| Shekaru: | Rayuwa jerin zaɓi ne na yau da kullun waɗanda suke da sakamako. Tsuntsu na Migratory fim ne mai fasali game da mace, makomar ɗanta ya dogara da zaɓin da ta yi.
Julia ta bar garinsu shekaru 20 da suka gabata kuma ba ta taɓa dawowa can ba. Sannan tayi ciki. Duk waɗannan shekarun, ba ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar dangin ta ba. Julia ta koma Moscow kuma duk waɗannan shekarun da farin ciki suna zaune tare da ɗanta. Amma matsala ta mamaye gidanta. Wasan yana cikin wani yanayi mara kyau kuma yanzu yana jiran kurkuku. Matar tana cikin matsananciyar damuwa kuma ba ta san yadda za ta taimaka wa ɗan ba, amma saboda ceton sa, ta kasance a shirye don komai.
Ma'aikatan ma'aikatu na musamman sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da matsayin mahaifiyarsu. Ko da shekaru 20 da suka gabata, mahaifin Julia ya jagoranci ɗayan ƙungiyoyin masu laifi waɗanda ke yin yaƙi a cikin birni. Duk waɗannan shekarun, an gudanar da farauta na gaske ga mutum, amma ba wanda ya sami ikon kama mai laifi. Yanzu hukumomin tabbatar da doka suna jujjuya ga Julia don neman taimako, kuma a cikin dawowar su suna ba da tabbacin samun freedoman ta. Mace na bukatar komawa garinsu, ta kulla dangantakarta da mahaifinta, ta sanya kanta cikin amana tare da mika dukkan bayanan da sukeyi game da ayyukan sirrin.
Tsuntsaye masu hijira
Ta hanyar yanayin ƙaura yanayi, tsuntsaye sun kasu kashi biyu, ƙaura, ko ƙaura. Bugu da kari, a karkashin wasu yanayi, tsuntsaye, kamar sauran dabbobi, za a iya fitar dasu daga kowane yanki ba tare da komawa baya ba, ko a mamaye (shigar da su) zuwa yankuna da suke da mazauninsu na dindindin, irin wannan matsugunin ba shi da alaka da ƙaura kai tsaye. Ficewa ko gabatarwar na iya danganta da canje-canje na halitta a cikin yanayin - gobara ta daji, gandun daji, magudanar fadama ruwa, da dai sauransu, ko tare da sake tsara wani nau'in halitta a cikin iyakantaccen yanki. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, an tilasta wa tsuntsaye neman sabon wuri, kuma irin wannan motsi ba wata hanya da za a haɗa ta da salon rayuwarsu ko kuma lokutan yanayi. Ana kiranta gabatarwar sau da yawa azaman gabatarwa - da niyyar sake nau'ikan jinsin zuwa yankuna da basu taɓa zama ba. Na ƙarshen, alal misali, sun haɗa da tauraron ɗan adam. Sau da yawa ba zai yiwu ba a ce ba sau ɗaya ba cewa wata nau'in tsuntsayen da aka zaunar dashi ya ke, yana yawo, ko kuma ƙaura: yawan birni iri ɗaya, har ma tsuntsayen iri ɗaya, suna iya yin halayen dabam. Misali, wren a cikin mafi yawan kewayon, gami da kusan dukkan Turai da Kwamandan kudanci da tsibirin Aleutian, suna zaune, a cikin Kanada da arewacin Amurka yana ta zirga-zirga don nesa ba kusa ba, kuma a arewa maso yammacin Rasha, a Scandinavia da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya ƙaura ce. A cikin talakawa tauraron dan adam ko blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) yanayi yana yiwuwa yayin da, a cikin wannan yanki, wani yanki na tsuntsaye a cikin hunturu yana motsawa kudu, wani ɓangare ya tashi daga arewa, kuma wani ɓangaren ya zauna.
Tsuntsayen Sedentary
Tsuntsayen da aka zazzage su ne waɗanda suke riko da wani ƙaramin yanki kuma ba sa motsawa daga waje. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan irin wadannan tsuntsaye suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayin da canjin yanayi bai shafi wadatar abinci ba - yanayin canjin yanayin da ƙasa ke ciki. A cikin yanayin zafin da ke arewacin, akwai 'yan kalilan irin wannan tsuntsayen, musamman synanthropes - tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa kusa da mutumin kuma sun dogara da shi: tattabara, shuru, babban gida, launin toka, shuda da sauransu. Wasu tsuntsayen marasa galihu, ana kiranta Saddad, a waje da lokacin kiwo, yana motsawa zuwa wurare marasa mahimmanci daga wuraren nishaɗinsa - a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sun hada da capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse, parti arba'in da talakawa oatmeal. .
