Osprey ya kusan cin abincin kifi na musamman. Sai kawai lokacin da ruwa a cikin tafki yake da laka, shin yakamata yaci kwaɗi da ƙananan ƙwayoyi, wani lokacin ma har da bi da duwatsun da dusar ƙwari. Yayin farauta, osprey yana fara jujjuya iska a sama a tsauni, sannan ya nutse zuwa tsawon 20-30 m kuma ya fara yin gudu akan ruwa. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, yakan tsaya yana rataye a sararin sama, yana juyawa fukafukinsa don saka idanu a kan kifin da aka gani. Bayan haka, shimfida ƙafafunsa a gaba, osprey da sauri ya fada cikin ruwa a wani kusurwa zuwa farfajiya kuma ya ɓace a ƙarƙashin raƙuman ruwa.
Bayan haka, tsuntsu nan da nan zai fito a saman jikinsa ya tafi da kayansa, ya kai shi wurin da babu shi. Mafi sau da yawa, osprey yakan kama kifi mai nauyin 200-400.
OCOPA DA MAN
Na dogon lokaci, mutane sun dauki osprey a matsayin tsuntsu mai cutarwa wanda ke lalata kifi. Saboda wannan, an tsananta mata sosai. A wasu ƙasashe, ana farautar ospreys har wa yau. A tsakiyar karni na 20, an sami raguwar adadin ospreys a Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Babban dalilin rage su shine tasirin magungunan kashe qwari (misali DDT). Wadannan sinadaran sun tara a jikin kifin, wanda ake amfani da osprey.
Lokacin da ortrey ya ci ganima, waɗannan abubuwa masu lahani, sun faɗi cikin jikin sa. A sakamakon haka, mace ta fara yin ƙwai da ƙaramar bakin ciki.
LIFESTYLE
Osprey shine kawai wakilin dangin Skopin. Wannan tsuntsun yana da kyan gani. Abubuwan dabam daga cikin osprey ƙaramin ne, ɗan ƙaramin abu, ɗan gajeren wando, ƙamshi, baki mai faɗi, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, ɓangaren da ba a rufe shi ba wanda ya yi kauri, amma kyawawan sikirin raga. Dogon fuka-fukan osprey suna da halayyar kink kuma suna kama da harafin "M". Osprey yana da kusan rarraba yanki. Tana da nisha a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, Ostiraliya da Arewacin Afirka. A cikin hunturu, osprey yana motsawa daga yankunan arewacin zuwa wurare tare da sauyin yanayi. Tsuntsayen da ke gida a Turai suna zuwa Afirka don wurare masu dumi, kuma danginsu daga Arewacin Amurka suna neman wuraren da ya dace a gare su a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.
Yaduwa
Osprey yana zaune kusa da manyan ɗakunan ajiya tare da tsarkakakken ruwa, waɗanda ke da kifi a ciki. Yana sauka a kan manyan bishiyoyi waɗanda suka tashi sama da gandun daji. A wuraren da ba kowa, matattara tana shirya mazaunin ta daidai bakin rairayin bakin teku. Nan da nan bayan da suka isa wuraren farauta, sai tsuntsaye suka mamaye wuraren da suke zaune inda suka fara ba da sheƙarsu. Daga baya, tsuntsayen suka fara yin rawar matsi: tare da kifin a cikin yatsun sa, namiji ya yi tsayi zuwa 300 m, ya tashi na ɗan lokaci a cikin iska, sa’an nan kuma, lokacin da yake ɗaure fikafikansa, da sauri ya faɗi ƙasa. A tsakiyar Mayu, ospreys fara sa qwai. Mace ta sanya sau 2-3 (sau da yawa - 4) fararen ƙwai tare da aibobi launin ruwan kasa kuma suna haɗa su har tsawon kwanaki 38. Namiji a wannan lokacin yana kawo mata abinci. Kayan kaji suna cikin gida don matsakaicin kwanaki 55. Game da haɗari, ba kare bane, amma ɓoyewa.
