Euglena kore - lat. Euglenophyta, nasa ne na girman eukaryotes da dangi - Euglenaceae. Euglens kore ba su da kwayar halitta; euglena ana samun su a cikin ruwa mai kyau, rami, da fadama. Jikin euglena kore yana da nau'i daban. Hakanan, yayin nazarin tsarin euglena, a bayyane yake cewa ya ƙunshi ƙwayar microscopic ɗaya.

Kowannenku ya lura da yadda wasu lokuta ruwa a cikin tafki ko kandami ke samun koren launi, ko, kamar yadda suke faɗi, “fure-fure”. Idan ka debi irin wannan ruwan ka kuma bincika digo a karkashin wani madubin, za kaga a cikin ruwa, tare da wasu dabbobi da tsirrai masu sauki, masu-rai mai-girma da ruwa. Waɗannan kore kore ne. Tare da taro na taro na euglena, ruwan yana jujjuya kore.

Euglena kore motsi

Motsa jikin kore euglena ana yin ta ne ta amfani da doguwar yaduwa da bakin ciki - tutar bango da ke saman ƙarshen jikin euglena. Godiya gareshi, euglena kore yana motsawa. Alamar tatsuniyar tana motsa motsi, kamar dai yana zura kanta cikin ruwa. Za'a iya kwatanta aikinsa da aikin mai yada jirgi mai saukar ungulu ko jirgin hurawa. Wannan motsi ya zama cikakke fiye da motsi tare da taimakon pseudopods. Estroglen yana motsawa da sauri fiye da takalmin ciliates.

Euglena kore abinci

Yin nazarin euglena kore a karkashin wata madubin lantarki, mutum na iya lura dashi a jikin jikinta wasu manya manya manya manya-manya-manyan sifofi. Waɗannan sune chromatophores wanda acikin chlorophyll yake. Wannan euglena yayi kama da tsire-tsire kore. Kamar su, tare da taimakon chlorophyll, yana iya ɗaukar carbon daga carbon dioxide, yana ɓoyewa cikin kwayoyin halittar jikinsa daga inorganic. Amma tare da irin wannan abincin na gina jiki na euglena, kore shima yana iya ciyar da abinci mai tsayayyen kwayoyin halitta, wanda koyaushe yana cikin wani yanayi mai narkarda shi a cikin cunkoso ko kuma jikkunan ruwa. Ta narke waɗannan abubuwa tare da taimakon narkewar narkewa, kamar yadda amoeba talakawa ke yi. A sakamakon haka, kore euglena na iya ciyar da duka kamar shuka da kuma na dabba.

Yanayin abincinsa ya dogara da kasancewar ko rashin haske a cikin tafkunan da wannan dabbar ke rayuwa. Da rana, a gaban haske, euglena kore suna ci kamar shuka. Idan babu haske, yadda ake ciyar da shi canje-canje: kamar dabbobi, euglena yana cin abubuwan da aka sanya da kwayoyin halitta. Da wannan abinci mai gina jiki, sinadarin chlorophyll da ke cikin chromatophores ya gushe, kuma euglena ya rasa koren launi. Idan kun sanya euglena a cikin duhu, yakan gano bazara kuma ya fara ci kamar dabba.

Hanya biyu na cin kore euglena abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa. Yana nuna asalin abubuwan tsirrai da dabbobi. Kwatanta manyan dabbobi dabbobin da yawa tare da manyan tsirrai, zamu iya rarrabe tsakanin su. Ba za mu sami irin wannan bambanci ba idan muka kwatanta ƙananan dabbobin da ba a kwance ba (misali, euglena kore) da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba a kwance.

Alamun Euglena Green

Jikin mara lafiyar yana da siffar fusiform. Yana da harsashi mai wuya. Tsawon jikin yana kusan milimita 0.5. A gaban Euglena jikin bebi ne. Ga jan ido. Yana da hoto, damar guda-celled locates “fodder” wurare a lokacin day. Saboda yawan idanu a cikin guguwa Euglen, saman ruwan yana kama da shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa.

Hakanan kuma an haɗa alamar tatsuniya a ƙarshen gaban jikin sel. A cikin jarirai, ba lallai bane, saboda kwayar ta kasu kashi biyu. Flagellum ya kasance akan ɗayan ɓangarorin. Kashi na biyu na jikin mutum yayi girma tare da lokaci. An nuna ƙarshen jikin Euglena Green shuka. Wannan yana taimakawa algae zuwa dunƙule cikin ruwa, da inganta haɓakar malali, daga nan kuma hanzari.

