Raguna na dabbar suna haɗa da dabbobi masu matsakaici daidai. Bayyanar jima'i ana maganar su. Matsayinsa ga ƙ witƙasassu na mazan manya shine 80-83 cm, kuma ga ƙananan mata - kimanin 70 cm Babban bambancin waje shine kasancewar ƙaho a cikin maza. An fi karkata zuwa ga kafaɗa kai tsaye yayin da ya dace da kwanyar kwanyar, galibi ana jingina da wani nau'in haɗin kai (cochlear, helically Twisted), sun juya tare da ƙarshensu kai tsaye da gaba, a layi ɗaya zuwa ga ɓangarorin kan kai (wani lokacin gaba da dan kadan a ciki). Tsawon ƙaho a cikin lanƙwaran waje na iya isa 75-80 cm tare da girth a ginin daga 20-25 cm.Don wannan girman adon, maza sunkai kilo 20-25 waɗanda suka fi mace ƙarfi ko ƙaho ko kuma suna da ƙaramin ƙaho kuma suna nauyin 35 akan matsakaita.

Babban fasali na waje na wadannan dabbobin suna da matukar muhimmanci:

• Karamin jiki tare da layin kwandon shara a gaba da kirji mai zurfi.
• Shugaban tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba na ɓangaren gaba yana daidai da girman jiki kuma an saita shi a kan matsakaici mai girman gaske.
• Dogayen ƙafafun ƙafa tare da hooves a kan gaban biyu na kimanin 35 mm, kuma a baya - kimanin 40 mm.
• Karamin wutsiya, kusan 10 cm.
• Mayafin yana kasancewa ta hanyar gashi ta waje tare da daskararren lafazi da ƙamshi amma daskararre cike yake da ita. A cikin wasu mutane, ulu suna fasalin halayyar jikunan jabu a kirji. Babban inuwa na launi na gashi ya bambanta a lokacin bazara da lokutan hunturu, sun bambanta daga ocher-brownish zuwa zurfin duhu launin toka. Yankunan ƙhersƙasassun, ƙyallen kafaɗa da gindin wutsiya galibi suna da duhu, kuma ciki, kwatangwalo da baya na sauƙin sauƙin ya sauƙaƙa. A launi da undercoat ne ko da yaushe fawn da m. Kyakkyawan duhu, kusan baƙar fata mai gudana tare da kashin baya daga wuyansa zuwa wutsiya yana bambanta da launi na gashi.

Wadannan dabbobin sune magadan tumakin gida.

Hutu da nau'ikan tumakin daji

An bambanta nau'ikan biyu dangane da asali da mazaunin: Turai da Asiya (arkal ko Ustyurt).

Wuraren asalin wakilan ƙasashen Turai sune tsibiran Bahar Rum. Kasancewa tunkiya mai tsananin kyau ga Sardinia da Sicily, tumakin jeji ba da jimawa ba sun gama ba da dabara na wucin gadi a Cyprus da kuma tsaunukan tsaunukan Kudancin Turai. A cikin Rasha, ana samun nau'in Turai kawai a cikin Crimea, inda aka adana shi fiye da shekaru ɗari da suka gabata.

Anatolian, Corsican, Sicilian mutane, bayan sufuri da kuma acclimatization, ya dace da Kudancin lat Russia

Mafi na yau da kullun su ne. Yankin yankin da suke zaune shine Kazakhstan, yankuna na kudanci na Turkmenistan da Tajikistan, Transcaucasia, arewa maso yamma na tsaunukan tsaunukan Hindustan, Balochistan, Iran, da Afghanistan.

Wani nau'in hangen nesa saboda zafin rana ya zama baƙon Turai ya dawwama sosai

Baya ga wuraren rarrabawa, kusan babu bambanci tsakanin tumakin dutsen Turai da babban taronta na Asiya. Gidajen da aka fi so daga tumakin daji sune shimfidar wurare masu tsaunuka tare da samun kwanciyar hankali na kololuwar kwari, plateaus da gangara mai laushi tare da ciyayi mai mahimmanci. A kan tsaunin dutse, dabbobi suna jin rashin tsaro, kuma a kan hatsarin gorges ɗin sun zama marasa taimako gabaɗaya. A lokacin rani, suna zaune ne a wuraren da ke da inuwa na makiyaya. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi sun gwammace kasancewa a gindin tsaunin tsaunin da rana take ɗaukar shi da kuma samun mafaka daga yanayin canji a cikin mafaka daga iska.

