Deer na Dauda ko Milu - yana nufin keɓaɓɓiyar dabba ce, wacce aka jera a cikin Littafin Duniya Red a matsayin nau'in haɗari. An dauki shi daya daga cikin dabbobi masu saurin kaiwa hari a doron kasa, tunda an lalata shi gaba daya a cikin daji, kuma mutane ne kawai ke kiyaye ta.
Fitowar deer shima yana da ban sha'awa. Haƙiƙa, a cikin dabba ɗaya, abubuwan da suke kamar ba jituwa aka haɗe su. Hatta Sinawa, inda barewar suka zo, sun yi imani cewa yana da kofukai kamar saniya, wuyan doki, cinya da wutsiyar jakin. Ko da ɗayan suna na Sinanci - “sy-pu-xiang”, a cikin fassarar tana kama da "rashin ƙarfi guda huɗu".
Davidov deer babban dabba ne a manyan kafafu. Nauyinta ya kai kilo ɗari biyu a cikin maza, mace arean kadan ne. Tsawon dabbar a wurin mayu yakai santimita ɗari da ashirin, kuma tsawonsa ya kasance daga mita ɗaya da rabi zuwa mita biyu. A kan karamin elongated kai located nuna kunnuwa. Wutsiyar mitoci rabin mita tana da buroshi, kamar jaki. Hanyoyin hannu suna da fadi tare da dogayen kasusuwa da kuma kashin baya.
Duk jikin dabbar an rufe shi da gashi mai laushi da dogon gashi. Duk bayan bango daga wutsiya zuwa kai shine gyaɗa gashi. Maza suna da ƙananan maƙa kuma a gaban wuyan.
Duban gashi mai launin ruwan hoda-ja a lokacin dumi, kuma a lokacin hunturu sai ya zama mai launin toka tare da duhun duhu duk ɗayan baya, ɓangaren ciki kuma ya zama haske. Baya ga gashi, dabbar tana da gashi mai tsotsan gashi wanda ya kasance duk shekara.
Fahariyar beer ta ƙaho. Suna da girma, zasu iya kaiwa santimita tamanin. Suna da matakai guda huɗu da aka ja da baya (ga dukkanin ƙahonin da ke gaba da fata), kuma ƙananan tsarin ya kasu kashi shida. Maza kawai suna da ƙaho. Suna zubar da su kowace shekara a ƙarshen Disamba. A maimakon tsohon, sabon tsari ya fara girma, wanda a watan Mayu ya zama cike ƙaho mai kafa biyu.
Kamar yadda muka fahimta, dabba da ke da irin wannan yanayi mai ban mamaki bazai iya kasawa da sha'awar mutumin da a farkon kusan lalata nau'in ba, kuma yanzu ya taurare ne a cikin ta.
Bayani a takaice
Dabbar Dauda wata dabba ce da ta ɓace gabaɗaya cikin daji shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Wasu masana sun yi imani da cewa wannan ya faru ne a karni na II BC, wasu - a cikin XIV, a zamanin daular Ming. Dabbobi suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Tsakiya da Tsakiyar China. Dalilin rasa jinsin halittar shi ne cewa barewar tana da karancin haihuwa, kuma kamawar ta ba ta kulawa da ita, guguwar daji ta haifar da hijirar dabbar da mutuwar su.
Wanda ya fara kokarin kiyaye ra'ayin shi ne Sarkin Sinawa, wanda ya hana farautar dabbobi ga kowa ban da danginsa kuma suka tattara wani karamin garken a cikin Nanyang Imperial Park, wanda ke kewaye da babban shinge. Zurfin ya isa Turai ne kawai a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da masanin kimiyyar Faransa da mishan Jean-Pierre Arman David ya isa China tare da tawagar diflomasiyya. Ya yi godiya ga kokarin da himmarsa ta yadda sarkin ya ba da izinin fitar da deer da yawa a wajen kasar. Dabbobin sun yi kauri a Ingila, duk da cewa ana kokarin yin kiwo cikin Faransa da Jamus, amma ba su yi nasara ba. Deer ya sami suna don girmama mutumin da ya kawo su Turai. Ya zama godiya ga kokarinsa cewa an kubutar da wannan ra'ayi daga bacewar gaba daya daga fuskar duniya, tunda nan da nan, masifa ta mamaye China, da farko kogin Rawaya ya mamaye bankunan kuma ya mamaye yankuna masu yawa, filin shakatawa inda barewar ta aminta, bangon ya rushe kuma wasu dabbobin suka nutsar, kuma wani sashi ya gudu kuma mafarautan suka kashe shi. Kuma ko da ƙaramin adadin da aka ceci, a cikin 1900, an kashe 'yan tawaye. Don haka, asalin ƙasar tarihi ta ɓace wakilan wannan nau'in.
A yau, ana samun barewar Dauda a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi da yawa a cikin duniya, akwai ɗumbin dabbobi da yawa a total. Kuma a ƙarshen karni na 20, an kawo ƙawar Dauda zuwa mahaifarsa ta tarihi, inda a cikin yanayin Dafin Milu ya keɓe yawan jama'arsa yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Masana kimiyya a duniya suna fatan cewa ba da daɗewa ba, dabbobi za su bar rukunin kariya na EW na Littattafan Duniya ta Red, kuma za su zauna a cikin daji. Aƙalla a yau, ana ƙoƙari da yawa a cikin wannan shugabanci.
Siffofin halayyar dabbobi
Makarfar Dauda garken dabbobi ne da ke zama ƙungiyoyi, suna iyo sosai. A cikin ruwa na iya daukar lokaci mai tsawo. Yana ciyarwa akan abinci iri-iri.
Lokacin da lokacin dabbar ke farawa, maza sun rabu da garken kuma suna fara yin faɗa a tsakaninsu domin mace. Deer yayi yaƙi ba kawai tare da ƙaho ba, har ma da hakora da kafafu na gaba. Bayan da aka zaɓi mace da yawa, deer yakan kiyaye su a cikin lokacin kiwo, ya ƙi abinci, ya rasa nauyi kuma ya raunana sosai, amma cikin sauri zai warke bayan haka. Farkon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi yana bayyana ne ta hanyar ƙaramar ihu. Yana farawa a lokacin bazara, galibi a tsakiyar watan Yuni da Yuli. Matar tana da juna biyu na watanni tara. An haifi jariri wanda bai wuce kilogram goma sha uku ba, tare da tabo mai launi, wanda ke canzawa yayin da ƙwaryar ta girma. Balaga yana faruwa a shekara ta uku. A matsakaici, bawan Dauda yana rayuwa kimanin shekara goma sha takwas. Duk tsawon rayuwarta, mace ba zata iya ciyar da fiye da kafa uku ba, saboda haka haifuwar wannan nau'in tayi saurin tafiya.
Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari na artiodactyl - Dauda yana ƙarƙashin ikon likitocin dabbobi, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar duniya don adana ta. Me yasa dabbobi kusan su bace, waɗanne abubuwa ne suka faru gabanin wannan? Yaya deer yayi kama, ina yake zaune, menene sifofinsa? Amsoshi da hotuna a cikin labarin.
