Cin kawai ɓangaren litattafan almara na berries, shiryayye yana lalata su da sauri. Hazelnuts ana cinye rabi daga farkon cikakken ripening zuwa lalata. Da yardar rai ci dormouse da gyada. Ganyen kore tsire-tsire wanda akan shiryayye 'ya'yan itatuwa, dabbar ma ba ta watsi da su. Daga abincin dabbobi, wani lokacin shiryayye suna cin abinci da katako, ƙuƙumma, gwoza da ƙwayoyi. A cikin yanayi na dabi'a, Sonya regiments da wuya ya rayu sama da shekaru uku, a gida ƙyallen idanunsu sun ɗan yi tsawo.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Yaya yanayin dormouse yayi?

Sonya Polchok ita ce mafi girma daga cikin hanyoyin barci. Tsawon jikinta ya kasance daga 13 zuwa 8 cm, kuma yawan maza zasu iya kaiwa 180 g, dukda cewa a cikin gida sony za a iya kitse shi har zuwa mafi girma. Sonya-polchok yayi kama da launin toka, amma tare da canza tsarin mulki.

Rediyon ya zagaye kananan kunnuwa da manyan idanu kadan. Hanci yana da girma, ba a lulluɓe da ulu, ruwan hoda. Haske mai duhu ko duhu mai duhu suna iya gani a kusa da idanu. Hanci yana da gashin kansa masu yawa - mustaches, waɗanda suke da matukar damuwa kuma suna taimakawa barcin barci wajen neman abinci.

Jikin yana da tsawo, wanda za'a iya lura dashi kawai lokacin da dormouse ke cikin motsi. Tailan gajeren wutsiyar wani lokaci yana kama da squirrel a cikin fur, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, dormouse bashi da madafin murfin wuce gona da iri akan wutsiya. Mayafin gashi yana da tsayi da taushi, mai launin shuɗi. Abun ciki, wuya da kuma a cikin paws fari. Jawo ba shi da ƙaranci, amma ga ɗan gajeren lokaci an yaba da shi tsakanin mafarauta. Sonya regiments suna da murfin mai yawa wanda zai basu damar tsira a lokacin sanyi. Paarfan creeps suna da ƙarfi, suna da yatsunsu masu dogon gashi, basa da ulu.

Mafi yawan hannu-yatsun hannu - na farko da na biyar, waɗanda aka juye su da sauran yatsunsu. Wannan yana ba Sonya-Polch damar kama da kyau a kan rassan bishiya kuma ya kasance cikin iska.

Kusan babu bambancin jima'i tsakanin dormouse. An lura cewa maza na regines suna da launi mai duhu da kuma manyan girma fiye da mace. Hakanan, maza suna da ƙarin zoben duhu a kusa da idanun, kuma wutsiyar tayi magana sosai, fiye da kama da squirrel.

Rarraba

Yankin ya hada da yawancin Turai, Caucasus da Asiya .arami. Yana zaune cikin tuddai da kan tuddai. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin gandun daji gauraye, orcards hade da hazel da itatuwa 'ya'yan itace.

Ina ne dormouse yake zaune?

Hoto: Sonia-kadan dabba

Sonya-polchok ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan barci ne.

Da farko, mazaunan dormouse sun rayu a waɗannan wurare:

Daga baya, an kawo Sony-regiments zuwa UK, akan Chiltern Hills. Hakanan, ana samun ƙananan mutane a cikin tsibiran na Bahar Rum: Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica, Corfu da Crete. Lokaci-lokaci ana samunsu a Turkmenistan da Ashgabat.

Dormouse ne ya mamaye Rasha ba tare da bambanci ba, wannan nau'in ya zauna a cikin keɓance a cikin manyan yankuna da yawa. Misali, suna zaune ne a Kursk, kusa da Kogin Volga, a Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia da Bashkiria.

