Ikon wutsiya | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Maned Wolf a Cologne Zoo, Jamus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tsarin kimiyya | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Platin |
Subfamily: | Wolves |
Duba: | Ikon wutsiya |
shekaru miliyan | Era | F-d | Era |
---|---|---|---|
Th | ZUWA da th n game da s game da th | ||
2,58 | |||
5,333 | Kayanka | N e game da g e n | |
23,03 | Miocene | ||
33,9 | Oligocene | P da l e game da g e n | |
56,0 | Eocene | ||
66,0 | Paleocene | ||
251,9 | Mesozoic |
Ikon wutsiya ko guara , aguarachay (lat. Chrysocyon brachyurus) - mai shayarwa dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin canine. Wakilin zamani kawai na abubuwan halittar Chrysocyon. An fassara shi daga Girkanci, sunan Latin ɗin yana ma'anar "karen zinare mai gajeren zango."
Bayyanar
Babban memba na gidan canine a Kudancin Amurka, kerkecin maned yana da kamanni na musamman. Maimakon haka, yana kama da babban dabbar dawakai a saman, siririn kafafu sama da kyarkeci. Jikinsa yayi matukar gajarta (125-130 cm). Kafafu suna kanana sosai (tsayi a witars 74-87 cm). Olfaryar kerket ɗin maned tana da nauyin 20-23. An kara jaddada rashin lafiyar jiki ta hanyar manyan kunnuwa da gajere (28-45 cm), har da wulakanci mai tsawo: tsawon kwanyarsa shine 21-24 cm. Dogayen kafafu na wutsiyar maned, a bayyane yake, sunadaran juyin halitta ne ga mazaunin - filayen ciyawa - suna taimakawa kyarkeci ne don bincika abubuwan da ke kewaye, suna motsawa cikin ciyawa mai tsayi. Abin lura ne cewa puppy na maned wolf an haife shi gajere. Theara yawan tsayuwa ne saboda girman ƙafar kafa da metatarsus (kamar cheetahs), duk da haka, ba za a iya kira karnukan karnukan fata ba.
Gashin gashi na wannan ƙyar wolf yana da girma kuma yana da taushi. Gabaɗaya launi yana da launin shuɗi-ja, chin da ƙarshen wutsiya sune haske. Daga kambi har zuwa tsakiyar baya akwai rabe mai baƙar fata. Kafafu suna duhu. Akwai tabewar duhu akan fuska. Mayafin a kan yatsan hannu da kuma a cikin babba na wuyansa ya fi tsayi (har zuwa 13 cm) kuma lokacin farin ciki kuma yana samar da murfin da ke tsaye a ƙarshe kuma yana ƙaruwa da girman dabbar yayin da aka firgita ko kuma ya tsoratar.
Yaɗa
An rarraba wolf wutsiya a arewa daga bakin Kogin Parnaiba (arewa maso gabashin Brazil) zuwa gabashin Bolivia, a kudu da kewayon ya hada da Paraguay da kuma jihar Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). A baya, an kuma samo shi a kudu maso gabashin Peru, da Uruguay da kuma a arewacin Argentina (har zuwa 30 ° S), amma a cikin waɗannan yankuna, a bayyane, ya zama ƙarewa.
Olfaryar karnukan maned tana zaune a fili musamman ciyayin ciyawa da filayen kwari. Ana iya samunsa a cikin busasshen savannahs da kuma ƙarshen gandun daji na Mato Grosso, a cikin zangon Brazil, a kan tsaunukan tuddai na arewacin Paraguay da kuma cikin tsaunukan Gran Chaco. Dogon kafafu kan bashi damar sassauƙa a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi daga nesa don lura da ganima. A tsaunuka ko gandun daji, ba ya faruwa. Yana da wuya a ko'ina cikin kewayon.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Karnukan karnuka masu kyan gani suna jagorantar rayuwa mai tsayi da mara nauyi - a lokacin rana suna yawan hutawa a tsakanin ciyayi mai yawa, lokaci-lokaci suna hawa kan gajerun nesa. Maza sunfi karfin mace. Tushen tsarin zamantakewar wolanyen karnukan berayen ma'aurata ne, waɗanda ke mamaye gida ɗaya (kimanin 27 km²), amma in ba haka ba mai zaman kanta ne. Namiji da mace suna hutawa, farauta da tafiya daban. An kiyaye iyakokin shafin yanar gizon daga ɓatattun maza kuma ana alamar su da fitsari da kuma filayen da suka rage a wasu wurare. A cikin bauta, alakar da ke tsakanin mace da namiji tana kusa - suna ciyarwa kuma suna bacci tare (maza a cikin bauta suna nuna damuwa ga zuriya, suna kiyayewa da ciyar da ƙwarar kyar. Hakanan, maza cikin zaman aure suna kafa alaƙar aiki.