KARATUN LITTAFIN OCEAN
A cikin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, ospreys tsuntsaye ne masu wuya. A Arewacin Turai, kusan nau'i-nau'i 3,000. A Yammacin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai, nau'i biyu na ospreys kawai ya rage. A cikin Scotland, itacen osprey ya ɓace a cikin 1915. Har yanzu, ta sauka a nan a cikin 1954, saboda kyakkyawan kariya na maza da aka kawo anan. Yanzu yawan mutanen Scottish suna da nau'i-nau'i 10.
BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.
- Osprey babban mafarauci ne wanda yakan iya kama kifi biyu lokaci guda.
- Sauti da aka yi da osprey ya ƙunshi manyan sautikan masu rarrashi.
- Yatsin da ke cikin murfin osprey na iya juyawa zuwa gaba da baya, godiya ga wannan tsuntsu yana riƙe abin da zai ci.
- A cikin tsoffin littattafan, akwai labaru masu mashahuri game da mutuwar osprey, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ruwa ta hanyar pikes, amma a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya babu kwatankwacin waɗannan maganganun.
- A Tsibirin Gardens kusa da New York, wani yanki mai masifar osprey sau ɗaya, yana da lambobi sama da 300.
SIFFOFIN CIKIN SAUKI. LITTAFINSA
Qwai: fari tare da baƙi ko baƙi launin shuɗi, mace mai osprey lays 2-3, ƙasa da sau da yawa - 4 qwai.
Gida: located a cikin rawanin na manyan itatuwa ko a kan kankara.
Kayan tsako: mace tana ciyarwa. Suna zama masu fiɗa da shekaru 50-60 days.
Abubuwa na dabam: launin ruwan hoda launin ruwan kasa. Shugaban yana da fari, daga ido zuwa tsakiyar wuya - guguwar duhu tana sauka. Fuka-fukan suna da tsayi tsawon lokaci. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, ba a cika kamanninsu ba.
- Duk shekara
- Cin nasara
- Nesting
INA SON LAFIYA
Ana samun Osprey a kusan duk gabar teku da kusa da jikkunan ruwa. Taswirar tana nuna wuraren da take hibernates da nata, da kuma wuraren da take zama a duk shekara.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
A wurare da yawa, osprey ya zama nau'in halitta mai saurin magana. Amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a harkar noma da farauta ya haifar da raguwar adadin wannan tsuntsuwar.
Osprey harin. Bidiyo (00:00:58)
Duba cikin gida na osprey aiki ne mai wahalar gaske: ciyaduna sun yi girma kuma a saman bishiyar. Babu wani abu da za a riƙe a nan, makullan suna faɗo daga gida, a hannu ɗaya kuma ina da babbar kyamarar kafada. Kuma da zarar na ɗaga kyamarar a kan kayan masarufi a bazuwar a ƙarshen hawa mai hawa biyar, na riƙe ta ta bakin hannu da hannu. Zai dace da shi ɗan karkatar da wannan abu daga tsaye kuma kayan aiki duka za suyi ƙasa su fashe cikin sasshereens. Ta hanyar mu'ujiza Kuma wannan gida yana ɗayan fewan kaɗan waɗanda za ku iya bincika su. Na hau kan bishiya mai tushe - kuma na juya rabin hanya - ya bushe sosai har duka sashin sama na iya fadowa.
