An ambaci sarki na farko a cikin litattafai tun karni na 3, hotunan farko zuwa karni na 5. Koyaya, ana ba da izinin fadar shugabanci a China a ƙarshen karni na III. e. Sunan "shugaban" yana da alaƙa da hanyar kunna kayan kida: "pi" yana nufin motsin yatsunsu ƙasa da kirtani, da "pa" - juyawa juyawa.
Pipa, a zamanin da aka sani da suna "fadar tare da wuyan wuyansa", Babban kayan kide kide na kasar Sin, wanda aka aro daga Mesopotamia a karshen zamanin gabashin Han (25-220), kuma ya shiga cikin yankin ta hanyar Xinjiang da Gansu har zuwa karni na hudu. Bayan daulolin Sui da Tang (581-907), Kakakin ya zama babban kayan aiki. Ludarshe kusan dukkanin wasannin kide-kide na zamanin Tang (618-907) an yi su a kan bututun mai. Duk wani kayan aiki na yau da kullun na solos, kayan tarawa (na kayan aiki biyu ko fiye) da taya, shugaban ya shahara saboda iya bayyanawa da iyawar sa da iya ƙarfin sa da iya gwargwadon iko, kuma a lokaci guda, ya kasance mai ladabi da ladabi.
Daga wannan karniGodiya ga kokarin Liu Tianhua da sauran kade-kade da dama da masu kade-kade, an inganta fasahar yin fasa bututu sosai sannan kuma an kara wadatar da kayan aikin kida.
Na'ura
Pipa yana da yanayin lu'ulu'u mai siffar katako ba tare da ramuka masu santsi da gajeren wuya tare da sandar toothed toothed. Gefen hakoran barbasu sune farkon tsayayyen tanki na farko, ragowar 13-14 na daɗaɗɗun fasalin katako na katako a saman bene. Abun siliki (mara galihu - ƙarfe) an haɗe shi da tsutsotsi da mai riƙe da zaren. Tsawon kayan aikin yau da kullun shine kusan cm 100, nisa 30-35 cm.
Ana fitar da sauti tare da faranti, amma wani lokacin tare da yatsan hannu, wanda aka ba da sifa ta musamman.
Labari - galibi A-d-e-a.
Range: A - a2, cikakken sikelin chromatic.
Lokacin kunna wasa, ana gudanar da shugabanci a tsaye, ana yatsun yatsun hannun hagu a cikin kirtani, kuma yatsun hannun dama na dama an tsinkaye kirtani kuma suna fitar da sautuka. Suna wasa bututun yayin da suke zaune, suna hutawa ƙarshen jikin a gwiwa, da wuya a kafada ta hagu. Ana amfani da hoto azaman solo, waƙoƙi ko kayan kiɗa don rakiyar waƙoƙi da kuma karatun karatun. Lokacin yin kida na kiɗa akan bututu, ana yin akasarin wasannin kwaikwayo na kiɗa da rudu shirin.
Bidiyo: Pipa
Wani muhimmin bambanci daga sauran frogs - kafafu na gaba na wannan amphibian ba su da membranes a ƙarshensu kuma ƙare tare da yatsunsu masu yadu. Kuma abin da ya fi ban mamaki - babu takamaiman bayani a kansu, wanda ke bambanta Surinamese gudoomiyaha daga cikin manyan dabbobi gabaɗaya. Amma a kan kafafu na baya akwai fatar fata, suna da bambanci a cikin ikonsu kuma suna akwai tsakanin yatsunsu. Wadannan jaka-jikan suna sa motsi cikin kwari a cikin ruwa mai karfin gwiwa.
Tsawon jikin Surinamese fadar kusan ba ya wuce cm 20. Ba wuya a lokacin da aka sami manyan mutane wadanda tsawonsu ya kai 22-23 cm. Fatar wannan dabbar tana da wuyar gani kuma tana birgima a cikin tsarinta, wani lokacin zaka iya lura da alamun baƙar fata a bayan sa. Ofaya daga cikin manyan "nasarorin" juyin halitta waɗanda ke ba da damar Surinamese magana ta dace da yanayin muhalli mara laushi ne (sabanin yawancin yawan kuzarin yanayi). Wadannan kwaɗi suna da fatar launin toka-mai-launin fari da ciki mai haske.
