Dabbobin matsakaita, amma sun fi girma girma. Tsawon jikin daga ƙarshen murabba'i zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya a cikin maza ya kasance daga 105 zuwa 148 cm, tsayinsa a ƙasan ya kai cm 62-84. Matan sun ɗan ƙaranƙasa (tsawon jikin 100 - 121 cm, tsayi a zaƙun 54-74 cm). Babban tsawon kwanyar ya kasance daga 215 zuwa 255 mm. Tsayi mai nauyi kilogiram 16-24, har zuwa girman kilo 30-32. Jiki yana da haske, siriri, kafafu suna da bakin ciki. Matsayi mai tsayi a cikin sacrum shine 2-3 cm sama da tsayin tsayi a ƙ theƙasassu. Shugaban yana ba da alamar rougher fiye da dizelle, gaban kashin yana da ɗan faɗaɗa da kumbura. An rufe lebe na sama da gashi, kawai wani yanki mai kunkuntar fatar fata tsakanin ƙananan sasanninta na hanci kuma tare da tsakiyar lebe na sama an kiyaye su daga madubin hanci. Iris duhu launin ruwan kasa. Kunnuwa suna da gajeru, kawai 9-12 cm, tare da nuna nasihu.
Maza ne kawai ke da kaho, idan aka kwatanta da gaelles, kahon zeren sun fi ƙanƙanta da gajeru, tsawon su a lanƙwasa ba su wuce 25-28 cm ba.
Abun gyaran gashi yana da taushi, amma yana birgima a saman gashi. Babu wani tabbataccen rabuwa da shi a cikin gashin baya da kayan ado. Jawo lokacin hunturu mai kauri ne mai kauri, tsawon gashi a bayan sa ya kai cm 5. A lokacin rani, fur ya fi ƙanƙanta da gajeru, galibi kusan 2-3 cm. Goshi da kambi suna rufe da gashi mai tsayi fiye da hanci da kunci. Dogayen gashi na toshewa a gefen lebe na sama, a cikin kafafen hancinsa, yin tsinkaye da tanƙwara ƙarshen ƙasa, samar da kamannin gashin-baki da inganta haɓakar kumburin gaban ƙwallon. A baya na ciki, a cikin yankin nono, scrotum da fifiko, gashi yana da matukar illa; a lokacin rani, fatar tana haskaka cikinsu. Murmushin wutsiya da sarari kusa da dubura babu komai. Raba gashi a saman jikin daga gindi shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, duhu ya fi ƙarfi, amma kusanci zuwa saman wani ƙaramin launin rawaya a bayyane yake, ƙyalli na bakin gashi mai duhu ne. Gashi a kan launuka masu launin haske gaba daya fari ne, kuma akan launin ruwan kasa mai duhu-launin ruwan kasa.
Jeren
Dzeren, ko kamar yadda ake kira shi sau da yawa, goiter antelope yana nufin dabbobi waɗanda aka jera su a cikin Littafin Layi a ƙarƙashin matsayin wani nau'in da kusan kusan ya ɓace daga ƙasar Rasha. Abin takaici, sha'awar masana'antu a cikin wannan nau'in dabba a wani lokaci ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa nau'in kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya daga wannan yanki.
p, blockquote 1,0,0,0,0 ->
Dzeren ƙarami ne, siriri har ma daƙararren haske. Haske saboda nauyinsa ba ya wuce kilo 30 tare da tsawonsa na kusan rabin mita. Suna kuma da wutsiya - santimita 10 kawai, amma suna da waya. Kafafu na tururuwa suna da ƙarfi sosai, amma a lokaci guda na bakin ciki. Wannan ƙirar jikin yana ba su damar sauƙi da sauri shawo kan nesa mai nisa da tserewa daga haɗari.
p, blockquote 2.0,0,0,0 ->
Maza sun bambanta da na mace - suna da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi a cikin yankin a cikin maƙogwaron, wanda ake kira goiter, da ƙaho. Mata basa da kaho. Kamar yadda yake a farkon, kuma a na biyu, launi launin yashi ne, kuma kusa da ciki ya zama wuta, kusan fari.
