Lemon tsami 'yan kananan halittu ne daga dangin hamster da kuma suble, wanda wasu jigogi da nau'ikansu ke wakilta. Rodents sun fi so su zauna a cikin tundra da gandun daji-tundra, inda suke sabanin bangarori na fauna na gida. Tare da raguwa mai yawa a cikin yawan waɗannan dabbobin, rugujewar ƙanana da yawa, da suka hada da mujiya da biri, foctic arctic da ermine, zasu fara. Sabili da haka, har ma da waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi zasu iya taka muhimmiyar rawa ga yanayin tundra.
A waje lemmings suna da alaƙa da sanannun hamsters da voles, amma mafi kusancin dangi na wadannan halittu shine pillle pestle. Saboda wannan, ana kiran su faski mafi yawan pola.
Bayani da sifofin dabba
Kusan dukkan dabbobi da cikakken lafiya-ciyar da m jiki. Kuma ba shi da matsala ko wace karamar hukuma suka kasance ko kuma wacce garin da suke zaune. Yaro ya girma zuwa santimita 10-15 a tsayi kuma ya samu girma daga gram 20 zuwa 70. Dabbobin suna tsaye tare da gajerun kafafu, kuma a cikin wasu an gabatar dasu a cikin nau'ikan hoof-rostos peculiar hoof-plastics. Rodents suna da gajeren wutsiya tare da tsayin daka bai wuce santimita 2 ba. A lemmings shugaban yana daɗaɗɗen elongated, da mucks ne m. Eyesan ƙaramin dutsen ado suna da kyan gani daga bango na ƙananan kunnuwa da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lokacin farin ciki na Jawo.
Amma ga aski, ana wakilta shi da farin ciki mai yawa da gashi mai matsakaici. Sakamakon wannan fasalin, ƙwayoyin wuta suna jure yanayin matsanancin yanayi a yanayin sanyi na 35. Kari akan haka, wasu mutane suna da kauri a kafafunsu - irin wannan “murfin dumi”. Ana iya fentin lemun tsami a cikin monophonic, launin toka-mai launin ruwan kasa ko launi mai motley. A matsayin abin rufe fuska, fur ɗin ta zama haske sosai ko fari gaba ɗaya.
Rayuwa Tsakanin Lamburan Inda Lemming zaune
Dabba ya fi son tundra da tundra-daji, wanda aka samo a cikin yankuna na arewacin Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Mahimmin yanki na yawan jama'a located a tsibiran na Arctic Ocean.
Dabbobin sun saba da salon rayuwarsu, wasu ƙananan gungun suna samar da yanayi ne kawai a cikin hunturu, lokacin da suke buƙatar yin ɗamarar da ta saba saboda zafin jiki. Wani yana yin burrows mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, wani yana zaune a cikin matsuguni tsakanin duwatsu, ƙarƙashin gaggan bishiyoyi da tsintsaye. Wasu mutane suna zaune kai tsaye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, alhali ba sa hibernate, suna aiki a duk tsawon shekarar.
Tare da karuwa a zazzabi a lokacin bazara da bazara, wakilan nau'ikan jinsin sun fara ƙaura zuwa yankin tare da wadataccen abinci na abinci. Matan da suka haihu ba sa barin asalinsu a lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin hunturu mara sanyi. Hakanan, maza suna ta motsawa koyaushe, suna motsawa ko'ina cikin ƙasa don neman abinci. A wajen mata yana iya kasancewa daga nisan murabba'in 2 na yankin sa, kodayake a soke shi daga wasu dabbobin, waɗannan dabbobin basu nuna wani tashin hankali ba yayin shiga shafin su.
Yawancin rodents suna aiki Dare biyu da rana, amma yanayin rayuwa kamar haka,
- yanayin aiki yana ɗaukar awa 3,
- Sa'o'i 1.2 daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi guda uku suna cin abinci,
Abin da leming daji na iya ci
Haɗin abincin abincin lemmings an ƙaddara shi da nau'in halitta da kuma halayen yankin da yake zaune. Misali, wani yanki mai muhimmanci na yawan jama'a ya fi son:
- mham
- lasisi
- sedge
- hatsi
- ganye
- haushi na bishiyoyi masu lalacewa.
Wasu mutane suna cin namomin kaza, berries da ƙananan kwari. Dabbobi na iya adana abinci mai yawa a cikin burrows na musamman - waɗanda ake kira firiji na zahiri. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi za su iya cin abinci na tushen daskararre.
A rodent ci abinci mai yawa a rana. Misali, nauyinta ninki biyu ne. A sakamakon haka, a cikin shekara zai iya cin kusan kilo 50 na kayan abinci iri-iri. Abu ne mai sauqi ka gano kowane abu. A mazauninsu zai kasance tsire-tsire na murfin ƙasa mai cike da farashi, lasisi da mosses suna nan. Amma wuraren da dabbobin ke rayuwa, da sauri sun mamaye da sabon abinci, don haka suna banal a lokaci don tabbatar da wadatar yunwar, saboda Yanayi da sauri ya sanya komai a inda yake.