A arewacin babu yawancin su - kawai kusa da Kogin Oka, saboda mutane sun saba da yanayin zafi. A kudu na yankin Turai na Rasha babu rajista kwata-kwata, amma ana samunsa kusa da matattarar ƙasan Caucasus. Mafi yawan yawan mutanen Sonya suna zaune ne a Isthmus na Caucasus da kuma a Transcaucasia.

Canjin tsarin Sonya shine cewa kusan bai sauka zuwa ƙasa daga bishiyoyi ba, yana motsawa gaba ɗaya tare da rassa da kuma lokacin farin ciki. A duniya, dormouse shine mafi cutarwa. Sabili da haka, rikodin Sonya suna kowa ne kawai a wuraren da akwai itatuwa da tsire-tsire masu yawa.

Yanzu kun san inda dormouse yake zaune. Bari mu bincika abin da mai ƙarfi ke ci.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Sonya Polchok a yanayi

Sonya regiments zaune a cikin deciduous da cakuda gandun daji, inda babban yanki na forage is located. A dare, da regiments ne agile da sauri dabbobi da gudu tare da a tsaye saman bishiyoyi da tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe.

Da rana, Sonya sake tunanin barci, wanda ya ba su damar zama kamar ƙarancin farauta. Suna shirya mazaunin a cikin ramin bishiyoyi, ƙasa da sau da yawa - a cikin duwatsu da asalinsu. An rufe filayen ciyawa tare da ciyawa, itace matattara, gansakuka, tsuntsu mai ruwa da kuma reeds.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Rega'idodin Sony suna fifita ɗakunan fuloti da sauran makusantan tsuntsaye na wucin gadi, suna tsara yadda aka yi su kai tsaye a saman su. Saboda haka, tsuntsayen da suka manyanta sukan daina yin tururuwa zuwa gida, sakamakon abin da clutch da kajin suka mutu.

A lokacin bazara, hanzarin suna samun nauyi sosai, kuma da farkon yanayin sanyi sukan fada cikin rashin himma - wannan yana faruwa ne game da watan Oktoba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna bacci har zuwa Mayu ko Yuni, amma watanni na iya bambanta dangane da mazaunin ƙwaƙwalwa. Dabbobin suna yin hibernate cikin rukuni, kodayake suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da daddare na wannan nau'in an ɗaure su zuwa hasken rana, kuma ba takamaiman lokacin takamaiman lokaci ba. Idan dare yayi gajarta, mazanan zasu takaita lokacin aikin su, haka kuma. A zahiri, tsarin Sonya yana iya zama mai aiki yayin rana, cin abinci da motsawa, amma wannan yana da rikitarwa ta yawancin masu hasashen rana.

A gida, ana amfani da tsarin rajista na Sony a rayuwar yau da kullun. Sonya sun girma ne daga shayarwa cikin sauƙin shiga hannunsu, suna san mutuminsu da wari da murya, suna son a buge su. Suna hawa tare da sha'awa tare da mutum, suna fahimtar shi kamar itace.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Saurayi Sony-Polchok

Kimanin sati biyu kenan da barin barin iskoson abinci, farauta ya fara lokacin daskarewa. Maza suna yin sautin hayaniya: kowane dare suna ƙoƙarin jan hankalin mace da maciji, sannan kuma suna shirya yadda ake yakar juna. Duk cikin watan Yuli, Sony regiments suna nuna halayen wannan, suna neman mata.

Bayan mace ta zabi namiji, mace-mace tana faruwa. Bayan haka, mace da namiji ba su sake ganin juna ba, kuma dukkan abubuwan son Son sun koma yanayin zaman su na yau da kullun.

Rashin haihuwa ta kusan kwanaki 25, wanda yayi kadan idan aka kwatanta da chipmunks da squirrels. Sonya-polchok ta haife 3-5an 3-5 na nauyinsu ba su wuce gram biyu da rabi ba. Tsawon tsaran jikin ɗan ƙarancin dormouse wani wuri ne kusan 30 mm. Tun da aka haife shi gaba daya ba mai taimako bane, tsarin jarirai suna girma da sauri, tuni a rana ta bakwai an rufe shi da ulu mai girma.

