Abin mamaki ne kawai don me yasa wannan irin girman kai, kyawawan tsuntsayen suke saka irin wannan prefix ɗin “makabarta”. A baya, an yi imanin cewa wannan mikiya tana cin abinci kawai, don haka suka fara kiran hakan.
Haka kuma, saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsu sau da yawa ya fi son bincika wuraren da ke kewaye da ginin, har ma ya zo da bayani "kabari". Koyaya, an gano cewa babban abincin gaggafa shine sabo wasa.
Amma, tunda tsuntsu bazai iya bayyana sunan shi ba, ba wanda ya sake sunan shi ba. Farin ƙasa na Eagle - babban maƙiyi tsakanin tsuntsaye. Tsawon jikinsa shine 83-85 cm, fuka-fuki ya kai 2 m, mikiya kuma tana da nauyin kilogram 4.5. Abin sha’awa, mata sun fi maza girma sosai.
A launi irinsa, ƙasa mai jana'izar ta yi kama da mikiya ta fari, duhu kawai. Kuma ya fi karami girma fiye da yadda gaggafa take da girma. Hakanan zaka iya rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan tsuntsaye biyu ta gashin fuka-fukan akan kai da wuya, kusan suna da launin shuɗi a ƙasa, kuma mafi duhu akan mikiya.
Da kyau, mikiya na zinari basu da “epaulettes” - fararen fari a kafada. Amma waɗannan bambance-bambance za a iya gani kawai a cikin tsuntsayen manya da suka girmi shekaru 5, har zuwa wannan lokacin, samari ba su da "launi" na ƙarshe.
Wannan tsuntsun yana da hayaniya. Kowane taron, ko da ƙima ne, yana tare da “tsokaci”. Ko hanya ce ta abokin gaba, bayyanar wasu nau'in dabba ko mutum, kwata-kwata makabartar tsuntsaye reacts tare da m, sauti croaking.
Kuma abu ne mai wuya ga mai kururuwa ya yi shuru yayin bincike da jan hankalin budurwa. Muryar ƙasa mai binne da babbar murya, ana iya jin sa a nisan mil ɗaya. Sautin kukan ya bambanta, wani lokacin ma kamar cunkoso, wani lokacin mai kama da kare, wani lokacin kuma ana samun tsayi, mara nauyi. Ragowar gaggafa ba su da “magana.”
Saurari muryar kabarin
Ya fi son matakin farko, dajin gandun daji da wuraren hamada, ya zabi gandun daji na kudu maso gabashin Eurasia, Austria da Serbia. Yana jin dadi sosai a Rasha, a kudu maso yamma, ana iya samunsa a cikin Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Mongolia da India.
Duk da irin wannan rarraba rarraba, adadin wannan gaggafa yayi kadan. Masana kimiyyar ilimin halittar dabbobi sun san ainihin adadin nau'i-nau'i inda suke. A bayyane yake cewa tare da irin wannan ƙarfin an binne ƙasa binne a cikin Littafin Lura.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Babban aikin tsuntsu ya fadi a ranar. Da zaran rana ta fito da haskoki da suka farkar da yanayi daga baccin dare, mikiya ta hau sama. Yana neman ganima. Da safe da maraice hangen nesan sa yana ba ka damar ganin ko da wani ƙaramin linzamin kwamfuta a wani tsayi mai tsayi. Kuma da dare tsuntsu fi son shakata.
Eagles ba su adana cikin fakitoci, su da kansu za su iya jure kowace irin matsala a cikin hanyar abokan gaba. Kuma ba su da abokan gaba bayyananniya, face ga mutum. Ko da duk da dokar hana daukar wannan zakin, mutum yana kama filayen jana'iza don siyarwa. Ragowar tsuntsu, mafi tsada yana kashewa.
Bugu da kari, biranen da suka ci gaba suna barin karancin sararin samaniya ga tsuntsaye zuwa gida, kuma layin da wutar lantarki ke shimfidawa ya lalata wadannan tsuntsayen. Wannan tsuntsu mai girman kai, ba zai zama banza ga abin kunya ba. Ko da waɗanda za su kewaye ƙasarsu, kabari da farko ya yi gargadi da kukan, kuma tuni bayan maharan da ba su da ma'ana suka ci gaba da kasuwancinsa, tare da yin watsi da gargadin, tsuntsu ya kai hari.
Bayan irin wannan harin, mutane kalilan ne ke tsira. Koyaya, wannan gaggafa ba ta yaƙi da maƙwabta kuma ba ta keta alfarmar yankin kanta ba. Ee, ba shi da wahala - babu filaye na binne tsuntsaye da yawa, saboda haka haɗuwarsu a wuri guda ƙanana ne, kuma yankin tsuntsu ɗaya yana da wurare masu yawa waɗanda suke wadatar abinci.
Gina abinci mai gina jiki
Babban menu na tsuntsaye sune beraye da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan ya hada da goitors, mice, hamsters, marmots da hares. Mikiya ba abar ƙyama bane kuma gashinta. Musamman ya fi son girgima da corvidae. Abin sha'awa, wurin binne shi ya isa ga tsuntsaye kawai idan sun tashi, gaggafa ba ta taba tsuntsayen da ke tashi.
Yana faruwa da tsuntsu ya ci abinci. Wannan yakan faru sau da yawa a cikin bazara. A wannan lokacin, ba dukkanin ƙwanƙolin wuta sun farka ba kuma sun ƙare a cikin minks, don haka filayen jana'izar, waɗanda suka shigo daga hunturu kuma suna shirye don bayyanar zuriya, ba su zuwa zaɓi.
Birdaya daga cikin tsuntsaye yana buƙatar abinci na 600 g. A mafi kyawun lokuta, gaggafa na iya cin abinci fiye da kilo kilogram, ba zai mutu ba idan ya ci abinci na 200 g. Amma a cikin bazara, ana buƙatar ƙarfi musamman, don haka ana amfani da gawawwakin dabbobin gida da gawawwakin dabbobin da ba su tsira ba lokacin hunturu.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Ma'aurata masu aure suna dawwama. Sau da yawa, koda a cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye biyu suna manne tare. Saboda haka, lokacin da suka isa daga hunturu, wasann sama da maza ke samarwa an shirya wasannin damuna ne, wadanda basuyi nasarar kirkirar wani nau'in wasan 'conjugal' ba.
