Dinnik Viper - Vipera dinniki Nikolsky, 1913

Amintaka Rarity: 2 - rage adadi. Emarshe daga cikin manyan duwatsun Babban Caucasus.

Bayanin: Tsawon jikin wutsiya har zuwa mm 550. Maza suna kanana fiye da mace. Launi yana da bambanci sosai, daga kore mai kauri zuwa na lemun tsami, bulo, azurfa mai launin shuɗi tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙar fata zigzag, sau da yawa ya tsage a tsakiyar jikin zuwa cikin jerin abubuwan da ke daɗaɗɗen gurguzu. Akwai daidaikun mutane waɗanda a tsakiyar baya zasu wuce madaidaicin tsinkaɗar launin shuɗi mai duhu. Cikakken duhu yana cikin duhu ko kuma launin toka a cikin duhu. An kawata dabbobi matasa cikin launin ruwan kasa da launin toka-toka [1,2]. Vipers daga yawan jama'ar Tsakiya da Gabas. Caucasus ba shi da launi mai haske kamar ɗumbin jama’ar yankin yammacin Caucasian. A karshen, ba a san melanist ɗin ba, ba a sani ba daga yawan mutanen gabas.

Yaɗa: An bayyana nau'in halittu daga babba r. Malaya Laba (Resucen Caucasian, Yankin Krasnodar). Yankin ya hada da Babban Caucasus a cikin Rasha, Georgia da, a fili, Azerbaijan. A cikin Rasha, ci gaba da nau'in nau'in ya bazu daga duwatsun Chugush, Dzhemaruk, Tybga da yawansu (Pshekish, Abago, Atamazhi, da dai sauransu) zuwa yamma. zuwa babban kogi. Big Laba zuwa gabas. Bayan ya karya kewayon a yankin Colchis Gate (saukad da babbar gangariyar Caucasian tsakanin kololuwar Fisht da Chugush), kwayar Dinnik ta sake fitowa a kan matattarar Fisht-Oshten, wadda ta wuce zuwa yamma. Yawancin mazaunan karkara daga duwatsun Outl, Khakuj, Shesiya da sauransu sanannu ne, waɗanda sune kogunan ƙarshe na ƙarshe waɗanda ke ɗauke da ciyawar subalpine a cikin sassan. Gabas daga kogi Bolshaya Laba an san wurare da dama na wannan nau'in daga Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ossetia ta Arewa, Ingushetia, Chechnya da Dagestan.

Habitat: Jinsunan makiyaya na dutse na Subalpine, an rarrabe shi daga 1500 zuwa 3000 m sama da matakin teku Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na sama, subalpine da shiyyoyi masu tsayi. An lura dashi a cikin dazuzzuka na birni na subalpine, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, gandun daji na beech-birch-rowan, a cikin bishiyoyin maple, manne wa dutsen scree, maɓuɓɓugan rhododendrons, ciyawa subalpine masu tsayi tare da gwanayen dutse. Mafi yawa akan moraines mai cike giram kusa da koguna da koguna. Wuraren Winter suna cikin kusanci ga biotopes na bazara. Kwakwalwa suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin amfanin yankin su: a daidai wannan maki, ana samun wasu daidaikun mutane don yanayi 3. A cikin bazara, sun bayyana daga tsakiyar Afrilu, a matsakaita na yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullum na + 11 ° С. Mating a ƙarshen Afrilu-Mayu. Haihuwar matasa a cikin shuka. gangara a watan Agusta, zuwa kudu. gangara cikin watan Satumba. Akwai matasa matasa 3-5 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Mata basa shiga cikin kiwo kowane shekara. Aikin lokaci yana gudana har zuwa watan Satumba; a ƙarshen Satumba, macizai sukan tafi hunturu. Suna ciyar da ƙananan ƙananan kwari da kwari na orthopteran; an lura da ƙayyade abinci na mutane a cikin ɗigon micropopulations.