Bayanin

Ana kiran Mouflon ɗayan wakilan launuka masu kyau na fauna. Masana ilimin halitta sunyi imanin cewa daga wannan nau'in ya zo da tumakin gida na yau da kullun. Kuma ko da waɗanda suke ganin rago na fari a karo na farko za su iya amincewa da shi bisa ga layin da aka saba da su. An rarraba dabbar a ko'ina cikin yankin Eurasian.

Amma ƙahonin marasa ma'ana da kuma Jawo mai mahimmanci ya haifar da farauta mai aiki, wanda ya sanya artiodactyls a kan ƙwanƙwashin lalata.

Wasu nau'ikan mouflons an jera su a cikin Babban littafin duniya. Ana ajiye su a wuraren shan dabbobi da ajiyar dabbobi. A wasu wuraren, ana kuma amfani da kiwo gida. Babban dabba da aka yi da dabba

Rago na daji yayi kama da dabba mai haɗuwa, ana bambanta shi da matsakaicinta.

Tsarin ilimin halittar jiki yana da haɓaka sosai. Maza manya sun yi girma zuwa 0.8-0.83 m, mafi ƙarancin mata - ba su fi 0.7 m ba Amma ba lallai ba ne a auna girma, saboda maza ne kawai ke da ƙahonin da ba a san hawa ba dangane da madafun ikon na tsaye.

A mafi yawancin halayen, an tanƙwara su a cikin wani yanayin haɗuwa (wanda ya yi kama da siffar zuwa karkatar da karkace). Thearshen suna madaidaiciya gaba, yana gudana layi ɗaya da gefuna kwanyar. Amma a wasu lokuta ana tura su gaba da dan kadan zuwa ciki. Girman ƙwanƙwasa na waje na manyan ƙaho na mouflon shine 0.75-0.8 m, yayin da a ginin yake 0.2-0.25 m.

Irin wannan “kayan ado mai nauyi” yana sa maza 20-25 kg yafi girma fiye da mace.

Halaye gama gari na mouflon sune alamomi masu zuwa:

• m jiki da kuma concave baya,
• kirji mai zurfi
• madaidaiciya bayanin martaba na gaban kai,
• rabo daga kai da dukan jiki,
• matsakaici tsawon wuya
• dogon gabar jiki
• hooafafan ƙafafun da ke a gaban kafa sun kai kimanin 0.035 a tsayi, a kan kafafun hind - har zuwa 0.04 m.

Wutsiyar mouflon baya wuce mita 0.1 Gashi yana kasancewa ne saboda gashi na waje. An nuna su da tsayayyen kayan rubutu da taushi, gwanayen zane. Ana rarrabe wasu mutane ta hanyar cewa matsattsun kayan wanki na tsaye suna fitowa akan kirji. Ulu mai rufe gashi na iya samun launuka daban-daban a lokacin bazara da hunturu.

Bambanci daga haske zuwa sautunan launin toka mai yiwuwa ne.

Mafi sau da yawa, ƙ witƙasassun, kafadu da ocher suna da inuwa mai duhu. Mayafin yana da sauƙi a ciki, kwatangwalo da baya na croup. The undercoat ne yawanci fentin a cikin fawn da m. Bambanci mai ban sha'awa yana haifar da tsiri na kusan baƙar fata, yana gudana layi ɗaya zuwa kashin baya daga wuyansa zuwa wutsiya.

Ana iya tantance ainihin shekarun mutum ta hanyar zoben shekara-shekara wanda ke rufe ƙaho. Jawo lokacin bazara yana ƙarewa har ƙarshen watan Agusta, kuma a cikin kaka ya zama matsosai. A gefen abysses da kan tsaunukan m, mouflon kusan bashi da taimako. Bayan lura da barazanar, artiodactyl zai motsa da sauri, yana yin kara.

Babban adadin ƙaho zai iya zama 10% na jimlar adadin. Yankuna suna girma har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa. A wasu halaye, tumaki ma suna lankwashe su a kan dutse, in ba haka ba lura da abubuwan da ke kewaye suna da rikitarwa.