Jaruma labarai na labarin suna da asali a cikin metabolism. Wannan shine ikon canza yanayin jikin. Kodayake yawancin lokaci-mai fasali ne, yana iya zama:

• kamar gicciye
• m
• mai siffar zobe
• guntu.

Duk irin nau'in da Euglena ta kasance, asalinta ba a bayyane idan kwayar tana raye. Tsarin tsari yana ɓoye daga idanu saboda yawan motsi. Idanun mutum ba zai iya kama shi ba. Diameterarancin diamita na tutarellell yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan. Ana iya bincika shi a karkashin ƙaramin microscope.

Tabbatar da ƙwararre

Euglena kore ba shi da matsala, a ƙarshen jikin mutum akwai sikila da jan launi. Alamar tsibiri ta kasance a gabanta, tare da taimakon ta tana motsawa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda motsin karkatuwa na tutar tarko.

Euglena yana narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa. Canjin Gas yakan faru ne ta jiki.

Propagated da a tsaye raba na biyu, i.e. hanyar asexual.

Euglena yana zaune ne a cikin ruwa mai tsafta (puddles, tafkunan).

Siffofi, tsari da mazauninsu

Mafi yawan wakilan wadannan halittu a yanayi shine euglena kore. Wannan ingantaccen kwayar halittar sel mai ban mamaki har yanzu wani abin mamaki ne ga masu bincike.

Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya suna ta jayayya a tsakaninsu game da wanda wannan sabon halitta yake. Wasu masana kimiyya suna da sha'awar yin tunani cewa wannan dabba ce, kodayake yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma ƙarami. Wasu kawo kore euglena zuwa algae, wato, ga duniyar shuka.

Tana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkak .wa. Ganyen gurbataccen ruwa, ruwa mai narkewa tare da ganyayyaki masu lalacewa a ciki shine wurin da akafi so wannan wakilin flagella. Ga motsi na euglena yana amfani da tutar guda-biyu, wanda yake a gaban jikinta mai fasali. Gaba daya jiki ya rufe da harsashi na m daidaito.

Tushen tutarellell an saka shi da ido wanda aka gani sosai, launin ja mai haske wanda ake kira stigma. Wannan peephole yana da babban hoto mai mahimmanci kuma yana ba da izinin euglena don yin iyo zuwa mafi kyawun haske a cikin tafkin, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar hoto.

An kuma wadata shi da kuzari mai kwari, wanda ke da alhakin tsarin numfashi da tashin hankali na wannan halittar. A cikin wannan akwai irin wannan amoeba da kore kore. Godiya ga wannan sashin jiki, jikin ya rabu da ruwa mai yawa.

Gabanin sa na gaba an sanye shi da babban jujjuyawar, wacce ke riƙe da matuƙar iko a kan dukkan mahimman hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwar wannan halitta. The euglena cytoplasm ya ƙunshi kimanin kilo 20 na chloroplasts.

Suna zama tushen tushen chlorophyll, wanda ke ba da euglena launin kore. Wannan yana amsa tambayar - dalilin da ya sa euglena kore don haka ake kira. A cikin launi, kore kore gaske nasara.

Bugu da kari, chlorophyll yana taimakawa tsari mai mahimmanci a jikin jikin euglena - photosynthesis. A cikin kyakkyawar haske, wannan halitta tana ci kamar shuka iri, ita ce, autotrophic.

Da farko duhu, narkewa yana canzawa kaɗan kuma euglena kore ci, a matsayin dabba, tana buƙatar abinci na halitta, wanda ya juya shi zuwa kwayoyin heterotrophic.

Saboda haka, masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su yanke shawarar waye zai danganta wannan keɓaɓɓen halitta ga - ga tsirrai ko dabbobi ba. Its cytoplasm tara kananan hatsi na ajiye na gina jiki, da abun da ke ciki wanda yake kusa da abun da ke sitaci.

Suna amfani da euglena yayin azumi. Idan euglena yana cikin duhu na dogon lokaci, rabuwa da chloroplasts din ba ya faruwa. Rashin daidaituwa da kansu ba ya ci gaba. Wannan tsari yana ƙare da bayyanar euglena, wanda ba shi da chloroplasts.