Abin da ya faru da rare artiodactyl
A tsawon tarihin wanzuwar sa, Dauda ya kasance yana ƙarshen halaka sau biyu. Ta yaya hakan ta faru? A farkon zamaninmu, mutane sun yi "haɗuwa" tare da deer mai ƙahonin ƙaho. Amma “sadarwar” tana farauta ne don naman don samun nama mai daɗi, fata da kaho. Rashin ciyawar saurin saurin unzuzzuka a Tsakiyar China, farauta da ba a sarrafa ba ya haifar da kusan lalata dabbobi da ba safai ba. Godiya ga sarkin kasar Sin a karni na 2 AD an sami adadi kaɗan na mutane. An kama su an zaunar da su a cikin Bujin Farauta na Imperial.
Hankali! Deer, mazauna gandun daji na Sinawa, sun banbanta da damar yin iyo, sabanin sauran nau'in halittu. Sabili da haka, marshes din ya kasance wurin zama mai kyau.
An ba da izinin farauta dabbobi masu shayarwa kawai don sufaye na sarauta. A tsakiyar karni na 19 Babban jami’in diflomasiyyar Faransa Jean Pierre Arman David ya iya shawo kan sarkin China ya fitar da wasu mutane zuwa Turai. Ya gano cewa wannan nau'in halitta ce wanda kimiyya ba ta sani ba. A Ingila, ƙwararren ƙwararrun dabarun zamani, waɗanda aka sanya wa sunan mai ganowa, sun sami damar yadawa. Kuma filin shakatawa na Sinawa na rashin tsaro, abin takaici, ya zama wurin da mutuwar barewar take. Babban ambaliyar ruwan Kogin Rawaya ya lalata ganuwar dajin ya kuma mamaye dajin. Kusan dukkanin dabbobi sun nutsar, kuma waɗanda suka yi nasarar tserewa sun lalace a lokacin tawayen kasar Sin a farkon shekarar karni na 20. An ceci dabbobin da suka rasa muhallansu na mu’ujiza a Turai.
Yaƙin duniya na biyu bai yantar da su ba ko ɗaya. Kimanin mutane 40 suka rage - an yanke shawarar mayar da bareyin zuwa gandunan da ke kasar Sin. Wurin mutuwa ya zama sabon mazauni. Ga "brainan kwakwalwar Dauda" ƙirƙirar reserve, inda kusan wakilai dubu 1 ke zaune yanzu.
Hali, al'adu, salon rayuwa
Sinawa masu lura da al'amura sun ba da barewa da sunan Turai da kuma wani suna - "Xi Lu Xiang", "ba kamar guda huɗu ba" Wanene? Gaskiyar ita ce cewa daga waje barewar da aka tattara a bayyanar ta alamun dabbobi da yawa:
- hooves kamar saniya
- wuya kamar rakumi
- baƙin
- jakin wutsiya.
"Ga alama ba haka ba ne." Artiodactyl yana da launin ruwan kasa-birki a lokacin rani, launin toka a cikin hunturu. Girma a ƙasan 40 cm, tsayi har zuwa 2 m tare da nauyin kimanin 200 kilogiram. Shugaban yana karami, dan kadan elongated, idanun suna beads, kunnuwa kusan kusan triangular - kaifi. "Horniness" ya kai ga girman sarauta - girman "kambi" ya girma har kusan 90 cm.
Hankali! Zurfin Dauda shine mai mallakar ƙaho na musamman waɗanda wasu nau'in ba su da su. Processasan tsari ya sami ikon reshe, yana samar da tukwici har guda 6. Babban "rassan" ana jagoranta baya.
A halin yanzu, "Si Lu Xiang" tana zaune ne kawai a cikin yanayin wuraren kiwon dabbobi da kuma ajiyar ajiyar kasashen China da Turai. Dabbar tana iyo da annashuwa. Yana shiga cikin ruwa "a kafaɗa" kuma yana iya kasancewa a cikin wannan matsayi na dogon lokaci. Deer yana zaune a cikin garken dabbobi, namiji, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da "harem" na mata da yawa. Dabba mai alfahari ta cinye zaɓaɓɓunta a yayin yaƙin da takeyi da abokan hamayya yayin wasannin matsi Yayin yaƙin, ana amfani da ƙaho, kafafu na gaba har ma da hakora.
Kyakkyawan wakilin dabbobi masu ban tsoro, da sa'a, ana samun ceto daga halakar. Wataƙila nan gaba kadan zai iya yiwuwa a saki dabbobi a cikin asalinsu - dabbobin daji.
Maɗaukaki: bidiyo
Jikin yana da tsawo, kafafu suna da girma, kai yana da tsawo da kunkuntar, wuyansa kuma gajeru. Kunnuwa suna nuna, gajere.
Babu wani fur da aka sa a maƙallan dutsen. Wutsiya tana da tsawo, tana da gashi mai tsawo.
Makaryacin Dauda yana da matsakaici a girma. A tsayin daka, waɗannan dabbobin sun kai santimita 150-215, kuma cikin tsayi kusan 140 santimita. Zurfin Dauda ya kai kilogiram 150-200.
Gashi a tsawon yayi girma zuwa santimita 87. Suna da kama sosai, babu wani nau'in barewar da yake da irin wannan nau'in: zuriya daga cikin babban akwati suna kallon baya, kuma mafi ƙanƙantar tsari mafi tsayi kuma zai iya reshe, wani lokacin yana da ƙarshen har zuwa 6.
A lokacin rani, launin launi na baya na barewar Dauda launin rawaya-launin toka, kuma ventral gefen haske mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa.
Kusa da wutsiya akwai karamin “madubi”. A cikin hunturu, launi ya zama launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Matasa suna da haske mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da digo-fari-mai rawaya.
Deer na David Zurfin Dauda ya mutu amma an mai da shi nau'in halitta. Matsayi na iri a cikin yanayi
Rawar Dauda ta kusan kusan lalacewa, a halin yanzu tana rayuwa ne cikin bauta. An ba da wannan dabbar ne bayan masanin binciken dabbobi Arman Dauda, wanda ya kalli garken tumaki na karshe na kasar Sin, ya kuma sanya al'umma zuwa matsayi mai kyau wajen kiyaye wannan yawan, sunan na biyu wanda Milu ne.
Menene sunan Si-pu-xiang?
Sinawa suna kiran wannan dabba mai suna "Si-pu-hsiang," wanda ke nufin "ba ɗaya cikin huɗu ba." Wannan sabon bakon suna yana nufin yadda barewar Dauda take kallo. Nau'in barewa yayi kama da cakuda huɗa kamar saniya, amma ba saniya ba, wuƙa kamar raƙumi, amma ba raƙumi ba, amma ba bare ba, wutsiyar jaki, amma ba jaki ba.
Shugaban dabbar yana da bakin ciki har da elongated with kananan kaifi kunnuwa da manyan idanu. Bambanta tsakanin barewa, wannan nau'in yana da ƙaho tare da babban alamar ɓangaren ɓangaren na fari wanda aka shimfiɗa ta hanyar. A lokacin rani, launinta ya zama ja, a cikin hunturu - launin toka, akwai ƙaramin abu, kuma tare da bango na duhu mai duhu. Idan ana ganin alamun wakilai masu ban tsoro, to, a gabanmu akwai saurayin barewar Dauda (hoto a ƙasa). Suna kama da motsawa sosai.