Guduwar mouflon tana da sauri - har ma a kan ƙasa mai saurin gudu gudun ta kai fiye da kilomita 50 / h.

Yakin dabbobi sun bambanta cikin haushi, amma a cikin lokuta daban ya haifar da raunin raunin sosai ko mutuwar abokan hamayya. Yaƙin yana farawa ne da wata alama ta ƙaho. Mataki na gaba shine kwantar da hankali da tasirin hancin gaban. Idan yaƙin bai ƙare ba, mouflons suna watsawa suna fara farawa da farawa.

Ana ci gaba da gwabza fada har tsawon awanni. Abokan adawar lokaci lokaci suna katse faɗaɗa don dawo da ƙarfi. Komai zai kare ne kawai lokacin da daya daga cikin abokan adawar ya bar wasan da yardar rai. Rago na tsaunin dutse zai iya tsayayya da wannan gwagwarmaya mai ƙarfi kawai godiya ga tsaurin kai mai ƙarfi.

Shellarshe na ƙaho, kamar dai an murƙushe - akwai ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fuskokinsu. Migaura yanayi na faruwa sau biyu ko sau uku a shekara.

Mafi yawan duka, tumaki suna son lupine daji, heather da nettle daga abinci.

Don hutawa na kwana daya, mouflon hooves suna fitar da hutun naƙuda.

Kunnuwan waɗannan dabbobin ƙanana ne kuma sun bambanta cikin motsi.

Haɓaka ma'anar wari, kyakkyawar ji da kuma gani mai kyau suna ba da raguna daji barin kada mutum ya kusanci mita 300. Bayan lura da barazanar, mouflon zai iya tsalle kan shinge har zuwa 2 m ba ga tsayi.

Wadannan dabbobin basu yarda da tsauraran zafin jiki ba.

A cikin gidaje, mouflons sukan wuce tare da tumaki talakawa. Dangane da jinsin, an haɓaka ɗayan merino.

Dabbobi da mazauninsu

Yana da al'ada a rarrabe manyan ƙananan ƙananan mouflons biyu - Turai da Asiya, shi ma fasaline. Nau'in Turai yana zaune a tsaunukan tuddai na Bahar Rum. An samo wannan dabbar a cikin Cyprus, a Sardinia, a Corsica, Armenia, Iraq, a cikin Crimea (gaskiya ne cewa ya bayyana a wurin bayan bayarwa).

Dabba zata iya samun nutsuwa cikin yanayin Crimean. A cikin sashin ƙasa mai shiga teku, yana zaune a cikin ajiyar halitta. Wannan shine kawai nau'in tumakin dutsen da ke zaune a cikin daji a Turai. Mouflon Asiya ya fi girma. Akwai wani bambanci mai bayyanawa - ƙaho an juya su baya, kuma ba a gefe ba.

An yi imani da cewa yanayin mazaunin mouflon shine yankin kudu na Asiya. Ana iya ganin nau'in Asiya a cikin daji a cikin Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan da Turkiya.

Wani lokacin sandal yana zama a Kazakhstan. Kyawawan Ustyurt sun mamaye steepes din ba kawai na Ustyurt da kanta ba, harma da na Mangyshlak. Komawa zuwa ga nau'in Cypriot, ya kamata a ce waɗannan dabbobi dabbobi ne masu ƙarfi. Tsawon irin wannan mouflon na iya kaiwa zuwa 0.65 m. Hornsahonsa suna da yawa kuma suna da ɓangaren triangular.

A cikin mouflon na Cyprus, mace ba ta da kaho. A cikin hunturu, mayafin yana da kauri sosai kuma yana da launi mara nauyi mai kauri. Banbancin halayyar wuri ne mai launin toka a bushe. An rufe makogwaron da baƙar fata. A cikin watanni na bazara, gashi yana haskakawa (musamman daga ƙasa).

Babu wasu dabbobi masu girman daidai a Cyprus. A zamanin da, wannan dabbar ta mamaye kafaffun dabbobi. Yanzu ya rage kawai a tsaunuka, daidai, kan dogo biyu. A zamanin da, an farautar mouflon na Cyprus tare da cheetahs da karnuka. A ƙarshen kwata na ƙarni na 19, yawan raguna ya ragu.

