Predaramin lokutan rana a cikin gidanKestrel na kowa gari ne na yau da kullun. Wannan shi ne kuka mai zafi "ana jin Kli-Kli-Kli-Kli" a cikin bazara a gefen dajin. Ita ce kalmar da muke gani sau da yawa sama da filin yana jujjuya wuri guda, kamar an dakatar da shi akan kirtani marar ganuwa. Girman tsuntsu da kurciya. Tana da kyau a jikinta a zane mai launin ja, maza suna da kyau musamman. Nwararrun mazauni waɗanda aka ɗauka daga gida daidai suke zama da su bauta kuma cikin sauri suka zama gabaɗa gabaɗaya.

Kestrel yana ɗaya daga cikin tsuntsayenmu masu amfani. Kan wasanmu, da karen kaji daga yankin Stalingrad, an daɗe ana tuna su kamar tsuntsayen masu ban dariya da jin daɗi. Mu ne muka ciyar da su da nama. Babu shakka sun ci shi da sauri fiye da maza. Lokacin da kajin suka girma, suka zauna tare a wani aviary daban. Yara tsuntsaye sun fi son wasa. Daga cikin kujerun akwai gungumen itace. Amfani da shi, kestrels sun fara wasan ɓoye da neman. Wasaya daga cikinsu yana ɓoye a bayansa, yana manne da haushi, yana gangarowa. Wata kuma tayi kamar tana neman aminin nata. Nan da nan ta jefa kanta a kanta: harbawa da tsegumi suka fara. Wani lokacin wasa yana damun ɗayan tsuntsayen kuma kestrel ya barshi, yayin da ɗayan ya ci gaba da yin nishaɗi: ya kama maɓallin firji ko yawo a kan bene, jefa shi cikin iska, kuma yayi ƙoƙarin kama shi da begensa. Duk wannan an yi shi ne tare da ban mamaki da tsalle-tsalle don tsuntsu. Ya ɗauke ta misali, an ɗauki tsuntsu mai kwalliya don wasa iri ɗaya. Sun sake dauke fuskokin tare. Kuma, a hakika, a wannan lokacin kestrels sunyi kama da wasa da karnuka fiye da tsuntsaye. Samun kanka wani kayan ado, kar ka manta cewa wannan ɗayan tsuntsayenmu ne masu amfani - murkushe ƙwayoyin dabbobi a filayen.

Kwararrun masanin kimiyar dabbobi dabbobi M.N. Kishkin sun kiyaye shi. Ta bayyana ne a wani gida daga kusa da Kustanay a matsayin karamin karen mara nauyi. An ciyar da nama (mafi yawan lokuta rago) da manyan kwari (galibi gwoza da ƙwaro). Abinda aka fi so abincin tsuntsaye shine pupae na euphorbiaceae, wanda aka bayar a cikin hunturu. Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, kestrel sun ci da ƙari mai yawa.

Za'a iya tantance akidar 'yan hangen nesa ta hanyar labarin maigidan wannan ginin. Da zarar tsuntsu, zaune a saman rufin ɗakin, ya lura da wata tsuntsuwa mai saukar ungulu Drosophila tare da tebur. Wannan kwaro da wuya ya fi girma. Kestrel ya tashi ƙasa ya murƙushe ƙwanƙwasa tare da moƙonsa, ko kuma hakan, tare da yatsunsu a cikin zangon.

Kestrel yana matukar son yin iyo a cikin kwano na ruwa. A dangane da. wannan lamari ne mai ban tsoro. Farfesa cikakke ne kuma ya zo don ya ziyarci maigidanta. Ganin shimfidar m, tsuntsun nan da nan ya tashi saman shugaban baƙon kuma ya fara squat da girgiza fikafikansu, kamar yadda ta yi yayin wanka. Kestrels yana da halaye daban-daban. Ofaya daga cikin abin da ba shi da daɗi shine tsuntsu ya fitar da fensir, alƙalami, goge daga hannunsa ko neman su a cikin ɗakin. Ta ɓoye duk abin da ta sata a kan leɓar ƙarƙashin rufin da take tsaye. MN Kishkin ya ɗauki kestrel a matsayin kyakkyawan "barometer". A cikin sa'o'i 3-4 kafin canjin yanayi, ta fara yin barci: ta rufe idonta, tayi fari kuma tana “suman hankali.”

Wannan kestrel din ya rayu a zaman talala, yana yawo cikin 'yanci a daki, sama da shekaru hudu. Tsuntsu ya kasance gabaɗaya kuma, hakika, ƙaunatacciyar duniya ce. Ta mutu daga wani sabon abu mai ban mamaki - ta ci kirim mai yawa, wanda ta fi so sosai. Wani bincike da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa tsuntsu ya fadi ne sakamakon toshewar hanji, wanda kirim mai tsami ya kirkira da abin toshe kwalaba.