A cikin abincin naman wolf na maned, abincin dabba da asalin shuka yana nan a kusan daidai gwargwado. Ya fi dacewa a kan ƙananan dabbobi: rodents (agouti, Pak, tuco-tuco), zomaye, armadillos. Hakanan yana cin tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu, abubuwa masu rarrafe, kwari da kwari, ci ayaba, guava da tsirrai na gandun dajin Solanum lycocarpum. Latterarshe, a fili, yana taimaka wa karnukan karnukan dabbobin su rabu da mu da tsutsotsin katako "Dioctophyme renale), wanda ke haifar da cutar ƙodan. Hakanan yana ci Tushen da tubers na tsire-tsire iri-iri. Idan mai kyarke naman makiyaya ya kai hari kaji, lokaci-lokaci zai iya kwashe ɗan rago ko ɗan akuya. Wolves Wolves ba sa kai wa mutane hari.
Maza na karnukan karnukan maned suna yin waɗannan sauti: haushi mai zurfi, wanda za'a iya jin shi nan da nan bayan faɗuwar rana, tsawa mai tsayi, ta hanyar da karnukan karnuka, suka raba ta da nesa, suna sadarwa da juna, da kuma ɓacin ran da suke ɓoye abokan hamayyarsu.
Kiwo
Wolves Wolves ne masu aure daya. Ba a ɗanyi nazari ba. A farkon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi ya zama abin sarrafawa ne ta hanyar daukar hoto - a zaman talala, makiyan karnukan wolf a watan Oktoba - Fabrairu a Arewacin Hemisphere da a watan Agusta - Oktoba a Kudancin Amurka. Mace mai haila ta mace sau daya a shekara kuma tana daga kwanaki 1 zuwa 4.
Ciki, kamar na allurai, yana wuce kwana 62-66. Matar ta shirya tsari a cikin ciyayi mai yawa. Akwai puan kwikwiyo na 1-5 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, matsakaici - 7. ppan kwiyakwiyo a haihuwa suna nauyin 340-430 g kuma suna haɓaka cikin sauri. Idanun su a bude a ranar 9, kuma tuni a sati na 4 suka fara cin abincin da mahaifiyarsu ta sarƙe. Launinsu da fari launin toka ne, amma yayin da ya kai mako 10 sai ya canza launin ja. Lactation a cikin mace yana zuwa makonni 15. Game da sa hannun mahaifa a cikin renon yara matasa a cikin yanayin su ba a sani ba.
Vesaukakan karnukan warkoki sun isa samari shekara guda, suna zaman fursuna har zuwa shekaru 12-15.
Matsayin jama'a
Yawancin ƙyallen wolf yawanci, karatu da aka gudanar a 1964-1967 a Brazil, yanki na 650,000 km² ya nuna cewa an samo dabba 1 a kusan 300 km². Matsayi na Maned Wolf a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya yana "kusa da barazanar", wanda ke nufin "a ƙarƙashin barazana".
A wasu yankuna, wani kerkecin fata yakan kashe tumaki. Harmarfin da suke jawowa ba shi da ƙima, tun da ƙarancin wolf yana ko'ina ƙarami ne. Ciyawar daji don yin huɗa yana da amfani mai amfani ga wannan nau'in, tunda yana ƙara yankin wuraren da suka dace da mazauninsa. Koyaya, akan filayen gona mai amfani sosai, karnukan karnuka basa faruwa. Hakanan suna iya kamuwa da cututtuka, musamman kamuwa da cuta parvovirus (distemper).