Bayar da rayuwar Dauda
Zurfin Dauda ya rayu a wurare masu laushi na Tsakiya da Arewacin China. A tsakiyar karni na XIX, an kiyaye adon Dauda kawai a cikin shingen farauta na sarki. A wannan wuri ne aka gano asirin a cikin 1865 wani mishan daga Faransa, David. Ya fitar da mutum ɗaya zuwa Turai a cikin 1869, kuma a yau waɗannan deer a cikin adadin kimanin mutane 450 suna zaune a cikin dukkanin manyan wuraren yankuna na duniya.
Kuma a China, an lalata deer na Dauda a shekarar 1920 yayin tawayen dambe. A shekarar 1960, aka sake karbar barewa zuwa mahaifarsu.
Yadda bawan Dauda yayi halinsa a cikin vivo ba a bayyane yake ba. Wataƙila, waɗannan dabbobin sun zauna tare da gabar ruwa. Abincin waɗannan dabbobi ya ƙunshi ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Rawar Dauda tana zaune a garkunan dabbobi da yawa. Lokacin mating yana faɗi a watan Yuni-Yuli. Cutar ciki tayi kimanin kwanaki 250. A watan Afrilu-Mayu, ana haihuwar barewa 1-2. Balagagge na su yana faruwa ne a watanni 27, kuma a lokuta da dama, suna iya girma a watanni 15.
Bayanin barewar Dauda
Jikin yana da tsawon 180-190 cm, tsayin kafada shine 120 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine 50 cm, nauyin kuma shine nauyin 135.
Masarauta dabbobi ne, nau'in ya zama dabino, aji shine dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsari shine artiodactyls, suborder shine zantuka, dangi shine barewa, asalin shine deer na Dauda.
Wannan nau'in yana da dangi na kusa da su kwatancin:
Kudancin Munchak (Muntiacus muntjak),
Barewar Peruvian (deer antisensis),
Kiwo
Tun da barewar Dauda kusan ba a same ta a cikin daji ba, ana lura da yanayin halayenta yayin da ake garkuwa da ita. Wannan nau'in na zamantakewa ne kuma yana rayuwa a cikin manyan garkuna, ban da na lokaci kafin da bayan lokacin kiwo. A wannan lokacin, maza suna barin garken zuwa fatima kuma suna da ƙarfi suna ƙaruwa da ƙarfi. Namiji yakan yi faɗa da abokan hamayya don gungun mata masu ƙaho, haƙora da goge-goge. Mata ma ba su yin gasa da gasa don hankalin namiji; sun ciji juna. Cikakken gaggarumar nasara sun mamaye kuma kamar yadda maza suka fi dacewa da mace.
Yayin balaga, maza kusan basa ciyarwa, tunda duk abin da aka sadaukar shine ya mallaki mamayar mace. Sai bayan hadi na mace ne manyan maza suka fara cin abinci sake da sauri ta sake yin nauyi. Lokacin kiwo ya cika kwanaki 160, yawanci a watan Yuni da Yuli ne. Bayan lokacin haila na kwanaki 288, mace ta haihu da guda ɗaya ko biyu. Fawns suna nauyin kilo 11 a lokacin haihuwa, a daina ciyar da madara uwa a watanni 10-11. Mace sun isa ga balaga bayan shekara biyu, kuma maza a cikin shekarar farko. Tsofaffi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekara 18.
Farkawa daga zuriyar Dauda
Tarihin wannan dabbar misali ne na yadda mahimmancin kula da dabbobi yake a cikin bauta don adana nau'ikan dabbobi. Dabbobin Dauda sun lalace a cikin ƙasarsu; wannan nau'in zai iya ɓace gabaɗaya idan ba a zaunar da wasu dabbobi a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi da yawa a Turai ba.
Guda ɗaya ne kawai wanda ya fara tattara dukkan barewar Dawuda tare kuma ya haɗa su cikin karamin garken. Wannan ya taimaka kubutar da dangin daga rugujewar gaba daya.
Ba a kula da barewar Dauda ba, amma a lokaci guda ba a san su da dabbobin daji ba. A zamanin tarihi, maharfin Dauda ya zauna a kan babbar tudu a China.
Mutanen daji sun daina wanzuwa daga 1766 - 1122. BC, lokacin da daular Shangia ta hau mulki. A wannan lokacin, sun fara sarrafa filayen da barewar ke zaune, don haka suka tafi. Kusan shekaru 3,000, ana kiyaye barewa a wuraren shakatawa. Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta suka gano halittar ta hanyar kimiyya, garken tumaki daya ne suka tsira a cikin Hutar farauta ta Kudancin Beijing. A shekara ta 1865, Bajamushe ɗan ƙasar Faransa Armand David ya sami damar ganin barewa ta shingen dajin, inda Turawa ba za su iya wucewa ba. Don haka an gano waɗannan dabbobin.
A shekara mai zuwa, Dauda ya samo fatun dabbobi guda 2 daga cikin wadannan dabbobi ya aika zuwa Paris, inda Mil-Edwards ya bayyana su. Daga baya, aka kwashe jigilar rayawa zuwa Turai, kuma zuriyarsu suka zauna a wasu wuraren kiwon dabbobi da yawa.
A shekara ta 1894, Kogin Rawaya ya zube, wanda ya rushe bangon dutse da ke kewaye da Park na Imperial, dabbobin kuma suka bazu. Maƙiyana da yawa sun rasa rayukansu. Kalilan ne kawai suka tsira, amma a cikin 1900 an lalata su yayin aukuwa na dambe. Fewan barewa ne kawai aka ɗauke su zuwa Beijing. Ya zuwa shekarar 1911, barewar David guda biyu ne kawai suka tsira a China, amma bayan shekaru 10, su biyun sun mutu.
Halaye
Maza suna ƙaunar “yi wa” ƙahonsu tare da ciyayi, suna jingine su a cikin daji da kuma huɗa iska. Don lokacin hunturu a watan Disamba ko Janairu, an watse ƙaho. Ba kamar sauran jinsin ba, deer na Dauda yakan yi sautin kuwwa.
Yana cin ciyawa, ciyayi, shuki da alkama.
Tunda babu wata hanyar da za a lura da wannan ƙungiyar a cikin daji, ba a san ko menene abokan gaban waɗannan dabbobi ba. Wataƙila damisa, damisa.
Habitat
Wannan nau'in ya bayyana a lokacin Pleistocene wani wuri a kusa da Manchuria. Halin ya canza yayin Holocene, bisa ga ragowar dabbar (dabbar Dauda).
Ina ne wannan jinsin yake zama? Asalin da ake kyautata zaton wurin zama ne da ciyayi mai cike da ciyayi da wuraren da aka rufe murar ruwa. Ba kamar yawancin barewa ba, waɗannan suna iya iyo sosai kuma suna cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci.
Tun da barewa suna zaune a cikin busassun ƙasa, sun kasance masu sauƙin farauta ga mafarauta, kuma a ƙarni na 19 yawan jama'arsu yana raguwa da sauri. A wannan lokacin, Sarkin China ya koma babban garken zuwa “Royal Hunt Park”, inda naman daji ya yi yaduwa. Wannan shinge an kewaye shi da bango mai tsawon mita 70, an hana shi kallonta harma da jin zafin mutuwa. Koyaya, Armand David, ɗan mishan na Faransa, wanda ya jefa rayuwarsa cikin haɗari, ya gano nau'in kuma waɗannan dabbobin sun ba shi sha'awa. Dauda ya shawo kan sarki ya ba da namomi da yawa don a aika zuwa Turai.
Ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin Mayu 1865, masifar masifa, suka kashe adalin Dauda da yawa. Bayan haka, mutane kusan biyar ne suka rage a cikin shakatawa, amma a sakamakon tashe tashen hankulan, Sinawa sun dauki wurin shakatawa a matsayin wani yanki mai kariya kuma suka ci ciyawar ta karshe. A wancan lokacin, a cikin Turai, an ba da waɗannan dabbobin ga mutum mutum casa'in, amma a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, saboda ƙarancin abinci, yawan mutanen ya ragu zuwa hamsin. Weed ya tsira sosai saboda ƙoƙarin Bedford da ɗansa Hastings, daga baya Duke na 12 na Bedford.
Persarfin mutum ɗaya ya ceci barewar
Wadannan abubuwan sun haifar da ra'ayin Duke na Bedford don ƙirƙirar garken garke a Wuberna, kuma saboda wannan ya zama dole don haɗu da duk dabbobin da ke daga wuraren kiwon dabbobi daban-daban na Turai tare. A cikin shekarun 1900-1901 ya tattara mutane 16. Garkunan kiwo sun fara girma, kuma a 1922 akwai mutane 64 a ciki.
Nau'in halitta: Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards. Wani nau'in Dauda yana cikin gidan kayan tarihin Paris.
Mai ba da Taki
Wurin haifan waɗannan dabbobin waje shine China, inda aka kirkira ajiyar dabi'a a wurinsu, inda ake ajiye mutane sama da 1000.
Gidan Yanayin Dafeng ya zama gidan Dauda. Yana da mafi girman nau'ikansa a duk duniya, akwai can mafi yawan adadin Milu na zaune.
Dafeng National Nature Reserve ya mamaye yanki mai girman hekta 78,000, an kirkireshi ne a shekarar 1986 a gabar tekun gabas
Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari na artiodactyl - Dauda yana ƙarƙashin ikon likitocin dabbobi, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar duniya don adana ta. Me yasa dabbobi kusan su bace, waɗanne abubuwa ne suka faru gabanin wannan? Yaya deer yayi kama, ina yake zaune, menene sifofinsa? Amsoshi da hotuna a cikin labarin.
Labarin
A cikin Turai, waɗannan ƙazamai sun fara fitowa a tsakiyar karni na 19 saboda godiya ga firist ɗin Faransa, mishan da masanin dabi'ar halittar Armand David, wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa China kuma ya ga waɗannan ciyawar a cikin rufaffiyar tsare ta. A wannan lokacin, a cikin daji, bareyin ya riga ya mutu, ana tsammanin, sakamakon farauta da ba a sarrafawa ba a zamanin daular Ming (1368-1644). A shekarar 1869, Sarki Tongzhi ya gabatar da wasu mutane da yawa daga cikin wadannan dillalan Faransa, Jamus da Burtaniya. A Faransa da Jamus, deer ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba, kuma a cikin Burtaniya sun tsira saboda godiya ga Duke 11th na Bedford, wanda ya kiyaye su a kan hanyarsa. Woburn (eng. Gidauniyar Woburn ) A lokacin, abubuwa biyu sun faru a kasar Sin kanta, a sakamakon ragowar barewar daular ta mutu gaba daya. A shekara ta 1895, ambaliyar ruwa ta faru sakamakon zubar da Kogin Rawaya, kuma tsoratar da dabbobi sun tsere zuwa wani rami a bango sannan ko dai nutsar dasu cikin kogin ko kuma baƙi sun ragu ba tare da amfanin gona ba. Sauran dabbobin sun mutu a lokacin Tafti na dambe a cikin 1900. Reproduarin haɓaka sirar Dauda ya fito ne daga mutum 16 waɗanda suka rage a cikin Burtaniya, waɗanda suka fara farawa a hankali a cikin wuraren dabbobin daji daban-daban na duniya, ciki har da, farawa a 1964, cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi a cikin Moscow da St. Petersburg. Ya zuwa 1930s, yawan nau'in ya kusan mutane 180, kuma a halin yanzu akwai ɗaruruwan dabbobi da yawa. A watan Nuwamba na 1985, an gabatar da rukunin dabbobi zuwa Dafin Milu Yanayin Halittar. Dafeng milu ajiye ) kusa da Beijing, inda suke tsammani sun rayu sau ɗaya.
Wanene Arman Dauda, bayan wa an ba da sunan nau'in barewa daga China: soja, mishan, jami'in diflomasiya, mai zane?
Wanene Arman Dauda, bayan wa? A yau muna da kalandar Asabar, 14 ga Maris, 2020, a kan Tarkon Kayan Haɗuwa akwai wani wasan kwaikwayon da aka yi tambaya "Wane ne yake so ya zama miliyoyin kuɗi?" A cikin ɗakin studio akwai 'yan wasa kuma suna karbar bakuncin Dmitry Dibrov.
A cikin labarin za mu bincika ɗayan batutuwan ban sha'awa da rikitarwa na wasan yau. Labari ne na yau da kullun, na al'ada, tare da cikakken nazari game da wasan talabijin "Waye yake so ya zama Millionaire?" An riga an shirya don bugawa akan gidan yanar gizo na Sprint-Amsa. amsoshi ga 03/14/20. Kuna iya ganowa a ciki ko 'yan wasan sun sami wani abu a yau, ko sun bar ɗakin studio ba tare da komai ba. A halin yanzu, bari mu matsa zuwa wata tambaya ta daban game da wasan da kuma amsar da za ayi.
Wanene Arman Dauda, bayan wa?
Deer David wani nau'in barewa ne da ba a san shi ba, wanda a halin yanzu an san shi a zaman bauta, inda ake samun saurin sannu a hankali a cikin gidajen dabbobi daban-daban na duniya kuma ana gabatar da su a cikin ajiyar ƙasar ta China. Masanan dabbobi sun nuna cewa, wannan nau'in asalin ya rayu ne a wurare masu wahala a arewa maso gabashin China.
Baƙon Faransa Baƙon Arman David ya zo China kan al'amuran diflomasiya kuma ya fara haduwa da barewar Dauda (waɗanda aka sanya sunayensu daga baya). Bayan tattaunawar shekaru da yawa kawai ya shawo kan sarki ya ba da izinin ficewar mutane zuwa Turai, amma a Faransa da Jamus dabbobin sun mutu cikin sauri. Amma sun ɗauki tushe a cikin ƙasar Ingilishi, wanda kuma muhimmin mataki ne na maido da yawan jama'a.
- soja
- mishan
- jami’ar diflomasiya
- mai zane
Arman David (7 ga Satumba, 1826, Espelet (kusa da Bayonne)) - Nuwamba 10, 1900, Paris) - Bawan Mishan na Li'azaru, kazalika da likitan dabbobi da kuma ilimin dabbobi.
Yawancin rayuwarsa yayi aiki a kasar Sin. Mafi kyawun da aka sani da mai binciken (don ilimin Turai) na babban panda da barewa Dauda. An kuma bayyana shi a matsayin sabon tsiro mai zurfi don kimiyya.