Osprey / Osprey yana jan kifi zuwa gida. Bidiyo (00:01:44)
Osprey wani tsuntsu ne mai yawan cin abincin dabbobi, da fikafikan nashi wanda ya kai 170cm. An jera shi cikin Red Book of Russia. Ko ta yaya, a kudancin Ladoga osprey yana jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali. Na kamu da son waɗannan ƙasashe masu ɓarna, na ɓata lokaci mai yawa a cikin yawo da magana da ospreys da gaggafa. Gidaje na Osprey ba su da ikon da ba za a iya samu ba kuma masu ƙwararrun masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar riƙe kukan wannan tsuntsu a hannunsu. Koyaya, na sami izinin shiga cikin hudun osprey, kuma da zarar osprey ya mamaye hasumiya, wanda na sanya kusa da gida. Takarda tana da matukar taka tsantsan kuma, lokacin da take kusancin gidan mutum, sai ta bar gidanta tsawon ɗaruruwan mitir, sabili da haka, don cire shi, dole mutum ya kafa alfarwar a gida da dare. Labarun game da osprey da gaggafa da aka buga a cikin 2010. a cikin kyakkyawan hoto mai kyau, A cikin Nest na Cannibals. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa a cikin yankin Leningrad ana iya kirga nunin osprey a yatsunsu, amma a kudancin Ladoga na sami sama da n 15. Babban rukuni na waɗannan tsuntsayen a Turai a cikin Darwin Reserve
Bayyanar
Osprey babban tsuntsu ne mai girman gaske, wanda girman jikinsa ya bambanta da santimita 55 zuwa 58 a tsayin daka da fikafikan yanki a santimita 150. Launin kai yana da fari tare da nau'in halayyar baƙar fata wacce take farawa da baki da ƙare a bayan kai. Gashi babba yana baki da launin toka. Ana ɗaukar abin wuya na gashin gashin baƙar fata a kan kirji. A bayan kai akwai karamin crest. Fuka-fuka-fukai da kansu za su yi kama.
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Dangane da mazauninsu, launi na jiki na iya bambanta. Koyaya, dukkan nau'ikan suna da fikafikan albasa mai launin toka tare da sifar halayyar kusa da haɗin wuyan hannu. Sakamakon tsarin reshe, a cikin jirgin, osprey ya zama mai kama da teku. Hakanan abin lura ne na warin osprey, wanda yake da ikon motsawa baya cikin nau'in fan, shima abin lura ne. Idon rawaya. Gefen ya kasance ɗan gajeren abu da duhu.
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Yawan jima'i shine asalin baki cikin rushewar mace, haka kuma yana nuna ƙarfi mai wuya a cikin wuya. Hakanan ana iya bambance ɗaiɗaikun da nauyi: mace kusan kashi 20% ce fiye da maza.
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Habitat
Osprey yana kan dukkan nahiyoyi, in banda Antarctica. Sau da yawa ana samun su a yankuna na Kudancin Amurka da Indo-Malaysia. A lokacin hunturu, suna iya mamaye Misira da tsibirin Bahar Maliya. A Rasha, sun fi so su zauna kusa da tabkuna masu sanyi da koguna. Don fara'a, zaɓi bishiyoyi masu tsayi.
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Abinci mai gina jiki
Kusan duk abincin wannan tsuntsu ya ƙunshi kifi. Osprey yana ciyar da ainihin kifayen da suke kusa da ruwa. Sukan farautar kifaye a kan jirgin, suna shawagi kan ruwa. Wasu lokuta zasu iya shirya kwanton bauna. Ga waɗannan tsuntsayen yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa ruwan yana da tsabta kuma ba shi da tushe, domin ku iya ganin kifin a nesa da nisan mita 40 daga saman. Da yake samo abin da ake buƙata, osprey yana kutsa kai daga wani maɗaukaki mai tsayi da sauri, sannan ya kama wanda aka azabtar da dogayen yatsunsa. Ya fara cin ganima daga kai, ko dai ya jefar da ragowar ko ya kai shi zuwa gida. Osprey kusan ba sa shan ruwa.
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Osprey kyakkyawan angler ne
Babban osprey na iya cinye kifaye masu yawa. Koyaya, baza su iya lissafin nauyin ganima ba, wannan shine dalilin da yasa kifayen da aka kama suka karye daga abin da ke cikin osprey kuma ya faɗi ƙasa.
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Girman tsuntsaye
Wannan shi ne babban babban mai fara'a, yana samun har zuwa kilogiram 1.6-2 na nauyi tare da tsawon 55-58 cm da fuka-fuka na 1.45-1.7. a wani yanki.
Masana ilimin kimiyya na bambance bambancen guda 4 na osprey:
- Pandion haliaetus haliaetus ita ce mafi girma da duhu mafi girma da ke zaune a cikin Eurasia,
- Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi - girman yayi kama da P. h. haliaetus, amma yana da nauyi a kai. Wani mulkokin da ke zaune a tsibiran Caribbean,
- Pandion haliaetus carolinensis wani duhu ne mai yawan kuɗi wanda ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka,
- Pandion haliaetus cristatus ita ce mafi ƙarancin wakilci waɗanda wakilansu suka zauna a yankin ruwan teku, da kuma gefen manyan kogunan Australia da Tasmania.