Asali
Duk da kama da kyarketai, amma kerkeken ba danginsu bane. Musamman, bashi da halayyar ɗaliban dalilai na tsaye. Zuriyarsa tare da dangi Dusicyon (Falkland fox) shima ya kasance mai rigima. A bayyane yake, shine nau'in sake fasalin da ya tsira daga lalata manyan mayukan Kudancin Amurka a ƙarshen Pleistocene.
Bayanin Maned Wolf
Wannan kaddara tana da ƙafafu ƙanƙan da ƙafa. Sun yi tsawo da bakin ciki. Kuna iya faɗi "samfurin fashion." Amma, duk da tsawon ƙafafunsu, Wolves basu da ikon yin gudu da sauri.
Zamu iya faɗi cewa ba a bashi doguwar kafaɗa ba don kyakkyawa, amma don tsira a cikin yanayin halitta. Amma, a gefe guda, ƙyarkeci, da godiya ga dogayen kafafunsa, yana ganin komai daga nesa, ina ganima, kuma inda haɗari yake jiransa a cikin siffar mutum.
Kafafun wolf - wannan shine sirensa mai ban sha'awa kuma, wanda zai iya faɗi cewa, kyauta ce daga sama. Wataƙila, game da wannan kyarkeci ne da karin magana "Wolf ke ciyar da ƙafa". Tabbas, godiya garesu, kerkecike yana ganin komai.
Gashin mai farautar yana da taushi sosai. Murfin wuyansa da wuyansa sun dawwama, kamar alamun aya take. Kirji na da fadi, wutsiya takaice, kunnuwa sun yi daidai. Mayafin yayi kauri da taushi.
A cikin hoto, ƙyallen kerket ɗin maned
Kuma launi mai launin shuɗi. Chinan da ƙarshen wutsiya suna da haske. Kafafunsu sunyi duhu. A kusa da wuya, suturar ta fi tsayi fiye da jiki. Idan kyarkeci ya firgita ko yana neman tsoratarwa, to wannan asirin na gashin yana tsaye ne akan ƙare.
Saboda haka sunan "Ikon wutsiya". Wannan maƙiyin yana da hakora 42, kamar dangin canine. Muryar wannan dabbar tana da bambanci sosai, tana da bambanci dangane da yanayin. Wolves suna ta magana cikin dogon lokaci, suna ihu da ƙarfi, suna yin birgewa kuma suna tsoratar da abokan hamayyarsu da gurnani sosai, kuma lokacin faɗuwar rana suna magana da karfi.
Tsawon jikinsa kimanin santimita 125. Wutsiya kusan 28 - 32 santimita. Girman wannan dabbar ya kai kilo 22. Yawancin lokaci man Wolves Wolves zaune game da 13 - 15 years. Matsakaicin shekarun shine kusan shekaru 17. Wata cuta kamar dishalawa ta zama ruwan dare a tsakanin dabbobi (ta kuma zama ruwan dare a tsakanin kwayoyi).
Maned Wolf Face Mask
Man Wolves, kamar dukkan 'yan uwansu, yawanci ba safai suke ba. Suna farauta da daddare. Da yamma, suna hutawa. Suna da wahalar gani, tunda sun kusa karewa kuma suna tsoron bayyana kansu a gaban mutum. A lokuta na musamman ne kawai zasu iya bayyana.
Mafarautan na daukar lokaci mai tsawo - maharbin yana zaune a wani fako, yana jiran abin da zai ci kuma ya zabi lokacin da ya dace da kai harin. Manyan kunnuwa suna taimaka masa sosai wurin jin ganima, komai inda yake, ko ƙanƙane ne ko ciyayi mai tsayi, ƙafafu masu tsayi zasuyi aikinsu, suna nuna ƙyamar kyarkeci.
Maharbin tare da motsin gabansa yana kwankwasawa a kasa, kamar dai firgita abin tsoro, sannan kuma ya kama shi da sauri. A kusan dukkan lamura, ya cimma burin, ya bar wanda aka cutar da shi ba damar rayuwa.