Jikin euglena kore yana da sihiri, wanda aka lasafta kusa da rabi na gaba. Tsarinsa gaba daya microscopic ne - tsawonsa yakai kusan 60 microns, kuma nisan bai wuce 18 microns ba.

Motsa jiki shine ɗayan fasalin euglena kore. An rage shi da fadada idan ya cancanta. Wannan ya faru ne saboda zaren abubuwan gina jiki da aka samo a ciki Tsarin euglena kore. Wannan yana taimaka mata ta motsa ba tare da taimakon tsibiri ba.

Ciliates takalma da euglena kore - Waɗannan su ne abubuwan halitta guda biyu waɗanda mutane da yawa suna da yawa daidai. A zahiri, sun bambanta gabaɗaya. An bayyana wannan da farko a hanyar ciyar da su.

Idan euglena kore zai iya ci kamar dabba da shuka, to ciliates sunfi son tsayayyen abinci na gargajiya. Wannan mafi sauki ana samunsa ko'ina. Kowane tafki na ruwa na iya zama cike da mafi yawan mazaunan birni, ciki har da euglena kore.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Idan kun lura da microscope na rayuwar Euglena Green, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa wannan halitta ce mai kwazo da karfin gwiwa. Ta kasance tare da babbar himma da himma suna tsoratar da takalmin ciliates kuma, a bayyane, hakan ya faranta mata rai.

Sanya dogon lokaci a cikin duhu, akwai cikakkiyar ɓataccen ƙwayar chlorophyll, wanda yasa ya zama cikakkiyar launi. Wannan yana shafar katsewar hoto. Bayan wannan, wannan tutarellell dole ne ta canza kawai zuwa abubuwan gina jiki.

Motsawa tare da taimakon euglene flagellum na iya rufe wurare masu nisa. A lokaci guda, tutar tarko a cikin kwararar ruwa, tana kama da masu yada kekunan dako ko jirgi mai saukar ungulu.

Idan muka kwatanta saurin motsi na kore euglena da ciliates, na farkon yana motsawa da sauri. Wadannan ƙungiyoyi ana jagorantar su koyaushe cikin wurare masu haske.

Saurin euglena na iya ƙaruwa sosai saboda yawan amfani da ruwa, wanda ke taimakawa halittar kawar da duk wani abu mai girman gaske, wanda ke rage hazaka. Numfashin wannan mafi sauƙin shine saboda ɗaukar oxygen a jikinsa duka.

Eugene zai iya rayuwa a cikin kowane yanayi, kowace halitta mai rai na iya yin hassada da kwarewa. Misali, a cikin wani kandami wanda ya daskara na wani lokaci, euglena kore kawai baya motsawa baya cin abinci, yana canza kamanninsa kaɗan.

Wutsiyar mafi sauƙi, abin da ake kira flagellum, ya ɓace kuma euglena ya zama zagaye. An rufe shi da kwasfa mai kariya ta musamman kuma saboda haka zai iya jira duk wani mummunan yanayi. Wannan yanayin ana kiranta mafitsara. Tana iya zama a cikin mafitsara har sai yanayin muhalli sun fi mata kyau.

Kiwo

Shuka euglena kore kawai ana bada umarni ne, a cikin tsarin yake akwai rabuwa tsakanin kwayoyin halittar mahaifiya ta hanyar madaidaiciya zuwa kashi biyu. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa kafin fashewa, rabuwa da tsattsauran tsinkayen ya faru.

Bayan wannan, tantanin ya fara rarrabuwa a gaban. A wannan yanayin, samuwar sabon tutar ƙasa da kuma sabon ƙwayar cuta, ta rarrabu a hankali. Tsarin ya ƙare tare da rabuwa da baya.

Don haka, samuwar sel biyu, waɗanda sune ainihin kwayar kwayar uwa, an samu. Mataki na gaba yana da alaƙa da haɓakar karatunsu. Bayan haka, ana maimaita irin wannan tsarin rarraba.

Abubuwan fasali

Euglena kore ita ce mafi kyawun kwayoyin halitta wanda ke da tsari mai rikitarwa na mafi sauki. Tana da jiki mai tsawon rai tare da baya mai kaifi. Tsawon euglena zai iya kaiwa aƙalla 60 micrometer, kuma nisa na 18 micrometer. Tantanin yana da:

• ainihin
• harsashi
• cytoplasm
• nazaman
• kwantiragi
• tsibiri
• karafarini
• Chloroplasts
• sauran kwayoyin.