Tsuntsaye masu yawo
Tsuntsayen Nomadic sune tsuntsayen da ke motsawa koyaushe daga wuri zuwa wuri don neman abinci daga lokacin kiwo. Irin waɗannan motsi ba su da wata alaƙa da hawan keke kuma gaba ɗaya sun dogara da wadatar abinci.
A cikin Rasha, tsuntsayen nomadic sun hada da titmouse, nuthatch, jay, crossbill, pike, siskin, bullfinch, waxwing, da sauransu.
Tsuntsaye masu hijira
Tsuntsayen da suke ƙaura suna yin motsi na yau da kullun a tsakanin wuraren da ake kewayarsu da wuraren hunturu. Mahalli zai iya komawa zuwa nesa da dogon nisa. Dangane da masana kimiyyar kere-kere, matsakaicin tashin gudu na karamin tsuntsu ya kai kimanin kilomita 30 / h, kuma ga manyan tsuntsayen kusan 80 km / h. Sau da yawa yakan wuce cikin matakai da yawa tare da tsayawa don hutawa da ciyarwa. Karamin tsuntsu, ya fi guntu nesa da suke iya sarrafawa a lokaci daya: kananan tsuntsaye na iya tashi gaba har tsawon awanni 70 - 90, yayin da suke rufe nesa har zuwa 4000 km.
Tsarin Hanyoyi
- Migaurawar ƙaura.
- Hijira na juyawa.
- Hijira na da'ira. A lokacin ƙaura madauwari, hanyoyin bazara da na kaka ba su dace da juna ba.
Za'a iya yin jujjuyawar hanyar ko ta wata hanya (daga wannan yanki zuwa wani yayin kula da shimfidar wuri), ko kuma a tsayar da shi tsaye (zuwa tsaunika da biyun).
Hanyoyin tafiya
Hanyoyi na ƙaura cikin tsuntsaye iri dabam-dabam ne. Ga tsuntsaye a arewacin hemisphere, alamu ne tashi daga arewa (inda tsuntsaye suke a gida) zuwa kudu (inda suke hibernate) da kuma akasin haka. Irin wannan motsin halayen halayyar ɗan iska ne da keɓaɓɓun yanki na arewaci na arewa. Wannan jujjuyawar ya samo asali ne daga sahihan dalilai, wanda shine mafi girman abin da ya rataya a wuyan kuzari - a lokacin rani a cikin latitude na arewacin, sa'o'in hasken rana yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ba wa tsuntsayen jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun dama don ciyar da 'ya'yansu: idan aka kwatanta da nau'in tsuntsaye na wurare masu zafi, ƙaddamar da kwanansu ya fi girma. A cikin kaka, idan aka rage tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana, tsuntsayen su yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ke da ɗumi, inda wadataccen abinci yake da saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi.
Littattafai
- ↑ 12 Bogolyubov A. S., Zhdanova O. V., Kravchenko M. V. “Littafin tunani akan al'adun gargajiya. Yunkurin tsuntsayen ”Moscow,“ Yanayin kasa ”, 2006 akan layi
- ↑An gabatar da nau'in Encyclopedia Britannica. Karanta 2008-09-02
- ↑ Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, David A. Christie “littafin Jagora na Tsuntsaye na Duniya, Vol. 10: Cuckoo-Shrikes to Thrushes »Lynx Edicions. 2005. ISBN 84-87334-72-5
- ↑ Yankin Binciken Cibiyar Binciken Dabbobin daji na Arewa. Tsarin Muhalli na Hijira. Karanta 2007-09-02
- ↑ 12 Berthold, P. 1993. hijirarsa Bird: binciken gabaɗaya. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, Amurka.
- ↑ 12 Thomas Alerstam "Tsuntsu na Bird" Latsa Jami'ar Cambridge
- ↑Gudun hirar Bird na Jami'ar i Oslo. Karanta 2007-09-02
Gidauniyar Wikimedia. 2010.
Share
Pin
Send
Share
Send