Kobchik shi ne karami, mafi kyawu kuma, wataƙila, ya fi amfani da falcinmu. Namiji yana da launin toka-mai launin toka da launi mai haske mai haske da madaidaicin kakin zuma. Matar tana tare da bambance-bambancen ƙirji, launin toka mai duhu a saman, samarin suna fentin kusan iri ɗaya, amma suna da wuta. Kuma maza suna kama mice idan suna da yawa. Amma babban abinci da talakawa manyan kwari ne. Waɗannan falsafan, suna da jirgin sama mai sauƙi da sauri, suna kama su ta iska ko ɗamara (fari, gwoza) daga kunnuwan masara a filin jirgi, da gudu. 'Yan kuya-kuli sun yadu a cikin kasarmu, amma suna da yawa ne kawai a Kudancin steppe. Anan ba sa yin sheƙarsu, amma suna amfani da tsohon, yawancin magpies. Koyaya, makabartun magpie a kudanci kuma sun maye gurbin manyannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnninsu wadanda suke maye gurbinsu: na mujiya da gandun daji, da sauransu, da zarar na yi jigilar kusan dozin guda biyu zuwa Moscow daga bankunan Ilovli (wata karamar hukuma ta Don), daga Yankin Stalingrad. An buƙace su don aiki akan nazarin jirgin. Bugu da kari, na so in sake su a karkara. Wataƙila za su zauna a nan.

A cikin bukkoki na magpies akwai yawancin ɗimbin falmo. Amma an zaɓi kajin ne kawai - ƙasa ko fara yin ado tare da gashin tsuntsu (daga baya ya zama cewa tsohon ya zama mai shahara fiye da na ƙarshen).

An sanya kajin a cikin 3-4 a cikin manyan kwalaye na musamman tare da raga na karfe a gefe ɗaya. Zaunar da su ba ta kasance ta wannan dangi ba, amma ta shekaru. Babban abincin da aka yiwa masu sihiri shine nama ɗanye, waɗanda basu yarda su ci. Ya zama dole a shimfiɗa su da tarko don kwari: sun ci fari tare da haɗama. Sparrows sun tseratar da mu - mun sanya ido akan darajar aikin gona kuma muka buɗe kajin da yawa, a wasu kwanaki - da dama. A wannan lokacin, mazajenmu, ba shakka, ba sa fama da matsananciyar yunwa. Wani lokaci, ana bayar da yankakken ƙoshin naman a cikin nama. Duk da irin wannan tsarin abinci, tsuntsayen mu na girma da haɓaka. Muna ciyar da su sau uku a rana. Yaran da aka girma sun fito daga kwalaye da suke zaune, don yawo. An basu damar su gudu, sannan kuma su tashi. Saboda haka da sun fi dacewa da mutane, hatched su a hannun.

An kai maza zuwa tashar nazarin halittu ta Bolshevskaya. Matsalar sufuri ita ce, fama da yunwa, kajin suka yi kururuwa a tsafe-tsafe. Waɗannan tsuntsayen da muka kora sun amsa su. Da zaran an fara ciyar da kukan, sai kuka ya tsananta .. Tunda ya dau mintuna da yawa, ya zama dole mu ajiye kajin a dakin dumama motar. Daga can ba'a ji su ba.

A tarihin halittar Bolshevskaya, mares ya bayyana ta hanyar da ba a saba gani ba. Mun isa daga balaguro a ranar da kuma lokacin bikin murnar shi. Tsuntsayen sun kasance masu shahara sosai har na yanke shawarar amfani da su ɗan ɗan hoax. Lokacin da daraktan ya gama jawabin nasa, na bayyana a gaban teburin bikin, na nannade cikin labule na baki, a kafadu, kai da hannaye - akwai maza a koina. Kuna iya tunanin hayaniyar da ta tashi a teburin. Amma maza ba su da fa'ida - ɗayansu yana tsabtacewa, ɗayan ya fara wasa tare da maƙwabta kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin kama shi ta bakin beki, na uku, mafi tsufa, ya lura da wani abu mai mahimmanci a kan tebur, ya tashi ƙasa, ya buge kwalbar giya, ya fasa farantin kuma, tsoro, ya koma kafada. Kamfanin gaba daya, gami da kestrels guda biyu da gulls uku na kogi, an ajiye su a cikin babban jirgin sama.