Tsarin shine kore euglena. Euglena wani sigar fure ne mai fure wanda ke da hadadden tsari

Harsashi (magana) yana kare tantanin halitta daga tasirin waje. A cytoplasm mai yawa ne, amma filastik, wanda ke ba da damar jiki ya ɗan canza yanayin, ƙara da kwangila idan ya cancanta.

Godiya ga hoto mai daukar hoto, wanda ke da launi ja, euglena tana mayar da martani ga 'yan canje-canjen haske. Wannan yana ba ta damar kewayawa kadan a sararin samaniya - tana motsawa ta fuskar haske.

Don motsi, jiki yana amfani da tutar flalarum (ƙwayar cuta mai wucewa) wacce take a gaban sel. Flagellum yana motsa motsin zuciyarmu, kuma saurin euglena ya wuce saurin yawancin sauran protozoa, wanda yake bashi dama. Bugu da ƙari, euglena na iya motsawa ba tare da halartar yawon shakatawa ba, kawai yin kwangila.

Idan kuna son bidiyon, raba shi tare da abokanka:

Na numfasa euglena, shan iskar oxygen a jiki baki daya ta hanyar membranes, carbon dioxide ta-samfurin yana fitowa daga gare su. Alamar gama gari tare da tsire-tsire shine kasancewar chlorophyll, wanda ke ƙayyade yiwuwar daukar hoto. Bugu da ƙari, saboda chlorophyll, jiki yana da launin kore mai haske.

Habitat da salon rayuwa

Mafi yawan lokuta, jikin ruwan da aka gurbata - fadama, ditches, da sauransu sun zama mazaunin kore euglena.Amma waɗannan protozoa na iya kasancewa cikin tsaftataccen ruwa, amma irin wannan yanayin bashi da kwanciyar hankali a gare su. Idan ruwan ya fara “yi fure”, wato, yana jujjuya kore, to wannan alama ce ta bayyanar wadannan kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa.

Amma game da abinci mai gina jiki, euglena yana nufin mixotrophs, wato, zai iya amfani da nau'ikan nau'i biyu don samar da makamashi. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, mafi sauƙi yana nuna kamar shuka, wato, yana ciyar da hanyar autotrophic - yana karɓar makamashi daga haske tare da taimakon chlorophyll. A lokaci guda, euglena ba shi da aiki, yana motsa kawai zuwa asalin hasken.

Idan unicellular ya zauna a cikin duhu na dogon lokaci, sai ya sauya zuwa yanayin heterotrophic na abinci mai gina jiki - yana ɗaukar kwayoyin halitta daga ruwa. A wannan yanayin, don bincika abubuwan ganowa, euglena dole ne ya motsa ƙarin. Canje-canje na waje yana faruwa tare da tantanin halitta - yana asarar launi korensa kuma ya zama kusan tabbatacce.

Kodayake photosynthesis ita ce babbar hanyar samun kuzari ga yawancin Euglene, akwai misalai waɗanda suka fi son cin abincin kwayar halitta daga haihuwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa unicellular yana da bakin da ke da irin wannan abincin. Kodayake abincin yana cinye ta microorganism, ba kawai wannan bakin ba, amma duka membrane.

Euglena kore yana cin kwayoyin, har ma yana da bakin don wannan

Saboda wannan nau'in abinci mai gina jiki, masanan ilmin halitta ba su da ra'ayi daya game da ko euglena alga ce ko dabba ce. Masana kimiyya sun yi bayanin cewa wannan samarwa na abubuwa guda biyu yana tabbatar da cewa tsirrai da dabbobi suna da asali iri daya.

An sa shi cikin duhu a cikin ruwa bayyananne, ba tare da kwayoyin halitta ba, tantanin ya mutu. Lokacin da kandami ya bushe ko daskarewa, sai ya zama siriri. A wannan lokacin, ba ta ci ko numfashi. Alamar tashi zata watse kuma wani katon kariya mai karfi ya bayyana. A wannan tsari, zai wanzu har sai yanayin ya sake zama karbuwa ga rayuwa.

Hanyar yaduwa na kore euglena shine rarrabuwa. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, protozoa na iya rarrabewa da sauri. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya lura da yadda ruwan ya zama mai hadari kuma yana ɗaukar kamshin kore.