A rana ta 20, an yanke hakora a farice, girman kuma ya ninka har sau 5. An rinka ɗaukar mayafin, wani farin ƙarfe ya bayyana. Har zuwa kwanaki 25, 'Ya'yan suna shan madara, kuma bayan hakan sun sami damar cin abinci da kansu.

Kwanaki biyar na farko bayan barin gida, tsarin son zuciya na Sonya yana kusa da mahaifiyarsu, kuma bayan hakan zasu iya sarrafa abinci da kansu. Gaba ɗaya, rajistar Sony na rayuwa kimanin shekaru biyar da rabi, amma a gida, tsammanin rayuwa yana ƙaruwa zuwa shekaru shida.

Abokan halitta na Sony-Polch

Hoto: Yaya yanayin dormouse yayi?

Sonya Polchka ta rage yawan abokan halitta na halitta godiya ga rayuwar rayuwarta. Don haka, kawayenta kawai mujiyoyi, musamman, mujiya. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna kamawa kai tsaye daga rassayen bishiya, idan dabbar bata da lokacin da zata buya a cikin buhun ko wata dabara.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin tsohuwar Roma, ana ɗaukar naman Sonya mai daɗi, kamar yadda sauran ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi suke. An gasa su tare da zuma kuma an gasa su a cikin lambuna na musamman.

Rushewa gandun daji suna da haɗari ga dormouse. Waɗannan dabbobin za su iya ɓoyewa da hawan ƙaramin bishiyoyi, don haka wani lokaci za su iya kama ragowar barci mai barci. Hakanan, a saukake yakan iya zuwa cikin gidajen da ke wuraren shakatawa, a washe su kuma a kashe sa .an.

Abubuwan kulawa na Sony ba su da kariya a gaban masu hasara, saboda haka abin da kawai za su iya yi shi ne su gudu su ɓoye. Koyaya, idan mutum yayi ƙoƙarin kama dormouse, dabba zai iya ciza ta har ma ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta.

Saboda haka, dormouse dodges da aka kama cikin daji ba za a iya mallakar shi ba. Dabbobi ne kawai suka girma tun daga haihuwa kusa da ɗan adam wanda zai iya salama tare a cikin gida, zama sananne ga mai shi kuma ba sa ganin abokin gaba a cikin sa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Sonia-kadan dabba

Duk da gaskiyar cewa Sony-Polch fur yana da kyau kuma yana da danshi, an girbe shi da adadi kaɗan. A shekara ta 1988, an jera jinsunan a cikin littafin farko a cikin Tula da Ryazan, amma ba da daɗewa ba adadin ya fara karuwa. Kodayake rikodin Sonya sun iyakance a cikin mazauninsu, matakan da ba za a iya dawo dasu da kare nau'in ba.

Yawan adadin dormouse sun bambanta da mazaunin mazaunin. Yawancin a cikin Transcaucasia suna wahala mafi yawan, inda akwai raguwar ciyawar daji da haɓaka sabbin filaye don amfanin gona. Ko ta yaya, wannan ba mahimmanci ba ne ga yawan jama'a.

Kudu maso Yamma da yammacin Turai suna cike da cunkoso ta hanyar barci. Shelves suna zaune kusa da birane da biranen don ci daga gonakin inabi, gonakin inabinsu da filayen noma, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a wasu lokuta ake girke su. Wannan kuma baya tasiri ga yawan dormouse.

Bugu da kari, tsarin Sonya dabbobi ne wadanda suke da saurin kiwo a gida. Ba sa buƙatar sigogi masu ɗimbin yawa, suna cin abinci kowane abinci don ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan haɗin kayan lambu. Imentsa'idodin Sony suna da kyau ga mutane kuma har ma suna haifar da zaman talala.

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna da yawa a yawancin sassan duniya. Sonya Polchok yana ci gaba da jagorancin al'amuransu na yau da kullun, duk da canjin yanayi da canjin yanayi da ƙonewa. Abubuwan al'aura suna daidaitawa da sabon yanayin rayuwa, kuma babu wasu dalilai da zasu tasiri haifuwar su.