Mata da maza a cikin yanayin halitta suna zaune a yanki ɗaya, amma suna farauta kuma suna barci dabam da juna. Amma, lokacin da dabbobi suke rayuwa a cikin bauta, suna renon yara tare.
Maza suna kiyaye yankinsu, kyarkeci ya sanya mai kutsa kai cikin wurin. Wadannan dabbobin, da dabi'a, suna da kyakkyawar mu'amala da juna. Da wuya, akwai wasu lokuta idan maƙiyi ya kai hari irin nasa.
Wolves, a cikin mahimmancin, lamuni ne kuma basa rayuwa cikin fakiti. Babu makiyi tsakanin kyarkeci a tsakanin dabbobi. Amma mutum shine babban makiyin wannan maƙiyin. Mutane sun wargaza wadannan dabbobi saboda gaskiyar cewa su masu yawan zuwa baƙi ne a cikin garkunan su.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Mafarata suna ciyar da kananan dabbobi (tsuntsaye, katantanwa, kwari, qwai), haɗiye abinci da cin amana ko kaɗan, tunda suna da jajayoyi masu rauni don ciyar da manyan dabbobi.
Ba a bunƙasa jaws ɗin yadda zai iya karya da murƙushe babban, ƙasusuwa. Hakanan, ba ma ƙi zuwa cin abinci a wuraren kiwon kaji, ta haka ne ke sanya mutum ya yaƙi kansu.
Tabbas, irin waɗannan lokuta ba sa faruwa, amma suna faruwa. Don babbar farin ciki, ba sa kai wa mutane hari, ba a taɓa yin rikodin guda ɗaya na kai harin ba.
Wolf ma yana da kyakkyawar dabi'ar mutum. Baya ga nama, waɗannan dabbobin suna cin abinci na shuka, suna fifita ayaba. Hakanan, kyarkeci suna matukar son cin irin wannan 'ya'yan itace kamar na wolfberry.
Wolfberry an dauke shi mai guba sosai, amma yana taimaka wa maharbi ya rabu da yawancin parasites waɗanda suke zaune a jikinsa. Amma, sosai ban sha'awa gaskiyacewa yayin tumatir na fure, kamar su strawberries, strawberries da sauran irinsu, mai iya cin gashin kansa yana iya haɗa su a cikin abincinsu.
Ina ne kidan wolf ke zaune?
Hoto: Dabarar Wolf na Maned
Za a iya samun kerket ɗin maned a Kudancin Amurka, a cikin jihar Mato Gosu, arewacin Paraguay, a cikin tsakiya da kuma sassan arewa maso gabashin Brazil, gabashin Bolivia. An taɓa watsa shi ko'ina cikin Argentina. Olfar wolf ta maned ta fi dacewa da yanayin dumin yanayi. A cikin tsaunuka, kyarukan wannan nau'in ba su rayuwa.
Babban wuraren da dabbar ke zaune ko za a iya samun ta:
- Yankunan daji,
- Wurare masu tsayi ko ciyawa
- Pampas,
- Yankunan kwance
- Outskirts na fadama mai cike da ciyayi.
Me kerkeken abincin ya ci?
Hoto: Yaya kamun kyar aka yi kama?
Bayan hanyar cin abinci, ƙyallen da aka yi a fili tana da iko da komai. Kalmar "omnivorous" tana nufin "ci abinci iri-iri." Daga wannan ne zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa dabbobi masu irin wannan abincin suna iya cin abinci ba kawai shuka ba har ma asalin dabbobi, har ma da jigilar dabbobi (ragowar dabbobi ko tsirrai). Wannan yana da fa'idarsa, saboda irin waɗannan dabbobi ba za su mutu da yunwar ba, saboda suna iya samun abinci a kowane wuri.