Babu shakka, mu tsuntsayen sun bambanta da sauran mutane matar da ta kawo abinci kuma tana tare da su na dogon lokaci. Ofaya daga cikin consan fallo, tuni a cikin hunturu, da ke zaune a gidanta, ba ta kula da duk mutanen da suka shiga ɗakin, kodayake ya karɓi abinci daga gare su. Amma da zaran uwargidan ta dawo gida daga wurin aiki, sai tsuntsu ya canza, ya tashi. Na zauna a kafada tare da bayyana farin ciki tare da duk halayenta: ta yi kururuwa, ta matsa kanta a kuncin ta. Wani abokin zama ya zauna a kafada matar har tsawon awanni, suna tafiya da ita daga daki zuwa daki. Kobchikov da ke zaune a tashar nazarin halittu, sau da yawa kan fita yawo. Sun tashi sosai, walƙiyar walƙiya a kusa da gidan, amma suna da matsananciyar tsoro kuma basu motsa daga biostation ba. Da zarar wani ɗan ƙaramin ɗan tsoro ya gudu daga gefen ƙauyen. Ya tashi zuwa kambi na itace sama da sararin samaniya ya ɓoye can: kisa mai kisa yana bin shi. Halin da fellowan’uwa maza ke da shi abin mamaki ne lokacin da suka tashi, suka koma gida don cin abincin dare. Tsuntsaye suna zaune akan bishiyoyi kusa da aviary kuma sun fara kururuwa - suna neman abinci. Ba su taɓa son sauka ƙasa ba, ko da an nuna musu daga ƙasa mafi kyawun jiyya. Dole ne in sauya tsani zuwa itacen da hau kan kowane ɗan mara. A saman bene, nan da nan ya tashi daga karagar jikin mutum zuwa wuyan mutum ko kuma kai, ya gangara tare da shi har ƙasa da niyyar zubewa akan abinci.

Babban abincin ƙabilun da aka fi so don masu kamun kai shine manyan ƙwaro, kuma kowane irin, kamar tagulla, wanda ba wanda ya ci, da alama ba wani tsuntsu bane. Kobchik ya dauki kwaro “zuwa cikin kahon”, ba tare da tanƙwara ba, ya kawo shi baki ya fara share hawayensa, sannan elytra da fikafikan. Bayan haka, tsuntsu ya fara matsi da kwaro daga ciki kuma a cikin mintuna kaɗan jefawa, kamar harsashi mai wofi, abincin chitin mai tsabta. Furancin yana ɗaukar kowane abinci a cikin kyamarar, kuma wannan yana sanya tsarin ciyarwa ya zama abin ban dariya.

Rana kaka ta zo. An kwashe karnukan karnuka da yawa zuwa Moscow, zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, don ci gaba da aiki tare da su, an sake wasu zuwa cikin daji. A gaskiya, sun riga sun sami 'yanci, kawai sun daina ciyar da su. Na dogon lokaci, saannan maan matan suka gudu zuwa gidan. Suna ihu, suna kiran mutane, suna zaune a kan taga suna kwankwasa gilashin tare da gemu, suna kokarin shiga cikin dakin, wanda a saukake suke gudanarwa a lokacin bazara, lokacin da windows din suka bude. Karnuka sun ziyarce mu ƙasa kaɗan, sannan kuma gaba ɗaya suka ɓace. Mun san makomar ɗayansu - wasu 'mafarautan' 'sun harbe shi (suna kirga shi shaho!).

Bayanin kare

Kobchik shine wani nau'in daban a cikin gidan falcon, kodayake yana rikice-rikice tare da duka falcon da kestrel. Launi da gwargwado suna da kama sosai. Bambanci yana cikin girman kawai. Kobchik yana da ƙarancin dangi ga danginsa, duka cikin girman jiki da fuka-fuki.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Tsuntsu ya karbi sunan "kobchik" daga tsohuwar kalmar Rasha "kobets". A karkashin wannan fahimta, masu sihiri sun hada dukkan kananan fallolin farauta. A tsawon lokaci, tsohuwar sunan ɗan tsuntsun ya yi ƙaura zuwa wasu mutanen Slavic har ma ya iso Turai. Sunan Faransa na nau'in wannan karamin-falcon shine “kobez”.

Bayyanar

Inean itacen ɗan itacen ɗan adam bai wuce gram 200 ba, ya kai matsakaicin tsawon 34 cm kuma yana iya yin fahariya fuka-fuki wanda yakai 75 cm. Haka kuma, maza na wannan nau'in falmo sune ƙanana fiye da mace. Gashin falcon wani halayyar ɗan tsuntsu ne - wanda aka ruɗe, amma gajere kuma ba mai ƙarfi kamar na 'yan uwan ​​dangi ba. Yatsun a kan paws shima bai bambanta da karfi da karfi ba, kusoshi sunyi kankanta.

Akwai tattaunawa ta musamman game da girke-girke. Da fari dai, ba abu mai wuya bane ga mai jirgi kamar, misali, don gurnin gyrfalcon ko peregrine falcon kuma yana da madafan “tsarin”. Abu na biyu, launin wannan tsuntsun ya dogara ne kawai akan jima'i ba, har ma da shekaru. Don haka, manyan yara dawakai matasa suna da paws na rawaya. A cikin lemu (a cikin mata) da ja (a cikin maza) suna juyawa ne kawai lokacin da tsuntsu ya girma. Gashin shima ya kara duhu tare da tsufa, ya zama daga baki mai launin shuɗi.