Aiki

Dabbobin dabbobin zamani, masu sauƙin gudana tare da rassa na bakin ciki da kuma Tumbin mai santsi, sau da yawa suna rataye a gefe, suna manne wa reshe da kafafunsu na baya. Yi tsalle kaɗan daga nesa. Sony - dabbobi ba dare ba, ana fara aiki da maraice. A cikin kangara, galibi suna barin tsari yayin rana. Sun zauna a cikin rami na bishiyoyi, wani lokacin ma a cikin ɓoyewa tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi ko yin buɗaɗɗun waje. A cikin kaka, an tara mai, yana samun har zuwa 25-40% na ƙarin nauyi. A cikin hunturu, sun fada cikin rashin himma (daga Satumba zuwa Afrilu). Mafi yawan lokuta hunturu a cikin rami, wani lokacin ma tara mutane da yawa.

Halin zamantakewa

Dabbobi suna zaune ne a kan ƙananan shafuka na mutum, suna nuna ƙauna ga yankinsu. Sau da yawa, dabbar tana ciyar da rayuwarta gaba daya a wani yanki na kadada 15, ba da nisa da mahaifiyar mahaifiya. Mace suna da alaƙa da kusancin ƙasa fiye da maza. A cikin yawan jama'a, dabbobin da ke tsakanin shekaru 4-5 yawanci galibi suna rayuwa lokaci guda.

Matsayi na nau'in halitta akan yankin ƙasar da kuma yankuna kusa da su

An jera jinsunan a cikin Littattafai na Red kuma an ɗauka ƙarƙashin kariya a cikin Moscow (cat. 3), Nizhny Novgorod (cat. 4) kuma a cikin Jamhuriyar Mordovia (cat. 3), an ba da shawarar don haɗawa a cikin Littafin Red na yankin Tula. (cat. 3). A cikin yankin Tambov da aka jera a cikin jinsin masu buƙatar kulawa da kulawa koyaushe. An hada nau'in a cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN, Shafi na III na Berne Convention.

Habitats da ilmin halitta

Sonya-polchok ita ce mafi girma wakilcin wuraren barci, a rarrabuwarta ana da alaƙa da yankin gandun daji. Ya fi yawancin yankunan da ke da itacen oak, beech, hazel, bishiyun bishiyun daji. Sau da yawa yakan zauna a cikin manyan lambuna. Daga cikin duk danginsa, shi ne nau'in da ya fi dacewa da rayuwar arboreal, yana hawa kwanduna da ƙananan rassa, yana sauƙaƙe manyan (har zuwa 10 m) tsalle daga bishiya zuwa waccan. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine abincin tsire-tsire: acorns, kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries, tsaba, zuwa ƙarancin girma - buds da harbe. Abincin dabbobi (slugs, caterpillars, millipedes, kwari) suna taka rawa a sakandare. Sonya-Polchok yana aiki daga yamma har safiya. Yafi son gina gida a cikin amintattun matsugunai - manya-manyan, a cikin manya-manyan ramuka, a cikin mazaunin tsuntsaye na tsuntsaye. Garkunan hunturu sune bishiyoyi m, ramuka da ramuka a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi da kututture, ana kiyaye shi daga matuƙar zafin jiki da shigar danshi. Daga Oktoba zuwa ƙarshen Mayu-Yuni yana cikin barkewar zurfi, sau da yawa ana sanya dabbobi (har zuwa 8) a cikin gida ɗaya. Gasar yana farawa a watan Yuni, mace ta kawo liyafar, a cikin tsintsiya daga daya zuwa goma, yawanci biyar zuwa shida, matasa. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 23-25. Iyakance shekarun rayuwar kwari a cikin yanayi shekaru 4-5 ne (1-5).