Tushen abincin wannan kyarkeci shine abincin dabbobi da asalinsu. A lokuta da yawa, waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi ne, kamar gizo-gizo, katantanwa, kwari iri-iri, hares, rodents, tsuntsaye da ƙwai, armadillos, bera. Wasu lokuta yana iya kai hari kan dabbobi (rago, kaji, alade). Ba a taɓa samun lokuta na kai hari ga mutane ba. Hakanan, yana jin daɗin 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa, ayaba, tushen ko ƙwayayen tsire-tsire, guava, abincin shuka, ganye. Ayaba sune 'ya'yan itace da suka fi so. Zasu iya cin fiye da kilo 1.5 na ayaba a cikin rana ɗaya!
Idan akwai kogi kusa, kerkeci na iya kama kifaye iri-iri, masu rarrafe. Ba ya son raba abinci. Carrion, sabanin sauran omnivores, kerkeken wukake baya ciyarwa. Muhimmin sashi na abinci a cikin ciyawar wolf na daya shine tsirrai daya na dare, wanda ke taimakawa halakar da tsutsa kwayan kwayar cutar a cikin hanjin dabbar, wanda aka sani da dutsen. An sani cewa irin wannan tsutsotsi na manya na iya isa mita 2 a tsayi. Dabbobin masu barazanar rayuwa ne.
Kafin kama ganima, kyarkeci ya kori wani dutsen, ko kuma ya goge ƙafafunsa, sannan kuma farat ɗaya. A lokuta da yawa, idan yana zaune kusa da gonaki, ya saci abinci. Yana da kyau a san cewa tsokoki na bakin sa ba su da haɓaka, don haka mafi yawan lokuta yakan hadiye ganima gabaɗaya. Daga wannan ne zamu iya yanke hukunci dalilin da yasa kerkecin da aka yi wutsiya ba ya cin nama a babban ganima.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Yanayi da masaniyar masanan kimiyya ba su da masaniya da yanayi da salon rayuwar wolf. Amma wasu daga waɗannan tabbatattun abubuwa daidai ne. A ganin mutane da yawa, kyarkeci mummunan dabba ne. Amma a zahiri, wannan ba koyaushe gaskiya bane. Halin da wolf ɗin maned ke da nutsuwa, daidaita, da hankali. Ba ya kaiwa mutane farmaki, amma a maimakon haka yana ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don kama ido. Halin karnukan wolf yana bibiyar halayen karnuka - wayo, yaudara. Wannan yanayin yana bayyana musamman idan kerkeci ya saci hannun manoma gonakinsu.
Kuma wani muhimmin fasalin shine aminci. Wolf ɗin da ke rayuwarsa yana rayuwa da mace ɗaya kaɗai. Hakanan, suna son zama mai 'yanci. Wannan ya tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa basu cikin fakitoci, saboda nufin shine a garesu da farko. Lokacin da dabbar ta yi fushi ko taurin kai, sautin da ke kusa da wuyansa ya tsaya a ƙare. Tana baiwa dabbar da mummunar magana.
Hanyar rayuwar karnukan karnuka masu ban sha'awa tana da ban sha'awa - a ranar da suke bacci, hutawa, kwanar rana, wasa, da tafi farauta da yamma ko da dare. Suna zaune shi kaɗai, ba cikin fakitoci ba. Aikin maza ya fi na mata yawa.
Mata da maza suna farauta ko hutawa dabam da juna. A cikin lokatai ne kawai suke yin lokaci tare. Wolves Wolves sukan yi magana ta amfani da wasu sautuna.
Ga kadan daga cikinsu:
- Kudin amai da karfi - yana nufin faduwar rana,
- Hayaniya mai tsayi - kuka da juna a manyan nesa,
- Muguwar magana - tsoratar da makiya
- Snort - faɗakarwar hadari,
- Kadai guda ɗaya shine a ci gaba da tuntuɓar ɗan gajeran nesa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Maned Wolves
Kamar yadda aka fada a sama, karnukan karnukan maned suna zaune tare da mace ɗaya kaɗai a rayuwarsu, ba kamar sauran dabbobi ba. Ma'auratan sun mamaye wani yanki na kusan murabba'in murabba'in 30, wanda wasu ba sa iya kusantar su. Don nuna alamar ƙasarsu, suna yi masa alama tare da fitsari ko ƙananan sassan feces a wasu yankuna. Kuma a lokaci guda, kyarkeci kawai ya fahimci wannan warin. Mutum ba zai taɓa fahimtar wannan ba a rayuwarsa.