Sau da yawa akwai wani duhu mai duhu wanda yake zuwa har zuwa makogwaro yana rufe wuyan kugu, don haka ya zama iyaka akan sa. Kamshin dabba mai daxi, mara dadi mara kyau na wani ɗan dabba mai ɗan kwalliya wanda ya zama abin hanawa ga masu son farautar (ƙanshin "yayi kama da sinadarin hydrogen).
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Abin da shugaba yayi kama
Pipa yana cikin aji na amphibian, dangin shugaban. Abubuwan da suka bambanta nau'ikan nau'ikan halitta sun fara riga a wannan matakin - har ma idan aka kwatanta da danginsu, Kak yana da bambance-bambance masu yawa, saboda abin da yawancin likitocin dabbobi a farkon haduwa da wata baƙon dabba gaba ɗaya suna shakkar ko ƙuruciya. Don haka, babban bambanci na farko daga duk sauran 'yan amphibians (da kwaɗi musamman) shine physique na musamman.
A karo na farko da ta lura da rana mai tsayi, ra'ayin ya nuna cewa ba ta da sa'a sosai, saboda tana kama da ta yi tafiya a saman kankara, kuma sau da yawa. Jikinta a jikinta yayi kama da ganyen da ya fadi daga wata bishiyar zafi, saboda tayi kauri kuma mara nauyi. Kuma rashin sanin kowane irin dabara, har ma a yarda cewa a gabanka ba asalin ganye bane, amma rayayyiyar halittar ruwa daga kogi mai dumama ruwa, tana da matukar matsala.
Wadannan 'yan amphibians kusan ba sa barin yanayin yanayin ruwa. Ee, a lokacin rani za su iya matsawa zuwa tafkunan da ba su bushe ba, kuma ban da yanayin yanayi mai kyau na waɗannan dankali mai kwanciyar hankali, babu abin da zai tsoratar da su. Pipa gaba ɗaya misali ne mai kyau na tasirin juyin halitta akan jikin wata dabba - saboda tsawon rai a ƙarƙashin ruwa, idanun waɗannan magabatan sun zama ƙanana da ɓoyewar ƙugu, akwai ƙarar harshen da kuma cutar rarrafewar ƙwayoyin cuta.
Surinamese peep, wanda ke zaune a cikin kwari na Amazon, marubucin Gerald Darrell ne ya baiyana shi a cikin littafinsa Three Tickets to Adventure. Akwai hanyoyin da ke gaba: “Ya buɗe dabino, sai wani dabba da baƙon abu ya bayyana ga fuskata. Ee, a cikin bayyanar yana kama da toad launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya zo a ƙarƙashin latsa.
Shortan gajerennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn yournnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnjnjnnn wannansu bayyane "a cikin sasanninta na jikin murabba'i wanda yai kama da hakan yasa aka sake tunawa da lamuran lamuran da ba zata. Zzlearfin wuyanta yayi kaifi, idanuwanta sunyi ƙanƙan, kuma siffar bututun yayi kama da na gogewar.
Ina shugaban yake zaune?
Hoto: Pipa da rana
Mafi kyawun wurin zama wannan ƙwayar jikin itace jikin ruwa mai ɗumi da ruwa mai laka, ba a rarrabe shi da mai ƙarfi na yanzu. Haka kuma, kusancin mutum baya tsoratar da ita - Kogunan Surinamese suna zaune kusa da mazaunin mazaunan, ana ganin su basu da nisa daga wuraren shuka (galibi a cikin hanyoyin ruwa). Dabba kawai tayi ado da ƙasa mai laka - da kuma babba, ɓangaren ɓoyayyen wuri shine wurin zama dashi.