An dauki matakan kariya kuma suka zama dole

A cikin yankin Ryazan, dormouse yana ƙarƙashin kariya tun 1977 (13). Ana kiyaye mazaunan nau'ikan jinsin akan iyakar Oka Reserve. Yana da kyau a bincika wuraren wuraren zama na wannan nau'in a cikin yankin, idan ya cancanta, ɗauki wuraren da aka gano a ƙarƙashin kariya ta musamman da hana lalacewar su.

Tushen bayanai

1. Airapetyants, 1983, 2. Baryshnikov et al., 1981, 3. Gromov, Erbaeva, 1995, 4. Sokolov, 1977, 5. Flint et al., 1970, 6. Babushkin, Babushkina, 2004, 7. Gushchina da dr., 1981, 8. Onufrenya, Kudryashova, 1992, 9. Borodin, 1960, 10. Bayanin M.V. Onufrenya 11. Data A.S. Onufreni, 12. Bayani ta V.P. Ivancheva, 13. Hukuncin kwamitin zartarwa ... 01/19/1977, Na 16.

Bayyanuwa, girma

Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum ya bambanta tsakanin 13-18 cm, tare da adadin giram 150-180. A bayyanar, shiryayye yayi kama da ƙaramin squirrel na launin toka, ba tare da kasancewar tassels a kunnuwa masu zagaye ba. Almsafukan hannu da ƙafafun ba gauraye ba ne, yawansu, yana da yatsun motsi mai ƙarfi. Musamman motsi akan ƙafa yana bambancewa da yatsunsu I da V, waɗanda suke iya samun sauƙin jujjuyawar yatsu zuwa wasu yatsunsu. Goge yana jujjuya waje a kusurwa kusan 30 game. Godiya ga wannan fasalin, shelves na iya motsawa har ma da rassan bakin ciki.

Dabba na dabba da sauri na hawa bishiyar bishiyoyi sama da ƙasa, na iya tsalle sama da rassa sama da mita goma. Wutsiyar Sonya tana da laushi, mai launin fari-mai-fari, tare da matsakaiciyar tsawon 11 zuwa 15. Jawo daga jikinta bata da girma sosai, harma tana da wadatacciyar gashi, ya ƙunshi yawancin gashi. Canza launi na shiryayye shine kusan monophonic. Launuka biyu ne kawai suka mamaye launi: launin toka-shuɗi da smoky-launin toka a bango, har da fari ko launin shuɗi a ciki. Zobba na bakin ciki na iya kasancewa a kusa da idanu, wanda wasu lokuta kusan ba a ganuwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa sony ya girma yana da tsinkaye mai tsayi, wanda ke cikin kullun motsi, amma hagu na dama da hagu suna iya motsawa gabaɗayan juna.

Rayuwa, halayya

Sonya regiments suna da alaƙa da gaurayayyu da kuma tsatsa mai iyaka, inda suke da abinci iri-iri. Dabbobi sun fi son zama cikin gandun daji mafi yawan wurare, wanda aka san shi da yawan bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi. Yawancin lokaci yawan barci yakan zauna a cikin gonakin inabi da gonakin inabi ko a kusanci da su. A cikin tsaunika, dabbobi masu shayarwa za su iya zuwa iyakokin manyan gandun daji, har zuwa kusan mita dubu biyu sama da matakin teku.

Dormouse yana jin daɗaɗɗa a cikin gandun daji cikakke tare da ƙarancin kudan zuma, itacen oak, hornbeam da linden, tare da wadatar ƙasa mai zurfi dangane da 'ya'yan itace bushes a cikin hanyar hawthorn, dogwood da hazel, kazalika da honeysuckle. A cikin yankin arewa maso gabas na kewayon Rasha, Sonya yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na oak-linden tare da maple, elm, aspen, hazel, raspberries da blackberries a cikin ƙananan bene. A cikin yankin dutse na bakin teku, mai sashin dutsen yana zaune ne musamman a wuraren da ake aikin dutsen.