Ngarfi: Yawan jama'a a sassa daban daban ba daidai bane. Ya fi dacewa a kan dutse mai ban tsoro da moraines na subalpine na yankin Caucasian: 5-7 vipers / km na hanyar, har zuwa 20 samfurori a kowace balaguro ana iya samunsu a wuraren da ke cunkoso [2,4,5], har zuwa 30-40 mutane a hectare an rubuta. A yamma. iyakokin rarrabuwar masifa basu da wuya; haɗuwa da su abune maraba. Gabas daga wurin ajiya na Caucasian, adadin yana raguwa: a cikin Karachay-Cherkessia, matsakaicin ƙarancin shine mutane 4 / ha, a cikin wasu yankuna na Tsakiya da Gabas. Tarurrukan Caucasus sune bahaushe. Abubuwan iyakance halaye na dabi'a sune sassauyawar yanayi da shimfidar wurare mafi girma a Gabas. shugabanci, canjin dutse makiyaya biotopes dutse-steppe tare da garkuwa-kai viper ursini zaune da su - da V. lotievi hadaddun. A cikin bangarori da yawa na juyayi na waɗannan nau'ikan 2 (tudun Abishir-Akhuba, gindin Kogin Tiberda, gangarawar Dutsen Elbrus, Itum-Kalinskaya rashin kwanciyar hankali, da dai sauransu), dinnik viper zaune mafi yawan bangarorin tsauni na tsaunuka, suna ba da kyawun yanayin tsinkayen a cikin dambarwar ta Loar. Babban dalilan cutar dabbobi da ke shafar yawan macizai sune yawan macizai da lalata mazaunin dabbobi saboda tsananin kiwo da dabbobin makiyaya. Musamman damuwa shine canjin da aka tsara don shimfidar wurare na dabi'a a cikin kogi na sama. Mzymta yanki ne na keɓantaccen ɗan polymorphic na viper Dinnik.

Tsaro: An jera shi cikin jerin IUCN-96. Aƙalla mutane 15,000 ke samun kariya a yankin Kasuwancin Bioasa ta Amurka. Bugu da kari, an samo nau'in a kan iyakar Teberdinsky da Arewacin Ossetian, sashen Arkhyz reserve na Teberdinsky da adadi da yawa (Damkhurts, Chiliksky, Dautsky, Golovinsky, Tlyaryatinsky da sauransu), Sochi State Natural National Park. Wajibi ne a lura da yanayin yawan jama'a a duk faɗin, ƙungiyar ajiyar wuri a ɓangaren hagu na ɓacin ran Itum-Kalinsky. Don adana yawan polymorphic na babban kogin. Mzymta yana buƙatar samun damar wannan rukunin yanar gizon zuwa yankin Reshen halittu na Cibiyar Kasuwancin Jiki ta Caucasian [9-11].

Alamun waje

Dinnik macijin yana da ɗan tsayi, wanda a wasu lokuta kawai ya wuce 0.5 m. Maza sun ɗan ƙanƙane fiye da mace. Amsar babba da kuma mai lebur na jikin dabbobi masu rarrabe sun rabu da jiki ta hanyar bayyananiyar cikin mahaifa. Gashinan ƙanana ne, ya yi kauri a gindi.

A wasu juji na Dinnik, layin zigzag na bayan ya haɗa cikin ci gaba ko da tsiri

Launin viper ya bambanta sosai: akwai baki ɗaya mutane daban-daban, waɗanda ake kira da ma'anar maganganu, da kuma mutane masu launin lemo mai haske ko ruwan lemo mai haske. Yawancin macizai suna da zigzag mai tsalle-tsalle mai tsalle-tsalle a bayanansu, wanda wasu lokuta sukan hade cikin layi ɗaya mai ƙarfi. Morearin baƙin duhu biyu suna gudana tare da sassan. Pswan buɗewar ventral ɗin yana da haske tare da dige baki. Rashin canza launi na Dinnik viper yana da darajar kariya kuma yana taimaka wa maciji da abin rufe fuska da kyau a kan tsaunin tsaunuka mai ban mamaki. Persan matashi masu launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa da haihuwa yayin haihuwa kuma kawai sai a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa za su sami yanayin daidaita yanayin.

Ina yake zama

Dinnik macijin yana zaune ne kawai a cikin Babban Caucasus - tsarin tsaunin da yake shimfiɗa tsakanin Tekun Baƙi da Caspian. Tana zaune a duk tsaunukan arewa da na kudu, tana mamaye wani yanki mai fadi da ke tsaunuka, yankin da ake kira albinin, wanda ke saman 1500 m saman teku. Babban kewayon macijin shine a Russia, Azerbaijan da Georgia.