Irin waɗannan halittun masu ban mamaki suna zaune a ƙasashen Brazil, Peru, Bolivia da Suriname. A nan ana ɗaukar su a matsayin "masu mulkin dukkan ruwan tsarkakakkun ruwa" - pewancin Surinamese yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa ta musamman. Wadannan frogs ana iya ganinsu cikin sauki ba wai kawai a cikin kowane irin tafkuna da koguna ba, har ma a cikin hanyoyin ruwa na ban ruwa da ke kan tsiro.
Ko da tsawon lokacin fari ba zai iya tilasta musu yin tururuwa zuwa ƙasa mai zurfi ba - Kakakin gwamma ya zama cikin rabin ciyawar da aka bushe. Amma tare da lokacin damuna a gare su yana fara ingantaccen sararin samaniya - kwaɗi suna ɗaukar rayukansu, suna motsawa tare da kwararar ruwan kogin cikin gandunan da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye su.
Duk abin da ya fi ba da mamaki shi ne ƙauna mai ƙarfi na Pip Surinamese don ruwa - an ba da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan dabbobi suna da haɓakar haɓaka da fata, fata mai ban tsoro (waɗannan alamun sun fi halayyar dabbobi ƙasa). Jikinsu yayi kama da ƙaramin ganye mai ɗimbin shudewa tare da sasanninta mai kaifi a gefenta. Matsayin sauyin kai a cikin jiki kusan ba a bayyana shi ba. Idanu suna dubanta koyaushe.
Abubuwan ruwa na jikin ɗan adam sun zama wani wurin zama na kogin Surinamese. Duk da rashin bayyanar kyakkyawa mai kyau da kuma ƙanshin warin hydrogen sulfide, mutanen da suke son dabbobi masu daɗi suna da farin cikin haifan waɗannan baƙin kwaroron gida. Gabaɗaya sun ɗauka cewa yana da ban sha'awa da sanarwa don bin tsarin ɗaukar larvae ta mace tare da haihuwar tadpoles.
A wannan yanayin, idan bayan karanta labarin za ku ji juyayi ga Surinamese peep kuma ku yanke shawara sosai don samun irin wannan ƙwayar a gida, to, nan da nan shirya babban akwatin kifaye. Ampaya daga cikin amphibian yakamata ya sami akalla lita 100 na ruwa. Ga kowane ɗayan masu zuwa - irin wannan girma. Amma abin da ke can - ya juya cewa Pipa Surinamese a cikin daji kawai ya saba da kowane yanayi. A cikin bauta, tana fuskantar matsananciyar wahala, kuma domin wannan dabba ta haifi zuriya, dole ne a samar da wasu halaye da yawa.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- tabbatar da yawan oxygenation na akwatin kifaye,
- yanayin zafin jiki akai-akai. An halatta sauya yanayin ƙima a cikin kewayon daga 28С zuwa 24С,
- abinci iri-iri. Wadannan frogs suna buƙatar a ciyar da su ba kawai tare da forages bushe don fauna na akwatin kifaye ba, har ma tare da earthworms, larvae na kwari ruwa da guda na sabo kifi.
Don yin Surinamese shugaban da ke zaune a cikin akwatin kifayen suna jin daɗin rayuwa mai kyau, yashi yakamata a zubar da yashi mai tsabta da kuma algae mai rai.
Me shugaban yake ci?
Hoto: Pipa a cikin ruwa
Tare da yatsunsa masu ƙarfi da dogon zango da suke a goshinsa, toad ya kwance ƙasa ya nemi abinci, sai ya aika da bakin sa. Ta taimaka wa kanta a cikin wannan kyakkyawan tsari tare da ci gabanta. Ganin cewa suna kama da taurari masu nisa, wannan kwayayen da ake kira "tauraro-kare". Abincin da ke cikin ƙwayar Surinamese ya ƙunshi wurare daban-daban na sharan gona da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasan tafki, a cikin ƙasa.