Maza a cikin maza “suna” sanye da fatar mace. Yawancinsu suna launin ruwan kasa-baki, tare da gashin fuka-fukai baƙaƙƙen fata da ciki mai laushi mai haske da kuma "abin panites". Mace an hana mata 'bloomers' mai haske. Filayen launin su shine launin ruwan kasa gaba daya tare da facin kayan ado a baya, fuka-fuki da wutsiya. Yanayi ne kawai kananan baki “antennae” kusa da baki.

Mahimmanci! Asoshin ƙafafun ja - Amur - ana bambanta su da launuka masu haske da farin farin ciki "kumatuna".

Rayuwa

Ya fi son biotopes mosaic tare da fifikon wuraren buɗe sarari, a cikin gandun daji - shimfidar wurare na anthropogenic. Yana ciyarwa akan manyan kwari, wanda yake kamawa a cikin iska da ƙasa. A cikin abincin, farawa, ciyayi, dusar ƙanƙara, lokaci-lokaci da ganima akan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, masu haɗari. Wani lokaci tsuntsaye sukan bi garke waje, suna kama shanu masu tsoratar da kwari. Kamar ƙulli, yana rataye shi cikin iska cikin jirgin mai gudu. Yazo daga hunturu a ƙarshen Afrilu ko Mayu. Yankin jinkiri; nesting an gabace shi ta hanyar iska, sau da yawa gama kai.

Yawancin lokaci ma'aurata suna zama a beltsin gandun daji, a cikin ciyayi na hankaka, magpies, rooks, ƙasa da sau da yawa suna amfani da burrows a cikin ɓarna, ɓarna, da buɗaɗɗu. Inda falcon ya zama ruwan dare, yawanci yakan samarda daulolin mazaunan har zuwa dubun da daruruwan nau'i, alal misali, a cikin mazaunin zama ko barikin rookery. Mazauna na iya yin tsari na tsawon shekara ɗaya, kuma na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. A cikin kama akwai 3 zuwa 6 qwai na m ko ocher launi, shiryawa yana 22-25 days, namiji da mace shiryawa a madadin. Farkon kayan saukar ruwan kajin suna fari, na biyu fari-fari. Kayan tsintsaye suna tashi daga gida lokacin da yake wata ɗaya, sun fara yin jima'i lokacin da suke ƙasa da shekara guda. Liesan kananzir don hunturu a watan Agusta ko Satumba, ƙaura cikin fakitoci, wanda yawanci baƙon abu bane ga falmo.

Ina suke zama

Babban yankin da aka raba shi da kwari shine gandun daji na Eurasia, yana farawa daga Gabashin Turai da Yankin Balkan da ke yamma zuwa hayin Kogin Vilyui, Kogin Lena da kuma gabar Tekun Baikal a gabas. Zuwa gabas yana da alaƙar jinsunan ƙananan falcon - Amur ƙananan falcon.

Ppan kuyali sune tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. A cikin hunturu, sun yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasan kudu maso gabashin Afirka, kuma a ɓangare zuwa kudu na Asiya. Ana aiwatar da jirgin sama koyaushe a cikin manyan garken, ba kamar sauran wakilan dangin falcon ba.

Yawancin maza yawanci a gida ne a cikin raben da aka watsar ko arba'in, ba su da yawa a cikin rami, da maɓuɓɓuka, da ƙyamare. Tsuntsayen suna samar da manyan yankuna tare da kusan 100. Daga wuraren hunturu suna komawa Mayu, kuma suna tashi a farkon watan Agusta. -An jan ƙafa masu jan ƙafa ba tare dayansu ba, kamar yadda lokacin haihuwar nasu ke da alaƙa da lokacin kiwo da fari da sauran kwari.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Kamar kowane wakilan danginsu, waɗannan tsuntsayen sune mafarauta, amma saboda ƙarancin girman dabbobi masu shayarwa, kawai basu da dama, saboda haka sun fi son ƙananan abincin. Suna cin manyan kwari, alal misali, dodo, waɗanda suke farauta, suna tashi ƙasa.

A saman ƙasa, isasshen abinci yana kewayewa a cikin watanni na bazara. A kokarin kamawa da wadanda abin ya shafa, mawaƙar ta kama su daidai da tsalle tare da baki. 'Ya'yan tsuntsaye, farawa da ciyawa - halittu, waɗanda kuma aka siffanta su a matsayin mafarautan farauta, sukan kama ƙarshen ta kai tsaye tare da paws daga ƙasa.