Matsakaicin mazaunin ƙawancen Dinnik shine tsaunin dutse mai cike da dutsen da yawa da yawa tare da rhododendron da moraine, tare da babban adadin gansakuka, lichen da thyme. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kwarin kogin dutse.

Ina adin Dinnik yake zaune kuma menene salon rayuwarsa?

Wadannan macizai suna zaune ne kawai a yammacin Caucasus, a cikin lardunan Stavropol da Krasnodar. Idan macizai na yau da kullun suna zaune a cikin gandun daji, kuma wadanda ke zaune a cikin tuddai, Dinnika mazaunin tsauni ne. Ana samun waɗannan macizai a tsayin mita 1500-3000. Suna zaune a kan tuddai na dutse, cike da gandun daji, a cikin ciyawa na ciyawa, farin ciki na dutse da kuma dutse mai ban tsoro. Yawan adadin jama'a a cikin mazaunan alfarma yayi dace da yawaitar ƙawancin talakawa.

Dinnik viper an dauki mafi kyau tsakanin vipers.

Dinnik viper ba ya son rana mai haske da zafi, don haka a lokacin rani yana aiki da safe da yamma. A tsayuwar rana, sun fi so su ɓoye tsakanin duwatsun, cikin manyan lamuran da ke ɗauke da manyan dabbobi. Ko da mata masu jiran jarirai waɗanda suke buƙatar buɗa rana ba sa fita zuwa faɗuwar rana, sai dai zaɓi wuraren da hasken rana yake shiga cikin wurare, yana fallasa rana zuwa wasu sassan jikin.

Yaya Dinnik viper yake ci?

Matasa matasa suna ciyar da masu shayarwa. Lizards ma sune yawancin abincin manya. Wannan halin yana faruwa saboda gaskiyar cewa adadin masu karɓar haɗari suna zaune a cikin Caucasus. Baya ga shaye-shaye, tsofaffin Dinnik vipers suna ciyar da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa - mice, voles da shrey.

Yayin farauta, macijin yana jiran wanda aka azabtar kuma ya cije haƙoransa da saurin walƙiya, yana allura mai guba. Sannan a hankali tana neman wanda ya cutar da ita ta hanyar wari kuma ta ci shi.

Tun bayan haihuwar Dinnik viper - ainihin magabata.

Sake bugun fitsarin Dinnik

Matan da ke jiran jariran ba sa motsawa da yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna zaune a kananan yankuna - ba fiye da metersan murabba'in mita. Wannan ya ishe su, saboda yayin daukar ciki basa cin abinci, zasu iya samun mafaka ne kawai da wani wuri da zaku iya kwantawa da rana.

Dinnik viper baya son zafi.

Lokacin kiwo yana da haɗari ga mata, saboda ana samun su galibi a wuraren buɗe ido kuma suna da saurin rauni. Tun da mata ba sa cin abinci a lokacin daukar ciki, kuma lokacin dumi a tsaunukan ba tsawo ba ne, yuwuwar haihuwa ta iyakance. A wannan batun, mata suna haihuwar jarirai ba kowace shekara ba, amma sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3. A lokaci guda, mace tana haihuwar ƙaramin yawan cuba --an - biyu ne kawai zuwa biyar, wanda shine sau da yawa ƙasa da adadin jariran da ke cikin ƙawan jini.

'Ya'yan jarirai ana haife su a cikin ɓoyayyen ƙwan ƙwai, daga nan suke fitowa. Bayan awa daya kacal, sai yaran suyi molt, kuma bayan sati 1 suka fara farauta da kansu. 'Ya'yan Dinnik' yan cirani sune masu farauta ko da a cikin sati-sati; suna iya ganima game da lizards, wanda girmanta yayi daidai da jikinsu.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Rayuwa

Babban aikin maciji da safe. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin girgije, ana iya ganin ɓoyayyen itaciya a kan gangara ko da rana. Tushen abincincinta shine nau'ikan jijiyoyi masu kama da jijiyoyi da masu shayarwa, lokaci-lokaci tana ciyar da kananan tsuntsaye. Hakoran viper an daidaita su ba kawai don allurar guba a jikin wanda aka azabtar ba, amma tare da taimakonsu kuma yana iya samun ganima a cikin duwatsun.