Kan aiwatar da kiwo lemmings
Tsarin daji na daga cikin mafi girman ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, kamar yadda halittu da yawa na iya haifan zuriya cikin shekara.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa game da yanayin rayuwar ƙwaro wanda shine gaskiyar cewa bayan hadi, namiji ya bar mace kuma baya haifar da iyali tare da shi. Lokacin haila yana kimanin sati uku. Namiji yakan haifi 'ya'ya mata a cikin gida mai dumin cikian rufe shi da farin gansakuka ko ciyawa mai bushe. A wani lokaci, zata iya haihuwar daga kananan halittu biyu zuwa tara. Theaukar nauyin jariri shine gram 1.9-2.3. Dabbobin makafi marasa hankali suna girma da sauri kuma suna samun 'yanci. Mataki na karshe na rayuwa yana faruwa ne da shekaru uku. Lokacin da suka juya kwanaki 11-12, sai suka fara gani a fili, kuma ba da daɗewa ba zasu fara yin zangon farko daga rami.
Mace mai yawan gaske na iya samar da tsakanin 'yayansu biyu zuwa biyar a shekara, kuma tsarin canjin yanayin yakan fara kwanaki 3-4 bayan haihuwa.
Ana kiran saurayi karami lokacin da ya cika watanni biyu, yayin da a cikin mace wannan lokacin ya fara tun yana makonni 3 da haihuwa. Lemon tsami bai wuce shekara 1-2 ba.
Babban nau'in lemmings
A dabi'a, akwai nau'ikan lemings 4, waɗanda nau'ikan da yawa ke wakilta. Bakwai daga cikinsu suna zaune ne a yankin Federationasashen Rasha. Na sanannen jinsunan:
- kurmin daji
- Lemon Siberian
- Lemming Yaren mutanen Norway
- ungulate lemming,
- Amur Lemming.
Gandun daji
Lean wasan daji na haduwa a kan ƙasar Norway da kuma a cikin tiga na Rasha har zuwa ƙananan kogin Kolyma. Sun fi son gandun daji mai yawa daga disiferous, disiduous ko yanayi mai hade. Gaskiyar ita ce akwai wadataccen abinci na abinci, wato gansakuka - ainihin abincinsu. A waje, lemmings gandun daji suna kama da voles na daji, amma girman tsohon ya fi ƙanana. Wani dattijo yana da jiki mai santimita 8-13 wanda nauyinsa ya kai gram 20-38. Tsawon wutsiya da wuya ya wuce santimita 2.
Wakilan lemmings na gandun daji ya bambanta da sauran nau'in a cikin launi na gashinsu. Zai faru da su su zama launin toka ko baƙi, tare da bayyana launin shuɗi-baki a bango. An lullube jikin mutum samfurori tare da dogon tabo wanda ya rufe wani muhimmin sashi na baya da wuya. Mayafin yayi haske ƙarfe haske tare da haske tabarau.
A cikin abincin da ake amfani da lemmings na gandun daji, babban wurin yana mamaye gansakuka tare da nau'ikansa da yawa (kore, sphagnum, hepatic). Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, za a iya tantance matsayin lemmings ta halayen bald a cikin nau'ikan sassan da ke da tsari. Tushen abinci na ƙananan ƙwayoyi zai iya haɗawa da lasisi da dawakai. Ba za su ci ciyawa da ganye ba.
Yawan gandun daji ana iya rage lemuwa. Kuma dukda cewa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ana ganin barkewar annoba ta dabbobi a cikin dabbobi, suna wuce gona da lokaci.
Dabbobin za su iya jure wa cutar tularemia da encephalitis mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Lemon Siberian
An dauki mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda ke zaune a cikin tundra na Eurasia, wato a arewaci da arewa maso yamma na Tarayyar Rasha da wasu tsibiran na Tekun Arctic. Tsawon tsararraki mai tsayi da wuya ya wuce santimita 12-18 tare da adadin 45 zuwa 130 grams. Manuniya na nauyi da tsawo na maza ya wuce alamomin mace. Dabbobin suna bambanta da launi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da launin toka mai haske da launin ruwan kasa.
Wani baƙar fata yana gudana daga bakin hanci zuwa wutsiya tare da bayan. Rodents suna da m tarnaƙi da kuma cheeks tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Wasu mutane suna da rariyar duhu a idanu da kuma kusa da kunnuwa.
Mahimmin yanki na yawan jama'a tare da baƙar fata akan barori da aka samo a tsibirin Novosibirsk da tsibirin Wrangel.
A cikin hunturu, furcin leberings na Siberian ya sami haske mai launi maras kyau. Yawancin lokaci yana da farin tsarkakakke, wanda ke ba dabbobin da kyawawan kayan kyamara.
Tsarin leberian na Siberian suna ba da muhimmin sashi na rayuwarsu a karkashin dusar kankara ta musamman wuraren girke-girke. Ba sa yin ƙaura kuma suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yankin. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa rodents suna matsawa zuwa wuraren da ke da ɗanɗano, kuma a lokacin rani suna tono ramuka mai tsawo a cikin tsaunuka ko amfani da mafaka na asali, inda za su ci abincin shuka.