Amma farauta don ci gaba da himma, saboda:

• A cikin gandun daji na Troodos da Paphos, yawan dabbobin sun yi yawa,
• Nama na da dandano mai kyau
• babu farauta masu farauta tukuna.

A cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa, matsalar kawai ta kara kazanta. Yawan jama'ar tsibirin sun girma, wuraren shakatawa da ma'adinai sun bayyana, an gina hanyoyi a wuraren da ba a taɓa samun su ba, kuma an inganta makaman farauta. Jim kadan kafin yakin duniya na biyu, adadin mouflons ya ragu zuwa matsananciyar mahimmanci - kasa da 20 daga cikinsu suka ragu. Canjin gaggawa na dajin Paphos kawai zuwa cikin yankin kiyayewa ya taimaka don guje wa bala'i.

Yawancin bishiyoyin da ke yankin basu cika da itacen oak ba. Yanzu an ɗauka cewa mouflon 100-200 suna zaune a can. Dabba ya zama alama kamar kangaroo, bear, kiwi. Ana iya ganinsa a kan banki, tambarin wasika, da alama a kamfanin jirgin saman gida.

Amma a cikin daji, rago kusan ba shi yiwuwa ya rarrabe, tunda yana da jin daɗi da hankali.

Ya isa ya murkushe reshe, sauke dutse, shakar iska da ƙarfi ko yin motsi mai ƙarfi - mouflon zai ɓace nan da nan. Idan aka kwatanta da nau'in Turai, fasalin Cypriot yana da ɗan ƙarami kuma baya rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan buɗe ido, amma a cikin gandun daji.

A cewar masana binciken burbushin halittu, mouflons sun rayu a Cyprus a zamanin Neolithic. Bayanai na Girka da na Roman suna yawan ambaton farautar wadannan dabbobin. Ba shi yiwuwa a tantance ainihin adadinsu, saboda gandun daji na gida suna da yawa, ragon kuma ya haɗa da yankin da ke kusa da shi.

Mouflon Armeniya ya banbanta da tsohuwar gemun Asiya wadda aka saba. Bangaren nau'in Asiya kamar haka:

• tsayi - har zuwa 0.95 m,
• tsawon - har zuwa 1.5 m,
• nauyin jikin mutum shine 50-80,
• jujjuya ƙahonin baya tare da diamita zuwa 0.3 m.

Halayyar

Lokacin hada-hada ya fadi ne a watan Oktoba, Nuwamba da Disamba. A wannan lokacin, an kafa dabbobin mouflon 10-20. Kodayake ana ganin dabbobi ba su da ma'ana, har yanzu suna kawo damuwa da yawa ga manoma. Misali, gwamnatin Cyprus ta tilasta wajan biyan diyya mai yawa saboda lalacewar filin.

Mouflon Asiya yayi ƙaura, yana gina hanyoyin sa ta hanyar da akwai damar zuwa wuraren shayar da wuraren kiwo a mafi yawan lokuta.

Ragon yana zaune a sassan tsaunuka. Bai da ikon motsawa cikin ƙarfin zuciya a wuraren da dutse yake inda ake samun awakin jeji. Mouflons suna aiki da dare sosai. Da rana, suna bacci, tun da farko sun sami mafaka a cikin tukunyar dutse ko tsakiyar daji. Wadannan artiodactyls suna gina garken ne bisa ka'idar tsari.

Babban haɗari ga mouflon shine:

Mouflon ƙaura suna ƙaddara ta yanayin wuraren kiwo da jikin ruwa. A lokacin rani, sukan taru a cikin tsaunuka, kusa da wuraren rami na ruwa. Yayinda hunturu ke gabatowa, sukan tafi zuwa matashin ƙafa. A lokacin dumi suna yawo, suna zuwa inda ciyawar nan bata bushe ba tukuna. Sai raguna suka tattara a kusa da tafkunan da ba su bushe.

A cikin lokacin zafi, mouflons suna shakatawa a cikin inuwa. Don zama koyaushe a ciki, dabbobi a hankali suna motsawa. Wasu lokuta sukan nemi mafaka a inuwar bishiyar guda biyu kwana biyu ko uku. A waje ɗaya makiyaya ke ɗaukar kwanaki 5.