A cikin shekara guda, karnukan karnukan kiwon dabbobin sun isa ga balaga, amma cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku ana ganin su a shirye suke don ƙirƙirar dangin nasu. Lokacin mating, kiwo ya faɗi a tsakiyar kaka, farkon lokacin hunturu. Cutar mata ta mace daga watan Afrilu zuwa farkon Yuni, ciki kuma yakai watanni biyu (kwanaki 63).A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana haihuwar 'yan kwikwiyo biyu zuwa shida (abin da ake kira sabon karnukan karnukan wolf).
An haife cuban karnukan wolf na da kankanta, tare da kimanin nauyin 200 - 400 grams. Jikinsu yana da duhu baƙi, ko launin toka da ƙaramin wutsiya mai haske. A cikin kwanakin tara na farko ba sa ganin komai. Bayan wata daya, kunnuwansu sun kusan kasancewa gaba ɗaya, halayyar launin ruwan ƙasa mai launin fata yana bayyana tare da suturar sako, an yanke haƙoran hakora. Har zuwa shekaru uku, uwa ta ciyar da 'ya'yanta da madara, da abinci mai taushi, wanda da farko ta dandana sannan sannan ta fitar.
Duk kyarkeci da mai-wolf shine ke renon yaransu. Namiji yana taimaka wa uwa sosai wajen haɓaka da kula da iyalai. Yana samun abinci, yana tsoratar da abokan gaba daga yara, yana koya musu dokokin yanayi kuma yana wasa da su da yawa.
Abokan Halittar Wolf na Maned
Masana kimiyya ba za su iya gano maƙiyan maƙiyan wolf na gaskiya ba. Wataƙila ba su bane, saboda suna abokantaka kuma suna ƙoƙarin kada su kama gaban manyan mafarauta. Amma sun aminta da gaba daya cewa babban makiyinsa mutum ne da munanan ayyukan sa. A lokaci guda, mutane ba sa buƙatar ulu ko naman wannan dabbar, dalilan suna da zurfi. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Manoma suna kashe kyarkeci kawai saboda sata dabbobinsu,
- Wasu mutanen Afirka suna amfani da fata da idanuwanta azaman talisman don magunguna,
- Sihiri,
- Karancin abinci, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cuta,
- Mutane suna sare bishiyoyi, suna ƙazantar da ruwa da iska, suna kwashe yankuna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Maned Wolf daga cikin Littafin Ruwa
Olfarancin wolf da ke ƙasa sun zama marasa ƙarfi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kwararru, babu tsofaffi sama da dubu goma da suka rage a duk duniya. Kuma a cikin Brazil akwai kawai kimanin 2000. An jera matsayin mai ƙyallen ƙyallen a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Duniya a matsayin "jinsin da ke cikin hadarin halaka". Ko da ƙarni 2 da suka wuce, ya kasance sanannen nau'in wolf a yankuna na Uruguay.
Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa Wolves Wolves suna da saukin kamuwa da irin wannan cuta kamar annoba da sauran marasa mahimmanci. Su ne suke yin barazana ga rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi.
Kariya na maned ƙyar
Hoto: Wolf Guara
A Brazil da Argentina, an gabatar da wata doka da ta hana farauta wanda ya yi kyar da wolf. Kodayake mutane da yawa suna ci gaba da lalata rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1978, masana kimiyya sun fara bincike, don fahimtar ko shin zai yiwu a hana kauda ƙarancin wannan dabba.
Hakanan, ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa na mayaƙa don rayuwar dabbobi ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa suna taimaka wa dabbobi: abinci, bi. Ana iya ganin wolf maned a cikin gidajen dabbobi, kuma wani lokacin har a cikin gidajen mutane. Abin mamaki, har ma ana iya tamedasu. Anan yana da aminci, amma har yanzu, kowane dabba zai fi dacewa. Haka kuma, karnukan karnuka suna ƙaunar samun 'yanci. Zai yi kyau sosai a rayuwa man Wolves baya cikin hadarin.