p, blockquote 3,0,1,0,0 ->
The ƙaho daga hatsi ne in mun gwada da kananan - kawai 30 santimita ba ga. A gindi kusan sun zama baƙi, kuma kusa da saman suna zama da wuta. An danne su kadan. Tsawon tsinkaye a ƙusoshin ba ya wuce rabin mita.
p, blockquote 4,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Habitat da salon rayuwa
Wannan nau'in tururuwa yana ɗaukar filayen matsakaitan wuri a matsayin mafi kyawun wurin don kansa, amma kuma wani lokacin yakan ziyarci filayen tuddai. A yanzu, dabbar tana zaune ne a yankin Mongolia da China. Kuma a cikin karni na karshe, dzeren yana kan iyakar Rasha a adadi mai yawa - ana iya samun su a cikin yankin Altai, a Gabashin Transbaikalia da kuma Tuva. Bayan dubunnan garkunan waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune a hankali. Yanzu a cikin wadannan yankuna, ana iya samun tururuwa da wuya kuma kawai sai a lokacin hijirar su.
p, blockquote 5,0,0,0,0 ->
A Rasha, hatsi sun ɓace saboda mummunan tasirin abubuwa da yawa. Don haka, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, an kama su sau biyu saboda girbin nama. Kafin wannan, raguwar lambobinsu ya kasance saboda farauta, kuma kawai don nishaɗi - don kama tururuwa a cikin mota ba mai wahala ba kuma dabba ta mutu daga harsasai, ƙafafun mota, ko kuma kawai saboda tsoro.
p, blockquote 6,1,0,0,0 ->
Haɓaka masana'antar noma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin duk wannan - aikin haɓaka tururukan ya rage wuraren da suka dace da zama, da rage adadin ajiyar abinci. Dangane da abubuwan halitta kuwa na rage yawan dabbobi, wa annan magabatan gari ne.
p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->
A shekara ta 1961, an haramta kamun hatsi gabaɗaya, amma lamarin bai inganta ba.
p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->
Lokacin mating yana farawa a ƙarshen kaka kuma yana kusan kusan Janairu. A wannan lokacin, maza suna cirewa daga garken, kuma a hankali mata suka shiga tare da su. Don haka, ana samun “ƙera” daga namiji ɗaya da na mata 5-10.
p, blockquote 9,0,0,1,0 ->
Haihuwa kusan watanni shida ne, saboda haka ana haihuwar inan sandar a lokacin dumama. Ana haihuwar jarirai 1-2, waɗanda cikin shekaru shida suka kusan zama manya.
p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->
Halin
Dzeren wata dabba ce da ba ta son zaman kadaici kuma tana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin garken, ya ƙunshi mutane ɗari da ɗaruruwan mutane da yawa. A dabi'ance su, dabbobi suna aiki sosai - suna sauri suna motsawa daga wannan wuri zuwa wani.
p, blockquote 11,0,0,0,0 ->
Suna ciyar da galibin hatsi da ciyawa daban-daban. Amma ga ruwa, a cikin lokacin dumi, lokacin da ciyarwar ke da m, ba za su iya yi ba tare da ita na wani lokaci. Suna jan dabbobin ne da sanyin safiya da yamma, amma da rana sun fi so su huta.
p, blockquote 12,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 13,0,0,0,1 ->
Kankana yana da wuya musamman a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da kusan ba zai yiwu a sami abinci daga ƙanƙara da kankara ba. A cewar kididdigar, a halin yanzu akwai kusan mutane miliyan 1 na wannan nau'in a duniya, amma kusan dukkansu suna zaune ne a yankin Mongolia da China.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Akwai nau'ikan halittu guda uku na waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin bovids, zeren:
Ba su bambanta da kaɗan cikin bayyanar da salon rayuwa. A tsakiyar Asiya, nau'in Gazelle da ke da alaƙa da waɗannan dabbobi suna rayuwa har wa yau. A cikin yadudduka na Babban Pliocene a kan iyakar kasar Sin, an samo ragowar nau'in halittar jigilar halittar artiodactyl.