An Koma Daga Zuriyar Dauda
Suna sauri dawakai dawakai a cikin duhu, suka ja girts kuma suka tsara umarni. Denisov ya tsaya a gidan wajan, yana ba da umarni na karshe. Ofan takarar jam'iyyar, ya kashe ƙafa ɗari, ya yi gaba a hanya, da sauri ya ɓace tsakanin bishiyun a cikin hazo. Esaul ya ba da umarnin wani abu ga Cossacks. Petya ya ci gaba da dokinsa a lokaci, yana jiran umarni ya zauna. Wanke a cikin ruwan sanyi, fuskarsa, musamman idanunsa sun ƙone da wuta, jin sanyi yana gudu ƙasa da baya, kuma wani abu yana girgiza da sauri kuma a ko'ina cikin jikinsa.
"Lafiya, komai ya gama muku?" - in ji Denisov. - Ku zo kan dawakai.
An ciyar da dawakan. Denisov ya yi fushi da Cossack saboda gaskiyar cewa cinch ba shi da ƙarfi, kuma, bayan ya raba shi, ya zauna. Petya ɗauki tsoka. Doki, ba tare da al'ada ba, yana son ciji ƙafarsa, amma Petya, ba ya jin nauyinsa, da sauri ya tsalle cikin sirdi kuma, yana duban hussar, wanda ya koma baya cikin duhu, ya hau zuwa Denisov.
- Vasily Fedorovich, za ku iya danƙa mini wani abu? Da fatan za ... don Allah ... - in ji shi. Denisov kamar ya manta ne game da kasancewar Petit. Ya dube shi.
"Game da ku г о у о о, он ya ce da ƙarfi," Ku yi mini ɗa'a kuma kada ku yi kutse ko'ina.
Yayin duk lokacin canja wuri, Denisov bai faɗi kalma da yawa tare da Petya ba kuma ya hau a shiru. Lokacin da muka isa gefen gandun daji, filin yana da haske sosai. Denisov ya yi magana da raɗaɗin ga esaul, kuma Cossacks sun fara wucewa ta hanyar Petit da Denisov. Lokacin da dukansu ke tuƙi, Denisov ya taɓa dokinsa kuma ya hau ƙasa. Suna zaune a kan gadajensu, suna zura ido, dawakai sun sauko tare da mahayansu cikin rami. Petya yana tuƙi kusa da Denisov. Rawar jiki a jikinsa duka ya kara karfi. Yana yin haske da haske, hazo kawai ya boye abubuwa masu nisa. Bayan ya koma ƙasa ya waiwaya baya, Denisov ya ɗora kansa kan Cossack ɗin da ke tsaye kusa da shi.
- Alamar! Ya ce.
Cossack ya ɗaga hannunsa, harbi ya tashi. Kuma a lokaci guda an sami ɗaɗɗaya a gaban dawakai masu gudu, suna kururuwa daga fuskoki daban-daban har yanzu suna harbi.
A daidai lokacin da aka fara jin karar tsawa da tsawa, Petya, bayan ya doki dokinsa ya sake sakin jikin, bai saurari Denisov yana yi masa tsawa ba, ya dago. Ga alama Petya cewa ba zato ba tsammani, kamar yadda a tsakiyar rana, ya haskaka asuba lokacin da aka ji karar. Ya tashi zuwa gadar. Kayan kwankwasiyya sun ci gaba a hanya. A kan gadar, sai ya ruga da gudu zuwa Cossack, ya ci gaba. A gaba, wasu mutane - lallai ne Bafaranshe ne - sun gudu daga gefen dama na hanyar zuwa hagu. Fellaya daga cikin ya fada cikin laka a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun dokin Petya.
Cossacks sun cika makil a cikin bukka ɗaya, suna yin wani abu. Daga tsakiyar taron sai aka ji wani mummunan kururuwa. Petya ya yi tsalle sama da wannan taron, kuma abu na farko da ya gani shine fuskar Bafaranshe, mai palo tare da girgiza ƙasa mai girgizawa, yana riƙe da kololufin da ke nuna shi.
- Hooray. Guys ... namu ... - Pete ya fashe da kuka, yana ba reran doki mai harshen wuta, ya yi birgima a gefen titi.
A gaba aka ji Shots. Cossacks, hussars da fursunoni na Rasha, suna gudu daga ɓangarorin biyu na hanya, duk suna ihu da ƙarfi. Saurayi, ba tare da hula ba, tare da jan fuska mai launin ja, Bafaransheen cikin rigar shudi da ke bakin mayafi daga bakin hussars. Lokacin da Petya yayi tsalle, Bafaransheen ya riga ya faɗi. Har yanzu ya makara, ya fantsama a kan Petya, sai ya koma ya koma inda ake jin karar harbe-harben da ake yi akai-akai. An harbe harbi a farfajiyar wancan gidan mai kyau inda yake tare da Dolokhov a daren jiya. Faransawa sun zauna a can bayan bangon da ba a sani ba a cikin wani yanki mai cike da tarin yawa, cike da lambun bushes kuma suka harbe harbin Cossacks a ƙofofin. Yana zuwa bakin ƙofar, Petya cikin hayaki mai foda ya ga Dolokhov tare da launin payo, fuska mai launin shuɗi, yana ihu ga mutane. “Ba wata hanya! Jira maraya! ” Ya yi ihu, yayin da Petya ya hau shi.
- jira. Uraaaa. - ya fashe da kuka Petya kuma, ba tare da bata lokaci ba lokaci guda, ya tsallaka zuwa wurin da ake jin harbi da inda hayaki ya yi kauri. An sami wasan wuta, ɓarna a ɓoye da harsasai a wani abu. Cossacks da Dolokhov sun bi Petya cikin ƙofofin gidan. Faransawa, cikin hayaki mai saurin birgewa, wasu sun jefa makamai suka gudu daga daji don haduwa da Cossacks, wasu sun gudu ƙasa zuwa ƙuriyar. Petya ya hau kan dokinsa tare da kotunan gidan kuma a maimakon riƙe reins, sai ya yaye hannayensa biyu baƙon da sauri, ya ci gaba da gaba daga sirdi zuwa gefe ɗaya. Doki, bayan ya gudu zuwa cikin wuta mai kunnawa da safe, ya huta, kuma Petya ya fadi da ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa mai jika. Cossacks ya ga yadda hanzarin hannunsa da kafafunsa ya juya, duk da cewa kansa baya motsawa. Wani harsashi ya harbe kansa.
Bayan ya tattauna da babban jami'in Faransa, wanda ya je masa daga bayan gidan tare da saka kansa a jikin takobinsa kuma ya sanar da cewa suna mika wuya, Dolokhov ya sauka daga dokinsa ya tafi wurin Petya, wanda ya shimfiɗa makamai, tare da miƙe makamansa.
"Karatunsa," in ji shi, ya juya, ya bi ta ƙofar zuwa Denisov, wanda yake zuwa wurinsa.
Deer na Dauda ko Milu - yana nufin keɓaɓɓiyar dabba ce, wacce aka jera a cikin Littafin Duniya Red a matsayin nau'in haɗari. An dauki shi daya daga cikin dabbobi masu saurin kaiwa hari a doron kasa, tunda an lalata shi gaba daya a cikin daji, kuma mutane ne kawai ke kiyaye ta.
Fitowar deer shima yana da ban sha'awa. Haƙiƙa, a cikin dabba ɗaya, abubuwan da suke kamar ba jituwa aka haɗe su. Hatta Sinawa, inda barewar suka zo, sun yi imani cewa yana da kofukai kamar saniya, wuyan doki, cinya da wutsiyar jakin. Ko da ɗayan suna na Sinanci - “sy-pu-xiang”, a cikin fassarar tana kama da "rashin ƙarfi guda huɗu".