Irin wadannan mafarauta suna kai hari ga kananan tsuntsaye, tattabarai, ragi da sauran tsuntsaye masu kama da wannan su zama masu cutar da su. Ppan karen yara suna cin ƙwanƙolin dabbobi, suna cin mice da sauran ƙananan halittu, masu haɗari, shaƙai, ganin sun gan su suna sauka daga kan jirgin.

Irin waɗannan falsafa, kodayake karami ne, ba ƙararraki ba ne ko kaɗan. Sanannen lamura ne da aka san lokacin da tsafe-tsafe suka kai hari ga tsuntsaye waɗanda suka fi nasu girma, kodayake waɗannan abubuwan ba su faruwa kowace rana. Masana ilimin dabi'ar halitta sun ce shaidu ne na irin wannan harin. Mun taɓa gani, alal misali, yadda wani ɗan ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa ya yi ƙoƙari a kan kan gado. Amma ba kwata-kwata domin ci mata ba, amma don begen mamayar da mazauninta.

A lokacin lokutan renon zuriya, irin wannan abincin da aka zana yana buƙatar musamman don ciyar da dutsen. Waɗannan tsuntsayen da ke farauta suna farauta da rana, sabanin yawancin falmo. Af, ayyukan su na wannan nau'in suna kawo fa'idodi masu yawa.

Taimakafin tsuntsayen ga noma, sabili da haka ga dukkan 'yan adam, yana da wahalar gaske ainun. Daga kowace shekara, suna hallaka mutane da yawa masu saurin cutarwa a cikin filayen.

Kiwo

Falcons na wannan nau'in suna tashi zuwa wuraren da ake farawa a watan Mayu. Kobchiki baya iya gina mazaunin kansu, amma kawai zauna da gidajen da aka watsar. Suna kuma amfani da m itatuwa domin masonry. Xan ƙananan fox suna sauka a cikin ƙananan yankuna.

Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 3-4, amma wani lokacin qwai na iya zama 7-8. Dukansu mace da namiji suna tsinkaye. Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar makonni 4.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye sun fara tashi wata guda bayan haihuwa, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon watan Yuli. Iyaye suna ciyar da karamin jari don makonni 2. Daga nan sai tsuntsaye su fara rayuwa mai 'yanci.Kobchik ya bar wuraren zama a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon watan Satumba.

Wadannan tsuntsayen suna tashi da sauri. A lokacin jirgin, kullun suna haifar da gajeren kuka. Matsakaicin, tsammanin rayuwa a cikin daji shine shekaru 15-17. Masu dadewa suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25.

Bayanan Ban sha'awa

1. Wadannan masu tsinkayen suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 12-16, kuma a cikin bauta - har zuwa shekaru 18. Mazaunan Afirka na mahara maza ne, suna tattara ƙananan garkensu daga wurinsu shekaru da yawa. Tsuntsaye ba sa yin ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ke farauta. Suna kama kwari, bera da sauran kwari a cikin gonakin masu su, ta wannan hanyar, suna ƙara yawan aiki.
2. Mabiya koyaushe suna zaune cikin fakitoci, maza suna taimakawa mace yayin ƙwai ƙyanƙyashe. A wannan lokacin, sun fi wahalar kamawa. Tsuntsayen suna da natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, suna ba da kansu don hora kuma suna sauraron mai shi. Don kawai saboda ƙaunar ƙauna sau da yawa yakan tashi daga wurin mai shi. A zamanin da, an yanke fikafikan su yadda ba za su iya yin nisa ba. Amma, a lokaci guda, akwai wasu maganganu yayin da mutane suka shayar da tsuntsu, su bar shi ya tafi, kuma ya tashi da abincinsa.
3. Waɗannan ƙananan predan fatar sau da yawa suna kai hari ga irin waɗannan manya, in an kwatanta su, tsuntsu, irin su heron. Koyaya, suna yin wannan ba don neman kuɗi tare da ita ba, amma don ɗaukar mazaunin ta.
4. Tsuntsaye suna da fa'idodi mai yawa a cikin ƙara kwari a kan ƙasar noma, suna lalata su kuma, ta haka, suna “warkewa” filin.
5. Wannan tsuntsun da ta farauto koyaushe tana cikin shiri kuma tana tsoron mutane. Kusa da ita, dole ne ku yi taka tsan-tsan. Idan ɗan ɗan'uwan ya ɗauka cewa wani abu yana barazanar shi, to za a yi amfani da maƙalar haƙoran da ya yi magana da wuya.

A yau, an jera waɗannan falsafanan a cikin Littafin Lissafi. Wannan nau'in ya zama ƙasa da kullun, yana da matsayin "kasancewa cikin jihar kusa da barazana," kuma yana buƙatar kariya. Yawan karnukan ja suna raguwa koyaushe. Dokar hana farautar wadannan tsuntsayen a cikin kasashe da dama haramun ne. Amfani da sinadarai a cikin harkar noma musamman don taimakawa yawansu. Yankin dabbobinsu yana raguwa, saboda wannan ƙirƙirar tsuntsaye shima yana wahala. Don kare falcon, ya zama dole a haramta sare manyan bishiyoyi a cikin kwari a kwarin kogin, kuma a inganta kariya ga nau'in a tsakanin mazaunan karkara. Bayyana wuraren zama, ƙirƙirar wuraren tsabtace dabbobin daji tare da matakai na musamman don kiyaye ƙananan karnuka.