Farkon waɗanda suka fara fitowa daga ɓarna a tsakiyar Afrilu maza ne, kaɗan kaɗan daga mata. Mating yakan faru a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu. A tsakiyar watan Agusta - farkon watan Satumba, macen ta haihu daga tsirrai uku zuwa bakwai game da tsawon cm 15. Kusan nan da nan bayan wannan, sai ta tafi hunturu. Matasa girma yana aiki na kimanin wata daya. A wannan lokacin, yana ciyarwa da kannzamai da manyan kwari.

A cikin Littafin Red of Russia

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, adadin Dinnik vipers a hankali yana raguwa: yawan wuce gona da iri ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa na takamaiman mazauna. Sau da yawa, maciji ta zama wanda aka azabtar da baƙi masu sakaci waɗanda suke kashe ta idan sun haɗu. Don adana kwayar Dinnik, an gabatar da dokar hana fita ta kasuwanci a cikin wannan nau'in. Bugu da kari, ana kiyaye shi a cikin wuraren shakatawa da dama na ƙasar da keɓaɓɓun Babban Caucasus.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Itaciya ta sami sunan ta don girmamawa ga shahararren masanin binciken dabbobi na Rasha N. Ya. Dinnik yayin rayuwar masanin kimiyyar a 1913. Don haka, wani mashahurin likitan dabbobi A.M. Nikolsky ya yanke shawarar lura da muhimmiyar gudummawar abokin aikinsa ga nazarin dabbobin daji na Caucasus.

Kamar sauran wakilan wannan dabi'ar, kwayar cuta mai guba ce. Tushen gubarsa shine gubobi da haemolytic, wanda, faɗuwa cikin jini, ya lalata ƙwayoyin jini. Don magance gubobi suna amfani da magani na musamman "Viper". A cikin matsanancin yanayi, lokacin da babu inda za a jira taimako, nan da nan bayan ciji, ya kamata a sa maye a cikin rauni. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya fitar da har zuwa rabin kashi. Tun da guba na hemolytic yana aiki ne kawai a cikin jini, kuma ya lalata cikin ciki, wannan hanyar ba shi da haɗari.

Duba bayanin

Dinnik viper wani ɗan ƙaramin maciji ne (duk da haka, kamar yawancin vipers na gaske), yana kaiwa matsakaicin tsayin 60 centimita. Wutsiya gajera ce - har zuwa 8 cm, a cikin maza koyaushe ya fi tsayi fiye da na mace, saboda gabobin maza masu haɗin gwiwar - hemipenises - an kulle su cikin aljihunan aljihunan. Maza kansu sun fi kankanta da siriri fiye da mace. Gabaɗaya, jikin maciji mai kauri ne, kauri.

An fentin maciji da kyau: a kan janar, launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa ko launin fata, daɗaɗɗan duhu masu duhu suna tsaye da banbanci a gefan jikin da ke kusa da shi, a bayan, tare da duk jiki akwai farar zigzag mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa.

An fentin ciki da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa, ana yayyafa shi da ƙananan aibobi. Shugaban yana karami, ya faskara daga sama, an nuna dusar kankara. Launin kai yayi daidai da na farkon; ratsan duhu sun shugabantar da gefenta.

Eyes low set, tare da dalibi a tsaye. Wani lokaci akwai macizai tare da launin toka-ruwan zaitun da launin ruwan hoda da launin ruwan fata.

Kamar yawancin nau'ikan halittar ainihin macizai na gaskiya, a cikin ɗabi'ar waɗannan macizai, ana samun cikakkiyar ma'anar dabbobi - dabbobi waɗanda ba su da launi mai haske kuma ana fentin su a cikin launi mai tsabta, mara launi.

Melanists yawanci basu wuce 30% na yawan jama'a ba.

Yaran sun fi zane-zanen matsakaici - launin ruwan kasa, launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa, tare da tsufa yana samun kyakkyawan tsarin maciji na tsohuwar maciji. Irin wannan launi mai kariya ta hanya mai ban mamaki tana rufe maciji a cikin mazauninta na zahiri.

Habitat da salon rayuwa

Wannan nau'in ƙawanin ƙaya ne mai matuƙar girma ga Babban Caucasus kuma ba'a same shi ko'ina ba bayan wannan yankin. Wannan ne karo na farko da aka bayyana daga kogin Malaya Laba na sama, a yankin ucasar Hanyar Caucasus a cikin sasar Krasnodar.

