Hoton mikiya mai banƙyama ya ƙawata suturar makamai ta Amurka. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasar babu shakka akwai kyakkyawan tsuntsu kyakkyawa da girman daraja - mikiyar teku ta Steller. Da fari dai, yana da girma fiye da ɗan uwan sa na ƙasashen waje, kuma na biyu, a cikin ɓarkewar gaggafa na Steller, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da fari suna haɗuwa sosai.
Inda yake zama
Jirgin teku na Steller yana da matukar kyau a Gabas ta Tsakiya, an watsa shi a gefen tekun Bering da Okhotsk, a cikin yankin Amur, Kamchatka, arewacin Sakhalin, Shantar da Kuril Islands. Yawan wannan maharbin yana da barga. Wasu tsuntsaye suna yin rayuwa mai tazara, wasu kuma suna yin yawo a gefen gabar teku ta hanyar da ta dace. A cikin hunturu, ana samun wannan nau'in a Kamchatka, Sakhalin, a cikin yankin Khabarovsk, Primorye, Koriya ta Arewa da Japan (a tsibirin Hokkaido).
Menene kamarsa
Jirgin ruwa na Steller na daya daga cikin wakilan da suka fi daukar nauyinsu. Massarancin wasu mutane na iya kaiwa kilo 9. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar tsayin jiki shine cm 10, kuma fikafin shine cm 68. Babban launi daga cikin firam shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Sai kawai goshi, na sama na fuka-fuki, haske da gashin fuka-fukan a jikin fikafikan sun zama fari. Haka ne, suna da wuya su rikice tare da wasu tsuntsaye! Farin rawaya mai haske na gaggafaɓar teku na Steller yana da girma sosai. Bayan haka, tare da maƙallan hancinsa, shi ne babban makami akan farauta. Ana samun irin wannan kayan tsuntsu ne lokacin da ya kai shekaru uku. Plwararrun tsuntsayen matasa sun fi kyau kuma ba su da keɓaɓɓu.
Rayuwa
Jirgin ruwa na Steller yana zaune a gabar teku, yana cike da gandun daji, ƙananan koguna da wuraren waha da ke kusa da tekun. Sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata don mazauninsu shine kasancewar tafkunan kifaye masu kifi da bishiyoyi masu tsayi waɗanda tsuntsayen ke gina mazaunin su.
Jirgin teku na Steller a cikin jirgin sama
Tabkuna masu saukar ungulu na Steller suna gina manyan gidansu a tsaunin 7 zuwa 20 m daga ƙasa. Girman dutsen yana kusan 1.5 m, tsayinsa ya kai kimanin muni 1. Firam na mazaunin yana kunshe da manyan rassa (yawanci larch), kuma takalmin yana da layi tare da ganyayyaki da mai tushe na ganye na bara. A matsakaici, ana amfani da gida ɗaya na shekaru biyar zuwa shida. Matsakaicin sananne shine shekaru 15. Kowace shekara, tsuntsaye suna sabunta sheƙansu kuma suna cika su idan ya cancanta. Yana faruwa cewa ɗayan biyun suna da mazaje da yawa a lokaci ɗaya kuma tana amfani dasu da kyau.
Jirgin teku Steller yakan kama ganima, yana sauka ƙasa da ruwa ko kuma tarko, zaune akan dutse ko kan dutse. Farautar ta fara da jirgin sama mai sintiri: tsuntsu sama da kandami ya bayyana da'irori tare da nisan mitoci 500 zuwa 800 a nisan 20 zuwa 40. Tunda ya sami kifi, mikiya yakan sauko tare da yanayin laushi kuma yayi kokarin kama abincinsa. A wasu halayen, tsuntsu ya kama ganima a ƙoƙarin farko, amma mafi yawan lokuta yakan sanya da yawa (har zuwa goma) jefa kafin ya mallaki ganima.
A lokacin rani, mikiya ta maci a saman teku tana ciyar da salmon Far Eastern, irin su salmon ruwan hoda, kifin kirim, kifin masara da sauransu.Ya kuma kama tsuntsaye (guillemots, ducks, gulls, ravens), hares, muskrats, sabili, hatimin samari, kuma baya ƙin ɗaukar hoto. Don haka, a cikin hunturu a Primorye, yakan ci asarar gonakin dabbobi, tsirrai masu sarrafa nama, da filayen jana'izar dabbobi.