Gabaɗaya, ana ganin osprey da ke zaune a cikin manyan wurare ya fi girma fiye da 'yan gama gari waɗanda aka haife su a cikin tsaunukan ƙasa da ƙananan kwari.
Lokacin kiwo
Lokacin kiwo na iya bambanta dangane da rayuwar osprey. A cikin tsuntsayen da ke zaune, yana faruwa a watan Disamba kuma yana har zuwa Maris, kuma a cikin ƙaurawar ƙaura, yana farawa daga Afrilu zuwa Maris. The dacewar yanayi shine matsayin maza na mace. Suna shirya zirga-zirgar jiragen sama kusa da mazauna, suna jan hankalin mata da kare kansu daga maza. Bayan an samar da ma'auratan, fara aikin gida zai fara. Mahimmanci, mace da kanta ta samo kayan don gida, kuma ana yin tsari tare da namiji. Ginin da aka gina shine gidansu na dindindin, don haka yawancin lokuta suna kulawa da shi sosai. Bayan ɗaukar ciki, mace ta fara yin ƙwai tare da wani lokaci na wasu 'yan kwanaki. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana haihuwar ƙananan kajin 2 zuwa 4.
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Osprey tare da kajin
Kajin da hatanyan baya ya fi waɗanda suka ƙyamar baya. Tsarin shiryawa yana kai kwanaki 40. Sanannen abu ne cewa mace da namiji suna yin tsere nau'i biyu. Iyaye suna ciyar da ƙananan ospreys ga ƙananan kifi. Mace ta raba kifin da macen ya kama ya kasu biyu kuma tana ciyar da ita ga kajin. A tsakanin wata daya da rabi, ƙananan ospreys sun sami kwarewar farauta. Lokacin da suka kai watanni 2, sai su bar gidansu kuma suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Ospreys sun fara yin jima'i ba tare da shekaru uku da haihuwa ba.
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Rayuwa
An sanya itacen octrey a cikin ichthyophages, sabili da haka ba zai iya tunanin rayuwarsa ba tare da tafki, kogi, fadama, ko tafki ba. Jirgin ruwan mafi kusa yana tsakanin iyakokin yankin farauta na osprey kuma yana da nisan 0.01-10 nesa daga inda yake. Yawancin fara'a na gida daban-daban - za'a iya raba gida biyu na kusa da nisan mil dari ko ma kilomita masu yawa.
Jirgin ortrey ba zai taɓa barin ikon sarrafa wasu kananan ruwa na ruwa ba ko ɓangarori daban-daban na babban kogi / tafki lokaci ɗaya (gwargwadon jagorancin iskar yayin farauta). Don samar da irin wannan iko, osprey yana gina gida a cikin lanƙwasa kogi ko kuma a tsakiyar gora.
Yawancin ospreys suna biye da yankunansu na abinci, sabili da haka da wuya su kafa mazauna. Rungumewa na faruwa sau da yawa akan tsibiran, harma da hanyar watsawa, watau, inda akwai fili mai yawa don nunin tsibi.
Osprey galibi suna farauta ne don farauta, wanda yafi tasiri fiye da guda. Tsuntsaye suna huta akan bishiyoyi, suna lura da taka tsantsan. Suna zaune a cikin ginshiƙai a kan rassan, maɓuɓɓun tuddai na teku, mai laushi ko tsaunin tudu. Osprey yana yin sauti, wani abu kamar "kai-kai-kai", yana matsawa zuwa mafi girma "ki-ki-ki" kusa da gida.
Lokacin da itacen opa ya fita neman ganima a cikin kogi, yakan girgiza - yakan tsaya kuma ya rataye saman ruwa, yana buɗe fuka-fukansa da sauri. Ospreys suna kare mazaunin su, amma ba sa tsare yankuna daban-daban, tunda abincin da suka fi so (kowane nau'in kifi) yana da hannu kuma yana iya kasancewa a cikin nisan nesa da gida.