Gabaɗaya rarrabuwa yana kan tsaunukan Babban Caucasus a cikin yankunan Georgia, Russia da Azerbaijan. A kan yankin na Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, ana samun viper daga duwatsun Dzhemaruk, Tybga da Chugush, da zuriyarsu (Abago, Atamazhi, Pshekish) - a yamma kuma zuwa kogin Bolshaya Laba a gabashin yankin.

A cikin yankin na ƙofar Colchis (rage ƙasa Babban Caucasian Range tsakanin kololuwar Chugush da Fisht), kewayon ya tsage kuma ƙazanta ba ta cikin yankuna masu kusa, amma ya sake bayyana a cikin taro na Fisht-Oshten, wanda ya wuce wanda yake yamma akwai ƙabilu na gida da yawa daga duwatsun Shesia, Outl, Hakuj da wasu.

Hakanan akwai adadin yawan jinsunan wadanda suka ware daga babban yankin zuwa gabashin kogin Bolshaya Laba, a cikin yankunan Arewacin Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia da Kabardino-Balkaria.

Dinnik viper wani yanki ne na musamman da ke kan dutse (ba kamar, alal misali, Caucasian viper da Radde viper, wanda kuma za'a iya samunsa a cikin shimfidar wurare), yana zaune a shiyyoyin albanya da subalpine, yankin hamada mai nisa, kwari mai kwari da kuma kwari. Ya fi son yankuna tare da ciyawar ciyawar ciyawar daji (hellebore, nau'in thyme, saxifrage, rhododendrons, Rosemary da sauransu) da moss-lichen alpine tundra.

Dinnik's vipers suna aiki mafi yawa a maraice da safe, a cikin girgije da yanayi, kuma suna aiki da rana, suna wanka da rana. Ragowar lokaci (mafi yawan rana da daddare), macizai suna ɓoyewa a cikin kabura a ƙarƙashin duwatsun, ɓoye tsokoki da sauran mafaka masu dacewa.

Vipers ba yan ƙasa ba ne kuma ba su da wuraren farauta ɗaya.Vipers ganima a kan m-kamar rodents (wanda ke samar da tushen abincinsu - har zuwa 60%) da sauran ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar su ciyawar daji, kurtun Caucasian, berayen daji, nau'ikan shush, lizards, da wuya, macizai su farauto kan kananan tsuntsaye da kajinsu.

Kamar kowane macizai masu guba, macizai suna kashe ganima da taimakon gubarsu. Homolytic guba a cikin vipers - da sauri gurguwa wanda aka azabtar da kuma haifar da halakar ja jan sel. Da zaran wanda abin ya shafa ya daina nuna alamun rayuwa, macijin a hankali ya fara hadiye shi.

Tun da dinnik viper dabba ce ta matsakaiciyar matsakaici, tana ɓoye lokacin hunturu. Kwakwalwa suna barin hunturu a ƙarshen Oktoba, sau da yawa suna haɗuwa cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a cikin voids tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi, manyan burrows da sauran wuraren da suka dace da wannan.

A cikin bazara, vipers suna bayyana a zazzabi wanda ba ya ƙasa da + 11 ° C, wanda ke faruwa a kusan farkon - tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Abu sananne ne cewa, ta hanyar dabarun haifuwa, maza sune farkon waɗanda suka bar iskanci.

Bayanan Ban sha'awa

• Dinnik macijin yana da ikon ba kawai haifar da cizo mai guba tare da haƙoransa ba, har ma da fitar da ganima wacce ta kashe ta kuma makale tsakanin duwatsu ko wasu abubuwa. Irin wannan halayyar baki ɗaya ba ta zama macizai ba musamman ga macizai, musamman ma mai guba, saboda yawanci isasshen ƙarfi da ƙarfi da hakora masu jan baki
• Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan macizai masu dafi a cikin Mafi Girma Caucasus, Dinnik viper shine mafi tsayiyen dutsen - mafi matsanancin wuraren da wannan macijin ya zarce mita 1,500 sama da matakin teku. Babu wani nau'in macizai masu dafi da ke tashi sama da wannan jinsin a cikin Great Caucasus.
• Irin wannan nau'in kirjin wani lokaci ana samun shi a cikin terrariums, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masaniyar maciji da tarin wuraren haila, duk da haka, filayen amateur wasu lokuta suna dauke da irin wannan. Ya kamata a sani cewa saboda yawan guba na wannan macijin, sanya shi a cikin gidan shakatawa na yanada hatsari musamman ga mai shi da na wasu!