Dzeren ya rabu da layi ɗaya na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura kusan a cikin Pleistocene na sama, kafin halittar Gazella ta bayyana, wanda ke nufin asalinsu na asali. Wasu fasalulluka halittar kwayar halitta sun nuna cewa asalin kwayar halittar Procapra tana kusa da halittar dwarf antelopes Madoqua.
Wadannan kwayoyin halitta sun kasance masu yaduwa har ma a lokacin mammoth, kimanin shekaru dubu goma da suka gabata. Sun zauna a tudun-tudun na Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Asiya; tare da dumamar yanayi, sannu a hankali suka ƙaura zuwa yankunan yankin Asiya. Hatsi suna da matukar wuya. Zasu iya haye manyan sarari don neman abinci ko ruwa.
Mazaunin wannan nau'in ya bushe bushe tare da ƙarancin turf. A lokacin bazara, suna motsawa sauƙi, suna ƙaura cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi na iya shiga daji-steppe da Semi-hamada. Sukan shiga wuraren dazuzzukan daji a cikin lokacin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin da wuya a sami abinci a cikin matakan.
Zama da rarraba hatsi
Akwai nau'ikan galle-falen mallakar ƙananan yara na Procapra Hodgson, duka a halin yanzu da kuma a tarihinsu da suka gabata, suna da alaƙa da yankin tsakiyar Asiya. Anan, ga alama, magabatansu sun rabu biyu daga gangar gazelle na gama gari a cikin Babban Pliocene. A cikin yadudduka na wannan zamani a kasar Sin, tare da wasu nau'ikan gazelles, an gano ragowar siffofin wadanda har yanzu suna da cikakkiyar haɓakar pre-infraorbital fossa, kwatancen gazelles, amma premolar na ƙarshe yana da sifofin halayyar subgenus Procapra.
Dzeren ilmin halitta da salon rayuwa
Zaɓin zaɓi na mazauna cikin hunturu ta hanyar wadatar abinci da yanayin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin Mongolia, a farkon rabin lokacin hunturu, ana ajiye zere a cikin ciyawar feather da ciyawar feather. Kamar yadda wadatattun wuraren kiwo ke karuwa daga karuwar kiwo kuma idan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, dabbobi suna ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ke da ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara kuma suna da wadataccen abinci. Wasu daga cikinsu suna ƙaura zuwa arewa zuwa gaɓar koren ciyawa, alal misali, zuwa Daurian raƙuman kankara na Transbaikalia, wasu kuma, akasin haka, suna ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa tsallakewar kudu maso hamada har ma da hamada, inda waɗannan dabbobin basu taɓa shiga rani ba. A kusa da Hailar, a cikin lokacin bazara mai ƙarfi, zeren ya fi son zama a cikin kwari tare da manyan sandar yashi har ma a cikin itacen katako, yana tserewa daga iska da dusar ƙanƙara. Ziyarar ziyarar bazara zuwa tsiri-tsiri-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle kuma wani lokacin har ma ana ba da rahoton gandun daji daga wasu wurare, amma, a matsayinka na doka, waɗannan tashoshin tilastawa ne inda yake da wuya zeren tserewa daga babban abokin gaba - kyarkeci. A wasu lokuta na musamman, idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara a kan rafin, hatsi, a cikin yanayi na al'ada don guje wa aƙalla wasu wurare masu rikicewa, ana tilasta su hau kan tsaunuka don ciyar da kan tudun iska. Balaguro na hatsi na yau da kullun a cikin bazara, daga Yuni zuwa farkon Yuli daga Mongolia zuwa Chui steppes, da dawowa a ƙarshen Tropic Black, Har ila yau ana faruwa a cikin Soviet Altai.
A wasu halayen, an kiyasta tsawon motsi hatsi na ɗaruruwan kilomita. A mafi yawan yankuna, irin wadannan motsin suna da kwanciyar hankali kuma kusan ba za a iya yiwuwa ba, amma an kuma san yawan hijirar wadannan dabbobi. Tsarin ƙaurar dubunnan garkunan hatsi a Mongolia shine Andrews ya lura da yanayin ƙaurawar bazara. Yunkurin hunturu na dabbobi suna da yawa a cikin shekarun jute. Yawancin garken hatsi suna tilastawa a cikin waɗannan halayen don yin jigilar dogon lokaci kuma wani lokacin jigilar abubuwa don neman wuraren da abinci mai araha. Ya kasance a cikin irin waɗannan shekarun ne aka lura da yawan ƙwayar hatsi a arewa maso gabashin China da kuma Transbaikalia.