Eagles na iya fara gina danginsu da zuriyarsu kawai lokacin da shekarunsu suka wuce shekaru 5-6. Kuma a lokacin, a watan Maris ko Afrilu, maza da mata sun shiga damuwa sosai. Sukan yi ihu a sararin sama kuma suna nuna duk abin da za su iya, suna yin abubuwa masu ban mamaki, suna jawo hankalin mutum.
Dukkanin wannan fasaha tana tattare da sautin kuka mai tsauri. Wannan halin ba shi da masaniyar hankali, saboda haka an ƙirƙiri sababbin nau'i-nau'i a cikin sauri. Tsoffin ma'aurata suna tashi zuwa wuraren da suka fara haihuwar su a shekarun baya kuma nan da nan suka fara inganta gidansu, sakamakon abin da gida yake girma kowace shekara.
Hoton shine gaggafa na gida na hurumi tare da kaji
Mikiya, wadda ba ta da hurumin haɗin gwiwa a da, fara farawa da zaɓin wuri. Don yin wannan, an zaɓi itace mai tsayi, kuma a nesa na 15-25 m daga ƙasa, ana gina sabon gida a cikin lokacin farin ciki. Ya dace da ginin da dutse. Gida an yi shi da twigs, haushi, ciyawa mai bushe da tarkace iri iri, wanda ya dace da kayan gini.
Girman dutsen da aka gina sabon ya kai cm 150, kuma tsayinsa ya kai cm 70. Yana faruwa cewa a cikin irin wannan “tsarin” suna samun mafaka kuma mafi tsuntsayen marasa-lalacewa - gizo-gizo, ɓarke, ko ɓarna da suka sauka a ginin gidan gaggafa. Bayan an gama gini, mace ta sanya kwai 1-3 kuma ta kwashe su tsawon kwanaki 43.
Mikiya namiji yakan taimaka wa 'yayan zina, amma mace ta zauna a mafi yawan lokuta. Chickks sun bayyana ba tare da gashin fuka-fukai ba, duk da haka, an rufe su da farin farin. Duk sati guda, mikiya bata rabuwa da yaranta, tana ciyar dasu kuma tana shayar dashi da jikinta. A wannan lokacin, shugaban iyali yana kula da abincin uwar da yara.
Yana faruwa idan ba kaji ba 2, kamar yadda aka saba, amma 3, kajin mafi ƙanƙantawa ya mutu, amma ƙaddarar da ƙwarjin ƙwarjin yafi ƙanƙanta fiye da ta gaggafa ta zinari kuma, galibi, kajin an aminta da lafiya zuwa girma. Bayan watanni 2 - 25, kajin an rufe shi da gashin tsuntsu kuma ya tsaya a kan reshe.
Koyaya, har yanzu suna da kusanci da iyayensu. Kuma sun kai ga balaga har bayan shekaru 5-6. Tsammani rayuwa ta gaggafa daga gaggafa daga gaggafa da suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin da aka kera su da yawa kamar su. A cikin daji, shekaru 15-20 ne, kuma a cikin yanayin da mutum ya kirkira, ya kai shekaru 55.
Mai gadi mai gadi
Lambar makabartar tsuntsaye tsoro karami. An jera shi cikin Red Book na dogon lokaci, duk da haka, wannan baya samar da hankali ga cikakken aminci. Kokarin farauta, sabbin wuraren gini, gushewar daji - duk wannan yana rusa ra'ayi. Don kiyaye gaggafa, an kirkiro ajiyar kaya, ana tsuntsayen tsuntsaye a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, suna haifar da yanayi a wurare masu kariya ta musamman. Ana fatan cewa waɗannan gaggafa ba zasu shuɗe ba, amma za su yi kuwwa a sararin sama lafiya.
Mikiya mafarautan tana da karami kamar gaggafa, tana da dadaddun paws da fulawa. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura. Theasar jana'izar ta zauna a cikin gandun daji, da kangara, kuma wani lokacin ma yakan zauna a cikin daji.
Kamewa - Tsuntsayen ganima
Iyali - Hawk
Uswayoyin Halittu / Jinsuna - Aquila heliaca
Bayanai na asali:
Tsawon Layi: 80-85 cm, mace tayi kadan fiye da namiji.
Wingspan: 190-210 cm.
Balaga: daga shekara 4-5.
Lokacin farauta: Maris-Mayu.
Gudanarwa: tsawon shekara 1.
Yawan qwai: 2-3.
Yin kiyayya: 43 days.
Ciyar da kajin: 65-77 kwanaki.
Halaye: Ugulu mai saukar ungulu (hoto) tsuntsaye ne masu aure, waɗanda ake sawa a cikin nau'i biyu, farauta a yayin rana.
Abinci: kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, dauke da kaya.
Tsawon rayuwa: Shekaru 15-20.
Mikiya, babban dabbar da aka tabo fari, kuma mikiya itace daga cikin halittar.
Jirgin binne a duk sassan kewayonsa yana ƙarƙashin kariya, amma, duk da wannan, yawan jama'a yana ci gaba da raguwa. Mafi karancin adadin tsuntsayen da aka samu a Turai. Kadan da mutane kima suna iya kallon rawar da ta dace da wannan gaggafa.
Yaduwa
Kabarin gaggafa sune tsuntsaye masu aure waɗanda suke cinye rayuwarsu tare da abokin tarayya guda. Kowace shekara suna komawa gida iri ɗaya. Ya iso daga ƙasashe masu ɗumi, makabartun suna yin rawa iri-iri - tsuntsaye suna haɓaka sama da gida, sannan kuma su jefa dutse, wani lokacin kuma sukan kama juna da hannuwansu da huɗunsu a sararin sama. Wani filayen jana'iza tare suka gina gida ɗaya daga rassan itace mai tsayi. Matar ta sanya qwai 2-3. Duk iyayen sun hada da kwai a madadinsu. Kajin da ya fara jefa farko ya fi girma girma da ƙarfi ga waɗansu. Thean farin ya ci yawancin abincin, wani lokacin ma yakan kashe killsan uwan sa. Koyaya, filayen jana'izar sau da yawa suna sarrafa kiwon kajin biyu. Rashin girma da karancin nau'in halittar sune babban dalilin da yasa yawan adadin tsuntsu a wurare da yawa ya ragu sosai. Bugu da kari, yin amfani da takin zamani na zamani a cikin aikin gona na cutar da yawan gaggafa.
