Alaramin doki ƙaramin dabba ne da ya fi na matsakaicin ƙarfi. Gabaɗaya, yana da kamanni da ƙyallen wolf. Tsawon jikin jakan talakawa ba tare da wutsiya ya kai 80 cm ba, kuma tsayin daka a kafadu baya wuce 50 cm, mafi yawa 42-45. Yana nauyin kilo 7-10, ba kasada. Jackal din ya fi karami da haske fiye da kyarkeke, kafafunsa sun fi girma, kuma kisa yana da kaifi, dukda cewa yafi birgewa fiye da na makullin. Wutsiya tana da kuushi kuma da alama tana da kauri, koyaushe yana ƙasa, kamar kyarkeci. Gashi a jiki gajere ne, mai kauri kuma lokacin farin ciki. A goshin, yatsu 5, akan kafafun hular - 4, yatsun ya yi fari. Hakora 42, kamar yadda yake a cikin dukkanin wakilan kwayoyin Canis.
Babban launi na jackal gaba ɗaya launin toka ne tare da taɓawa da launin rawaya, ja, maraƙi. A baya da a bangarorin, launin ya koma baki, kuma a ciki da makogwaronsa akwai haske rawaya. Tailarshen wutsiya baƙar fata ne. Launin launi na maƙarƙashiya, duk da haka, yana da ɗorewa sau da yawa dangane da yankin mazauninsu. Jawo bazara gabaɗaya ya fi guntu da ɗan ɗanɗano fiye da hunturu kuma yana da launi ja, ba tare da jin daɗi na baƙi.
Rarraba da wuraren zama
Jackal dabba ce ta yau da kullun a Kudancin Asiya. An rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Indiya da kuma yankuna na yamma - a kusa da Gabas ta Tsakiya, Tsakiya da Asiaan Asiya. Jackal yana zaune a cikin Afirka gaba dayan sahara. A cikin Turai, ana samun shi a Girka da Balkans, Caucasus, Dagestan da kusan dukkanin yankin Tekun Bahar Maliya, kodayake yanki a wannan yankin yana daɗaɗɗu.
A ko'ina cikin kewayon, jackal fi son wurare da yawa overgrown tare da shrubs, Reed gadaje kusa da jikin ruwa. Tana zuwa tsaunuka zuwa tsawan 1000 m, amma ba a gama ɗaya ba ne a cikin ƙafafun ƙafa. Kasancewar Wuraren ruwa na dawakai ya fi son zama abin so. Misali, a kasar Uzbekistan, tana iyakance kusan shi kadai a cikin babban kogunan ruwa, tugai mai yawa da kifaye. A matsayin mafaka, galibi yana amfani da kayan tarihi na ɗabi'a da abubuwan da aka sanya a ciki, ɓarna a tsakanin duwatsu, wani lokacin burgers na badgers, baranda, dawakai, kuma lokaci-lokaci yana haƙa su da kanka (wannan gaskiyane ga mata masu tsinkaye). Hanyoyi masu kyau-yawanci yakan haifar da layin sa. Alarikar ba kawai ta hana kusancin mutum ba, amma sau da yawa, akasin haka, ta zauna kusa da mazaunin sannan ta yi ciniki da shara, satar kaji, ta shiga filayen. A Indiya da Pakistan da dare yakan iya ganinta yana yawo a titunan ƙauyuka har ma da birane. Idan a cikin manyan biranen Kudancin Asiya akwai manyan wuraren yankuna, to, kusan kodan muhalli tabbas suna zama a ciki. Ko da a cikin manyan, jackals miliyan 10 na arean Adam suna yawan zama mazauna ƙasashe marasa iyaka, hurumi, wuraren shakatawa na birni, da hanyoyin layin dogo. Tare da irin wannan sassauci da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi ga yanayi daban-daban, ɗan dawakai a matsayin ɗan halitta, ba shakka, yana cikin kowace haɗari.