Tsarin Abinci na hatsi
Ganyayyaki na ganyayyaki da suka girma a mazauninsu suna zama abinci don zeren.
Ya bambanta da sauran al'ummomin da yawa, tsarin abinci ya ɗan bambanta kaɗan zuwa lokaci. A lokacin rani, tushen abinci mai gina jiki, gwargwadon lura da kuma nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin ciki, ya ƙunshi hatsi iri-iri: ciyawar ƙyallen tsuntsu, ciyawar feather, barewa. A cikin cikin mafi yawan dabbobi a cikin manyan yawa sun kasance ragowar albasa mai da yawa. Ganyayyaki su ne abinci mafi girma a cikin tsaunukan arewa maso yammacin China. A bayyane yake, da yardar rai, amma a cikin ƙaramin adadin, tsutsotsi, hodgepodge da wasu nau'ikan forbs ana cinye - Legumes da tsaba, na bakin ciki-legged, caragana, barbel, tansy da sauransu. A tsakiyar yankin, ciyawar fuka-fukin tsuntsaye ita ce babban abincin zoren a lokacin hunturu, amma a cikin tsarukan arewaci a wannan lokacin da yawancin speciesan adam ke shiga cikin abincin wannan dabbar.
Subfamily - ainihin tururuwa
Littattafai:
1. I.I. Sokolov "Fauna na USSR, Ungulates" Gidan Buga na Kwalejin Kimiyya, Moscow, 1959.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Tsarin dabbobi
Girmansa ya yi kama da barewar Siberian, amma tare da mafi girman jiki, gajerun kafafu da saukar da baya. Dabba tana da kafafu na bakin ciki tare da kunkuntar hannaye da babban kai. Dansandan yana da girma kuma mai kaifin baki tare da kananan kunnuwa - 8-13 cm. Tsawon wutsiya shine cm 10 cm.Wadannan artiodactyls suna da kyawun gani kuma suna ganin hadarin daga nesa, suma suna da yanayin haɓaka da ƙamshi. Saurare a cikin tsaunuka, inda yanayin iska yake sau da yawa, ba mahimmanci bane.
Babban girma
Namiji a cikin ƙhersƙasassun sun kai 80 cm, kuma a cikin sacrum - har zuwa cm 83. Mata sun kasance karami, suna da waɗannan adadi 3-4 cm ƙasa. Tsawon jikin mutum a cikin maza daga guntu har zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya shine 105-150 cm, a cikin mace - 100-120 cm. Maza sunkai kimanin kilogiram 30-35, suna kaiwa kilo 47 ta kaka. A cikin mata, nauyin yana daga 23 zuwa 27 kg, yana kaiwa har zuwa kilogiram 35 zuwa lokacin kaka.
Kusa
Lokacin yana da watanni biyar, maza suna da raye a goshinsu, kuma a watan Janairu an yi wa kawansu kawunan ƙaho har zuwa 7 cm, wanda ke girma cikin rayuwa duka, har ya kai cm 20-30. Fitowar su tana kama da taɗi, a tsakiya tare da lanƙwasa baya, kuma zuwa saman - zuwa ciki. Theahonan da ke sama masu laushi, launin toka mai haske tare da rawaya mai ruwan shuɗi. Kusa da tushe, suna da duhu kuma suna da kauri a cikin nau'ikan rollers daga guda 20 zuwa 25 inji mai kwakwalwa. Matan suna kaho.
Goiter
Maza na Mongolian dzeren suna da wani bambancin halayyar - ƙoshin farin ciki tare da babban maƙogwaro. Sakamakon bullowarta a gaba ta hanyar rugujewa, tururuwa ta sami suna na tsakiya - goiter. Yayin balaga, wannan wurin a cikin maza ya zama mai launin toka mai duhu tare da ɗanɗano mai haske.