Menene tsuntsu falcon yayi kama?

Kobchik yana cikin ƙananan wakilan dangi, tsawon jikinsa ya bambanta daga 28 zuwa 34 santimita.

Tsubin fikafet ɗin shine 69-77 santimita, kuma tsawon fikaf shine 22-35 santimita. Wadannan tsuntsaye masu nauyi, a matsakaita, giram 130-200. Maza suna kanana fiye da mace.

Falanan falmo suna cikin ƙananan faln.

Fine yana da ɗan gajeren baki Yatsun suna da rauni tare da ƙaramin yatsu, wanda baƙon abu bane ga falsa. Maza suna da nauyin launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa. Fuka fuka-fukai baƙaƙen fata ne. Partashin ƙananan jikin tare da maras nauyi yana da haske ja. Mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, yayin da aka yi wa ado ado da ratsi. Akwai kwararar bakin ciki mai tsawo a ciki.

A cikin dabbobi matasa, launi gaba ɗaya ya bambanta da launi na manya. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, launin bayan su yayi duhu, kuma wutsiyar ta cika da maɓuɓɓuka masu wucewa.

Maza ma’aikatan gona ne: sun kama ɓoyayyen ƙwayoyin cuta.

Gefen yana haske da launi, amma lokaci ya yi duhu. A kusa da idanun akwai alamu masu launin rawaya waɗanda suke samo sautin ja a tsawon shekaru. Matasa ƙwallan suna rawaya. A cikin maza manya, kafafu suna ja, kuma a cikin mata manya, orange.

Halin halayen feline a cikin yanayi da abinci mai gina jiki

'Yan kwikwiyo suna farauta da rana. Tushen abincin shine kwari. Falananan falmo suna kama su a ƙasa ko kuma sun kama su a cikin iska tare da paws. Lizards da ƙananan ƙanƙan wuta ma suna fada cikin maƙillan magabatan tsuntsaye. Foanan dawakai ma suna kashe sauran tsuntsayen.

Waɗannan falsafanan suna neman ganima mai tashi sama da ƙasa. Ganin iska daga kwari ko kwari, tsuntsu ya fara bude fuka-fukansa da karfi, saboda haka yake daskarewa a wuri. Daga nan sai ya faɗi ƙasa cikin hanzari ya kama ganima. Idan wanda aka kashe yana ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa, to, kare yana bin ta.

Falan ƙaramin ɗan tsuntsu tsuntsu ne na ganima.

Amfanin feline da girman yawan jama'a

Dogsanan karnuka ga mutane suna da amfani sosai saboda suna lalata kwari masu lahani, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga adana amfanin gona. Waɗannan ƙananan falsafanan suna kawo fa'idodi na musamman a yayin ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin adadin ƙwayoyin.

Har ya zuwa yau, yawan golf-fyaɗe yana ta raguwa. Amfani da sinadarai mai guba wanda mutane ke shayar da filayen suna taka rawa sosai a wannan. Yankunan ɗan adam na kwari kuma yana raguwa sosai, wanda ba zai iya ba, ba zai cutar da yawan jama'a ba.

'Yan kwikwiyo suna cikin Littafin Layi, tunda wannan nau'in yana buƙatar kariya mai mahimmanci.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

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Dabbobi na yankin Saratov

Kobchik (lat. Falco vespertinus) - wani nau'in tsuntsaye ne da ke jikin halittar falsafan. Yaduwar, nau'in nesting na gama gari. Masu binciken wannan falcanjin an san su ne daga dukkan yankuna na wannan yankin, duk da haka, nau'in kumburin ja da aka saba. Tsuntsu ya karbi sunan "kobchik" daga tsohuwar kalmar Rasha "kobets". A karkashin wannan fahimta, masu sihiri sun hada dukkan kananan fallolin farauta. Karamin falcon, a gwargwado da dabi'un da suka yi kama da kestrel, amma ba su da fikafikai. Ofaya daga cikin birdsan tsuntsayen ganima da ke zaune a cikin birane, tare kuma da abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin kullun, ana yinsu ne tushen tsuntsayen gidajen da ke zaune a wuraren shakatawa na birane da keɓaɓɓun gine-ginen biranen Saratov. Yawancin lokaci ana lura da kobchik zuwa gida a Saratov kanta, anan, tare da kestrel na kowa, shine mafi rinjaye a tsakanin masu hasara, suna da kashi 69.5% (lokacin farawa) da 74.8% (don ƙaura trophic) na jimlar yawan jama'a tsuntsaye iri-iri. Matsakaicin adadin da aka yiwa rikodin dutsen a cikin iyakar birni shine 2.6 ind./km2.