Biyan kuɗi
Manyan kudaden biyu sun fice. Dawakai da suke rayuwa a cikin Bahar Rum da Kudancin Turai, gami da Caucasus da Dagestan, na cikin ƙasusuwan masu launin duhu Canis aureus maeoticus. Takalma na gabashin wannan yanki (Indiya, Tsakiyar Asiya, Iran) suna cikin ƙasashen da ake amfani da su Canis aureus aureus karin kodadde launi.
Kari akan haka, akwai wasu kananan kasashe masu karamin karfi wadanda galibi sune Arewacin Afirka:
- Canis aureus algirensis
- Canis aureus anthus
- Canis aureus bea
- Canis aureus lupaster
- Canis aureus maroccanus
- Canal aureus riparius
- Canis aureus soudanicus
Zaɓin waɗannan wakilan ba shi da tallafi daga duk likitocin dabbobi.
Rayuwa da halaye
Mikakken talakawa kusan dabba ne mai iko. Yana ciyarwa galibi a cikin duhu. Babban mahimmancin abinci shine cin abinci, amma ba shine mafi yawanci ba, kamar yadda a cikin jeji. Tana kama da kananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye iri-iri, har da masu iya magana, macizai, kwaɗi, katantanwa, suna cin ƙwari da yawa - gwoza, ciyayi, larduna daban-daban. Jumloli suna son yin yawo a tafkunan wuraren da suka sami kifayensu. A cikin lokacin sanyi, lokacin da ruwa a cikin wuraren tafka freezes, jackal ya fi dacewa a kan wintering waterfowl. Bayan samun gawa, babban dabbar bakin ruwa, koduma kodan tarawa sukan taru a kungiyance tare da cin abinci a cikin kamun da ke tashi.
Jaket galibi suna farauta shi kadai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, wani lokacin a cikin kananan kungiyoyi. Sunyi tsegumi akan wanda aka azabtar kuma suna kama shi nan take. Suna kama kifi tare, suna fitar da ɗayan abincin a ɗayan. Jackal dabba ce mai hazaka, bashi ne mai fasaha ba kawai, amma har ila yau yana da tsari da tsufa. A cikin tsalle mai tsayi, yana iya kama tsuntsu wanda ya riga ya tashi zuwa sararin sama. Tsuntsayen da ke farauta a ƙasa - pheasants, turuchs - suna wahala sosai daga dawakai. Alaramin ya bincika mafarauci, ya girgiza tare da ƙaramin trot, sau da yawa yana tsayawa zuwa zufa da sauraro. Inda akwai manyan masu farauta, karnuka suna biye dasu don cin gawar abin da suka cinye, suna kwace ragowar kai tsaye daga ƙarƙashin hanci. Jaket dabbobi ne masu sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ba sa yin ƙaura na lokaci, amma a wasu lokuta sukan yi nesa da wurin zama na dindindin don neman rayuwa kuma suna bayyana a wuraren da ake samun ƙarancin shanu ko yanki don ciyar da abinci.
Jackal yana cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries da yawa, gami da inabi, kankana, kankana, kwararan fitila, tsiren rake na daji. A cikin Tajikistan, a damina da damina, ana ciyar da ita sosai akan fruitsa ofyan maye.
Dawakai da suke zaune kusa da ɗan adam suna wadatar abinci. A ƙauyuka da biranen Kudancin Asiya, suna ta yawo ta hanyar shara da datti, suna ta zagawa suna neman ɓarawon burodi a cikin bukkoki a cikin wuraren da ba su da kyau.
Jackal dabba ce mai hazaka da rashin hankali. Dangane da tsananin girman kai hare-hare kan gidajen kaji da gidajen gona, watakila ma ya fi gaban dawakai. Koyaya, maƙarƙashiyar tana da matsananciyar tsoro don zama farkon wanda ya kaiwa mutum hari, don haka wahalar da mutane suke samu daga waɗannan dabbobin ya ƙanana kaɗan.