FASAHA
Da farkon lokacin sanyi, mafi yawan gaggafa masu saukar ungulu suna tashi daga Turai zuwa Asiya ko Arewacin Afirka, zuwa yankin Larabawa da Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Iran.
Mafi sanyi a lokacin hunturu, nesa da tsuntsayen da ke tashi. Saurayi daga cikinsu ya tashi. Yayin doguwar jirgi, mikiya tana binne wuta kuma tana amfani da babban fuka-fukan ta domin shiryawa cikin hanyoyin iska.
Bayan ya tashi zuwa tsayi mai isasshen tsawo, a hankali ya gangara zuwa rafin iska na gaba, wanda kuma ya sake tayar da tsuntsun. Filin jana'izar ba ya haɗarin tashi saman manyan ruwayen, saboda babu matsanancin iska a waɗannan wuraren kuma tsuntsaye dole suyi ƙoƙari da yawa.
INA SON LAFIYA
Eungiyoyin binnewa suna zaune a cikin steppes, daji-steppes, hamada, filayen budewa kuma a wasu wuraren har ma da hamada. An samo wannan tsuntsu a cikin ƙananan yankin na tsaunuka. Mafi sau da yawa, mikiya na binnewa yakan zauna a cikin busasshiyar ciyawa mai ciyawa tare da bishiyoyi masu wuya da faci na ciyayi. Nau'o'in gidaje a nesa mai nisa daga juna, yankuna suka raba su ta hanyar tsaka tsaki. Yankunan farauta na kabarin yana rufe yanki mai nisan mil 50.
A cikin shekarun 1920, mikiya masu binnewa suna zaune a Danube Delta a Romania da yawa, inda kowane kilomita 3 na kogin akwai tururuwa ɗaya. Yawancin tsuntsayen yau da kullun suna zuwa neman abincin da ya isa daga gida, saboda haka yankin irin waɗannan nau'ikan zai iya zama babba.
A cikin shekaru sama da hamsin da suka gabata, yawan dabbobi waɗanda waɗannan tsuntsayen masu cin abincin suka ragu sosai a Turai. Babban ci gaban aikin gona ya mayar da gandun daji ya zama manyan filayen da kananan dabbobi ba za su iya zama da karfi ba.
A cikin tuddai na Asiya ta Tsakiya, an kara wani matsala ga wannan matsalar - Rashin bishiyoyin da suka dace da mazaunin ciyawa, wanda zai iya tsayayya da yanayin gaggafa. A yau, ana gano turɓayar ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasa.
MENENE Abincin
Kamar sauran gaggafa, ƙasa mai jana'izar tana ciyar da abinci ne kawai, amma ba ta ƙin ɗaukar kaya, wanda a wani lokaci na iya zama babban abincin ta - wannan yakan faru ne a cikin lokacin sanyi lokacin da wuya a sami ganima.
Mikiya mai binnewa tana neman wanda aka kashe, yana zaune akan bishiya mai tsayi, amma bata lura dashi ba, tayi saurin daga kansa. Bayan ɗan ɗan gajeren bi, gaggafa yakan riski wanda aka azabtar kuma ya tono a ciki da ƙarfi da kaifi, kamar ruwan wukake, kusoshinsa. A cikin mafi yawan kewayon, tushen abincin da ake binne gawa shine ya ƙunshi ƙera, hamsters, squirrels, zomaye da sauran ƙananan zoben. Wannan tsuntsu mai cin abincin zai iya kama manyan ganima wanda yake nauyinsa ya kai kilo 5. Ya kuma yi wa tsuntsayen bishara, kamar su ducks, geese, crows, har ma da harshen wuta.
Subsungiyar kuɗin Spanish da ke zaune a duwatsun Tsakiya da Kudancin Spain suna ciyar da zomaye. Jujiyoyin da ke binne ba wai kawai suna zaune ba ne, amma galibi suna farauta ne nau'i-nau'i: tsuntsu guda yana tsoratar da wasan kuma yana motsa shi zuwa ɗayan, wanda ke tsaye. Bayan ma'auratan sun sarrafa ganima, sai su ci tare.
BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.
- Nau'in kaburbura kowace shekara suna gyara mazaunin su, suna ƙara sabon rassa a kansu. Yawan taro yana girma koyaushe, kuma reshen da aka hau kan shi ba koyaushe yana tallafawa wannan nauyin ba, saboda haka yana iya fashewa.
- A wasu ƙasashe na Turai, duk da haramcin hukuma, mutane har yanzu suna yaƙi da dawakai da kyarkeci tare da bakunan dabbobin, waɗanda ke kashe yawancin dabbobi, gami da filayen jana'iza.
- Yawancin ƙarni na gaggafa masu binnewa na iya amfani da gida ɗaya har ƙarnuka da yawa har ma da ƙarni.
- Duk da girmanta yafi girma, mikiya tana binne akan kananan dabbobi, alal misali, frogs, gwari da kwari.
HUKUNCIN HUKUNCIN SAUKI CIKIN IYA. LITTAFINSA
Jirgi: mafi yawan lokuta mikiya ce ta binne a hankali tana hawa sama, tana kama ganima, tana fadowa daga sama tare da fikafikan wuta.
Qwai: mace na sanya fari fari biyu tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin fari, wanda dukkan tsuntsayen ke kwantawa tsawon makonni 6.
Beak: mai ƙarfi, daɗaɗɗen - ya durƙushe, yana aiki don tsage ganima.
Umyalli: launin ruwan kasa, kusan baki, akwai fararen fata a kai 1, kai, wutsiya da fikafikai. Tsuntsayen mata da maza iri ɗaya ne. Tsuntsayen matasa suna da launin ruwan wuta mai ruwan wuta. Har sai da shekaru 5, duhu.
- mazaunin juji
INA SON LAFIYA
Ulu na binne yana zaune a Kudancin Turai, Afirka ta yamma da Asiya. An rarraba ƙananan tallafin Mutanen Espanya a cikin iyakantaccen yanki a cikin tsaunukan Tsakiya da Kudancin Spain.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
An jiyar da mikiya a cikin Littafin Ruwa, yanayin yawan jama'arta yana ba da ban takaici.