An sani cewa a cikin bauta waɗannan tsuntsayen sun tsira zuwa shekaru 44.
Kiwo
Lokacin da yake kusan shekaru hudu, tsuntsaye suka yi nau'i-nau'i. Dukansu a zaman talala da kuma cikin daji, gaggafa a bakin teku na Steller na haifar da nau'i biyu kuma don rayuwa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin kaka, lokacin da zaɓin abokin tarayya ya riga ya faru, tsuntsayen suna gina gida mai al'ada, wanda, duk da haka, ba sa haifar su a gaba. Wannan wani irin gwajin gashin tsuntsu ne, saboda zasu fara haihuwar zuriya tun yana akalla shekaru bakwai.
A cikin huɗɗun akwai daga ƙwai ɗaya zuwa uku, waɗanda yawancinsu mata ke yinsu har kusan kwanaki 36. Iyaye suna ciyar da kawunansu sau biyu zuwa hudu a rana. Matasa, kwanan nan aka watsar da gaggafa a gabar teku Steller ana iya gani a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta.
Yawan jama'a
Kimanin nau'i-nau'i 500 a Kamchatka, kusan nau'i-nau'i 400 a Yankin Amur na ƙananan, da kuma kusan nau'i-nau'i 100 a Sakhalin.
Wannnan babban mai farauta a lokacin bazara a Kamchatka ya mutu sakamakon gajiya, a arewacin Sakhalin launin ruwan kasa bears ya lalata gida. Bugu da kari, an kashe mason din saboda tsinkayen bakaken fata da sabulu. Akwai wasu lokuta da aka sani da laifin farauta yayin da aka harbe tsuntsayen manya don yin dabbobi masu kaya, kuma an cire kajin daga wasu mazaunan don gudun su na gaba. A Japan, tsuntsaye suka zama wadanda ke fama da gubar dalma.
Yana da ban sha'awa
Abin lura ne cewa a karo na farko da aka kawo bayanan Turai game da wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga balaguron farko na balaguron farko na Kamchatka, George Steller. Abin da ya sa ake kiran Turanci sunan gaggawar tsuntsayen gaggafa a teku kamar "gaggafa." Ya kuma kira launi da wannan gaggafa magrib. Lallai, tare da idanuwa tsirara ana iya ganin cewa launin launi na gaggafa na teku Steller yana matukar tunawa da launi mai rushewa da kayan maye.
Rarrabawa
Mulkin: dabbobi (Animalia).
Nau'i: chordates (Chordata).
Fasali: tsuntsaye (Aves).
Squad: Falconiformes (Falconiformes).
Iyali: shaho (Accipitridae).
Jinsi: gaggafa (Haliaeetus).
Duba: Fuskar teku na Steller (Haliaeetus pelagicus).
Juyoloji na zama
Jirgin teku na Steller ya zauna a yankin Kamchatka Peninsula da gabar Tekun Okhotsk. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun zama ruwan dare a kudancin Koryak Upland, a cikin kwarin kogin Penzhina. Haka nan, ana samun wadannan tsuntsayen a saman iyakar Amur, a arewacin Sakhalin, a tsibirin Kuril da kuma Koriya. Jirgin teku Steller yakan tashi zuwa Arewacin Amurka, Japan da Arewacin China. Koyaya, a waje da ƙasar Rasha, ana iya samun magabacin Pacific a lokacin ƙaura lokacin hunturu.
Tsuntsayen gida kawai a ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha, ƙaura yanayi lokaci suna faruwa daban-daban kuma a cikin ƙananan rukuni sau biyu a shekara - daga Maris zuwa Mayu kuma daga ƙarshen Oktoba. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, gaggafa suna zaune a bakin tekun, kuma suna tashi da wuya cikin taiga.
Bakin gaggafa na gaggawar Steller a sama. Jirgin ruwa na Steller na teku ya mutu.
Bayyanar
Mafi girma daga gaggafa na iya kaiwa tsawon 115 cm, kuma tsawon reshen ya banbanta tsakanin 57-69 cm, fuka-fuki ya fi girma cm 250. nauyin mutum ya dogara da jinsi, don haka nauyin namiji yakai kimanin 7-7.5 kilogiram, kuma na mace 8 -9, wasu daga cikin 'yan' matan 'suna da nauyin kilogram 12.