Kobchik shine wani nau'in daban a cikin gidan falcon, kodayake yana rikice-rikice tare da duka falcon da kestrel. Launi da gwargwado suna da kama sosai. Bambanci yana cikin girman kawai. Kobchik yana da ƙarancin dangi ga danginsa, duka cikin girman jiki da fuka-fuki. Tsawon tsuntsu shine 28-33 cm, tsawon reshe shine 23-35 cm, fikafiti 65-75 cm ne, nauyin kuma shine 130-197 g. Namiji mai duhu ne (kusan baki) da tubalin-ja, jauhari da “wando”. Mace na da launin toka mai launin toka tare da madaidaiciyar ratsi mai juya baya, fuka-fuki da wutsiya, mottles mai tsayi a ciki, gashin baki. Tsuntsayen matasa suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙananan lazimi a cikin kwarara mai tsayi a tsaye. Wannan karamin falcon ana kiranta “falcon”, amma akwai wani suna - “falcon-redged falcon”, godiya ga “farin wando” mai haske da kuma shuɗewar launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan paws, da waxen da zobe a kusa da ido a cikin tsuntsaye masu launin ja ne ko lemo, cikin samari - rawaya. Abun yadudduka suna da launin ruwan kasa. Bakan gizo duhu launin ruwan kasa. Sakamakon sabon nau'in wannan nau'in halittar asirin, firistocin arna sun girmama tsuntsun. Tun zamanin da, mutane gama gari suna karkatar da marefuckers don taimakawa adana albarkatu daga mamaye farawan fari da sauran kwari na aikin gona. Kuri'a Babba ko mara nauyi "Kuma mafi tsayi" wurare, wuraren, wuraren. ".

Masu binciken wannan falcanjin an san su ne daga dukkan yankuna na wannan yankin, duk da haka, nau'in kumburin ja da aka saba. Yankunan da aka kafa sun sanannu ne a yankin Volga, inda cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ba a sami raguwa mai yawa a lambarta ba. Dangane da bankin da ya dace, yanayin wasu raguwar halittar ya bayyane ne tun cikin shekarun 1970. Har zuwa yau, za a iya bayyana ƙauyukan banki na kwarai kamar na talakawa, amma mai da hankali.

An samo nursu da dama a cikin itacen oak a bakin kogin. B. Irgiz a kusa da tare da. Tavolozhka na gundumar Pugachevsky, yanki na ƙananan mares a cikin nau'i-nau'i da yawa an san shi daga yankin s. Usatovo, gundumar Krasnokutsky, maza guda 8 a cikin tsohuwar rookery kusa da kandami a kusa da s. Malami. A cikin dajin Dyakovsky ita kanta, falcon nests yafi a cikin nau'i daban. Birdsan tsuntsayen mulkin mallaka na waɗannan tsuntsayen daga nunannn 14 da aka ajiye a tsoffin gidajen mazaunin magpie a cikin gonakin daji kusa da kogin. Bizyuk, akwai ingantattun kayan game da kabarin nesting (kusan nau'i biyu) na falcons a cikin kwarin kogin. Volga tsakanin ƙauyukan N. Bannovka da Beloglinsky.

Sau da yawa zaku iya samun tushen mazaunan mazauna maza da rooks. Misali, gwargwadon hanyar kirji a gefen tafkunan nau'ikan filayen a gundumar Fedorovsky, yawan jama'a masu launin jan ƙafa a cikin yankuna da aka haɗe da rukunin rooks shine 1.2 pax / km na gabar teku.

Don haka, a cikin matakin steperuslan, tushen abincin abincin tsuntsaye shine kwari, akasarinsu masu karfi ne (60% na maganganu) da orthopterans (3%). A halin yanzu, ɗan itacen ɗan adam zai iya kama dabbobi masu shayarwa, masu girma dabam waɗanda manya ke da girma - ƙananan ƙananan filayen ƙasa (20%) da kuma kayan sawa (45%). A lokaci guda, tsuntsayen isa a kai a kai (10%) suna kama berayen gida, gwanaye masu lemun yawa da masu launi iri iri. Daga cikin tsuntsayen da ta fi cincirindo a kannuwa, amma tana iya jan tsuntsun da ya fi girma, kamar kurciya. Suna farauta da rana, sabanin sunan Latin "vespertinus" - "yamma". Kalli fitar da ganima kobochki daga iska. Ganin makasudin, sai su fara yunƙurin buɗe fikafikan su ƙarfi, tare da haifar da tasirin hovering wuri guda. Daga nan sai mai gashin tsuntsu da dutse ya fadi ya kama ganima. Idan ba'a ba da manufa a cikin ɓoye ba a karo na farko, feline yana bin ta, yana kama ƙasa.