Hanya kabarin ƙasa (1). Bidiyo (00:01:16)
An samo Eagle Mogilnik a cikin ciyawa tare da reshe mai rauni, a cikin wani rauni a cikin Oktoba 2010.
Sauka zuwa asibitin dabbobi, tunda tsutsotsin suka cinye gungun, likitocin asibitin dabbobi sun yanke reshen. Sashin yayi nauyi a bangon gidan). A yanzu haka cikin cikakken lafiya, yana cin nama kawai. Abinda kawai ba zai iya tashi ba, wanda a gare shi ba shakka babban bala'i ba ne.
Ya kasance tare da mu shekaru uku.
Ba a san yanayin jinsi da shekaru ba.
Ina yake zama
Ana samun wannan gaggafa a Arewacin Afirka da Eurasia daga Spain zuwa Transbaikalia. A Rasha, wurin binne gawa yana zaune a gefen karkarar kudu na yanki mai hade, a cikin dazuzzukan daji da kuma sassan Yankin Turai na Rasha da kuma Kudancin Siberiya. Yawan binne gawa a Turai ta Rasha 800 - 1000 nau'i-nau'i, a cikin Asiya akwai ƙasa kaɗan.
Wuraren da za a yi nasara (inda filayen jana'iza suka tashi a watan Satumbar-Oktoba) suna cikin Kudancin Asia da arewacin Afirka.
Gidajen gargajiya na yau da kullun na gaggafa na sarauta sune buɗaɗɗun bushewa tare da dogayen bishiyoyi masu tsayi, kewaye da sarari, gandun daji, tsibiri na Birch da gandun itacen oak.
Alamun waje
A waje, mikiya na binne yana kama da mikiya na zinariya, tana ba da girma ga girmanta. Wannan babban wakili ne na dangin shaho wanda ke da fuka-fukai masu fadi da iko da kuma wutsiya madaidaiciya. Yawan nauyin tsuntsaye ya tashi daga 2.5 zuwa 4.5 kilogiram, kuma jimlar jiki zai iya kai 85 cm.
A wurin binnewar kawai saman kai ya yi rawaya
Babban launi na damin shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baki ne. Yankin wuyansa yana da haske, anan gashin tsuntsaye suna da bambaro. Sau da yawa akan kafadu na filayen jana'izar mutum na iya ganin farin tabo, abin da ake kira epaulettes.Maza da mata da suka manyanta sun zama ba za a iya fahimtar su ba a waje, amma suna sa sutturar maza ne kawai a shekara ta shida ko ta bakwai. Kakin zuma da ƙafafu suna da shuɗi, amma maƙallan kafafu suna da shuɗi-baki.
Muryar ƙasa mai cike da ƙaƙƙarfan sauti mai sauti mai cike da ƙaƙƙarfan ra'ayi game da Goose gaggling da kare haushi.
Abubuwan Kyau
Tsuntsayen da ke binne shi babban juhurma ne, mai kama da tsari da nau'in canza launi zuwa gaggafa ta zinare, amma kadan kadan da shi. Tsawon jikinsa kusan 70-70 cm ne, fuka-fukan sun bambanta daga 175 zuwa 215 cm, nauyin namiji shine 2.5-4.5 kg. Mata sun fi maza girma. Mikiya wani tsuntsu ne mai girman kai wanda ke da babbar murya kuma tana cikin dangin shaho. Wannan nau'in yana da bakunansu masu ƙarfi, baki mai kama da sifofi, da ingantattun ƙwayoyi.
Mikiya suna da karfi da wuyar kafafu kuma suna da kafafu, ba su da halin farauta. Suna da kyakkyawan yanayin da ake kira fuka-fukin “wando” a kafafu. Tsuntsayen suna da fikafikai masu fadi, tsayin su ya fi kusan cm 50. Mikiya sun tashi sama sosai suna bin ganima ba tare da wata matsala ba saboda kyawun hangen nesa. Miji a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma kalma ɗaya. Harshen wari shine kusan ba a bunkasa ba. Suna yin jima'i cikin shekaru huɗu zuwa biyar.
Rayuwa & Maimaitawa
Filin jana'izar yana ciyar da abincin da ya bambanta. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne: squirrels, hamsters, marmots, hares, jerboas. Suna kuma kama tarkacen ruwa, kwalliya, kayan girki, geese na gida, ducks, gulls, manyan fulawa, ƙananan mashigai. Har ila yau, suna cin dabbobi masu rarrafe da yawa har ma da manyan kwari, kuma ba sa ƙin karɓar abinci.
An binne ƙasa neman ganima
Yawancin lokaci lokacin dabbar ta hanyar macen ta fara ne a watan Maris. A wannan lokacin, mazan suna shirya jiragen tashi, suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin mata. A cikin wannan suna ƙoƙarin cimma kammala, saboda muna magana ne game da dangantaka don rayuwa! Namiji da mace suna zama kusa da juna koda lokacin hunturu, haka kuma a kan jirgin sama. Bayan sun zaɓi wani wuri don shirya gidan, ma'auratan sun tafi zuwa aikin ginin. Za'a iya amfani da wannan rukunin gidan yanar gizon da yawa shekaru. Gida an gina shi akan tsohuwar itaciya, yawanci a tsayin 10 zuwa 25 m sama da ƙasa. Abubuwan da aka gina don manyan katako da rassa, kuma a cikin gida an yi layi tare da allura, gansakuka ko kayan doki. Dukkanin membobin ma'aurata suna ɗaukar nauyi a cikin shirya gidan na gaba, amma mace tana da rawar jagoranci. Tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki biyu zuwa uku, tana sanyawa daga kwaya daya zuwa uku, don haka ba a haifi kajin a lokaci guda.
Kabarin Eagle Nest
Daga lokacin da mace ta sanya kwan farko, mace za ta fara yin ciki, wanda yakai tsawon kwanaki 43. A sati na farko bayan bayyanar kajin, mace takan kwashe lokaci duk a cikin gida, dumama da kare raunanan jaket din. A wannan lokacin, namiji yakan farauta ya kawo ganima. Sau da yawa ƙaramin kajin yakan mutu, ya kasa yin gasa tare da manyan 'yan'uwansa, amma wannan yakan faru sau da yawa. Kajin na zama kamar fikafikan kwanaki 77-80 bayan sun bar shakar da harsashi.