Har zuwa ƙarshen bazara ko har zuwa watan Yuni, yanayin dormouse yana cikin yanayin rashin hankali, kuma waɗannan dabbobi suna farka daga baya fiye da sauran membobin dangi. Misali, a kan yankin Caucasus, da regiments massively barin su mafaka a kusa da ƙarshen Yuni, lokacin da 'ya'yan itãcen ciyawa da ceri plum ripen. Maza manya a jikin rassan bishiyoyi suna barin alamomin na musamman masu kamshi, ƙanshin wanda ko da mutum zai iya jin ƙanshi. A lokacin hurawa, a matsayinka na mai mulki, kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na wadanda basa aiki sun mutu, wadanda basu da lokaci su tara wadataccen kitsen mai ko kuma sun zabi wurin da bai dace ba don lokacin hunturu.

A lokacin rashin himma, yawan motsa jiki a cikin dabbobi yayi jinkirin zuwa 2%, zafin jiki yana sauka zuwa 3 ° C, matsewar zuciya ya zama kadan, da saurin numfashi na iya tsayawa wani lokaci zuwa wani lokaci.

Habitat, mazauni

Rabaren ya bazu sosai a cikin tsaunukan tuddai da tudu na Turai, a cikin Caucasus da Transcaucasia, wanda aka samo daga arewacin Spain da Faransa zuwa Turkiyya, yankin Volga da arewacin Iran. An gabatar da nau'in a cikin Burtaniya (Chiltern Upland). An samo Dormouse a cikin tsibirin tsibirin na Bahar Rum, ciki har da Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Crete da Corfu, kazalika da Turkmenistan kusa da Ashgabat.

A kan ofasashe na Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, baƙon dormouse ya zama marar daidaituwa. Yankin wannan abincin dabbobi masu shayarwa yana wakiltar wurare daban-daban na yankin, yawancinsu suna nesa mai nisa daga juna. Ana iya samun Sonia-regiment a cikin Kursk yankin da kuma yankin Volga kogin, ciki har da yankin Volga-Kama, yankin Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia da Bashkiria, yankin Samara.

A arewacin ƙasarmu, rarrabuwar thearancin ya takaita ga Kogin Oka. A cikin yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin turai, dormouse ba ya nan. Mafi yawancin dabbobi da yawa kuma suna da yawa a cikin Caucasus da Isthmus na Caucasus. Abubuwanda ke iyakance adadin adadin mutane sun hada da adadin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa a iyakokin arewacin iyaka, da kuma karancin mazaunan mazauna.

Kwararru sun ba da shawarar, a matsayin matakan kiyaye wakilan jinsin a cikin yanayi, yin nazari na musamman game da wuraren rarraba wurare na zamani da jimlar nau'in jinsin, da kuma ganowa da kuma kariya ta mazaunin.

Abincin Sony

Ta hanyar kayan abinci na yau da kullun, tsarin Sonya masu cin ganyayyaki ne, don haka tushen abincin su shine wakilcin sassan tsire-tsire na kowane nau'in tsire-tsire, 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba. Haka kuma, a cikin 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa, dabbobi sun fi son nama, amma kasusuwa. Babban abincin na Sony ya hada da:

• acorns
• hazel
• walnuts
• kirji
• beech kwayoyi
• pears
• inabi
• apples
• ceri mai zaki
• magudana
• bishiyar mulmula
• plum,
• ciyawa.

Game da amfanin barcin dabbobi na abinci, babu yarjejeniya. Wasu masu binciken sun ba da damar ɗanɗano saurin dormouse. Wasu lokuta rodents suna cin ƙananan kajin da kwari tare da abincin shuka. Dabbobin daji masu shayarwa suna ba da fifiko ga 'ya'yan itatuwa da andan rian itaciya, sabili da haka, a cikin ciyar da dabba ya fara gwada fruitan itacen, kuma ba ta isasshen abinci yana jefa ƙasa.

Kamar yadda al'adar ke nunawa, 'ya'yan itacen marmari wadanda ke warwatse ta dormouse druids galibi suna jan hankalin boars da bears, kuma ana amfani da su sosai cikin abinci ta wasu nau'ikan linzamin kwamfuta irin.