Kobchik tsuntsu ne na zamantakewa, wanda ba na al'ada ba ne ga masu sihiri. Kadai, waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa rayuwa, galibi a cikin mazauna, suna da yawa - har zuwa 100 nau'i-nau'i. Amma a nan ne “hulɗar” maza ya ƙare. Ba kamar sauran tsuntsayen da ke motsawa cikin garken dabbobi ba, ba su da maharan da dangi da kuma mazaunin gida, kodayake sun sami ma'anar nauyin alhakin "matar" macen ƙwai.

Karnuka ba sa yin gida. Wadannan ƙananan falmo ba masu magina bane. Ba tare da wahalar da aikin ginin ba, sun gwammace su ci gaba da zama a inda suke. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba, waɗannan an bar rookery ko ƙura na kufai, kurtu, da kuma magpies. Idan babu, to, a matsayin gida don lokacin, ɗan'uwan na iya zaɓar rami ko ma rami.

Ya tashi zuwa wuraren farauta a farkon rabin Afrilu. Yana sauka a cikin gandun daji kawai: gandun daji na ruwa, tsohuwar mafaka, wuraren shakatawa da lambuna na ƙauyuka. Sau da yawa yakan zauna kusa da tafkunan, mamaye tsoffin ciyayi na rooks ko kumatun furfura. Za a iya shirya a cikin kusancin kusa da nakan sauran falcons. Wayar tana farawa kaɗan bayan wasu ƙananan masu farauta, saboda lokacin ƙarar manyan kwari. A cikin matakan Prieruslan a cikin yankunan Krasnokutsk da Rivne, kwanciya kwai ya fara a cikin kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na Mayu. Clutch of 4 sabo ne qwai da aka samu kusa Kochumbetova a cikin gundumar Perelyubsky. A tsakiyar watan Agusta, tsuntsaye sun fara yin ƙaura don trophic, kuma ana iya samun su a cikin filayen (gundumar Krasnokutsky), kusa da tafkuna (Nororpenka na ƙauyen Krasnopartizansky), a cikin kusancin ƙauyuka (ƙauyen Dyakovka), a cikin shuka, da sauransu weeksan makonni bayan farawa. Tsuntsayen mazaunan ruwa masu kwari suna tashi, wanda yawanci yakan faru a farkon Satumba.

Foanan dawakai suna tashi zuwa wuraren farauta a ƙarshen watan Afrilu, a farkon Mayu tare da ainihin dalilin barin zuriyarsu. Suna sauka kasuwanci da zaran sun iso. Lokaci na dabbar ta takaice - dan rawa kadan na namiji a gaban mace don jan hankalin ta kuma yanzu tana zaune akan kwai. Masonry na 'yar iska ya ninka har zuwa qwai 5-7. Qwai don daidaita tsuntsu - kankanin, m tare da dige masu duhu. Tsarin ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai yana tsawan wata daya - a farkon watan Yuni, a matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana haihuwar kajin kaji. Namiji da ƙwai na ƙyanƙyashe ƙwaya ɗaya, bi da bi, canza rawar. Yayin da ɗayan ke kiyaye zuriyar gaba, ɗayan yana ba da abincin. Icksan tsaran tsaran tsalle suna girma da girma da sauri. Wata daya da rabi bayan haihuwa - a tsakiyar watan Yuli - sun riga sun dauki reshe kuma suna barin gidan iyayen. Makonni biyu kenan har yanzu yakan basu damar samun karfin gwiwa game da kwarewar su a matsayin mafarauci da sanin fasahar jirgin. Chan kuran da suka girma a wannan lokacin ba su yi nisa da mazaunin iyayensu ba, kuma iyayensu suna ciyar da su. Amma a tsakiyar watan Agusta, shirye-shirye masu girma suna farawa don dogon jirgin mai zuwa nan zuwa wuraren shakatawa. A garken bar nesting a latest a farkon rabin Satumba. Kuma ta wannan lokacin, ci gaban matasa ya girma - cike da mambobi ne na gama-gari.

An lura cewa wannan tsuntsu ba ta da abokan gaba na zahiri. Amma, duk da wannan, adadin falcon-footed ja da ke raguwa a kowace shekara. Miniarancin ƙaramin abu mai lalata da ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna cutar da ƙarancin magunguna don sarrafa filayen noma. Ba wai kawai kwari masu cutarwa suna halaka ba, har ma da ƙananan fal-fal, waɗanda ke cin su sosai.

A cikin daji, matsakaita rayuwar rayuwar falcon yana iyakance ne zuwa shekaru 12 zuwa 15. A cikin zaman talala, tsawon rayuwarsu ya karu zuwa 20 har ma da shekaru 25.