Bugu da kari, shugaban ya ci:
- karamin kifi da soya,
- tsutsotsi
- kwari kwari
Kwaro na hoto kusan ba taɓa farauta a farfajiya ba. Ba kamar kwarororo na yau da kullun ba, waɗanda muke saba gani, ba sa zama a cikin fadama kuma ba sa kama kwari da yawa. Ee, suna da fata mai laushi, dumbin huhun huhun, amma Surinamese magana yana cin abinci ne kawai ta hanyar tona zurfin rami, ko kuma kawai ta kasance cikin ruwa.
Dangane da lokacin damina, wasu masu bincike sun lura da yadda a cikin lokacin damina, 'yan amurka da ke Kudancin Amurkan ke bayyana a bakin tekun kuma suka rufe daruruwan kilomitoci don samun daskararrun datti da ke da datti da ke kusa da dazuzzukan. A yanzu can suna dumama da wuta a rana.
Yanzu kun san yadda za a ciyar da ficen shugaban. Bari mu ga yadda ta yi rayuwa a cikin daji.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Suriname Pipa
Kamar sauran tsirrai masu zafi, yayin bushewa ko bushewa daga jikin ruwa, Pipa Surinamese yana zaune tsawon lokaci cikin ƙazanta, marassa ƙarfi ko kuma tsagi, yana haƙuri da farawar lokaci mafi kyau. Ya firgita, amphibian da sauri ya yi ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, yana haƙa zurfi a cikin murɗa.
Ba shi yiwuwa a zauna a kan siffofin halayen tadpoles iri iri. Misali, tadpoles mai karfi yakan iya zuwa saman ruwa kuma ya kama kumfa mai iya rayuwa-wuri-wuri. Rashin 'zuriyar', a akasin wannan, ya faɗi ƙasa kuma ya taso kan ruwa tare da ƙoƙarin 2-3 kawai.
Bayan huhunsu na bude, tadpoles na iya iyo a sarari. Haka kuma, a wannan matakin suna nuna halayyar rashin ruwa - yana da sauƙin tserewa daga mafarautan da samun abinci. Frog, wanda a baya ya ɗauki kwai a bayan sa, bayan fitowar tadpoles, rubs akan duwatsu, yana son cire ragowar ƙwai. Bayan molting, mace mai yin jima'i ta sake shirye don matta.
Tadpoles suna wadatar farawa daga ranakun 2 na rayuwarsu. Babban abincin da suke ci (komai girman sautinsa) ciliates ne da ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda ta irin nau'in abincin da suke ci sune masu siyarwa (kamar mussel). Nettle foda yana da kyau don ciyar da kamun kai. Maimaitawa da haɓakar bututun Surinamese yana faruwa a cikin T (a vivo) daga 20 zuwa 30 ° C da tsaurin da bai wuce raka'a 5 ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: furin Surinamese Kakaki
Namiji cikin yin jima'i yana sanya takamaiman sauti yana buɗewa, yana nunawa mace ga cewa yana shirye ya sa ta ji daɗi da sha'awa don bata lokaci. Namiji da mace suna yin rawar aure kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin ruwa (yayin wannan aikin, ana “tantance juna”). Mace ta sanya ƙwai da yawa - a layi daya da wannan, “zaɓaɓɓenta” yana zubo su da ruwan ɗinta.
Bayan haka, macen tayi ƙasa, inda kwai ya hadu da ita ta faɗi kai tsaye a bayanta kuma nan take ta manne da ita. Namiji kuma yaci gaba da wannan aikin, yana matsa qwai ga abokin aikin shi da kafafunsa na baya. Tare, suna yin nasarar rarraba su a cikin sel waɗanda ke a gefen ƙarshen baya na mace. Yawan ƙwai a cikin ɗayan irin wannan ya sha bamban a cikin kewayon daga 40 zuwa 144.
Lokacin da rana zata cika zuriyarta kimanin kwanaki tamanin ne. Theaukar nauyin '' kayan '' ƙwai tare da ƙwai wanda ke a bayan matar kimanin gram 385 ne - ɗaukar tsummokaran magana a kusa da agogo aiki ne mai wahala. Amfanin wannan tsari don kula da zuriya yana tabbata cewa akan kammala tsarin masonry, an rufe shi da wani yanki mai kariya mai kariya wanda ke samar da ingantaccen kariya. Zurfin sel daga inda aka sanya caviar ya kai mm 2 mm.