Yawan jama'a
A wannan lokacin, a yanayi, mafi kyawun yanayin ɗakin da ya dace da wurin jana'izar kuma isasshen wadataccen abinci yana da wuya. Ciyawar dabbobi, gobara, cigaban tattalin arzikin yankuna, amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, poula, duk wannan yana da tasirin gaske ga yalwar wannan nau'in. Kari akan haka, ana farautar wadannan tsuntsayen da sanya dabbobi masu kaya daga garesu. Wannan kyakkyawan kasuwancin riba ne, musamman idan aka zo batun isar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen waje. Matasa da ƙwararrun kabari sau da yawa sukan mutu sakamakon rawar wutar lantarki akan sandunan wutar lantarki. Wasu daga cikin wadanda ke fama da masu fashin baki kan hanyoyin ƙaura.
Gabaɗaya, tsuntsaye suna dacewa da rayuwa mai kyau a cikin bauta. Tun daga 1990, a cikin Tsarin Halittar Gora na Galichia Gora akwai wurin da za a kula da wuraren kiwo. Ana kiyaye wannan ra'ayi a cikin ajiyar yawancin Rasha da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa.
Bayyanar
Babban tsuntsu mai cin nama tare da dogayen fikafikai da kuma dogon wutsiya madaidaiciya. Length 72-84 cm, fuka-fuki 180-215 cm, nauyi 2.4-4.5 kg. Mafi yawancin lokaci, ana binne ƙasa da mikiya kamar gaggafa, tunda duka tsuntsayen suna da kusanci da kamanceceniya da juna, kuma jikunansu suna cudanya. Gabanin binnewa yayi dan karami, yana da gajeru kuma gajeru wutsiya (mikiya tana da wutsiya mai siket, tare da kwalliya), kuma duhu mai duhu, kusan bakin damisa mafi yawan jikin mutane gaba daya sunfi duhu fiye da mikiya. Koyaya, idan ƙarshen yana da gashin fuka-fukin elongated a wuyansa mai rawaya mai shuɗi, to, an binne ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyi - bambaro. Bugu da kari, fararen tabe - “epaulettes” galibi ana iya haɓaka su a kafaɗa.
A cikin manyan tsuntsaye na mata da maza, ɗan fari-tsuntsayen baƙi ne a sama, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da ke ƙasa tare da yanayin tsinkaye launin toka a sashin ginin murfin ciki. Oraramin da ke saman akwai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, daga ƙasa mai launin shuɗi-zuwa launin ruwan kasa-baki, shima tare da bandeji mai ɗanɗano. Rufin fikafikan daga ƙasa, a kan bango na fikafikai, suna da duhu sosai, launin baki-baƙi. Wutsiyar tana da tsarin marmara, yana haɗa sautunan baki da launin toka. Kabarin suna samun kaya na karshe ne kawai da shekaru 6-7. Tsuntsaye masu shekaru masu haske suna da yawa - galibi haske ocher mai duhu mai duhu da kwari mai duhu-tsuntsu mai tashi. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, raunin ya yi duhu sosai kuma har sai sautunan ocher sun shuɗe gabaɗaya. Filin binne Mutanen Espanya, dangane da rarrabuwa tsakanin jinsuna ko ragi, ana rarrabe shi da ƙarin umwatsuwa kuma ba tare da shanyewar fuka-fuki a cikin tsuntsayen da na manya da manya ba, da kuma wani farin iyaka tare da gefen reshe a cikin manya.
Bakan gizo launin ruwan kasa ne ko launin shuɗi ko, a cikin yarinyar, launin toka-toka, lissafin yana da launin shuɗi-horny a gindi da baki a saman. Wax, bakin da kafafu hurare, farar fata baƙi-baƙi .. A cikin jirgin, gashin fuka-fukai a ƙarshen fikafikan suna da kamannin yatsa, jirgin tsuntsaye yana tashi, yana ƙaruwa.
Wata murya
Kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai ma'ana, musamman idan aka kwatanta da mikiya na zinari da kuma Kaffir, tana yin sahun jijiyoyi a farkon lokacin kiwo. Muryar tana da zurfi da dimauwa fiye da ta gaggafa. Babban sautin shine saurin sautin muryoyi "Krav-Krav-Krav ..." ko "kaav-kaav-kaav ...", yawanci ya ƙunshi kalmomi 8 da kuma ambaton karnukan kare. Ana jin wannan kukan sosai a nesa daga kilomita 0.5-1. Bayan samun magabataccen mahaukacin a yankunanta, makabartar da ke zaune a gida na iya yin sautin kukan mai daɗi "kokok k..k..k" ko kuma sautin kukan da yake jin muryar hankaka.
Matsakaicin yankin
Rarean tsuntsu, ƙaramin tsuntsu. Tana zaune a cikin hamada, steppe, daji-steppe kuma a gefen kudu na gundumar daji na Eurasia daga Austria, Slovakia da Serbia gabas zuwa kwarin Barguzin, tsakiyar yankin Vitim plateau da ƙananan kwari Onon. Yawan jama'a na Turai bai wuce sama da 950 ba, kuma sama da rabin su, daga 430 zuwa 680 nau'i-nau'i (bayanan 2001) a kudu maso yammacin Rasha. Fiye da nau'i goma an rubuta a Bulgaria, Hungary, Georgia, Macedonia, Slovakia, da Ukraine; a cikin wasu ƙasashe Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, kaɗan ne kawai. A cikin Asiya, a wajen Rasha tana da nishi a Asiya orarama, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Iran, mai yiwuwa Afghanistan, arewa maso yamma India da arewacin Mongolia.
A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, yana da kudu a kwarin kwarin Voronezh (Lipetsk yankin), Tsna (yankin Tambov), Pyana (yankin Nizhny Novgorod), ƙananan ƙaddamar da Sura (Chuvashia), yankin Kazan, ƙarshen kudancin Perm yankin da kudu na yankin Sverdlovsk. Zuwa gabas, iyakar arewa ta iyakar ta wuce ta Kazakhstan, ta sake komawa zuwa Rasha a kudu na Tsakiyar Siberiya, inda take zaune a cikin yankuna na dajin da ke a yankin Krasnoyarsk Territory gabas zuwa tsaunin Sayan arewa, kudu da yankuna Achinsk da Krasnoyarsk. Mafi yawan wuraren gabas, keɓaɓɓen wuraren da aka kera gidajen an rubuta su ne a yankin Baikal (gundumar Ust-Orda Buryat da kuma yankuna kusa da yankin Irkutsk da Buryatia) da Transbaikalia (Dauria).