Jumbi nau'i-nau'i nau'i ne na rayuwa, kuma namiji yana ɗaukar aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin aikin rami da ilimin brood. Ana lura da dutsen mara da yawa daga ƙarshen Janairu zuwa Fabrairu, wani lokacin har zuwa Maris. Tsere yayi kama da wanda aka bayyana wa ƙyar kyarkeci - kodadai suna kuka da ƙarfi. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 60-63. 'Ya'yan kwikwiyo an haife su ne daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa ƙarshen Mayu. Yawancin lokaci suna zuwa 4-6, lokaci-lokaci har zuwa 8. Mace whelps yawanci a cikin rami, wannan hanya ce mai sauƙin hawa zuwa mita biyu tsawo da zurfin mita ɗaya. Burbushin Jackal, saboda haka, ya fi sauƙi fiye da dawakai. Mafi yawan tari mai yawanci ana zuba a gaban ruwan mashin. A cikin wannan ramuka dawakan dawakai a cikin rana, kuma a lokacin hadari - a wani lokaci. Lokaci-lokaci a cikin kusancin akwai wasu kabura daban-daban na mutane daban-daban. Burrows zauna a cikin mafi wurare masu yiwuwa.
Matar tana ciyar da 'ya'yanta a cikin madara tsawon watanni 2-3, amma tuni tana da makonni 2-3 da haihuwa ta fara ciyarwa, tana kama abincin da ta haɗiye. A cikin kaka, matasa sun zama masu zaman kansu da farauta su kadai ko a cikin rukuni na dabbobi 2-4. Mata sun kai ga balaga cikin kusan shekara guda, kuma maza biyu. Tsammani na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12-14.
Jackal yana da sauti sosai kuma yana da murya. Kafin tafiya farauta, dabbar tana yin wani ƙara mai ihu, mai kama da ƙara mai ƙarfi, tana kuka, wanda sauran mutanen da ke kusa suke karba nan da nan. Sun fara hayaniya a wasu lokutan, misali, a yayin jin kararrawa, sauti na wani sautin, da dai sauransu. Additionari akan haka, dawakai suna kururuwa a duk tsawon lokacin da gudu. A cikin girgije da tsawa kafin lokacin sun yi shuru, amma suna yin kuka da yawa a cikin daren da ba a bayyana ba.
Amma abokan gaba na karnuka, to, ga wannan ƙaramin dabbar da rauni, kowane ɗan matsakaici da manyan masu farauta na iya zama haɗari. Ganawa tare da kyarkeci, inda iyakarta tayi mu'amala da dawaciyar, bata cika zama da kyau ba ga kakin - yana samun kyarkeci don cin abincin rana. A cikin ƙauyukan dawakai, a wasu lokutan ma ake murƙushe karnuka.
Talakawa jackal da mutum
A wasu wuraren jackal gaba daya baya jin tsoron mutum kuma yana iya tsayawa akan hanya kamar doan matakai goma sha biyu daga manoma. Inda akwai karnuka masu yawa, gonakin kiwo suna wahala sosai a wurinsu. Jaket suna haifar da babbar illa ga lambuna, guna da tsire-tsire, cin sukari, guna, kankana, inabi. Suna son Sweets kuma yawanci zaɓi tsakanin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari mafi cikakke, suna lalata yawancin masu girma, waɗanda, ƙoƙarin dandana, sun daina. Saboda wannan, yawancin mutanen gari suna bin karnuka, kama su da taimakon baƙin ko, a wani lokaci, harbi. Amma farautawar kyar da wuya yayi nasara sosai - ma harka ya zama mai wayo don kama gaban maharbi ko kuma ya faɗa cikin tarko. Jaket za su iya zama ba da haƙuri a cikin farauta mai farauta, musamman ma a nutria da muskrat, da kuma lokacin hunturu na tsuntsayen wasan. Dole ne muyi la’akari da gaskiyar cewa kodan fiska wani lokaci asalin cututtukan haɗari ne - zomaye da annoba. A cikin ƙauyuka, dawakai wani ɗanɗano ne na "datti", mai hana kamuwa da cuta da cututtukan fata.