Rarraba yana faruwa a hanya mai tsayi. Da farko, an rarraba nucleus din kwayar uwa, sannan sauran. Tsarin jimawa mai tsayi yana gudana tare da jikin, wanda ya kasha sel mahaifiyar kashi biyu.

Idan kuna son bidiyon, raba shi tare da abokanka:

Tsarin kore Euglena

A waje, an rufe tantanin halitta tare da murfin bakin ciki na cytoplasm - ƙage wanda ke taka rawa a jikin membrane. Hararfe guda ɗaya yana tashi daga ƙarshen gaban jikin jikin euglena, saboda juyawa wanda yake motsawa gaba.A gindin turanci akwai kullun takamaiman lamari, wanda akan sa abin da yake rufe ido.

Euglena ya sami suna don launi wanda chromatophores kore ke bayar wa tantanin.

Suna da kyau a siffar su kuma galibi suna cikin keji a cikin yanayin tauraro. A cikin chromatophores, photosynthesis yana faruwa. Carbohydrates da aka kirkira a cikin haske ana ajiye shi a cikin tantanin halitta a cikin nau'in hatsi mara launi. Wani lokaci akwai da yawa daga cikinsu suna rufe chromatophores, kuma euglena ya zama fari. A cikin duhu, photosynthesis yana tsayawa, kuma euglena ya fara narke hatsi na haɓakar carbohydrate kuma ya sake zama kore.

A dabi'a, euglens yawanci suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai ƙazanta tare da adadin adadin abubuwa masu narkewa, sabili da haka yawanci suna haɗuwa da duka abubuwan gina jiki - photosynthesis, halayyar tsirrai, da abinci mai gina jiki, halayyar dabbobi. Don haka, euglena, a gefe guda, tsiro ne, a daya bangaren, dabba. Irin wannan “hadadden” tsarin har yanzu yana haifar da jayayya a tsakanin masana kimiyya: masana kimiyyar kimiyyar kere-kere sun alaƙar da euglen a wani nau'in shuka na musamman, yayin da masana kimiyyar dabbobi ke rarrabe su da wani nau'in zane.

Wasu wakilai na Euglena detachment (dangin Euglena kore) ba su da ikon daukar hoto da cin abinci kamar dabbobi, alal misali, astasia (Astasia). Irin waɗannan dabbobi har ma suna haɓaka na'urorin haɗin maɗaukakiyar magana wanda suke sha ƙananan ƙwayoyin abinci.

Ta yaya kore euglens kore

Sake bugun kore euglena yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mafi dacewa yanayi. A cikin kankanin lokaci, tsarkakakken ruwan tafki na iya zama maras nauyi korewa saboda aiki mai karfi na wadannan halittu masu sauki. Kusa da dangi na wannan mafi sauki shine dusar kankara da jini. Lokacin da wadannan kwayoyin suke haifuwa, za'a iya lura da abubuwan mamaki.

Don haka, a cikin karni na IV Aristotle ya bayyana dusar ƙanƙara mai ban mamaki "jini", wanda, duk da haka, ya bayyana saboda yanki mai aiki na waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana iya lura da dusar ƙanƙara mai duhu a yankuna da yawa na arewacin Rasha, alal misali, a cikin Urals, Kamchatka, ko wasu tsibiran na Arctic. Euglena wata halitta ce mara ma'ana kuma tana iya rayuwa har cikin yanayi mai tsananin kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. Lokacin da waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin suke ƙaruwa, dusar ƙanƙara ta sami launi na cytoplasm ɗin su. Dusar ƙanƙara ta zahiri “fure” tare da ja har ma da aibobi.

Mafi sauƙaƙa yadawa ta musamman da rarrabuwa. An rarraba ƙwayar uwa tsawon lokaci. Na farko, nucleus din ya fara aiwatar da rarrabuwa, sannan kuma sauran sassan jikin. Wani nau'in furrow yana hade da jikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda a hankali yake rarraba jikin mahaifiyar zuwa 'ya'ya mata biyu.

A ƙarƙashin yanayin mummunan, maimakon rarrabawa, mutum zai iya lura da aiwatar da samuwar cyst. A wannan yanayin, amoeba da kore euglena suma suna da kama. Kamar amoebas, an rufe su da kwasfa na musamman kuma suka faɗi cikin wani irin yanayi na rashin kuzari. Ta hanyar cysts, waɗannan kwayoyin suna ɗauka tare da ƙura kuma idan sun dawo cikin yanayin ruwa sai su farka kuma su fara haɓaka sosai.