Abubuwan launuka na dimbin mutane sun hada duhu launin ruwan kasa da fari, ƙasa da kullun akwai tsuntsayen da launin launin ruwan duhu mai launi ɗaya. A kan babban tushen fuka-fukan gashin fuka-fukai, fararen fuka-fukan akan fuka-fukan, fuka-fukan farin wutsiya sun bayyana a matsayin wani wuri mai haske, goshin tsuntsu da kuma kwalliyar kafafu wadanda aka zana su a launi iri (tsuntsu ya zama “fararen wando”). Wannan kayan yana bayyana a cikin tsuntsaye masu shekaru 4-5.
An zana jigon matasa gaggafa a gabar Pacific a cikin launi mai laushi mai launin haske tare da mottles na haske.
Pauduna da baki na tsuntsu suna fitowa a matsayin wuri mai haske a kan asalin abin da ya fashe - suna rawaya mai haske, wani lokacin har ma da launi mai launi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan baki mai ƙarfi yana bayyane a ƙarshen paws ɗin, tare da jijiyoyi na musamman don riƙe ganima.
Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin ɓoye ba ya ɓatar kuma an bayyana shi kawai a cikin taro na tsuntsu. Sanar da kansa a gaggafa ya fara ne a tsakiyar watan Mayu kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa farkon Oktoba. An maye gurbin ƙananan gashin tsuntsu lokaci guda tare da manyan.
Beak na Steller's Sea Eagle. Hoton gaggawar teku na Steller. Jirgin teku na Steller a sararin sama. Jirgin teku na Steller. Jirgin teku na Steller.
Abinci da Halaye
Don mazauninsa, tsuntsu yana zaɓar ƙananan ƙananan rafuffuka tare da gandun daji da kuma ƙasan tekun, za su iya tsayawa a kan tuddai da manyan tafkuna, a tsibirai da kankara cikin kwarin kogin. Wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa cikin masu cin naman dare, suna aiki ne da rana kawai.
Ba gaggafa a jiragen ruwa na Pacific kawai suke, amma gourmets mai kyau - suna ciyar da abincin ne kawai. Manya da manyan matsakaitan kifaye sun fi yawa a cikin abincin, suna ba da fifiko ga kifin kifin kifi, kuma har yanzu tsuntsaye ba sa ƙin dabbobi masu shayarwa - hares, foxes arctic, ƙananan like. Sauran 'yan uwan da aka ba da fata na iya zama ganima a gaggafa, sau da yawa capercaillie, bargo, ducks da gulls sun kama maƙiyi. Wasu lokuta kuma tsuntsayen sukan ci abinci mai lalatar ruwa - ɓarna da mollusks. Yaraion ba safai sosai ba a cikin abincin tsuntsaye.
Wadannan tsuntsaye suna farauta kamar ainihin abubuwan aristocrats. Da farko, sun yi zurfi a kan teku, suna neman ganima, da zaran an samo shi, sai tsuntsu ya saukar da sauri, ya kwace ruwan su ya tafi. Tsuntsu zai iya riƙe kifi mai nauyin kilo 4 tare da firam ɗin sa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine, saboda girmanta mai girman gaske, gaggafa ba zata iya nutsewa ba, a maimakon haka, ta sauko tare da jirgin sama, shirin, faduwa cikin iska, ana iya kwatanta fadinta da jirgin ganye mai fadi. Mikiya tana cin abincinta ba tare da wata alama ba, tana karyewa da babban bege, da ƙone da ƙashi.
Yunkurin gaggafa na teku Jirgin teku na Steller tare da ganima. Jirgin ruwa na Steller na farautar kifi. Fuskar teku ta Steller "tana karɓar" kifin da aka jefa masa, Vladivostok. Jirgin ruwa na Steller ya kama kifi.
Manyan girma ba sa barin tsuntsu ya kasance a cikin iska na dogon lokaci, a matsayin mai mulkin, lokacin jirgin bai wuce minti 30 a kowace rana ba. Wannan yanayin halayen yana tantance wurin zama na tsuntsu a bakin tekun tekun don samun damar zuwa abinci da wuri-wuri.
Gaggafa a teku na Steller ma suna da abokan gaba - waɗannan su ne dame, sabulu da bears.