Idan mukayi la'akari da dawakai daga hanyar fahimta, to kuwa babu wata fa'ida daga gareta - fatar jikinta bashi da dacewa da sana'a. A cikin 40-50s a cikin USSR, dusar kankara, duk da haka, an girbe, duk da cewa a cikin ƙananan kaɗan.
Jackal din yana da kyau. Ba abin mamaki ba a cikin abin da ya gabata, ga alama, ya ba da wasu nau'o'in karnukan gida.
Jackal a cikin al'ada
Jaket ɗin yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin tarihin adabin mutanen Asiya da Afirka. Ya shahara a cikin tatsuniyoyin Indiya, wanda galibi yakan bayyana ne a matsayin matsorata, amma ya kasance mummunan zato, yana yaudarar duk wanda ya hadu da shi. A wurare da yawa a Arewa da Yammacin Afirka, ana kuma girmama jackal saboda yaudara da kuma mayun azanci.
A tsohuwar Misira, mafarautan tana ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin da ake girmamawa, an nuna hoton allahn Anubis tare da shugaban dawakal.
Ga mutane da yawa, hoton karnuwa ba shi da kyau, ko da yake ba abin ƙyamar kama da kamanninyar ba. Misali, a kasashen Gabas ta musulmai, dawakai suna da alaƙa da rashin girman kai, lasisi, da kuma maganganu (dalilin hakan, a fili, al'adar jackal ta ɗauko ragowar abincin manyan masu farauta, ana bin su a zahiri). Ya kuma sanya matattara da ma'ana. A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, kalmomin "dawakal", "ɗan dawani" la'anar la'ana ce. R. Kipling ne ya gabatar da irin kamannin dawakai a cikin “Littafin Jungle” - duba Tobaccos.
Ko da a cikin harshen Rashanci akwai wani wuri don tarawa. Wata sananniyar kalma ce "dawakiya" a cikin ma'anar - don yin tawali'u don neman abin rubutun.
Bayanan Gaske
- Romawa sun kira jaket ɗin ƙyarkewar zinariya. Saboda haka sunansa na Latin aureus, wato zinari.
- Abun ci gaban kasada, wani lokacin akan same shi a kwanyar tarakken talakawa kuma mai ɗauke da wata madaidaicin gashi, ana ɗauka shine mafi kyawun mascot a sassa da dama na Indiya kuma ana kiransu ƙaho jackal.
- Chandragupta Marg Street a Delhi, wanda ke fuskantar Ofishin Jakadancin Rasha a Indiya, sananne ne tsakanin ma'aikatan ofishin jakadancin a karkashin sunan mai ban dariya Jackal Street. Gaskiyar ita ce koda kusan shekaru 10-15 da suka gabata, mutum zai iya haduwa sau da yawa akan dawakai, waɗanda ke zaɓa da ƙarfi da daddare.
- Kamfanin Aeroflot ba ya amfani da karnuka, sai dai giciye tsakanin karnuka da karnukan Sulimov, don bincika jaka don yiwuwar gano abubuwan fashewar. Don nishaɗi, ana kiran wannan "kiwo" "shabaka." An yi jayayya cewa Shabaki yana da kyakkyawan wari fiye da matsakaicin kare.
- Shahararren 'dan wasan nan na duniya Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez ya sa wa suna "Jackal".
Bayanan kula
- ↑Sokolov V.E. Theamus biyu na sunayen dabbobi. Dabbobi masu shayarwa Latin, Rashanci, Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci. / Acad ya gyara shi. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. lang., 1984. - S. 94. - 10,000.
- ↑African Wolf // Brockhaus da Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: A cikin kundin 86 (kundin 82 da ƙarin 4). - SPb. , 1890-1907. Mataki na ashirin da Pedashenko D. D.
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