Tarihin Rayuwa a Zoo

Sony Regiments sun kasance a cikin Zoo na Moscow fiye da shekaru 15. A farkon shekarun, dabbobin basu kiwo ba. Gaskiyar ita ce don haɓakar haihuwa, barcin barci yana buƙatar suturar gashi, wanda babu wasu yanayi a cikin ɓoyayyen wuri. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, a lokacin hunturu, an sanya dormouse zuwa shinge na titi, kuma dabbobin sun fara kiwo cikin nasara. A cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata, dormouse ya kasance yana farauta a cikin babban filin "Night Night" koda ba tare da isasshen gashi ba.

Za ka iya ganin Sonya a cikin shingen nuni na babban filin '' Night Night '' tare da ciki wani gandun daji hade, inda suke rayuwa tare da shinge na yau da kullun. Mazauna matsakaiciyar fili ce da ɓarna, haka kuma ɓoyayyen mai ba da abinci, waɗanda su ma suke amfani da shi a matsayin gida. Yanzu, a cikin wannan ciyarwar "farauta", an sanya cakuda hay. Ana ciyar da dabbobi sau ɗaya a rana. A cikin aviary akwai mai ba da kwandon kwandon shara don baƙi su ga yadda dabbobi ke ci. Abincin abincin da aka samu na kayan abinci na Sonya ya ƙunshi 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, ƙwayoyin sunflower, oats, cuku gida, kwari, ƙwai kaza, nama, hercules da bitamin da kuma kayan ma'adinai.

Bayani da fasali sony polchok

Waɗannan dabbobin ban mamaki sune masu ƙaunar bacci. Nan ne sunan su ya fito - Sonya Polchok. Don barci, dabbobi suna buƙatar akalla watanni tara a shekara.

Yana farawa a watan Satumba kuma ya ƙare a watan Yuni. Kasancewa mafi girman wakilcin carotid, regiment yana da tsawon jikin mutum har zuwa 18 cm, tsawon wutsiyarsa shine 10 cm, kuma nauyin jikin dabbar yana kusan 170 g.

Shelf a cikin hoto - dabba ce wacce take da gajeren kunne, wacce take zagaye a kai, da sako-sako da gashinta, kuma tafin kafa ta kafafu, da diddige da aka rufe da ulu. Idanun dabba suna ado da zobe mai duhu, wani lokacin ba a ganin isa.

An yi wa murtal na dabba kwalliya da kuzari tare da manya-manya masu rikodin wadannan dabbobi. Matsakaicinsu ya kai cm 6. cm launi na gashi rodent smoky launin toka tare da launin ruwan kasa tabarau na azurfa. Cikakken ciki fari, kuma kafafu sunyi launin rawaya. Wutsiya fari fat tare da faffadar launin toka.

Shiryayyar dabbobi kamanninsa yayi kama da squirrel, don haka da farko an kuskure shi akan squirrel. Koda yake, wadannan dabbobin har yanzu suna da bambance-bambance - gajimare bashi da tassels a kunnuwa kuma ciki sa fari.

Shiryayye daga ƙungiyar masu ƙarfi dabba ce mai kimar gaske. Jahilcinsa yana da ƙima a masana'antar fur, kuma ana cinye nama da sauri. Kowace shekara suna zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Saboda haka a halin yanzu shiryayye a cikin Littafin Rubutu kuma yana ƙarƙashin amintaccen kariya daga mutane.

Rayuwar Sonya da mazauninsu

Ana iya haɗuwa da wannan abin mamaki na halitta a cikin Caucasus, Ukraine, Moldova da tsakiyar Rasha. Shiryayye na zaune a cikin gandun daji mamaye bishiyoyi kamar su beech, itacen oak, walnuts, bishiyun 'ya'yan itace. Gandun daji wanda aka samo kayan kwalliya ba sa jan hankalin su.