Hijira
Ya danganta da mazauninsu, ƙaura ko wani nau'in ƙaura. Tsuntsayen manya daga Turai ta Tsakiya, Yankan Balkan, Asiaan Asiya da Caucasus suna jagoranci salon rayuwa, yayin da matasa ke ƙaura zuwa kudu. A mafi yawan jama'ar gabashin, wasu tsuntsaye suma suna nan a nisan gidan, amma sai suka maida hankali a bangaren kudu. Sauran sun kara komawa kudu - zuwa Turkiyya, zuwa Isra'ila, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India, Laos da Vietnam. A Afirka, mutane sun isa Kenya. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye sune farkon waɗanda suka bar wuraren rayuwa a watan Agusta kuma, a matsayinka na doka, hunturu a ƙananan latitude. Kan wasan yana tashi daga kudu zuwa tsakiyar Satumba zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba kuma ya dawo a farkon rabin Afrilu.
Habitat
A farko, tsuntsu mai shimfidar wurare na musamman, a yankuna da yawa a sakamakon bin diddigin kasashe, ya mamaye tsaunukan - wurare da suka fi kama da girma a gaggafa. Babban mazaunin wuraren zama shine, dawakai, gandun daji, amma ba a buɗe cikakke ba, kamar gaggafa, amma tare da bishiyoyi masu tsayi ko tsibiran gandun daji. A Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, yana da kwari a cikin gandun daji na tsaunukan kusa da sararin samaniya a tsaunin sama da 1000 a saman matakin teku, kazalika da matakan yanki da kuma amfanin gona da kasancewar dogayen bishiyoyi ko kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki. A cikin kwandunan Dnieper da Don suna zaune a gefunan gandun daji, tsohuwar gungume, suna ƙonewa. A cikin Ciscaucasia da yankin Volga, yana zaune a cikin shimfidar wurare da kuma hamada, har ma a cikin gandun daji, inda ya fi son wuraren da ba su da sauƙi - kwarin kogi, kwari mai zurfi, kwari. Popuarin mutanen gabas suna zaɓar gargajiya-gandun daji, farawa da filayen hamada tare da ciyayi, inda ake amfani da su a wasu lokuta aikin gona. A wuraren wuraren yan hunturu yakan zabi irin wannan halittun, duk da haka, yana da alaƙa da jikin ruwa.
Kiwo
Filin jana'izar sukan samo kayan karewa na ƙarshe dana ƙarshe ne kawai a shekara ta biyar ko ta shida na rayuwa, to a mafi yawancin lokuta sun fara haifuwa. Wadannan gaggafa ko da yaushe, har ma lokacin hunturu, suna riƙe da nau'i-nau'i wanda ya kasance tsawon rayuwa. Harshen dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta fara daga kudu a Turai a cikin Maris, a cikin yankin tsohon USSR a ƙarshen Maris - Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsayen suna nuna hali sosai, suna tashi haɓaka a kusa da ƙasa kuma suna yin kukan mai ƙarfi. Sau da yawa, maza, wani lokacin kuma mace, sukan yi undulating, abin da ake kira "garland" juya, lokacin da hayan kwatsam yana ba da hanya ga kusan tana da ruwa tare da fuka-fukai masu rabin tare da haka kuma suna ɗaukar madaidaiciya zuwa ƙarshen tsayi na baya. Ana iya maimaita juyawa na faɗuwa da hauhawa sau da yawa, ƙirƙirar ji daɗin mirgina a kan abin ɗamara, yayin da maza za su yi sautin kukan guttural. Lokaci-lokaci, mata sukan kasance tare da maza a cikin wannan "aikin", amma suna yin shi da shiru kuma basu da ƙarfi.
Anyi amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon yana ci gaba tsawon shekaru. Pairungiyoyi biyu na gaggafa suna yin shimfiɗa a kan bishiya a tsawan 10-25 m sama da ƙasa. Idan babu su, zai iya yin sheka tsakanin rassan bishiyar tsiro mai karamin girma, kamar caragana, ko kuma da wuya kan karamin dutse. Ya fi son Pine, larch, poplar, Birch, m sau da yawa nests kan itacen oak, alder ko Aspen. Ba kamar mikiya na zinari, wanda a kullun yake inda mafi yawa yake daga cikin tsakiyar kambi, ƙasa mai binnewa galibi tana zaɓar sashinta na sama, kusan saman. Sai kawai a cikin yankunan da iska mai ƙarfi (alal misali, a cikin ɓacin rai na Minusinsk a kudu na Siberiya) ko kuma wuraren da ake binne mutum ya zauna kwanan nan (kamar yadda a cikin Kudancin Urals), gida yana iya kasancewa a tsakiyar ɓangaren kambi - a cokali mai yatsa a cikin akwati ko a reshe na reshe a ƙarshen rassa. Maƙallin, adadin wanda ke kan rukunin zai iya kaiwa biyu ko uku, duka membobin biyu ne suka gina su, amma saboda yawancin ɓangaren mace. Ana amfani da firam a musaya a cikin shekaru daban-daban, a cewar wasu masana, wannan yana rage adadin parasites da ke zaune a cikin su - fleas na tsuntsu, kwari-kwari da kwari. Gida yana da girma babba (ko da yake karami ne na gaggafa na zinari) kuma ya ƙunshi babban adadin manyan rassan rassa da rassa. Tashar - karamin rashi a cikin tsakiyar gida - an yi liyi da ƙananan rassa, haushi, taki, zuwa ƙarancin ciyawa, ulu da tarkace iri iri na anthropogenic. Tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa a cikin gandun daji suna ƙara ƙananan rassan kore a cikin gida - mafi kyawun halayyar gaggafa na zinari. Girman dutsen da aka gina shine kan matsakaita 120-150 cm, tsayinsa 60-70 cm. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, gida yana ƙaruwa sosai gwargwadon girmansa, ya kai aƙalla 180-240 cm a diamita da 180 cm a tsayi. Sauran, ƙananan tsuntsaye sau da yawa suna zaune a ginin tsohuwar gida - alal misali, a gabas na kewayon kusan a cikin su, an lura da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya, da kuma mazaunan Daurian jackdaws ko farin wagtails. Saker falcons har yanzu suna iya zama a cikin gidan da har yanzu babu komai, yayin da waɗannan falcons suna nuna haushi sosai ga gaggafa masu girma, suna fitar da su daga nasu gida.