Wool
A lokacin rani, artiodactyl yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske, launin yashi a baya da bangarorin. Lowerashin ɓangaren wuyansa, ciki, croup, kafaɗun ɓangare farare ne. Wannan launi yana saman wutsiya a baya. A cikin hunturu, ulu ya zama mara nauyi, ba tare da rasa yashi ba, kuma tare da sanyi ya fi tsayi kuma ya zama mai kyalli, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa bayyanuwar Mongolian tururuwa ta canza. Dabba ya zama ya zama girma, ya fi kauri. Dogon gashin kai ya bayyana akan goshi, kambi da kuma cheeks. A saman lebe na sama da a gefen gashi, ƙarshen ya lankwashe zuwa ciki, yana ba da alamar gashin baki da kumburi.
Mayafin yana da taushi ga taɓawa, babu wani rarrabe rabuwa da kashin baya da suturar fata. Endsarshen gashi suna da ƙarfi. Dabbobi suna yin molt sau biyu a shekara - a cikin bazara da kaka. A watan Mayu-Yuni, hunturu yana da tsawo (har zuwa 5 cm) kuma gashi mai gashi ya faɗi ga shreds, sabon riguna na rani (1.5-2.5 cm) ya bayyana a ƙarƙashinsa. A watan Satumba, ungulate ya sake fara yin kauri da zafi.
Ina hatsi yake zaune?
Hoto: Dzeren Antelope
Matattarar Mongolian suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan China, Mongolia. A yayin ƙaura suna shiga cikin tudu na Altai - kwari na Chuy, yankin Tuva da kuma kudancin gabashin Transbaikalia. A cikin Rasha, har yanzu akwai wuri guda ɗaya na zama na dindindin na waɗannan artiodactyls - territoryasar Daursky Reserve. Tan Tibet dzeren ya ɗan ɗan girma fiye da haɓakar dangin Mongoliyarsa, amma yana da ƙaho mafi ƙanƙan nesa. Gidajen zama a China shine Qinghai da Tibet, a Indiya - Jamma da Kashmir. Wannan nau'in ba a tattara a cikin garken dabbobi, suna zaɓan filayen tuddai da filastar dutse don zama.
Dzeren Przhevalsky yana rayuwa ne a cikin yanayi na halitta a gabashin hamadar Ordos ta kasar Sin, amma yawancin jama'a suna cikin ajiyar bakin gabar kogin Kukunor na kasar Sin. A cikin karni na XVIII. Mongolian tururuwa ya zauna a Transbaikalia ko'ina cikin yankinpepe. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi sun yi ƙaura zuwa arewa zuwa Nerchinsk, suna shiga taiga yayin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara, suna ƙetare jerin tsaunuka da aka rufe da gandun daji. Lokacin hunturu na yau da kullun a cikin waɗannan yankuna ana iya yin hukunci da sunayen masu rai tare da sunayen dabbobi (Zeren, Zerentui, a cikin Buryat zeren - Zeeren).
A cikin karni na XIX. gidaje da yalwar antelopes a cikin Transbaikalia ya ragu sosai. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar wargajewar taro yayin farauta da mutuwarsu a cikin lokacin sanyi. Yankunan daga China da Mongolia sun ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe, a cikin garuruwan, an samar da naman waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa don bukatun sojojin. A shekaru 20 masu zuwa, siyar da makami na farauta da masu farautar namun daji ya lalata dabbobin a Transbaikalia, Altai da Tuva.
Me ke cin hatsi?
Hoto: Dzereny a Transbaikalia
Babban abincin da ke zaune a gote shine ciyayi na steppes, a wuraren da suka saba zama. Abincinsu ya bambanta kaɗan a cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa daga canjin yanayi na shekara.
A lokacin rani, waɗannan tsire-tsire ne na hatsi:
Forbs, cinquefoil, albasa mai yawa, albasa, tansy, saltwort, garin tsutsa, ganyayyaki daban-daban suna cinye su cikin sauki. Partangare na abinci yana ƙunshe da harbe-fure na bishiyoyin caragan da mashaya. A cikin hunturu, dangane da mazauninsu, babban kashi a cikin menu na tururuwar Mongolian yana faɗuwa akan tobs, ciyawar fatar tsuntsaye ko tsutsa. Wormwood an fi son shi, ya kasance mafi ƙoshin abinci fiye da sauran tsirrai da ake samu ta lokacin hunturu kuma ya ƙunshi ƙarin furotin.