Guba da haɗari ga ɗan adam

Kamar kowane nau'in halittar halittar vipers na gaskiya, cizon maciji Dinnik yana haifar da haɗari ga mutum da dabbobi. Mafi haɗarin maciji mai lalacewa a ƙarshen bazara da damina - a wannan lokacin, yawan haɗarin gubobi a cikin abincinsu ya fi yawa.

Tattaunawa tare da wannan nau'in na iya faruwa a cikin mazaunin viper, yayin tafiya tafiye-tafiye, balaguro. Yawancin lokaci cije shi ne mazaunan gida - makiyaya suna kiwon garken tumaki a tsaunin tsauni. Koyaya, yakamata a sani cewa viper na farko baya taɓa kaiwa hari kuma a ko'ina ya guji haɗuwa da mutum.

Da yake ana damuwa, macijin yayi ƙoƙari ya hanzarta ɓace, don ɓoye. Ciwan zai iya tsokano yunƙurin kama maciji, kuma, a wannan yanayin, maciji zai yi birgima cikin nasara kuma ya samar da huhun “blank”, tunda guba yana da matukar amfani a gareshi kuma ana amfani da albarkatun jiki da yawa akan samarwarsa.

A wata hanyar kuma, ciji na iya faruwa idan kun yi bazata a kan maciji. Musamman masu haɗari shine gaskiyar cewa a cikin waɗannan yankunan sau da yawa babu a kalla asibitocin likita waɗanda zasu iya ba da taimako ga wanda ya ci bashin guba.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, tsintsiyar maciji ta Dinnik - aikin hemolytic. Ya ƙunshi manyan ƙwayoyin nauyi mai nauyi na ƙwayar cuta, haemocoagulating da necrotizing mataki, peptide hydrolases, hyaluronidases da phospholipases, wanda a lokacin ciji ta hanyar jijiyoyin hannu suna shiga cikin tsarin jini, yana lalata ƙwayoyin ja - ƙwayoyin jan jini da tasirin necrotic, kamar samuwar jini, Har ila yau, nono.

Yawancin lokaci, bayan cizo, mutum yana jin zafi mai zafi mai zafi kai tsaye a yankin cizon, to, tsawon mintuna 15 zuwa 30, tsananin farji, tashin zuciya, amai, gudawa, ƙyallen fata, ƙara yawan ɗumi, sanyi, tachycardia mai yiwuwa ne.

A cikin lokuta masu tsauraran yanayi, asarar rai, kumburin fuska, raguwar hauhawar jini, zubar jini mai yawa (DIC), gazawar koda, rashin kwanciyar hankali ko sanadi.

Mace ya bambanta tsakanin 4-8%. A mafi yawan lokuta, sakamakon cizo bai wuce mako guda ba, amma zai iya wuce tsawon lokaci har zuwa shekara guda.

Musamman, rashin kula da kai mara kyau na iya haifar da nau'ikan rikitarwa.

Taimako na farko don cizo

A matsayin taimako na farko don cizo, ana bada shawara don kwantar da hankali, sanya bandeji na matsin lamba (amma ba yawon shakatawa bane!), Rage nauyin akan ginin har zuwa rashin ƙarfi, da kuma samar da abin sha mai yawa.

An rarraba ra'ayi game da fa'idar guba daga rauni: wasu kwararru sun yi imanin cewa, ana iya cire kusan 30-50% na dukkan guba tare da wannan hanyar a cikin mintina na 10-15, yayin da wasu suna ɗaukar cutarwa, tunda ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya shiga cikin jini tare da yau. purulent kumburi da kuma haifar da mafi tsananin sakamakon, har zuwa sepsis.

Daga cikin kuskuren da ba daidai ba, amma har yanzu an ci karo da (musamman a tsakanin al'umman yankin) hanyoyin magani, akwai yankan giciye a inda ake ciji, keɓewa, aikace-aikace na yawon shakatawa, da dusar ƙanƙara.

Kayan aikin likita na gaskiya wanda zai iya magance tasirin gubobi shine keɓaɓɓen magani - "Viper", wanda aka bada shawara sosai don ɗauka tare da ku yayin tafiya zuwa mazaunin wannan nau'in cutar.

Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya

Dinnik ta ƙawanin cuta ne, mai ƙoshin gaske da nau'in jijiyoyin jiki waɗanda ke buƙatar kariya.

Bugu da ƙari, Dinnik viper an jera shi a cikin ƙarin CITES na biyu (Yarjejeniyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta inasa a cikin Tsarin Lantarki na Wild Fauna da Flora). A baya, ba a ɗauki Dinnik viper a matsayin ɗan adam mai zaman kanta ba kuma yana cikin ɓangaren jinsin (a matsayin biyan kuɗi) - Caucasian viper (Vipera kaznakovi), wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin Littafin Layi na USSR (RSFSR da Georgian SSR).

A halin yanzu, ana kiyaye nau'in a cikin ajiyar wurare da yawa, wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa na kasa na Great Caucasus, duka a cikin Tarayyar Rasha da Jamhuriyar Georgia.

Babban haɗari ga nau'in yana wakiltar masu yawon bude ido waɗanda galibi suna kashe macizai a wurin sansanoninsu. Mazauna yankin suna tsoron duk macizai na gida (har macizai marasa lahani da ƙwararraki masu rauni - masu rawaya-da ƙwarya-ƙwaya), gami da irin wannan macijin kuma kullun suna kashewa akan lokaci.

Dinnik viper yana da ɗan kaɗan abokan halitta. Wasu lokuta ana farautar waɗannan macizai ta shinge gida, dawakai, mugayen dabbobi da kuma wasu tsuntsayen da ke farauta.

Duk irin yadda kwayar Dinnik ke da lahani, wannan mawuyacin halin kuma dabba mai kwarjini yana da fa'ida ga tattalin arziƙin ƙasa - yana ɓoyewa da kuma hana adadin ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Bugu da kari, guba da wannan da sauran nau'ikan halittar dan adam na hakika kayan abinci ne mai inganci don samar da magunguna daban-daban, wadanda hakan ya zama dole, musamman ga marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya. Don haka, yin taka tsantsan ga wannan da sauran nau'ikan macizai, za su adana rayayyun halittun ƙasarmu da duniyarmu baki ɗaya.

Abubuwan waje

Hotunan murhun Dinnik suna ta birge su da yawa. Macijin na iya samun launuka iri-iri: ruwan lemo-baki, kore kore ko lemun tsami. Yawancin lokaci launi yana haske, layin a bayyane yake. Hakanan ana samun daidaikun baƙi (kusan 22%). Melanists an haife su da launin fata, amma a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, launin ya zama baki ɗaya. Af, wannan shine sabon yanayin da ba a sani ba: melanists na halittu da yawa (alal misali, alakar Caucasian viper) yawanci suna da duhu a kan asalin baƙar fata.

A tsayi, viper ko viza Dinnik viper ya kai 50-55 cm, wato, yana da matsakaitan matsakaici ga dangi.

Cikakken ratsi, yawanci duhu, wuce ta tsakiyar baya. Siffar kai mai kaifin mashin ne, halayyar dukkan macijin, yana nuna hanci. Hanci ya dago kadan. Kamar almara matattarar kai, shugaban yana da bayyanannun kusurwoyi masu kyau lokacin da aka kalle shi daga sama. An bayyana maƙarƙashin mahaifa Jikin maciji ya yi kauri a tsawon tsawon tsawon sa, baya takura ga wutsiyar (as, misali, a cikin macizai). Wutsiya takaice, tana matsewa sosai. Dalibin a tsaye yake, kamar cat.

Yaɗa

Dinnik viper zaune a cikin Mafi Girma Caucasus, a kan iyakar Rasha, Azerbaijan da Georgia. Babbar hanyar ta shimfida gabas ta Bolshaya Laba, kuma baicin ta, an san wuraren ƙauyuka da yawa a cikin yankin Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechnya, Karachay-Cherkessia, Ossetia ta Arewa, Ingushetia, Adygea da Dagestan.

Fasalin halayen

Dinnik viper an samo shi a cikin sassan tsirrai da maɓallin subalpine, a tsawon mil 1.5 zuwa 3. Wannan maciji ba ya son wuraren buɗe wuta, yana son ƙaramar maɓuɓɓuga da ciyayi.