Wakilan kudanci na yankuna sun fi kusanci ga wuraren da aka zauna, yayin da ospreys na arewacin arewancin haya ne.
Abokan gaba a yanayi
A Arewacin Amurka, ospreys na iya fadawa abincin tsofaffin kugun ko mikiya. Duk inda aka farauta su da nau'ikan owls da gaggafa, martens da raccoons, wakilan dangin cat da macizai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, dabbobin da yawa suna lalata occrey nests.
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A cikin Kudancin kudu, jerin manyan kunkuni, musamman kukan Nile, na iya kai hari ga osprey. Ya kama itacen ozare wanda yake farauta a cikin ruwa.
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Tsawon rayuwa
Ospreys rayu na dogon lokaci, aƙalla shekaru 20-25, kuma da mazan tsuntsu ya zama, da hakan damar sa na tsawon rai. Yawancin alumma suna da ƙididdigar rayuwarsu, amma gaba ɗaya hoton yana kamar haka - 60% na ƙananan dabbobin da ke ƙasa da shekara biyu da kashi 80 zuwa 90 na tsuntsayen manya sun rayu.
Gaskiya. Masu ilimin Ornithologists sunyi nasarar gano mace mai raɗaɗi, wacce ke riƙe da rikodin tsawon rayuwar Turai. A shekarar 2011, ta juya shekara 30.
A Arewacin Amurka, namiji da ya yi shekaru 25 da haihuwa an gano shi a matsayin ɗan fari. Fiye da shekara guda ya tsira daga wani namiji wanda ya zauna a Finland, wanda a lokacin mutuwa yana da shekara 26 shekara 25. Amma ya kamata a fahimta cewa galibin ospreys a cikin daji ba wuya su rayu har zuwa wannan zamani.
Yawan jama'a
A yanzu, yawan ospreys abin damuwa ne. An jera tsuntsaye a cikin Littafin Red na kasashe da dama, da kuma a cikin takardu daban-daban na muhalli. A wasu yankuna, ƙullin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da alaƙa da farautar masu farauta, guban ta magungunan kashe kwari na mazauninsu, da rage yawan wadatar abinci. A cikin yankin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, yana yiwuwa a sake dawo da adadin ospreys ta hanyar gabatar da matakan muhalli da kuma samar da yanayi don gandun daji na wucin gadi.
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Dimorphism na jima'i
Bambance-bambance tsakanin mata da launuka ana iya lura da su kawai da kulawa mai kyau - mace a koyaushe tana da duhu kuma tana da daddaɗan wuya. Bugu da kari, mace tana da nauyin 20% fiye da maza: tsohuwar tana da nauyin 1.6-2, kuma ƙarshen tayi nauyi daga kilogram 1.2 zuwa 1.6. Hakanan, osprey na mace suna nuna mafi girma (5-10%) fuka-fuki.
Habitat, mazauni
Osprey yana zaune a cikin hemispheres, a cikin nahiyoyin da suke bijiro da su ko kuma sanya hibernates. Ba a san ko wakilan jinsunan sun kasance cikin Indo-Malaysia da Kudancin Amurka ba, amma a cikin hunturu suna ganin tsuntsaye a wurin koyaushe. Hakanan a cikin hunturu, ospreys gida a kai a kai a Misira da kan wasu tsibiran na Tekun Bahar Maliya.
A ƙarƙashin ospreys na gida suna zaɓar sasanninta amintacce, ba nesa ba kusa ba, mai arziki a cikin kifi, wuraren ruwa. Gidaje masu kyau suna sanye da nisan kilomita 3-5 daga jikin ruwan (rafuka, tafkuna, fadama ko koguna), amma wani lokacin dama saman ruwa.
A cikin Rasha, ospreys sun fi son ruwan tafki mai zurfi, kazalika da rapids kogi / ya isa inda tsayi (tare da busasshen fi) bishiyoyin da suka dace da shuka. Tsuntsaye suna matukar tsoron mutane, amma suna kusa da su a Australia da Amurka, suna buɗe gida har ma da wuraren canza abubuwa.