Mafi nisan garke, garken garke yana motsawa zuwa tafki (musamman da dare), kuma da rana ya koma asalin sa.

Abincin dabbobin daji

Duk raguna suna cin abincin shuka. Babban sashinta shine ganye daban-daban da hatsi. Mouflon yana jan hankali a cikin filayen. Na kore tsire-tsire, ya fi son ciyawa alkama, ciyawar feather da sedge. Amma kuma ba zai ƙi mosses, namomin kaza, berries da lichens. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna tono a cikin dusar ƙanƙara don tono Tushen da berries.

Artiodactyls da sha'awar cin kananan rassan bishiyoyi da bushes, wani lokacin gnaw foliage kuma ku ci ganye. Ana iya haɗa fitila a cikin abincin. Dabba tana buƙatar ruwa akai-akai. Mouflon yana da ikon sha ko da ruwa tare da babban gishiri.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Mouflon mace cikakkiyar balaga ta shekaru 2 da haihuwa. Babu wata hanyar da ake amfani da ita ta hanyar sauri. Tsawan ciki na wata 5 ne.

Daga ranar farko bayan haihuwar, rago zai iya bin garke. A matsakaici, suna rayuwa shekara goma da rabi. Abubuwan Asiya sun fi mummunar ci gaba a cikin gidan dabbobi fiye da "Turai".

A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, mutum zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 17. Yayin tafiyar, dabbobi suna nuna halin dattako kuma suna yin amo da yawa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, bisa ga binciken nazarin halittu, gidan asalin zuriyarsu shine Sahara, kuma mutane mafi kusanci ga magabatansu ta hanyar kwayar halitta suna zaune a Corsica da Sardinia. Sake haifuwa a cikin bauta ba ya gabatar da wata matsala. Iyakar abin da yanayin shi ne cikakken shiri.

Noma da mouflons a zaman talala shine akasarinsu shine samar da halittu tare da tumaki talakawa, alhali kuwa yana iya haɓaka halayensu na tattalin arziƙi. Zuriyar 'ya'yan zobara suna da tabbas sosai kuma suna girma da kyau. Zasu iya samun kariya ga cututtuka da dama. Kyakkyawan aviary ya ƙunshi:

• yankin kiwon dabbobi
• hadedde yankin abinci
• hay mai ciyarwa
• licks
• tafkunan ko masu shaye-shaye,
• tsari daga mummunan yanayi.

Yana da Dole a sanya aviary akan busasshiyar turɓayar ƙasa. Karka taɓa amfani da baƙin ƙarfe. Gidaje na iya ɗaukar duka ra'ayoyin Asiya, Cypriot, da Corsican. Yawan yawaitar dabbobi yayi yawa sosai. Wannan yana rage farashin kiwo, amma ya rage farashin haifuwa.

Yawan jama'a adadi ne na mutum 15 a 1 ha. An bada shawara don amfani da hanyoyi na zamani zuwa waje kiwo. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da sifofin abubuwan abinci na halitta. Yana da kyau idan tattalin arziƙin ya samar da wadataccen kayan amfanin gona, wanda akasari aka haɗa shi cikin abincin.

Mafi kyawun filayen kiwo sune waɗanda ke da filayen ciyawa daga 0.05 zuwa 0.07 m.

Da farko na bazara:

• injiniyan leveled ƙasa
• taro ne abubuwan da aka gano,
• hana baza kwari,
• duniya ta gurbata.

A cikin hunturu, mouflons suna buƙatar a ciyar da su tare da hay, gaurayawan abinci dangane da hatsi da kayan lambu, ciyar da tumaki. Keɓaɓɓen keɓewar wurin kafa gona ko lokacin jigilar sabbin mutane ya ɗauki aƙalla kwanaki 30. Duk wannan lokacin kuna buƙatar sarrafawar dabbobi. A aviary is located a cikin m ƙasa, inda dole ne akwai m gangara. Zai fi kyau idan an rufe su da tsire-tsire, saboda a can dabbar tana jin kamar tana cikin daji.