Kasancewar bishiyoyi da tsirrai na da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a gare su da samun bishiyoyi mara nauyi. A lokuta da yawa kananan dabbobi za su iya zama a cikin gidan da ake kera wucin gadi ko kuma gidan da babu ruwansu.

Kuma duk su kasance bayan manyan gyara kuma tare da murfin. Saboda wannan, tsuntsayen da aka yi wa irin wannan mazauni ba sa son su. Akwai lokutan da suka zauna a cikin ginin mutane.

Wadannan dabbobin ba a haɗe su da zama ɗaya ba, wani wuri saboda gaskiyar cewa suna jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki a lokacin da basa barci. Maƙwabta tare da irin nasu ana tsinkaye sosai cikin natsuwa.

Zasu iya samun sauki a bar su cikin mafakarsu. Wani lokaci, ganin sassan jikin mutanen da ke ciki, yana da wuya a fahimci su waye ainihin mazaunin. Sun kuma zauna tare cikin lumana cikin zaman lafiya a cikin keji, idan akwai isasshen sarari da abinci.

Wannan ba karamar dabba bace. A waje na daga inda take, karamin shiryayye ta zauna a kan reshe kuma ta fara tsabtace kanta da sauri - tana wanke gashin ajalinta, tana goge wutsiyarta, tana wanke ƙafa. Bayan haka, dabbar tana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ganye cikin rami.

Baya ga ganye a cikin gidansu, an yi layi tare da sauran kayan laushi, kamar gansakuka. Af, mata galibi suna shirya mazaunin su.

Ga maza, duk wannan ba mahimmanci ba ne saboda suna da yawa. A cikin mazaunin ku, zaku iya lura da zanen gado ɗaya ko biyu, sannan, a fili, sun isa can ta hanyar dama mai kyau.

An gudanar da rayuwa mai aiki da dabbobi tun daga magariba zuwa safiya. Da rana sai suka gwammace su kwana a matattararsu. Animalan ƙaramin Sonya Polchok Yana yawan cin lokaci a kan itatuwa. Yana motsawa gaba ɗaya tare da su kuma yana da bambanci ta kyakkyawar ƙarfin tsalle. Jakansa na iya kaiwa zuwa 10 m.

A lokacin rashin hankali, ana iya ganin dabbobi akalla 8 a cikin gida ɗaya. A lokacin wannan bacci mai zurfi, duk ayyukan rayuwar dabbar suna kankantar da su.

Generationaramin generationarami shine farkon wanda ya tashi daga yanayin bacci, bayan shekara ta ƙarshe bayan shi, kuma tuni mafi yawan dabbobin da suka manyanta. Bayan hibernation shiryayye wuya ci. A gare shi, abinci mai kyau a wannan lokacin yana da mahimmanci kawai.

Sony abinci mai gina jiki

Ainihin, shiryayye ya fi son kayan abinci. A cikin halayen da ba kasafai ba, zaku iya lura da abincinsa kwari, kwai tsuntsaye ko tsuntsu.Dabba tana son kwayoyi masu kalori, 'ya'yan itacen oak da na ciki, da kuma kwatangwalo. A ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara, hanzarin ya fara dogaro da kansu, yana tara yawan ajiyar kitse kafin rashin isasshen abinci.

Idan waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, za su iya, ba tare da wata kunya ba, su kai hare-hare a kantuna, kantuna tare da 'ya'yan itace. Kafin rashin farashi, waɗannan dabbobin suna zama mai nutsuwa a gida. Suna kawo duk abubuwan da suka samo daga abinci zuwa gidansu kuma suna sha da farin ciki mai yawa.

Ba su bambanta a cikin yawan jari. Irin wannan abu kamar hannun jari don ruwan sama ba su wanzu. Suna da isassun hakora. Shelves ba tare da matsaloli ba kuma yana iya hanzarta cizo ta hanyar gyada. Wasu lokuta, sai su ciji wadannan kwayoyi su jefa su ƙasa. Daga wannan wasu lokuta da alama dabbobi sun cika kuzari.