A cikin kwarin kogin, inda bazuwar gandun daji mai duhu, Dinnik viper ya zauna kusa da Caucasian ɗaya, kuma ana samun mutane da ke da halayyar jinsunan biyu a waɗannan wuraren (wanda ke nufin hybridization mai yiwuwa ne).

Wadannan macizai suna jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun, amma galibi suna aiki da safe da maraice. Idan akwai yanayin girgije mai duhu, ƙawancen na iya zama mai aiki yayin rana.

A watan Oktoba, macizai na barin hunturu. Wuraren da ba na yin nasara yawanci suna a kusa da kusanci zuwa wuraren zama. Maza sun kasance farkon waɗanda suka bar mafaka a ƙarshen Maris, kuma daga baya mata ma sun farka.

Farauta da abinci mai gina jiki

Dinnik macijin dabbar dabba ce. Manya da yawa suna yawanci a cikin rodents: mice, mice, shrews. Tare da rashin abinci, suna iya kai hari ga kananan tsuntsayen. Lingsan shekaru suna cin ganima a kan kwari da masu shayarwa.

A kan dabbobin da suka yi girma da girma, wannan macijin ba ya taɓa kaiwa hari. Jariri ya mutu yana kashe wanda aka cutar, kamar sauran yan uwan ​​sa, da taimakon guba. Tsarin muƙamula ya zama ruwan dare gama gari: haƙoran haƙora na haɓaka, ƙyallen suna da kauri da tsawo, amma suna iya aiwatar da aikin ƙugiya da ke haɗuwa da jiki. Saboda haka, maciji baya cizo kuma baya cin abinci, amma yana zub da ciki ne, wanda zai hadiye shi.

Hadarin dan Adam da Kariya

Wannan maciji mai dafi ne, guba ya ƙunshi maɓallin hemolytic, halayyar duk mambobi ne na dangi. Tana zaune a wuraren da suka shahara sosai a tsakanin masu satar. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai a sami damar sanin waɗannan macizai ba, har ma a san yadda ake yin hali yayin haɗuwa.

Dole ne a fahimci cewa babu ƙawancin da ya ɗauki mutum a matsayin abin farauta. Ta iya cizo yayin kare kanta.

Masana sun ba da shawara su bincika yankin sosai. A cikin ciyawa da akan duwatsu, wannan macijin mai haske yana da bambanci sosai. Kada ku yi ƙoƙarin kai mata hari, ku doke ta da sanda, jefa duwatsu. Mai saurin firgita ko mai rauni zai iya tayarda fitina, kuma abu ne mai yuwuwa wanda zai nuna tsananin tashin hankali fiye da mutum.

A yayin da ake cizo, ana buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa cikin gaggawa. Dole ne a kai wanda aka azabtar da shi zuwa asibiti da wuri-wuri. Yana da ma'ana a nan da nan tsotse gubar daga cikin rauni, wanke bakin da wurin ciji da ruwa koyaushe.

Idan abin da ya faru ya faru a cikin yanki mai nisa kuma jigilar jigilar sauri ba zai yiwu ba, yana da buƙatar sanya mutumin don shugaban ya zama ƙasa da ƙafafu (wannan yana ƙarfafa matsi na intracranial). Don rage taro mai guba a cikin jiki yana taimakawa a sha yalwa, mafi kyawun yanayi. Bukin yawon shakatawa abu ne mai wuyar aiwatarwa, amma m suturar nama a saman shafin cizon yana da kyawawa - zai rage yawan yaduwar cutar guba da ta lymph, amma ba zai cutar da jini ba. Don kwantar da yanayin wanda abin ya shafa, zaku iya ba shi maganin kashe kumburi da magungunan antihistamine, amma yana da kyau wannan ya faru a karkashin kulawar likita, kuma ba mai hankali ba.

Ko da idan an ba da taimakon farko daidai da cikakke, dole ne a magance batun sufuri da sauri. Tattaunawa da likita don wanda ya kamu da ciwan kwaya yana da mahimmanci!

Matsayi na Littattafai

A cikin adalci, mun lura cewa wannan macijin yana shan wahala daga mutum fiye da cutar da shi. A cikin Sabon littafin, viper Dinnik shine mai saurin cutar. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan zubar da mutuncin mutum dangane da ayyukan dan Adam: lalatattu, makiyaya a cikin ciyawa, kiwo a filaye don aikin gona.