Kasancewa, a zahiri, a jikin mahaifiyar, tayi ne aka samu daga jikin ta dukkan abubuwan gina jiki da suke bukata don cigaban lafiya. Abubuwa da suka raba kwai daga juna suna yaduwa ta jiragen ruwa - ta wurin su oxygen da narkar da abubuwan gina jiki suka shiga zuriyar. Wani wuri a cikin makonni 11-12 matasa masu peeps an riga an haife su. Samun girma shekaru ne kawai 6 years old. Lokacin kiwo yayi daidai da lokacin damina. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda shugaban, kamar babu kowace rana, tana son ruwa.
Maƙiyi na dabi'a sun mamaye
Hoto: Toad Surinamese Kakakin
Pipa Surinamese magani ne na gaske ga tsuntsaye na wurare masu zafi, masu farautar filaye da manyan yankuna masu girma. Game da tsuntsayen - galibi waɗannan frogs din suna samun kansu ta hanyar wakilan corvidae, duck da pheasant iyalai. Wani lokacin ana cinye su ta hanyar ɓoye, macizai, herons. Mafi yawancin lokuta, waɗannan manyan tsuntsayen masu martaba suna iya kama dabbar a ƙafe.
Amma babban haɗari shine ga macizai a cikin Surinamese, musamman ma macizai na ruwa (kamar dai sauran toan toads da suke zaune a kowane yanki). Haka kuma, ko da wani kyakkyawan yanayinda yake taimaka musu anan - in farauta, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fi karkatar da yanayin motsa jiki da ma'anar zafin rana da halittu masu rai suke. Manyan waman kunkuru ma ba masu ƙiba ne wajen yin biki a kan irin wannan naman rana.
Haka kuma, idan manya suna da wata dama ta tserar da rayuwarsu ta hanyar gudu da sauri ko kuma buya daga mahangarsu, to hakika tadpoles din ba shi da wata kariya. Adadinsu da yawa suna mutuwa, suna zama abinci ga kwari na ruwa, macizai, kifaye har ma da katako. Gabaɗaya, kowane mazaunin tafki mai zafi "zai ɗauki shi a matsayin girmamawa" don cin abinci a kan tadpole.
Iyakar abin da ke ɓoye shine rayuwa - kawai gaskiyar cewa da zarar mace Pipa na Surinamese tayi kusan ƙwai 2,000, ta tserar da jinsi daga halaka kuma tana bashi damar adana lambobin sa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Abin da shugaba yayi kama
Ana rarraba yawancin cutar a kogin Kudancin Amurka. Ana iya ganin waɗannan frogs a kusan dukkanin ƙasashen wannan nahiya. Wasu masana binciken dabbobi sun lura da kasancewar waɗannan kwaro a cikin Trinidad da Tobago. Iyakataccen iyaka iyaka ya kai mita 400 sama da matakin teku (wato ana samun kogunan surinamese har a wannan tsaunin).
Duk da gaskiyar cewa an sanya hoton Pas Surinamese a matsayin amarya, wannan ƙwanƙwasa ana ɗaukar shi wani nau'in halittar ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa - a wata ma'anar, yana rayuwa koyaushe cikin ruwa, wanda ke iyakance rarrabuwar jama'a na nau'in. Pipa Surinamskaya ya fi son wuraren ajiye ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsafta ko tare da jinkirin kwarara - yankin yana ɗaukar yawancin koma baya, da tafkuna da ƙananan tafkuna na gandun daji.Frogs masterfully ɓoye a cikin auku ganye, yalwa rufe da kasan tafki. Saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin ƙasa suna motsawa cikin motsi da damuwa kuma (sabanin yawancin kwaɗi) basu iya tsalle mai nisa, mutane a waje da kandami suna zama mai sauƙin kaya.