Kwanciya sau ɗaya a shekara, ya ƙunshi 1-3 (mafi yawan lokuta 2) ƙwai da aka sanya tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 2-3. Ya danganta da mazaunin, wannan yana faruwa tsakanin ƙarshen Maris da ƙarshen Afrilu ko ma farkon Mayu. Kwancen ƙwayayen na opaque, m-grained; da yawa launin toka, violet ko duhu mai duhu ana iya ganinsu a fagen fili. Girman ƙwai shine (63-83) x (53-63) mm. Idan kuwa aka yi asarar masarar farko, mace zata iya jinkirta shi, amma tuni akan sabon gida. Kiwan farawa yana farawa tare da kwai na farko kuma zai ɗauki tsawon kwanaki 43. Dukkan membobin ma'auratan suna haɗuwa, kodayake yawancin lokaci a cikin gida yakan kasance ta hanyar mace. Chickks wadanda aka rufe da farin farin kwalliya suna bayyana asynchronously a cikin tsari kamar yadda aka sanya ƙwai. Mace takan ciyar da sati na farko a cikin gida, tana dumama brood, yayin da namiji ya farauta ya kawo ganima. Wani lokacin saurayi ya mutu, ya kasa yin gasa tare da dattijo ko babba ko 'yar uwa, amma ba sau da yawa kamar gaggafa ko babba da aka iya gani. A game da shekaru biyu makonni biyu, na farko alamun plumage fara bayyana a kajin, bayan kwanaki 35-40 kawai shugaban da wuya kasance bayyananne, kuma bayan kwanaki 65-75 kajin tashi zuwa ga reshe. Bayan sun fita daga gida, kajin suna komawa zuwa wani dan lokaci, daga baya kuma suka watsar a karshe su tashi su fara yin hunturu.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tana birgeshi musamman akan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da masu matsakaita - goitors, mice filin, hamsters, volos na ruwa, hares da marmots, gami da girki da corvidae. Karas suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin - musamman a farkon bazara, lokacin da ƙwayoyin dabbobi suke har yanzu suna cikin farashi, kuma tsuntsayen ba su dawo daga lokacin hunturu ba. A wannan lokacin, gaggafa musamman tana tashi a wuraren da ake iya samun dabbobin da suka fadi lokacin hunturu. Gawar tumakin, unguwar, ko ma kare na iya samarwa da tsuntsayen abinci na kwanaki da yawa. A lokuta da dama, yana ci kwaɗi da kunkuru.
Ganima, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya isa daga saman duniya, kuma a yanayin saukan tsuntsaye, wasu lokuta akan kwashe su. Domin neman abinci, ya yi dogon kuka a sama ko kuma masu gadi, suna zaune a kan titi.
Matsayi da abubuwan iyakance
Littafin Red na Rasha yawan yana raguwa | |
Duba Bayani An binne ƙasa (tsuntsu) a shafin yanar gizon IPEE RAS |
A cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya, maƙabartar binne yana da matsayin wani nau'in nau'in cutarwa (rukuni) Vu) tare da yiwuwar cigaba da rage lambobi. Babban abin da ke haifar da lalacewa shine asarar wuraren da suka dace da farauta saboda ayyukan ɗan adam, wargajewar jama'a, mutuwa akan hasumiya masu watsa wutar lantarki, da lalata wuraren sauka. Bugu da kari, babban kayan abinci na gaggafa - narkakken ƙasa da shimfidar ƙasa - sun ɓace a yankuna da dama, waɗanda suma suka shafi raguwar adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen. Karfin yana da kariya ta Red Books of Russia (rukunin 2), Kazakhstan da Azerbaijan. An jera shi cikin CITES Shafi na 1, Shafi na Bonn Shafi na 2, Yarjejeniyar Berne Shafi 2, kazalika da yarjejeniyoyin biyu da aka cimma tsakanin Rasha da Indiya da DPRK akan kare tsuntsayen masu hijira.Tun daga 1990, an ƙirƙiri ɗakin kiwon dabbobi don kiwo wannan gaggafa a cikin reshen Galichya Gora.
Tsarin binne tsuntsaye: bayanin
Yaron wanda aka yi wa zane yana da launin launi mai haske - yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baƙi, tare da ƙazamin ciyawa "mane" torso tare da gashin fuka-fukan a saman cinya da a baya na kai. Rounded fararen aibobi a jikin gashin fuka-fukan (ba koyaushe ake furtawa ba), wutsiyar launin toka-mai launin shuɗi tare da tsarin madafa mai duhu da kuma yalwar tsinkaye a dandalin biri, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A paws na rawaya ne kuma maƙallan launin baƙi da shuɗi.
Matasan mikiya suna da gashin fuka-fukai masu launin duhu da kuma fikafikan wutsiya tare da rimin wuta, jiki mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗamara mai haske a baya da kusa da fikafikan. Mikiya yakan sami launi na karshe na shuɗewa tun yana ɗan shekara biyar. Bakan gizo a cikin manya sune rawaya ko ja, a cikin samari haske ne mai haske. Lokacin da tasowa, mikiya tana riƙe fikafikanta a sama. Wutsiyar gaggafa tana ƙaruwa ne yawanci.
Filin binne: mazauna
Tsuntsaye suna zaune a cikin yankin da kuma gandun daji-steppe, kuma ƙari, a cikin gandun daji gauraye na ɓangaren Turai na Rasha da kudancin Siberiya. Sun fi son zuwa hunturu a cikin yankuna masu yanayin, a kudu, a cikin tsaunuka da kuma mayukan Eurasia. Rarraba ba tare da daidaituwa ba, a wurare da yawa suna da wuya sosai. Yawan mutane yana rushewa. Gidaje a cikin Eagle a cikin steppe da kuma gandun daji-steppe na Eurasia. Gasar da aka fi so ana ɗaukarta busassun itacen kwari ne, har ma da gandun daji, a cikinsu akwai nau'in itace kamar Birch, poplar da itacen oak. A cikin tsaunika, gaggafa suna zaune a tsawan 1000 m sama da matakin teku.
Rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki
Yana ciyar da yafi akan rodents: hamsters, squirrels, groundhogs. Zai iya farautar ducks, gadoji da ƙananan hares. Idan na dogon lokaci gaggafa bai iya samo ganima ba, to, yana iya ciyar da abincin. Tsuntsayen ƙasa mai binnewa nan da nan ya ci abincin da aka kama. Gaggafa bata kama tsuntsaye masu tashi.
Maimaitawar yana buƙatar kimanin 400-600 g na abinci a rana. Bayan ya ci abinci, ya sha ruwa mai yawa kuma ya daɗe yana tsaftace mai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsibirin binne lokaci ba ya yin farauta, filayen jana'iza suna kallon mafi yawan rayuwa don abin da ke faruwa a kusa da su. Mikiya na da ikon adana abinci a goiter, don haka basa buƙatar farauta kowace rana.
Ya fi son zuwa gida a cikin wuraren budewa a cikin gandun daji na daji da gandun daji. Tsuntsayen ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura ne, wani ɗan ƙaura ne ko kuma keɓaɓɓu Zuwan gaggafa yana farawa daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, da tashi zuwa Satumba-Oktoba.
Kiwo, kiwo
Lokacin damanta gaggafa yana farawa a farkon bazara. A wannan lokacin, maza sun fara tashi a bayyane, suna ƙoƙarin nuna sha'awar mace. Tsuntsayen ɗan ƙasa yana magana sosai a daidai lokacin da ya ja hankalin mace. Mazan shahararrun "Kra-Krav" suna gayyatar mace a ranar. Don haka, suna nuna sha'awar ga wasu mata da maza.
Mikiya tsuntsaye ne masu yawan aure. Yayin yawo da lokacin hunturu, ma'aurata suna manne tare. Da zaran gaggafa suka sami wurin da ya dace don mazaunin, sai su fara ginin.
An kirkiro gidaje akan manyan tsoffin bishiyoyi, da wuya a kan bushes. Gida ya ƙunshi rassa na itace, ciki ana yin layi tare da bambaro, gansakuka, ciyawa da kuma bushe ciyayi hakika ana amfani dashi. Gida a diamita ya kai mita ɗaya. Shafin da gaggauwa suke amfani dashi wurin. Mace da namiji suna ta kokarin bayar da gida, amma rawar da take takawa na mace ce. Filin binne sune iyaye masu ban mamaki.
Tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki biyu, mace na sanya ƙwai, don haka ana haifar kajin na shiga cikin haske biyun. Lokacin shiryawa ya kai kwanaki arba'in da uku. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai ɗaya daga uku zuwa uku na launin fari-ƙaramin ƙaramin shuɗi. Mafi yawan lokaci, mace na sanya qwai, namiji a wannan lokacin yana samun abinci. Zai iya kewaya don sa'o'i da yawa don neman wanda aka azabtar. Da zaran gaggafa ta gano ganima, sai ya yi sauri ya yanka ta da katako mai ƙarfi.
Kajin na dusar fari-da fararen launuka suna da riguna masu kyau, bakan gizo mai launin shuɗi. A cikin lokuta mafi ƙarancin, ƙaramin saurayi ya mutu, ya kasa yin tsayayya da gasa tare da brothersan uwan. A sati na farko bayan haihuwar, mace tayi zafi da kare kajin ba kariya. Bayan kimanin sati na 9-11, kajin sun fara tashi daga gida, amma na dogon lokaci suna ci gaba da kasancewa tare da iyayensu.
Littafin jan
A halin yanzu, yana da matukar wuya a sami daidaitattun halaye masu dacewa don kiwon kaji a cikin ƙasa binne da kuma mahimman kayan abinci.
Haɓaka tattalin arziƙin yankuna, yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, gobara, datsewa, masu ba da fata - duk ba tare da ban da su ba suna da tasirin gaske ga yawan mutanen wannan nau'in. An sanya dabbobi masu yawa daga waɗannan tsuntsayen, kuma wannan kyakkyawan kasuwancin cin nasara ne. Ana iya ganin Eagle a cikin filin Baikal National Park. An jera shi cikin Red Book of Russia da IUCN. Kama tsuntsayen harbi da harbi.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Ugulu na binnewa ya samo wannan sunan mai sanyin rai ba saboda yanayin rayuwarsa ba ko kuma ilmin halitta, an kira shi ne daga masana kimiyyar halitta waɗanda suka yi nazarin yanayin Urals a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Sun sami tsuntsayen da suke zaune akan bishiyoyi kusa da kabarin dutse. A halin yanzu, wasu malamai suna yin tayin kara musu suna mai dacewa. Misali, na sarki. A yawancin ƙasashen Turai wannan sunan wannan tsuntsu mara kunya ne mai girman kai.
Ana ɗaukar gaggafar binnewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsuntsayen duniya. An yabi aikin soji da rashin tsoro a cikin fasahar jama'ar kasashe da dama.
Sanannen al’ada ne, wanda bisa ga abin da aka bai wa gawar mamacin ga gaggafa don ci. Tunda mutane sunyi imani cewa ran mamacin yana cikin hanta, kuma lokacin da tsuntsu ya ci shi, zai shiga juhurma yaci gaba da rayuwarsa. Gaggafa alama ce ta hikima, ƙarfin zuciya da tunani.
Mikiya a gida
Idan ka yanke shawarar siyar da mikiya, to, yana da mafi kyau ku sayi kajin, kamar yadda ake amfani da datti don 'yanci kuma ba zai iya daidaitawa da rayuwa ba a cikin bauta. Domin gidan ya zauna lafiya da karfi, dole ne a ciyar da shi yadda yakamata.
Matasan binnewa sun gwammace da naman alade, sai alade. Don horar da karen don tashi, kuna buƙatar magance shi don sa'a ɗaya a rana. Ba shi yiwuwa a saki gaggafa a cikin daji, tunda zai mutu.
Mikiya tsuntsu ne, mai girman kai, mai girma. An nuna shi a kan suturar makamai ta St Petersburg a matsayin wata alama da ke nuna ƙarfin birni.