Taimako, Ina so in jaddada cewa dole ne mu kula da duniyar duniyar yanayin mu. Dabbobi da yawa suna ɓacewa daidai saboda ayyukan mutane masu haɗari. Ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba, suna lalata mazauninsu, suna kashe, suna ƙazantar da ruwa. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar kasancewa da daraja sosai ga youngeran uwanmu matasa da kar ku tsoma baki cikin rayuwarsu, in ba haka ba duk duniyar zata mutu. Dole ne koyaushe ku tuna cewa a cikin yanayi, komai yana hade, ba kawai ƙyamar maned, amma har kowane ɗan pebble yana da ma'ana.
Habitat
Wolf wolf zaune galibi a Kudancin Amurka. Ana samun mafi yawan lokuta a cikin yankin yana farawa daga ɓangaren arewa-gabashin ɓangaren Brazil kuma ya wuce zuwa gabashin Bolivia. A tsakiyar Brazil, ana ganinta a yankin lalata gandun daji. Ana kuma iya ganin wannan dabbar da ta taɓa faruwa a Paraguay da kuma a cikin ƙasar Brazil ta Rio Grande do Sul.
A cikin pampas na Argentina, wanda aka adana a cikin adadi kaɗan. Don rayuwa, kerkecin maned yana zaɓar filayen da aka haɗu da ciyawa mai tsayi da ciyayi. Yana jin daɗin jin daɗi a cikin dazuzzuka, inda yakan zauna cikin farin ciki mai nisa ko gefuna.
Zai iya tsayawa a cikin fadama, amma yana riƙe kusa da gefen, inda akwai ciyayi da yawa, kwari da ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba ya son zafin rana da ruwan sama, yanayin wurin da yake da kyau ba shi da kyau. Ba ya zaune a cikin tsaunika, a kan dutse, cikin yashi da cikin gandun daji mai yawa.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin wuraren da aka kare da kuma wuraren kiwon dabbobi, kerkecin maned yana zaune shekaru 12-15, a cikin yanayin dabi'a har zuwa shekaru 17, amma a can da wuya yayi rayuwa har zuwa wannan zamani. Dabbobi suna mutuwa a hannun masu ba da agaji, sun faɗi ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motoci, sun mutu daga kamuwa da cutar parvovirus (annoba). Andasashe da yankuna da gwamnatocin ƙasar ke raba su don bukatun noma, suna hana dabbobi ɗabi'arsu ta asali. Duk lokacin da aka tilasta yin hijira, ba kowa bane ya tsira.
Ba a kashe karnukan kyarketai na nama ko nama ba. Manoma suna harbe su saboda suna ganinsu a matsayin wata barazana ga dabbobi da kaji. Mafarauta suna jin daɗin yadda ake bin wasan.
Kuma wani sashi na mutanen yankin sun yi imani da wani tsohuwar tarihi, wadda ta ce idanun wani dabbar da ba kasafai ba, wutsiyarsa da ƙasusuwa da ikon sihiri. Saboda haka, an kama dabbar don yin talismans daga baya.
A cikin daji, karnukan karnukan dabbobi ba su da abokan gaba. Babban maqiyansu mutum ne da cuta. Masu yin fitsari suna iya kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta da mamayewa, mutane ne masu ƙarfi zasu iya jure waɗannan cututtukan, masu rauni basu tsira. A yau a duniya akwai mutane sama da 13,000, wanda kusan kusan dubu 2 ba kasafai suke zama a Brazil ba.
A cikin Uruguay da Peru, dabbobin da ba a taɓa samu ba kusan sun ɓace. Maned Wolf a cikin Littafin Jaka an yi rikodin azaman nau'in barazana. A Argentina da Brazil, yana ƙarƙashin kariyar doka, an haramta farauta gare shi.
A shekara ta 1978, Asusun Kula da Kayan Dabbobi na Duniya ya fara nazarin cikakken dabba na musamman don hana lalata nau'i mai ƙima da ƙara yawan jama'a a duniya.