Su waye ne lemmings?
Lemon tsami ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa ne na dangin hamster. A kan ƙasarsu akwai kusan nau'ikan 20 A waje guda, duk suna kama da juna. Jikin lemambi mai kauri ne, 15 cm tsayi, wutsiyar gajere ce, cm 2 kacal .. Kanta tana da launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi, duhu akan bango, na iya zama launin toka-toka ko motley.
Earsanan kunnuwan suna ɓoye cikin Jawo, paws are short. A cikin manyan lemmings, claws girma a kan goshin by hunturu. Su, kamar ciyayi, suna yin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu don neman abinci.
Hoofed lemmings
Ina ne lemmings suke zaune
Mazaunin waɗannan dabbobin sune wuraren tundra da gandun daji-tundra. Baya ga Arewacin Amurka, Eurasia, ana iya ganin su a tsibiran Tekun Arctic.
Lemon tsami suna zaune a cikin minks, wanda suke haƙa kansu. Burrows suna wakiltar babban adadin hanyoyin iska. Sau da yawa suna ƙirƙirar nau'in microrelief na tundra kuma suna shafar ciyayi.
A cikin hunturu za su iya shirya nests dama a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara.
Lemon tsami a cikin dusar ƙanƙara
Kuma a cikin lokacin dumi suna yin gida a rami.
Abin da ya sa lemmings sau da yawa irin
Maza basa zama a cikin gida, kullun suna matsawa neman abinci. Mata suna balaga tun yana wata biyu da haihuwa kuma suna da yawan gaske wanda sukan kawo zurfin dabbobi sau 6 a shekara. Guda 5 zuwa 6 ana haihuwar su.
Irin wannan takin na taimaka wa dabbobi su kiyaye adadi. Gaskiyar ita ce rawar da suka taka a rayuwar yawancin mazaunan tundra tana da girma. Ruwan lemon tsami sune miya a gare su. Akwai wasu lokuta lokacin da dabbobin ke kiwo da yawa kamar yadda aka saba - kamar fasasshen kafet suna rufe saman tundra. Sannan duk masu kafaffun fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai hudu kuma suna cinye ne kawai. Mafi yawan lokuta ana farauta su da weasels, ermines, foxes, Wolves har ma da barewa.
Bayani game da Layya
Sakamakon wannan, ana samun ƙarin cuba cuban dabbobi a cikin dabbobi, kuma tsuntsaye suna sa ƙwai da yawa.
Dolayen hauren gilasai da dawakai na arctic a lokacin da ake karancin lemmings basa fara kiwo kwata-kwata.
Rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki
Lemmings irin har a cikin hunturu. A saboda wannan, an shirya duk ƙauyuka na mazaunan ciyawa mai shimfiɗa tare da lambobin wurare da yawa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Suna ciyar da nan da nan a kan sassan masu laushi na tsire-tsire. Suna son sedge da ciyawa auduga more. Bayan wintering, duka tundra an strewn tare da ragowar wani peculiar shuka rag daga nests da droppings. A lokacin bazara, a lokacin dusar kankara, tundra alama ta gurbata daga wannan.
Suna cin ƙamus da yawa. Tare da nauyin 70 grams kowace rana, dabba ɗaya tana cin abincin shuka sau 2 nauyinta. Har tsawon shekara wannan adadi ya tara kilo 50.
Lemation kusa da mink bazara
A lokacin dumi, ana iya ganinsu sau da yawa. Wani lokaci yakan briskly gudana tsakanin kumburi. Hoton wani lemming zaune kusa da mink yayi kama da ban dariya.
Zama yayi a kan wutsiyar furry mai kauri, dabba tayi saurin girgiza gaban ta, kamar tana son tsoratarwa. A lokaci guda, ya fashe da kuka da ƙarfi.
Neman abinci, dabbobi dole ne su yi ƙaura don yin nisa. Suna tafiya shi kaɗai, amma saboda yawan adadi ga alama sun bata cikin garken.
Suna iya tsallake koguna, wuce kowane ƙauyuka. Kuma ko da yake sun iyo sosai, yawancinsu suna mutuwa cikin ruwa. Kuma a ƙasa - a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motocin.
Wasu lokuta adadin lemmings zasu zama da yawa sosai. Daga nan, saboda wani dalili mara fahimta, sai suka watse suka fara matsawa kudu, ba tare da tsoron komai ba kuma suna mutuwa a hanya. Suna isa tekun, sai su shiga cikin ruwa kuma nutsar da su.
Kashe kansa
Ana iya lura da irin wannan hoton "kisan kai" a cikin lemunan Yaren mutanen Norway. Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba za su iya ba da takamaiman dalilin wannan sabon abu ba. Haɗa tare da rashin abinci, kuma tare da aikin rana, kuma tare da rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin neuroendocrine. Kawo ya zuwa yanzu babu wanda ya sami damar bayar da cikakken amsar.
Shin kana son sanin wace dabba ce zata mutu da yunwar idan ta daina cin abinci na akalla awanni 5? To a gare ku anan!
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