Duk da yawan ɗumbin dabbobi, babu wani tashin hankali game da ciyawar a cikin matakan, tunda garken ba ya dade a wuri guda. A lokacin rani, zai iya komawa zuwa ga bayaninsa bayan makonni 2-3, kuma a cikin lokutan sanyi - bayan wasu watanni ko ma shekaru.A wannan lokacin, murfin ciyawa yana da lokaci don murmurewa. Antelopes cizo kawai a saman ciyawa, haifar da tillering da kuma ciyayi na biyu.
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna sha kadan, suna gamsu da danshi wanda ke fitowa daga ciyawa. Ko mata ba sa zuwa wurin shayarwa na mako ɗaya ko sati biyu a yayin haihuwar. Yawan ruwan yau da kullun ta waɗannan artiodactyls ya zama dole a cikin bazara da kaka, lokacin da babu dusar ƙanƙara, kuma tsirrai na steppes har yanzu sun bushe. A lokacin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara ko dusar ƙanƙara tana zama tushen danshi; a lokacin dumi, waɗannan rafuka ne, koguna, har ma da tafkuna na gishiri.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Siberian Dzeren Antelope
Mafi girman ayyukan wadannan dabbobin yayin rana yana faruwa da maraice, sanyin safiya da farkon rabin rana. Suna bacci da rana, haka kuma a cikin na biyu na dare. Yana da wuya ga tururuwa su shawo kan sararin dusar ƙanƙara, don yin tafiya a kan ɓawon burodi. A kan kankara, kafafunsu suka rabu, a can suke motsawa cikin gungu, suna tallafawa juna. Dzeren ba su samun abinci daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara ba, idan kaurin murfin ya fi 10 cm, suna matsawa zuwa wasu yankuna.
A ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli, jariran da ke nauyin kilogiram 3.5-4 suka bayyana a cikin garken. Suna tashi zuwa ƙafafunsu sa'a daya bayan haihuwa, amma kwana ukun farko na kwance cikin inuwa da ganye mai tsayi. Mace mata za su yi kiwo a nesa a wannan lokacin, don kada su jawo hankalin masu farauta, amma a koyaushe a shirye suke don kauda kai daga harin da ayaba ko gaggafa. Yara kan tashi ne kawai a lokacin ciyarwa. Idan wani hari ya faru a irin wannan lokacin, to da farko syan sun gudu daga mai bin mahaifiyarsu, sannan su faɗi kuma a binne su a cikin ciyawa.
Kodayake 'yan maruƙa suna karbar madara nono har zuwa watanni 3 zuwa 5, suna gwada ciyawa bayan makon farko. Bayan kwanaki 10 zuwa 12, dabbobin sun bar wurin haihuwar tare da jarirai. A lokacin rani, manyan garkunan dabbobi tare da zuriya masu girma suna motsawa kusa da karamin yanki. Irin waɗannan motsin suna hana ciyayi su ragu. A lokacin hunturu, wasu daga cikin yaran sun rabu da uwayensu, amma wasu suna ci gaba da kasancewa tare da su har zuwa lokacin haihuwar ta gaba. Kuma kawai har tsawon ɗan lokaci maza basu yarda da su ga halayensu ba.
Da kaka, ƙaura ke samun ƙaruwa, wasu dabbobi suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wuraren wuraren kiwo na bazara, sauran kuma suna ci gaba da gaba, suna kama babban yanki. Hijira daga Maris yana da saurin zama; garkunan sukan taru a kowace shekara a wuraren da ake haihuwar su.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Mongolian Dzeren
Dzeren ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin garken dabbobi har zuwa mutum dubu uku, wannan lambar ta rage tsawon makonni. Kafin lokacin kiwo da kuma lokacin hijira, an hada garke da yawa zuwa babban gungu na sama da raka'a dubu arba'in. Lokaci-lokaci, suna fada zuwa kananan kungiyoyi. Misali, a cikin hunturu, a lokacin taruwa, da kuma lokacin bazara, a lokacin calving, amma garke da kanshi ya tara bayan hunturu cikin kusancin wannan wuri.