Davidov deer babban dabba ne a manyan kafafu. Nauyinta ya kai kilo ɗari biyu a cikin maza, mace arean kadan ne. Tsawon dabbar a wurin mayu yakai santimita ɗari da ashirin, kuma tsawonsa ya kasance daga mita ɗaya da rabi zuwa mita biyu. A kan karamin elongated kai located nuna kunnuwa. Wutsiyar mitoci rabin mita tana da buroshi, kamar jaki. Hanyoyin hannu suna da fadi tare da dogayen kasusuwa da kuma kashin baya.
Duk jikin dabbar an rufe shi da gashi mai laushi da dogon gashi. Duk bayan bango daga wutsiya zuwa kai shine gyaɗa gashi. Maza suna da ƙananan maƙa kuma a gaban wuyan.
Duban gashi mai launin ruwan hoda-ja a lokacin dumi, kuma a lokacin hunturu sai ya zama mai launin toka tare da duhun duhu duk ɗayan baya, ɓangaren ciki kuma ya zama haske. Baya ga gashi, dabbar tana da gashi mai tsotsan gashi wanda ya kasance duk shekara.
Fahariyar beer ta ƙaho. Suna da girma, zasu iya kaiwa santimita tamanin. Suna da matakai guda huɗu da aka ja da baya (ga dukkanin ƙahonin da ke gaba da fata), kuma ƙananan tsarin ya kasu kashi shida. Maza kawai suna da ƙaho. Suna zubar da su kowace shekara a ƙarshen Disamba. A maimakon tsohon, sabon tsari ya fara girma, wanda a watan Mayu ya zama cike ƙaho mai kafa biyu.
Kamar yadda muka fahimta, dabba da ke da irin wannan yanayi mai ban mamaki bazai iya kasawa da sha'awar mutumin da a farkon kusan lalata nau'in ba, kuma yanzu ya taurare ne a cikin ta.
Jinsuna: Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards = Deer Dauda, Milu
Harshen halittar shine kawai jinsin: barewar Dauda - E. davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866.
Girma da ƙwar Dauda matsakaici ne. Tsawon jikin mutum kusan 150-215 cm ne, tsawon wutsiya shine 50 cm, tsayinsa a ƙasan yashi ya kai santimita 115-140. Ragewar zuriyar Dauda shine kilogiram 150-200. Jikin yana da tsawo, wata gabar jiki babba. A wuyan wucin gadi ne, kai yana da tsawo da fadi. Bayanin saman makariyar Dauda kai tsaye. Kunnuwa suna gajeru, nuna. Ofarshen maƙarfanci tsirara ne. Wutsiya tana da tsawo tare da gashin elongated. Hannun yatsun tsakiya suna da girma, a kaikaice suna da kyau kuma suna taɓa ƙasa yayin tafiya akan ƙasa mai laushi. Akwai ƙaho biyu na barewar Dauda, waɗanda suka kai tsawon 87 cm, suna da kyau sosai (ɗaya ne tsakanin maɗaukakin wannan nau'in): ana aiwatar da ayyukan babban akwati ne kawai a baya, mafi ƙanƙanci kuma mafi tsayi daga rassan su daga babban akwati, yana jujjuya da centan santimitau daga kwanyar, kuma yana iya reshe kanta (wani lokacin yana da har zuwa ƙarshen 6). A lokacin rani, launin launi na bayawar Dauda ya yi launin toka-mai-toɗi, ciki mai haske launin-ruwan-hoda. Akwai karamin “madubi” kusa. A cikin hunturu, launi na barewar Dauda launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Young haske m-kasa-kasa da kasa mai rawaya-fari aibobi. Cutar ciki da metatarsal skin gland ba ya nan. Thearfin mahalli na barewa Dauda suna da girma sosai.
Kwanyar tana da tsayi da fadi. Bangaren gaban yana ɗan ɗauka a hankali. Kasusuwa na lacrimal tare da babban fossae na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na infraoral. Abubuwan banbancin ɗabi'a suna da tsayi kuma kunkuntar. Umsararrakin sautin binciken ƙashi na ƙarami.
Tsarin cromosomes a cikin deer David 68.
A bayyane yake, magudin Dauda ya zauna a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan wurare na Arewacin da Tsakiyar China. Ya zuwa tsakiyar karni na XIX, an kiyaye shi kawai a cikin shingen farauta na mashigar kusa da birnin Beijing, inda mishan Faransawa David ya gano shi a cikin 1865. An fitar dashi zuwa Turai ne a cikin 1869, kuma a halin yanzu ana samun silar Dauda a cikin dukkanin wuraren kiwon dabbobi mafi girma na duniya a cikin kusan dabbobi 450. Muhimmin misali na barewar Dauda a kasar Sin ya mutu a lokacin tawayen dambe a cikin shekarar 1920. A shekarar 1960, aka sake samun daukaka a kasar Sin.
Ba a san yanayin rayuwar dabbar Dauda ba, amma, a fili, ya rayu tare da gabar jikin ruwa a cikin yankuna. Dajin Dauda yana ciyar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa. Ana kiyaye ta ta garken daban-daban. Mating yakan faru a watan Yuni - Yuli. Cutar ciki a cikin barewa Dauda yana kwana 250-270. Mace suna kawo barewa 1-2 a watan Afrilu - Mayu. Girma daga zuriyar Dauda ya faru ne a 27, da wuya a watanni 15.
Deer na David - E. davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866.
Labarin barewar Dauda misali ne tabbatacce misali na rawar da garkunan garkuwa da mutane ke garkuwa da su za su iya takawa wajen adana dabbar da ba kasada ba. An lalata wannan barewar a mahaifarta kuma da zata shuɗe gabaɗaya idan takamaiman samfurori basu ci gaba da zama a wuraren shan dabbobin turai ba. A yunƙurin mutum ɗaya, an tattara dukkan dabbobin don ƙirƙirar ƙaramin garken kiwo don haka ya tserar da halittar daga mutuwa.
Babban launi na barewar Dauda ja ne mai launin toka. Partashin ƙasa na ƙafafu ya fi sauƙi, ciki ya kusan fari. Wutsiya ta fi ta sauran barewa, har ta kai diddige, a ƙarshen siririnsa.Hanyoyi suna da fadi sosai. Kaho kuma sun banbanta da sauran 'yan dangi: dukkan abubuwan da suke aiwatarwa an koma dasu kuma an kare su daga karshen. Wani lokacin de yakan maye gurbin ƙaho sau biyu a shekara. Dearamin saurayi suna da farin tabo fari akan fata.
Ba a mallaki wannan barewar ba kuma a lokaci guda ba'a san ilimin kimiya a matsayin ainihin dabbobin daji ba.
A zamanin tarihi, deer ya kasance yalwatacce kuma ya yadu a sararin samaniyar arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin, daga misalin Beijing zuwa Hangzhou da lardin Hu-nan.