Dangane da matsayin nau'in halitta a cikin yanayi, a yau ana ganin yawan adadin Surinamese shugaban da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da shi. Duk da yawan abokan halitta na asali da kuma tasirin cutar anthropogenic, ana samun yawancin nau'in halitta a cikin kewayon sa. Babu wata barazana ga yalwar wannan nau'in, kodayake a wasu wuraren an sami raguwa a yawan jama'a saboda ayyukan ɗan adam da mahimmin maido da yankuna. Pipa Surinamese ba ya cikin jerin jinsunan tare da barazanar lambobi, an samo shi a cikin ajiyar.
Pipa Surinamese ya bambanta da sauran wakilan amphibian ta hanyoyi da yawa - shi kaɗai ba shi da dogon harshe da aka tsara don kama kwari, babu membranes da falmaran a kan paws ɗin. Amma tana da kyau a rufe shi kuma mafi kyawun dukkan 'yan amphibians suna kula da zuriya, suna ɗaukar qwai a bayanta.
Bayanin Ma'anar Babbar Harshen Rasha, Dahl Vladimir
g. kasashen waje. ma'auni na giya, ganga, buhun 40-50.
Halittar yana da zafi. frogs, a cikin abin da frogs bayyana a sel a baya.
Zab. Fa'iza makaho, makafi? Pipka w. pipitsa, psk. shimfiɗar shimfiɗa, bututun shan taba.
Hannun hannu, bututu, bututu da aka saka cikin wani abu, misali. a cikin ganga
bututun ƙarfe, fick, a cikin kayan aikin gilashi, don gilashin wuta.
Wani nau'in pouch na tumbi a cikin doki, haɓaka ko babban wart. Pipp zap. shan taba bututu. Pipokpenz. Fa'iza shish, kuki.
Wikipedia
Pipa:
- Banan halittar ƙabilar cuta ce mai guba.
- Pipa wani nau'in kayan kida ne na kasar Sin.
- Pipa gwargwado ne na yawan giya.
- Pipa a Brazil, a karamar hukumar Tibau do Sul.
- Pipa, Alexander Viktorovich
Pipa - Nau'in nau'in kiɗan 4 na kasar Sin mai kidan. Daya daga cikin sanannun sanannun kayan kida na kasar Sin. An ambaci sarki na farko a cikin litattafai tun karni na 3, hotunan farko zuwa karni na 5. Koyaya, ana ba da izinin fadar shugabanci a China a ƙarshen karni na III. e. Sunan '' shugaban '' yana da alaƙa da yadda ake kunna abin da aka kunna: "pi" na nufin motsin yatsunsu ƙasa da kirtani, kuma "pa" yana nufin motsin baya zuwa sama.
Tana da karar mai siffar katako mai siffar katako ba tare da ramuka masu santsi ba da kuma gajeren wuya tare da sandar toothed toothed. Gashinan haƙoran ɓarke suna kasancewa farkon tanti 4 na farko, ragowar 13-14 na daɗaɗɗun fasalin katako na katako kusa da bene. Hanyoyi suna siliki, an ɗaure su da ƙugiya da mariƙin ɗaure. Tsawon kayan aiki na yau da kullun - kimanin. 100 cm, nisa 30-35 cm.
Ana fitar da sauti tare da faranti, amma wani lokacin tare da yatsan hannu, wanda aka ba da sifa ta musamman.
Saitawa - galibi A - d - e - a, kewa A - acikakken sikelin chromatic.
An yi wa shugaban magana yayin da yake zaune, yana hutawa kasan jikinsa a gwiwa, da wuya a kafada ta hagu. Ana amfani da hoto azaman solo, waƙoƙi ko kayan kiɗa don rakiyar waƙoƙi da kuma karatun karatun. Lokacin yin kida na kiɗa akan bututu, ana yin akasarin wasannin kwaikwayo na kiɗa da rudu shirin.
An bazu ko'ina a Tsakiya da Kudancin China. Tun daga karni na VIII, an kuma san shi a Japan a ƙarƙashin sunan biwa. An yi burodi masu girma dabam-dabam.