Rayuwa

A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, garken dabbobi na waɗannan dabbobin, masu lambobi sama da ɗari ɗaya, sune al'ummomin mata manya da bsan rago da ƙanana. Maza da suka balaga sun haɗu da su ne kawai a lokacin ma'ajin canjin, da ragowar lokacin da suke rayuwa dabam. A cikin mazauninsu, tumakin daji suna yin rayuwa mai taushi, suna bibiyar wuraren dako, daskararru da hutawa. Yayin tsallakewa, dabbobi suna amfani da hanyoyi guda - ingantattun hanyoyi masu kyau.

Ba'a iya ganin lokacin ƙaura na yanayi a cikin su: a cikin shekarun bushe ne dabbobi ke ƙaura don neman isasshen abinci da ruwa. An lura da motsi zuwa tsaunin tuddai tare da forages ɗinta na bazara.

Raguna na daji suna nuna manyan ayyukansu a faɗuwar rana: kafin faɗuwar rana suna zuwa makiyaya, galibi suna nesa da wuraren mafaka na rana, kuma suna kiwon ciyawa dukan dare tare da gajerun hutu don hutawa. A wayewar gari, suna zuwa mafakarsu a gorges na kankara ko a cikin inuwar yaduwar bishiyoyi masu yadawa, inda suke shirya masauki akai-akai - kusan 1.5 m) ramuka tare da ingantaccen rufin zafi.

Mafi yawa daga cikin garken mata ne da yara

Me waɗannan dabbobin ke ci?

Raguna na daji suna yin kiwo. Ya danganta da yanayin, ainihin hanyoyin samun abincinsu ya bambanta.

• Abincin bazara-bazara na tumakin dutsen yana hada da tobs, halayyar takamaiman mazaunin, harbe harbe na bishiyoyi, ciyawar bishiyoyi.
• A cikin kaka, an inganta "menu" tare da itacen oak, namomin kaza, berries, faɗuwar 'ya'yan itace.
• Daga ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara, waɗannan artiodactyls ba su dace da forage ba, don haka a cikin hunturu suna kuje yayin awoyi na hasken rana kuma suna ciyar da abin da ke cikin isa: harbe na conifers, gansakuka, ƙanƙan daji, ciyawar ciyawa.

Suna iya biyan bukatar shan ruwa koda da ruwan gishiri sosai, idan babu wani ruwa mai kyau.

Siffofin halayyar su

Tumakin tsaunin dabbobi dabbobi ne masu hankali, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don kusanci da su fiye da mita 300: haɓaka haɓaka da ƙanshi, ji, hangen nesa suna ba dabbobi damar hanzarta amsa haɗarin haɗari. Da jin barazanar, suka yi ƙara da ƙarfi, kamar mai kaifi.

Thearfin gudu da sauri, shawo kan tsayin tsayi zuwa mita 2, tsalle daga tsinkayyar mita 10 ya ba da raguna na daji don guje wa harin abokan gaba. Saurin dabbar da tsakar dabba yana da fa'ida kwarai da gaske: an jefar da kai, gaban da gaban gwiwar yana rufe, saukowa ya gudana a kafafu da ke yada yaduwa. Ko da haɗari, 'yan raguna ba sa ɓoyewa, amma sun gwammace su gudu. Banda shi ne maza, wadanda suka rasa kulawarsu ta yau da kullun a lokacin dabbar, saboda abin da suka saba zama mafarauta ko dabbar dabba. Koyaya, waɗannan dabbobin suna da sha'awar gaske: suna gudu daga mai bi, za su iya tsayawa ba zato ba tsammani su juyo, kamar dai suna nuna alamar son abin da ke faruwa.

Cutar

A cikin yanayi tare da wadataccen wadataccen abinci da wuraren zama mai kyau, tumakin jeji suna tsayayya da cuta. Mafi sau da yawa, cutar da lafiyar dabbobi da kuma sanadin mutuwarsu sune cututtukan helminthic, waɗanda aka kasu kashi da yawa:

• Fascioliasis babban kumburi ne na amai ko hanta, hanta guda biyu da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da rawar jiki, fasciola na kowa (Fasciola hepatica), ko babbar fasciola (Fasciola gigantica). M kamuwa da cuta ta larvae faruwa a lokacin rani, a watering wurare da makiyaya dake a cikin m, damp yankunan. A cikin dabbobi marasa lafiya akwai rashin ci, rauni, da rashin tausayi. A cikin garken lactating, madara zama ruwa, tumaki masu shayarwa suna da talauci, da sauri a bayan garken. Acarancin fascioliasis yana haifar da mutuwa cikin sauri tare da hepatitis, a cikin wani cuta mai rauni, dabbobi ƙarshe mutu daga gajiya.
• Moniesiosis galibi yana shafar yara dabbobi a ƙarƙashin shekara ɗaya da rabi. Wakilin helminths tef na Moniezia expansa, parasitizing a cikin ƙananan hanji, yana haifar da cutar. Cutar maye ta jinkirta ci gaban dabba, rage juriya da cutarwa, da kara hadarin kamuwa da cuta da sakandare. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai saurin lalacewa, moniesia na iya samar da tangles a wurin da ake fassarar wuri, wanda ke haifar da toshewa, juzu'iwa da lalata hanji.
• Abinda ke haifar da wakili na echinococcosis, wanda waɗannan dabbobi ke yawan kamuwa dashi, shine nau'in kumburin helminth Echinococcus granulosus. Haɓakawa a cikin kyallen hanta da huhu, echinococcus da keɓaɓɓiyar hanya yana shafar abubuwan abubuwan salula na gabobin, wanda ke haifar da lalatawar su da rikicewar ƙwayoyin cuta: raunin narkewa, gajeriyar numfashi, tari. Sakamakon mamayewa halittar echinococcal mai yawa shine mutuwar dabba.

Zuwa mafi ƙarancin, tumakin dutsen suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke kama da cuta. Daga cikin waɗannan, haɗarin ga dabbobi shine mafi yawanci bradzot - shan maye na jiki tare da gramus-anaerobic bacillus Clostridium septicum, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa.

Rashin daidaituwa (ba daidai ba) da ke ɓoye na tsoffin abubuwa na hooves, lokacin da suka ɗauki hoto mai tsayi, murguɗa ko lanƙwasa, yana haifar da canje-canje na jijiyoyin jini a cikin gidajen abinci na ƙafa. Sanadin wannan sabon abu yawanci tumaki ne na daji da ke zaune a yankuna masu laushi da ƙasa, da kuma cututtukan endocrine. Mutane daban-daban masu kama da wannan lamari suna rasa motsin su kuma suna mutuwa saboda matsananciyar yunwa ko kuma zama saukin farauta ga masu farauta.

Kiwo

Tumakin daji yakan kai ga balaga tun yana ɗan shekara ɗaya da rabi. Kodayake, idan mata suka sami damar yin takin a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, to maza suna shiga cikin aure ba a baya ba sai da shekaru uku ko hudu.

Lokacin hada-hada ya kasance daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. A wannan lokacin, mata sun kasu kashi biyu - 10-15 - dabbobi, wanda a ciki mutane manya biyu ke takara. Neman falalar waɗanda zaɓaɓɓun, suka shirya gasa ta ainihi: tun da farko sun bazu a wani wuri mai nisa (har zuwa mita 20), “masu fafatukar” suna gabatowa da ƙarfi da ƙarfi sindarin ƙaho. Ba a san adadin raunukan raunuka da raunin da ya faru a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe ba, amma faɗan na daɗewa, har ya zuwa ƙarshen nasarar abokan hamayyar.

Korar nasara da aka yi nasara a ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe ba ta faruwa ba, kuma ƙasa da lessan maza za su iya shiga cikin murfin mata, ban da na masu rinjaye. Bayan balaga, waɗannan dabbobin ba su haifar da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa (haɓaka) ba: bayan sun kammala aikinsu, maza sun bar garke, suna zaune shi kaɗai kuma ba sa shiga cikin tsare zuriya.

Haihuwa na mata tsawon watanni biyar. Yin yanka na mata yana faruwa a farkon Afrilu. Tumaki yakan kawo 'yan raguna guda ɗaya ko biyu: threean jarirai uku ko huɗu a cikin riɓi ɗaya basuda yawa. Sa'o'i biyu bayan haihuwar, jarirai sun sami damar tsayawa a ƙafafunsu kuma suna bin mahaifiyarsu. A makonni huɗu na farko 'yan raguna suna ba da abinci ta madara kaɗai ga mahaifiya, kuma daga ƙarshe da suka sami ƙarfi, sai suka koma makiyaya.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan yara an haife su 1-2, da wuya lokacin da ƙari