Daga cikin zurfin Daular, Dauda ya daina zama tun daga zamanin daular Shang (1766 - 1122 kafin Hijira), lokacin da aka fara noma filayen da yake zaune. Kusan shekaru 3,000, an ajiye dabbar a wuraren shakatawa. A wannan lokacin, lokacin da barewar take buɗe don ilimin kimiyya, garken tumaki ɗaya kaɗai aka kiyaye su a Non Hai-Dzu (Tafkin Kudu) - a cikin Farauta ta Kudancin Kudancin Beijing. Mashahurin dan kasar Faransa Abbot Armand David (wanda aka sanya wa sunan sa) a 1865 ya bude shi, lokacin da ya yi kokarin fadawa shingen wani shingen da ke da tsaro, inda aka hana Turawa shiga.
A shekara ta gaba, Dauda ya sami damar samun fatalwar fata biyu kuma ya aika zuwa Paris, inda Mil-Edwards ya bayyana su. Daga baya, an tura samfurori masu rai da yawa zuwa Turai, kuma zuriyarsu sun zauna a cikin gidajen dabbobi da yawa.
A shekara ta 1894, a lokacin da ake malalar Kogin Rawaya, wani bango dutse mai nisan sama da kilomita 70 a kewayen dajin Farauta ya lalata, kuma bareyin ya bazu a kusa da makwabtaka da inda baƙi ke kashe su.
Destroyedan dabbobin da suka tsira da yawa sun lalata cikin 1900 yayin tawayen dambe. Animalsan dabbobi ne suka rage waɗanda aka kawo zuwa birnin Beijing. A cikin shekarar 1911, bareyi biyu ne kawai suka rage a kasar Sin, bayan shekaru goma kuma duka biyu suka fadi.
Bayan irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a China, Duke na Bedford ya yanke shawarar kafa garken a Wubern, tare da hada dukkan dabbobin da ke cikin dabbobi daban-daban a Turai. Tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1901 Ya yi nasarar tattara barewa goma sha shida. Garkunan da ke cikin Wuberna sun fara girma, kuma a shekara ta 1922, bareyi 64 ne.
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, adadin kiwo ya ƙaru sosai har ana iya yin amfani da ragin don kafa garken a wasu ƙasashe, a shekarar 1963 adadin ya zarce 400. A shekarar 1964, motar ta samu cikakkiyar nasara yayin da gidan kewayen London ya aiko da kofe huɗu zuwa China, inda an zaunar da su a Zoo na Beijing, rabin karni bayan wannan nau'in ya bace a cikin kasar.
Ana yin rajistar shekara-shekara na adadin kudan Dauda ne ta E. Tong, darektan Whipsneyd Zoo, wanda aka buga a cikin International Yearbook of Zoos.
(D. Fisher, N. Simon, D. Vincent "The Red Book", M., 1976)
Deer na David Zurfin Dauda ya mutu amma an mai da shi nau'in halitta. Rayuwa & Halayyar zamantakewa
Deer na Dauda ko Milu - yana nufin keɓaɓɓiyar dabba ce, wacce aka jera a cikin Littafin Duniya Red a matsayin nau'in haɗari. An dauki shi daya daga cikin dabbobi masu saurin kaiwa hari a doron kasa, tunda an lalata shi gaba daya a cikin daji, kuma mutane ne kawai ke kiyaye ta.
Fitowar deer shima yana da ban sha'awa. Haƙiƙa, a cikin dabba ɗaya, abubuwan da suke kamar ba jituwa aka haɗe su. Hatta Sinawa, inda barewar suka zo, sun yi imani cewa yana da kofukai kamar saniya, wuyan doki, cinya da wutsiyar jakin. Ko da ɗayan suna na Sinanci - “sy-pu-xiang”, a cikin fassarar tana kama da "rashin ƙarfi guda huɗu".
Davidov deer babban dabba ne a manyan kafafu. Nauyinta ya kai kilo ɗari biyu a cikin maza, mace arean kadan ne. Tsawon dabbar a wurin mayu yakai santimita ɗari da ashirin, kuma tsawonsa ya kasance daga mita ɗaya da rabi zuwa mita biyu. A kan karamin elongated kai located nuna kunnuwa. Wutsiyar mitoci rabin mita tana da buroshi, kamar jaki. Hanyoyin hannu suna da fadi tare da dogayen kasusuwa da kuma kashin baya.
Duk jikin dabbar an rufe shi da gashi mai laushi da dogon gashi. Duk bayan bango daga wutsiya zuwa kai shine gyaɗa gashi. Maza suna da ƙananan maƙa kuma a gaban wuyan.
Duban gashi mai launin ruwan hoda-ja a lokacin dumi, kuma a lokacin hunturu sai ya zama mai launin toka tare da duhun duhu duk ɗayan baya, ɓangaren ciki kuma ya zama haske. Baya ga gashi, dabbar tana da gashi mai tsotsan gashi wanda ya kasance duk shekara.
Fahariyar beer ta ƙaho. Suna da girma, zasu iya kaiwa santimita tamanin. Suna da matakai guda huɗu da aka ja da baya (ga dukkanin ƙahonin da ke gaba da fata), kuma ƙananan tsarin ya kasu kashi shida. Maza kawai suna da ƙaho. Suna zubar da su kowace shekara a ƙarshen Disamba. A maimakon tsohon, sabon tsari ya fara girma, wanda a watan Mayu ya zama cike ƙaho mai kafa biyu.
Kamar yadda muka fahimta, dabba da ke da irin wannan yanayi mai ban mamaki bazai iya kasawa da sha'awar mutumin da a farkon kusan lalata nau'in ba, kuma yanzu ya taurare ne a cikin ta.
Halin sihiri na Dauda
Manyan bera, tsawo a kafadu 140 cm, a cikin sacrum 148 cm, tsayin jiki 215 cm. Gaban yadudduka suma sunada girma, masu gaba suna dan guntu sama da na baya, suna da na sama a baya wadanda suka wuce na baya, glandon a gefen gaban tsakanin yatsunsu basa nan, glandon metatarsal na iya kasancewa ko zama ba ya nan. Hannun kafafu suna da fadi, tare da wani yanki mai dogon zango wanda yake shimfida nisa daga diddige zuwa yatsun kafa zuwa gefe. Motsa kai na gida suna da tsawo. Tsakaninsu akwai fili mara kyau, damƙar da yake haɗe da hooves, tsirara kuma. Hind hooves karami, gewaye a gefuna a kan kafafu kafafunsu ƙasa da yadda hannu biyu biyu. A cikin hunturu, an rufe ƙafafu da gashi mai kauri fiye da lokacin rani. Shugaban, elongated a gaban sashi, tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba. Barearancin sararin samaniya a hanci yana da girma, kusan yana rufe ƙoshin hanci, mai kama da Cervus, wanda ke ɗauke da manyan aladun wusles. Girman glandan preorbital suna da yawa. Kunnuwa sun kasance ƙarami, kunkuntar, sau da yawa fiye da wutsiya. (Tsawon kunnuwan kusan 7 cm). Wutsiyar wannan halittar, idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbar, tana da tsawo, tsayi tare da gashi kusan 53 cm, babu gashi 32 cm, silili, tare da dogon gashi a cikin irin gogewar da ya isa diddige a ƙarshen (alama ce da ke bambanta wannan halittar daga duk sauran Cervidae) . Neckaƙƙarfa yana da tsawo, yana faruwa da haɓakar hancin ci gaba, ya daɗe daga ƙasa.