Pipa - gwargwadon ƙarar da aka amfani da shi don giya da giya a Arewacin Amurka, Birtaniya, kazalika daga al'adun cikin gida da nau'in sha. Girma da fadar giya ita ce, a cewar wasu majiyoyi daban-daban, cikin kewayon daga 450 zuwa lita 486. Amma game da giya, mabambantan hanyoyin bayar da rahoton lambobi daban-daban gaba daya, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa a fahimci komai, sai dai cewa yawan giya da babu ruwansa daidai yake da girman giya, kamar yadda yake darajar duk raka'a iri daya.
Pipa tsohuwar giya ce ta Turanci, kimanin lita 477. A masarautar Burtaniya tana daidai da galan 105. A cikin Amurka, tana da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, duk da cewa tana daidai da gallon 126 - galan aƙan. A cikin abubuwan biyu, Kakakin daidai yake da rabin tan da hogsheads biyu.
Misalan yin amfani da kalmar kalmomi a cikin wallafe-wallafe.
Ya zama kamar yadda kimiyya ta nuna cewa dangane da yanayin tsufa na yau da kullun ba tare da barin hoton da aka karɓa ba, waɗannan dunƙulewar, cike da nama na asalinsu, sun kusan sau biyu suna aiki kamar ƙarancin busassun hagu na ƙafar Surinamese peepsa bi da su tare da ƙwarya.
Saboda wannan peeps Nawa ne kuɗin da gwamnatin Amurka ta karɓa daga masu biyan haraji, da ɓarnar kuɗi a Sverdlovsk - a kowane lungu, kuma yaya tasiri!
Yawancin lokaci bai son zuwa nesa da gida, amma Pipa Kullum suna yin irin wainan da ke da daɗi, kuma ya kasance mai sauraro sosai cewa Bantu da wuya ƙin gayyatar linzamin kwamfuta.
Bantu, muryar ta zo daga ɗakin na gaba. PipaBayan wannan kuma Bantu ya ji ruri.
Zai yi Pipa da safe mai kyau yanayi, zai zabi manyan kwayoyi a cikin ɗakin dafa abinci, ya sanya mafi kyawun abincin biki kuma ya gudu zuwa daji don kiran abokai don shayi daga ganyen rasberi.
Don haka labarin ya fara amfani da linzamin kwamfuta Pipa, mink a cikin sito kusa da gandun daji da abokansa.
A cikin bango akwai kogunan da aka zana da kuma ramuka masu ƙarfi waɗanda za su zama wurin zama Pipa za a iya isa da sauri da sauƙi.
Don haka yau a Pipa wani kebbin ya rigaya ya shirya - ya tsaya kan tebur a tsakiyar falon falonshi.
Ba mai yawan fata ba, ko man shanu, daɗaɗɗɗa daga gansakuka, ko nono mai duhu, har ma dawakai masu kunya sun damu zuciya sosai Pipakamar kadaici da siriri.
Kuma a baya Pipa Ganawa da sautin fuskoki da fuka-fukan fikafikan Ukhsha da Ugurun.
Ya juya cewa Ukhsha ya kama ta bai dace ba Pipa, kuma a cikin burodin tare da rasberi, wanda ya riƙe goshinsa bisa kansa.
A cikin kusurwa, a cikin sashi na uku na kayan abinci, Pipa akwai ganye - raspberries, currants, linden, St John's wort, chamomile.
Sautin kukan nasu yana kwance Pipa, kuma wani lokacin yakan daɗe yana raba takaddun ƙwayayensa tare da dibannun sa, yana mai tabbatar da cewa basu dadda lalacewa ba.
Yan sarkokin rani suna kwance a can Pipa, igiya, abin rikewa daga gutsattsar kofin, wani irin shiryayye, rak, kwanon holey da guntun madubi da Bantu ya fashe a ranar da suka hadu.
Swimarar ruwa mai sanyi a cikin jakar ya shafa Pipa, kuma ya zube kwastomomin ruwa da ke gudana cikin kwandon, ya tafi don ganin abin da ya faru a can.
Fassara: shugaban
A bango gabanta yana karanta: apip
Pipa ta ƙunshi haruffa 4