Matsakaiciyar rayuwa

A cikin yanayinsu na rayuwa, suna rayuwa a matsakaici sama da shekaru 8. Wannan lokaci ana kara shi zuwa shekaru 10-15 a cikin rashin makiya - lynxes, Wolves Wolves, Wolverines, da kuma lokacin da aka ajiye su a wuraren kiwon dabbobi, farauta gonaki, ajiyar yanayi, inda ake kirkirar yanayi mai kyau ga dabbobi. Akwai lokuta idan, lokacin da ake kiwon dabbobi, tare da yiwuwar samun kulawar dabbobi da kuma tabbatar da kulawa ta dace, tumakin dutsen sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 19.

Bukatar Ma'aikata

Lokacin ƙirƙirar tsari, yakamata a yi la’akari da tsarin dabarun aikin dabba.

• abinci mai gina jiki,
• karancin dalilai na damuwa (kusancin magabata, yanayin rashin yanayin yanayi),
• ikon motsi
• kasancewar ƙungiyar jinsin da ta dace,
• da begen haihuwa.

An tsara abubuwan more rayuwa na yin la'akari da yanayin ƙasa, yanayin ƙasa, kasancewar wuraren kiwo kuma yakamata ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan asali:

• musamman wurare don ciyar da dabbobi da kuma gudanar da al'amuran dabbobi,
• hadaddun ciyar da dandamali
• hay feeders
• gyada gishiri,
• Wuraren ko tafki don tabbatar da wadataccen ruwan sha,
• mafaka ta yanayi.

Soilasar da akan gina filayen mouflon ya kamata ta bushe da dutse.

Lokacin shigar da shinge, ba a yarda da amfani da murfin katako.

Hakanan ana iya kiyaye morslons na Corsican a gida

Kiwo

Babban adadin kiyaye wadannan dabbobin a wurare masu matukar muhimmanci yakan rage farashin kayan masu mallakar gonaki kuma a lokaci guda ya cutar da darajar haihuwa. Domin nasarar kiwo na mouflons, mafi ƙarancin adadin yawan mutane shine manya 15 a kowace hectare 1 na yankin aviary. A wannan yanayin, ƙungiyar kiwo ya ƙunshi mata uku waɗanda zasu iya ba da zuriya, da namiji ɗaya, a shirye don haifuwa.

Idan ana kiwon tumaki na daji cikin bauta, ana amfani da tsarin kiwo na zamani. A lokaci guda, yakamata mutum yayi la’akari da ƙayyadaddun abincin dabbobi a cikin yanayin halitta kuma ya kula da girma amfanin gona waɗanda suka zama babban tushen kayan abinci.

Kwararru na Aviary suna ba da shawarar ciyawar mouflon a wuraren da matsakaicin ciyawar ke 5 cm cm (a farkon da ƙarshen lokacin lactation a cikin mata, lokacin da ake buƙatar rage abinci, wannan an nuna izinin raguwa). Bugu da kari, wajibi ne don a kai a kai, kowace bazara, matakin kasar gona na babban makiyaya, bincika shi don kasancewar abubuwan ganowa, da kuma hana yaduwar ciyawar da ke yada cututtukan cututtukan. A cikin abincin hunturu na waɗannan dabbobi sun haɗa da hay, hatsi da kayan haɗin kayan lambu, ciyarwar fili don raguna.

Daidaitaccen sarari wurin buɗe shinge, aiwatar da mahimman halayen kiyayewa da ciyar da dabbobi, rigakafin dacewa da matakan kula da dabbobi na iya haɓaka inganci da riba ta kiwon tumaki na daji a gonaki.

A karni na 20, tumakin dutsen sun zama abin farauta koyaushe, yawansu ya fara raguwa sosai. Amma sun sami sha'awar ceton jinsin a kan lokaci, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kare mazauninsu, kuma an kirkiro ajiyar yanayi.

Yanzu da yawa gonaki na kokarin shigar da su zuwa ga aviary hanyar rayuwa. Ainihin, waɗannan dabbobi ne waɗanda aka haifa don yin rayuwa a gida. Kiwonsu ba shi da wahala ga manomi gogaggen, kuma adadin waɗannan ɗan adam zai ƙaru ne kawai.