Abincin Osprey
Ya ƙunshi sama da kashi 99% na nau'ikan kifaye, tunda osprey ba mai ɗorewa kuma yana kama duk abin da yake motsa kusa da ruwa. Koyaya, lokacin da ƙaddarar kifaye ta kasance mai yawa, osprey ya zaɓi 2-3 daga cikin mafi jin daɗin (a ra'ayinta) jinsunan. Ospreys sau da yawa farauta a kan gardama (lokaci-lokaci daga dakaru): suna yin sama da saman ruwa, ba su tashi sama da 10 zuwa 10. Tare da wannan hanyar farauta, bayyanar osprey yana da mahimmanci, tunda yana da matukar wuya a gano ganima a cikin wani kandami mai laka.
Farauta
Osprey yana tafiya da sauri bayan kifin daga sama - yana lura da shi daga jirgin da ke jujjuyawar tsuntsu, rabin tsuntsaye ya ninka fikafikan sa kuma ya shimfida kafafunsa gaba, cikin sauri ya fadi kan wanda aka kama a wani ganiya ko kuma a wani mataki na 45. Sau da yawa yakan shiga ruwa gaba ɗaya, amma nan da nan yana haɓaka, yana ɗaukar ganima (galibi ana kai shi kai gaba) a cikin sa hannun mutum biyu ko na hannu biyu.
Ban sha'awa. Ana iya riƙe kifin da aka yi da shi a wuri ta hanyar murabus, yatsotsin hannun yatsu cike da dunƙulen haƙoran da ke ƙasa, da kuma yatsa na gaba da baya (don amintaccen kama ganima).
Don ɗauka daga ruwa mai zurfi, osprey yana amfani da ƙazamin sashi mai ƙarfi, kusan kusan kwance. A cikin iska, ya saba girgiza sai ya tashi zuwa itace ko dutse, domin cin abincin rana a hankali. Bayan ya gama cin abincin, sai ya koma bakin kogi don ya cire sikirin kifi da gamsai ta hanyar narkar da ƙafafunsa da kansa zuwa cikin ruwa.
Production
Wani tsoho mai fure mai nauyin kilogiram 2 baya jin tsoron kamun kifi daidai ko da ƙima a cikin nauyi ta hanyar jan kifi uku- har ma da kilogram huɗu. Gaskiya ne, wannan ya fi banbanci fiye da doka - galibi yana ɗaukar kifi gram ɗari da ɗari biyu.
Yana faruwa cewa matattarar ba ta ƙididdige ƙarfin ta kuma ta harba haƙoranta a cikin hadaya mai nauyi da ke nauyin kilogiram 4 ko fiye. Idan tsuntsu bashi da lokacin da zai 'yantar da tonon sililin, kifin mai nauyi ya dauke shi zuwa gindin. Masunta suna lokaci-lokaci suna kama manyan pikes da katun suna da "ado" mai kyau akan bayansu - wani kasusuwan osprey skeleton. Akwai kuma hoton ɗayan irin waɗannan binciken, inda aka kama babban katanga (aka kama a cikin Saxony) tare da matacciyar osprey zaune akan dutsen.
Bayanai
Tsuntsu yana cin kifi, yana farawa daga kai. Idan namiji ya ciyar da mace a wannan lokacin, sai ya ci wani ɓangare na abin da aka kamo, ya koma ɗayan sashin a gida. Gabaɗaya, ba a amfani da ospreys don ɓoye abin da suka haƙa ba: suna ɗaukar, watsar, ko barin sharan a gida.
An sani cewa osprey disdain carrion kuma kusan ba sa shan ruwa, gamsar da buƙata ta yau da kullun tare da kifin sabo.
Har ila yau, masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun kirkiri yawan nasarar ruwa (24-74%), lura da cewa yanayin yana shafar yanayin iska, tafiyar ruwa da kuma iyawar osprey da kanta. Aya daga cikin kashi na tsuntsu menu na ganima ta mamaye frogs, voles ruwa, muskrats, squirrels, salamanders, macizai, kananan tsuntsaye, har ma da kananan karnuka.