Dabbobin sun haɗu da jinsi da na shekaru, amma yayin ƙaura na kaka, ƙungiyoyin da suka ƙunshi maza ne kawai suka tashi. A yayin samarwa, ananan ƙananan garkunan mace tare da jarirai da garkunan maza suma suna bayyana. A lokacin hada-hada, al'umma sun kasu kashi biyu, wanda namiji ke jagoranta, akwai masu neman aure guda daya da kuma wani garke daban da basa shiga cikin wasannin matsi.
Yin garken dabbobi a manyan wuraren buɗe ido yana da halaye masu kyau:
- a cikin amfani da wurin kiwo,
- a lokacin hijira
- lokacin gudu daga makiya
- domin aminci da ciyar da hutawa,
- lokacin wucewa cikin tsananin dusar kankara da kan kankara.
Shugabannin hatsi manya ne mata, za a iya samun da yawa. Game da haɗari, garken ya kasu kashi biyu, kowane shugaba yana cire wani yanki daga danginsa. Mace sun fara farawa a karon farko a shekara da rabi, kuma maza sun manyanta shekara biyu da rabi. Ba koyaushe mazan maza ke ba matasa damar shiga cikin wasannin mating ba. Aikin jima'i na maza ya fara bayyana ne a rabin na biyu na Disamba kuma ya kasance har zuwa farkon Janairu.
Hatsi masu yawa, maza sun yi aure tare da wasu mutane da yawa. Representativesungiyar wakilai masu ƙarfi za su iya riƙe mata har zuwa 20-30 a ƙasarsu. A lokacin rana, adadinsu na iya bambanta, wasu sun buge, wasu suna barin ko sun zo da son ransu.
Goiter tururuwa ake halin da koma wuri guda don calving. Karo na farko da mace ta haihu a cikin shekaru biyu. Cutar ciki tana kimanin kwanaki 190. Lokacin haihuwar cikin garken ya kasance kasa da wata daya, tsayinsa, lokacin da aka haife kashi 80% na mata, yakan dauki kimanin mako guda.
Abokan gaba na Hatsi
Hoto: Littafin Dzeren Red
Don ƙananan 'yan maruƙa, haɗari yana wakiltar Pallas, ferrets, foxes, gaggafa. A cikin hunturu, gaggafa na zinari na iya farautar manya, amma babban abokin gabarsu shine ƙyarkeci. A lokacin rani, karnukan kyarkeci suna da rauni a cikin ƙawancen ƙaya, tunda waɗannan dabbobin zasu iya haɓaka saurin da yafi ƙarfin ɗanɗano. A cikin lokacin dumama, babban garken hatsi ya lalace biyu, yana barin mai ƙetare. A lokacin rani, ƙyamar kyarkeci na iya zama misali na marasa lafiya ko raunuka.
A yayin kiwon dabbobi, karnukan karnuka ma suna kula da zuriyarsu kuma ba sa yin nesa da hanya, wanda ke kusa da asalin ruwa, yayin da tururuwa ba sa zuwa rami na ruwa kwanaki. Jariri na iya zama mai sauƙin ganiya ga karnukan waliyai idan suna kan hanyarsu kusa da yankin da ake kiwon garken. A wannan yanayin, iyalai guda sun sami damar cinye 'yan maruƙa biyar a rana.