Matsayi na kiyayewa ta dabbobi
Olfarancin maned na da wuya a ko'ina cikin kewayon, ana jera nau'in cikin Jerin IUCN, yana da matuƙar tabbas cewa nan gaba kadan jinsunan na iya shiga ɗayan nau'in haɗari - IUCN (NT). Hakanan an sanya wolf ɗin maned cikin jerin nau'in halittun da Yarjejeniyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta inasa da ke cikin Lalacewar Lambobin Endabilar Fauna da Flora - CITES II.
Duba kuma mutum
Kerketaccen mutum da ba shi da haɗari ga ɗan adam, amma tunda wannan dabba wani lokacin tana ɗaukar kaji, tana iya kai hari ga ɗan rago ko ɗan akuya, mutane suna bin ta. Babban dalilin rage adadin karnuka shine raguwa, wani lokacin kusan kusan bacewar kwayoyin halittu na dabi'a. A zamanin yau, kusan dukkanin savannah da suka fi dacewa da rayuwar karnukan dabbobin daji an dasa su kuma an dasa su tare da albarkatu daban-daban. An tilasta dabbobi su shiga filayen da ake nomawa inda za su iya samun abinci, amma babu wurare masu natsuwa don haihuwa da renon yara, kuma ganawa da mutane babu makawa.
Rayuwa & Tsarin zamantakewa
Karnukan karnuka masu kyan gani suna haifar da rayuwa da tsinkaye da maraice, a cikin ranar suna yawan hutawa a tsakanin ciyayi mai yawa, lokaci-lokaci suna hawa kan gajerun nesa. Maza sunfi karfin mace.
Tushen tsarin zamantakewar wolanyen karnukan berayen ma'aurata ne, waɗanda ke mamaye gida ɗaya (kimanin 27 km²), amma in ba haka ba mai zaman kanta ne. Namiji da mace suna hutawa, farauta da tafiya daban. An kiyaye iyakokin shafin yanar gizon daga ɓatattun maza kuma ana alamar su da fitsari da kuma filayen da suka rage a wasu wurare.
A cikin bauta, dangantakar da ke tsakanin mace da namiji tana kusa, suna ciyarwa kuma suna barci tare. Mazan da ke rayuwa a cikin mazauni suna kafa dangantakar dangantaka.
Rayuwa mai son rai
Wolves Wolves suna son kaɗaici. Kuna iya saduwa da wasu dabbobi kawai a lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna jagorantar rayuwa mafi aiki da maraice da dare. Da rana, dabbobi suna hutawa a cikin ciyayi, ko a cikin keken da kansa. Yayin farauta da daddare, karnukan karnuka ma suna killace yankinsu. A cikin duhu, yana godiya ga manyan kunnuwansa cewa guar yana iya jin kusancin haɗari ko ganima. Hakanan Wolves Wolves na iya tsayawa akan kafafunsu na baya don ganin mafi kyawun yanayin.
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Mata basu da karfi kamar maza. Tare da taimakon sautuna na musamman, za su iya fitar da makiya daga yankinsu ko kuma gargaɗi abokin tarayya game da haɗarin. An lura cewa guars suna da sanyi sosai ga mutane. Zuwa yau, ba a kai wani rahoto kan ’yan Adam ba.
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Abincin Wolf
Wolves sune mafarauta, amma kuma suna cin abincin tsirrai. Abincin ya hada da zomaye, kananan dabbobi, manyan kwari, kifi, mollusks, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da qwai. Abin mamaki ne cewa guars ba ƙwararrun mafarauta ne ba, tunda ba za su iya yin saurin gudu ba saboda ilimin kimiyyar lissafi (huhunsu yana da ƙaramin abu). Rashin rauni mai muƙamuƙi ya hana dabba kaiwa hari kan ganima. Yayin yajin yunwar, wasu mutane na iya haduwa cikin karamin rukuni da farauta tare.
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Kamar yadda ake shuka abinci, karnukan karnuka suna amfani da ƙwayayen shuka da asalinsu, guava, ayaba.
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