Nesting
Sau da yawa akan gidan zaka iya ganin namiji yana rubuta wasiƙar iska - waɗannan abubuwa ne na al'adar aure kuma a lokaci guda ƙoƙarin tsoratar da abokan hamayya.
Gabaɗaya, ospreys suna da yawa na auren mace ɗaya, amma suna nuna auren mata fiye da ɗaya lokacin da mazauna ke kusa da juna, kuma namiji zai iya kare duka biyun. Gida na farko a wannan yanayin yana da matukar mahimmanci ga namiji, tunda ya fara kama kifin a can.
Dankunan ospreys da ke zaune a Rasha galibi suna da mazauni a kan dogayen conifers waɗanda ke girma a gefen gandun daji, a bakin kogin / tabkin ko kuma a tsaye a gefe. Irin wannan itace yakan tashi zuwa 1-10 m sama da gandun daji kuma dole yayi tsayayya da babban ciyayin na tsawon shekaru.
Littlean kadan kadan, gidan yana bayyana akan sandunan wutar lantarki, dandamali na wucin gadi har ma da gine-gine. A Ostiraliya, maganganun farjin ƙasa na ospreys sun zama ruwan dare. Gefen gida yana jujjuya daga rassan, yana rufewa da algae ko ciyawa, sau da yawa ana amfani da kayan gini wanda ba a saba dashi ba - jakunkuna na filastik, layin kamun kifi da sauran abubuwan da aka samo a ruwa. A ciki, an shimfiɗa gida tare da gansakuka da ciyawa.
Kayan kaji
Mace ta sanya kamar wata qwai mai haske (densely alama da shunayya, launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka), wanda iyayen biyu suka tsunduma cikin zubarwa. Bayan kwanaki 35-38, kajin sun yi ƙyamar, kuma uba yana da haƙƙin ciyar da dangi, bawai kawai brood ɗin ba, har ma da mace. Uwa tana kiyaye kajin kuma tana jira abinci daga wurin abokin aikinta, kuma sam bata samu ba, sai ta roƙi mazan da ke kusa da ita.
Ban sha'awa. Mahaifin da yake kula da shi kullum yakan jawo daga 3 zuwa 10 kifi 60-100 a cikin gida. Iyaye biyu na iya karya nama a jiki su ba wa kajin.
Bai wuce a cikin kwanaki 10 ba, kajin suna canza fararen kayansu masu launin fari zuwa duhu launin toka, kuma suka samo fuka-fukan farko bayan mako biyu. Brood ya cika bayan kwana 48-76: a cikin ƙaura yawan jama'a, ana saurin aiwatar da aikin plumage.
A wata na biyu a rayuwarsu, kajin sun kai 70-80% na girman tsuntsaye manya, kuma bayan sun gudu, suna yin kokarinsu na farko don farauta da kansu. Tuni dai sanin yadda ake kamun kifi, kajin ba su da kunya kan komawar gida da neman abinci daga iyayensu. Jimlar kama bazara a cikin iyali shine kimanin kilogram 120-150.
Wani ɗan itacen osprey yana zaune a cikin gida kusan watanni 2, amma, sabanin zuriyar sauran tsuntsayen ganima, cikin haɗari baya nuna tashin hankali, amma, akasin haka, yayi ƙoƙarin ɓoye. Iyaye sukan bar gida don kada su ɓoye ƙarshen girma. Aikin haihuwa a cikin osprey matasa ya bayyana kanta ba a cikin shekaru 3 ba.
Abokan halitta
A Arewacin Amurka, Virginia Eagle Owl da Bald Eagle ganima a kan kajin osprey kuma, ba kasada ba, akan manya. An kuma gano ospreys a matsayin abokan gaba na:
- gaggafa da mujiya
- raccoons da martens (naging ravaging),
- Fine da Macizai (kwari mai girma).
Wasu nau'ikan karnuka suna kai hari ga tsuntsayen hunturu a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, musamman, kogin Nilu: ya kama bakin teku mai kamun kifi.