A cikin kaka da bazara, maƙeran fata launin toka sun yi kwanton shara, waɗanda ba su da yawa sosai a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Ana iya kama maza a cikin hakoran wolf yayin tsere, a watan Disamba, kuma ya raunana mutane a farkon bazara, a cikin Maris. Mafarautan sun yi amfani da farauta ta dab-da-baya, lokacin da wasu dabbobin suka yi garkuwa da garke, inda dukkan karnukan karnukan wutan suna jiran dabarar.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa game da wannan nau'in artiodactyls: lokacin da suka ga haɗari, suna yin sautikan halayyar tare da hanci, suna busa iska ta ƙarfi. Hakanan majanjan yana hawan sama don tsoratar da abokan gaba da murkushe ƙafafunsu, kuma suna guduwa kawai da haɗarin rayuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Zabaykalsky Dzeren
Kimanin dubu goma dabbobi ne na dabbobin Tibet na waɗannan tururuwa. Prrenwalski's dzeren ba kasada ba - kusan mutum dubu ne. Mongolian dzeren ya ƙidaya mutane fiye da dubu 500, a cewar wasu rahotanni - har zuwa miliyan. A cikin Transbaikalia, bayan cikakken bacewar wannan nau'in artiodactyls a cikin 70s na karni na karshe, maido da yawan jama'a ya fara.
A cikin reshen Daursky, sun fara haihuwar waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa tun daga 1992. A shekarar 1994, an kafa yankin da ke da kariya na Dauria tare da yankin da yakai kadada miliyan 1.7. A cikin shekarun nin nin da ke Tsakiya da Mongolia ta Tsakiya an samu ci gaban sosai game da yanayin maganin goiter. Sun fara komawa tsoffin yankuna da fadada yankin ƙaura zuwa Transbaikalia. Binciken bayanan da aka samo daga lura da wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa a gabashin Mongolia ya nuna cewa a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata yawan mutanen dake wurin sun ragu sosai.
Dalilan wannan abin mamakin sune:
- aikin hakar ma'adinai na ƙasa,
- gina hanyoyi a cikin ƙauyukan artiodactyl,
- ayyukan noma na mutane
- lokaci-lokaci na barkewar cuta sakamakon raguwa a cikin yawan abokan gaba.
Yanayin yanayi mai tsauri a farkon farkon dubunnan ya haifar da kwararar kwararar Mongolian zuwa Rasha. Wasu daga cikinsu sun zauna a cikin tsibirin Transbaikal, a cikin yankin Tabkuna na Torean. Yanzu mazaunin ƙungiyoyin da ke zaune a waɗannan wurare sun fi 5.5 dubu m2. Yawansu ya kai kusan dubu 8, kuma yayin hijira daga Mongolia ya kai dubu 70.
Mai gadi Zeren
Dangane da alamomin da aka kiyasta na Kungiyar IUCN Red List, matsayin kiyayewa na Mongolian dzeren a cikin yankin Rasha yana kunshe a cikin rukuni na farko na littafin Red a matsayin nau'in barazana. Hakanan, an haɗa wannan dabbar a cikin Litattafan Red na Tuva, Buryatia, Altai da Transbaikalia. Antelope ya ba da shawara don haɗawa cikin sabon bugu na Red Book of Russia. A cikin Mongolia, dabbar tana zaune a wani yanki mai fa'ida, don haka a cikin Jerin Rukunin Gari na IUCN yana da matsayin nau'in halittar da ke haifar da damuwa kaɗan.
An sanya dokar hana farauta ta wannan hanyar a kasarmu cikin shekaru 30 na karnin da ya gabata, amma rashin yardarsa ya haifar da daukacin jinsin. Maido da yawan zeren a Transbaikalia ya fara ne da karuwa a kariya da babban aikin ilimi a tsakanin alumma. Sakamakon irin waɗannan matakan, yana yiwuwa a canza halin mazaunan karkara zuwa tururuwa, sun daina ɗaukar shi a matsayin baƙon da ya zo daga wasu yankuna na ɗan lokaci.
Halin yawan hatsi a Rasha yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da sanya idanu akai-akai, wanda zai ba da damar gano lokaci na canje-canje a cikin yawan jama'a. A saboda wannan, an riga an tsara shirye-shirye na musamman don kulawa da kula da dabbobi da aiwatar da su.
Dabararren haƙora haƙora ɗaya ce daga tsohuwar nau'in artiodactyls, har yanzu ba'a yi barazanar ƙarewa ta duniya ba. Kasancewar wannan jinsin a doron duniya ba damuwa bane, amma hatsi shine batun wasu babban taron duniya da yarjejeniyoyi. Ci gaba da ayyukan ilimi zai dawo da yawan waɗannan dabbobin a wuraren da suka saba zama a Rasha.