Maza kawai suna da ƙaho, babba, zagaye a giciye, ƙyamar ƙyallen, kuma dukkan matakai (galibi 4) ana karkasu ne zuwa baya kuma ba a gaba ba, kamar yadda a wasu Cervinae (suka yi kama da Odocoileus). Processarancin tsari shine mafi tsayi, madaidaiciya, mafi yawan lokuta ana samarwa a ƙarshen, wasu lokuta tare da ƙananan ƙananan 5. Ci gaba, sama, tafiyar matakai suna raguwa tsawon. A wasu halaye, ƙaho yakan canza sau biyu a shekara, wanda na iya zama sakamakon asalin mulkin mallaka. Abun gyaran gashi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan gashi 3. Apex yana da taushi, wavy kaɗan, gajere. Gashi yana da tsawo tare da tudun, kan gajeruwar ciki kuma yai kasa da kai akan babba. Yankin azzakarin yana rufe da gashi mai laushi. A gefen wuyan wuyansa da a gundarin makogwaron, gashin yana zama gemu, a hankali yana hade da sauran asirin. Gashi yana da jujin juyawa zuwa bango tare da tsiri mai shimfiɗa gaba, tun daga sacrum a gaba dayan baya da kuma gefen babba na wuya. Edgesashin gefan gashi ya haɗu da kaifin takobi. A ko'ina cikin jiki, ban da kan kai da na gabobi, daga cikin hadin gwiwa na gwiwa (“gwiwa”) da diddige a kasa, akwai karancin gashi mai yawa zuwa 10-15 cm tsayi. Jirgin saman ya kasance gajere, mai laushi sosai.
Launin matasa yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja, da fari tare da farin aibobi. Manya suna canza launin monochrome. Sautin gaba ɗaya launin ruwan hoda-mai launin shuɗi tare da launin toka mai haske, mai wuta a kafadu. A mucks ne na fata ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Wurin duhu mai duhu yana saman sararin hanci. Goshi, da sarari tsakanin idanu da kunnuwa, da kuma zoben da ke kewaye da idanu sun kasance kuru-kuru ne. Neckun yana da launin toka-toka a sama, tare da cakuda baƙar fata a ɓangarorin, baki a ƙasa. Tashin baki, kasan kai da kirji na baƙi ne. A gefen dutsen akwai yanki mai baƙar fata. Partashin sashin jiki yana da launin toka-mai launin toka, galibi yana da tffy tint. Baya da ciki cinya cinya farare, sannu a hankali ta juye zuwa launi jikin. Wutsiyar launin launi ɗaya ce da wadda take da baya ko mai jan launi a saman, ƙwalƙwalwar baƙar fata tare da ɗanɗano gashin gashi. Hannun gwiwoyi daga “gwiwa” zuwa kasan kuma tare da bangon bayan gida na gaba daya farare ne, damtsen kafa ya kasance daga diddige a waje da kuma rariyar gwiwa ta gwiwa zuwa makwancin gwaiwa iri daya ne, launin shuɗi mai haske launin shuɗi ya wuce ciki. Mata suna da launin launi fiye da maza. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi kan mamaye, suna samun mafi tsayi da kauri daga suturar launin jaki-mai launin toka. Ulu na bazara yana daga Mayu ko Yuni zuwa Agusta-Satumba. Na farko alamun kaka molt bayyana a ƙarshen Yuli.
Jawarancin muƙamin ya ɗan girma sosai, a cikin ɓangaren farfajiyar, nesa daga pm2 zuwa ƙarshen muƙamula daidai yake da tsawon layin tsattsauran ra'ayi da daidaituwa. Farkon ya takaice, kasa da tsawon layin ƙananan motsi. Hannun ta mai tafiya zuwa karkace an sa shi gaba kuma baya yin aikin gaba kamar yadda yake a cikin Cervus.
Fanarfin saman suna ƙanana kaɗan. Manyan motsi na sama suna da girma babba, tare da ƙananan ƙarin layuka a ciki. An zartar da abubuwan incis ɗin, kamar Cervus, sannu a hankali suna raguwa. Bangaren ciki na duk abubuwanda suka haifar da katako mai zurfi guda biyu, wanda aka raba shi da matsakaicin tsinkaye mai tsayi, a bangarorin depressions kuma ana iyakance shi ta hanyar dogo, a cikin babban (kasan) bangare na bacin rai an rufe shi da wasu kananan abubuwan fashewa, sakamakon wanda aka kirkira aljihun wando.
Fuskokin da suke da kullun manya-manya ne, babba da karami (fadi da tsayi a cikin bangarorin articular daidai suke). Gefen babba a ciki ba shi nan, an yi zagaye da saman kan. Fasalin na biyu yayi kama da na Cervus, amma ya fi tsayi.
Rarraba da mazaunin barewar Dauda
Ba a san yawancin madafin Dauda ba; wataƙila ya haɗa da wasu ɓangarori na Arewacin China da Japan. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, rarraba Elaphurus a China ya kasance mai yawa, kamar yadda aka samo shi a cikin ƙasa mai burbushin a Nihovan (Elaphurus bifurcatus Teilhard de Chardin et Piveteau) da kuma lardin Henan (Elaphurus davidianus Matsnmoto). Rarrabar wannan dego a cikin Japan yana nuna ta kasancewar wani ɓaɓɓar ƙahon burbushin, wanda Watase ya bayyana daga lardin Harima. A halin yanzu ba'a samo shi a cikin daji ba. Ana kiyaye garken guda a cikin lambun Fadar bazara ta Beijing. An kwashe 'yan zuriyar wannan garken zuwa Woburn Abbey (Ingila) da kuma wasu lambuna na dabbobi. Soverby ya rubuta cewa wataƙila babban igiyar wannan barewar tana cikin filayen lardin Hebei, inda barewar take zaune a cikin fadama tare da bishiyoyi da tsirrai.
Abubuwan daidaitawa. Siffofin fasalin mahaifa (babban keɓewar yatsunsu, ikon motsi da su gabaɗaya, wani ɓangaren "kashin baya" da manyan yatsun hannun a gefe) suna nuni da daidaituwa na Elaphurus zuwa rayuwa tsakanin marshes (mai kama da dofun). A cikin sharuddan craniological, yakamata ya kasance kusa da Cervinae da ke ƙasa. Abubuwa da yawa da suka bambanta suna da rarrabe wannan deer daga sauran. Ya haɗu da babban keɓancewa (a tsarin ginin jiki, ƙaho, a cikin jima'i da dimorphism na zamani, da dai sauransu) tare da alamomin alamomi (tsawaita yanki na gaban-gaba, ɗan ƙaramin bambancin launi akan sassa daban-daban na jiki). Rashin amincewa da wannan nau'in halitta tare da Rusa da alama yana iya yiwuwa, wanda yakamata a yi la'akari da shi wani reshe mai ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i kuma wanda shine mafi girman kamance a cikin yanayin maganganun.
Rod - barewar Dauda
- Class: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 = Dabbobi masu shayarwa
- Infraclass: Eutheria, Placentalia Gill, 1872 = Placental, Gidaje mafi girma
- Squadron: Ungulata = Ungulates
- Umarni: Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 = Artiodactyls, yatsun hannu biyu
- Yankin yanki: Ruminantia Scopoli, 1777 = Ruminants
- Iyali: Cervidae Grey, 1821 = Reindeer, barewa, barewa, mai kusan gaba
- Genus: Elaphurus Milne-Edwards, 1866 = Deer David, Deer na kasar Sin, Milu