A waje, za su iya bambanta da juna ta girma da siffar jiki, da launi. Kari akan haka, da yawa nau'in kayan adon da ba'a samo su a cikin daji ba, kamar su albino ko kuma nau'in ingantaccen yanayin da aka canza masu (kifi mai haske). Bambance-bambance tsakanin mace da namiji ba su da mahimmanci, saboda haka, yana da matukar wahalar bambance juna.
Halayyar
Sun kasance cikin garken dabbobi da nau'ikan wayar hannu, suna hulɗa tare da maƙwabta a cikin akwatin kifaye. Irin wannan halayen yana da nisa daga dukkan su za su so, don haka ya kamata ku guji raba rashi da ƙananan kifayen. A haɗarin su ne waɗanda ke da ƙeƙasasshen ƙarancin hannu - Barbuses sau da yawa yakan ciji ko lalata shi. Ana lura da daidaituwa mai kyau tare da sauran nau'ikan wayar hannu da mara saurin fushi.
Shekaru da yawa, an adana waɗannan kifaye a cikin tasoshin ruwa kuma sun sami nasarar saba da mazaunin ɗan adam. Ba sa neman abinci a kan abinci, suna karɓar yawancin shahararrun abinci tare da nishaɗi, za su iya rayuwa ta musamman kan abincin busasshen abinci (hatsi, granules). Har ila yau, zane ba shi da mahimmanci sosai, babban abu shine cewa yakamata a sami isasshen sarari don yin iyo a cikin ruwa ruwa. Barbura sun fi son laushi, ruwa ɗan acidic da haske mara nauyi.
Kiwo
Ana iya haifuwa akai-akai idan ana kiyaye Barbuse a cikin halaye masu dacewa kuma maza da yawa da suka manyanta maza da mata suna lokaci guda a cikin akwatin kifaye. A lokacin cin nasara, ƙwai ba da izuwa ganga ƙwanƙwasawa kuma daga wannan lokacin ne ake barin hagu zuwa kayan aikin nasu. Ilimin mahaifa ba ya bunƙasa, saboda haka kifayen manya a wasu lokuta dole su ci abin da suke soyawa.
Fasali na ajiye a cikin akwatin kifaye
- Zazzabi - 19-25C.
- Tashin hankali - 6.5-7.5 pH.
- Wuya - 4-10 dH.
Barbuses kifi ne da ke ƙaunar kwararar ruwa, saboda haka dole ne su shigar da matattara da mai sarrafawa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Ana yin sabunta ruwa a mako, maye gurbin. Girma.
Don kwantar da hankula da kwarin gwiwa na kifaye a cikin akwatin kifayen shuka ciyayin ciyayi. Ba shi da damuwa damu game da tushen furanni na karkashin ruwa - kifin ba su da sha'awar ƙasa, amma suna iya lalata ɗanɗano mai ƙanshi. Plantsatattun tsire-tsire marasa shinge:
- Anubias da cryptocoryne.
- Vallisneria da echinodorus.
- Arrowman da Elodea.
- Mosses
Lasan akwatin kifaye an yi layi tare da ƙasa - zaku iya ɗaukar pebbles, tsakuwa ko yashi mai yashi. An saita walƙiya zuwa matsakaici, tunda barbasu kifi ne wanda baya son haske mai haske. Don yin duhu duhu akwatin kifaye, ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu iyo.
Ciyar da abinci
Ko da nau'ikan iri, duk wakilan 'yan asalin suna bambanta su da kyawun ci, kuma suna farin cikin cin abin da mai shi ya bayar. Tsarin ya hada da:
- Dry babban abinci ga Karpov.
- Irin abincin da aka daskarewa da daskararre: ruwan jini, daphnia, tubule.
- Abincin kayan lambu - wanda aka bayar azaman karin abinci.
An ciyar da dabbobi a kananan rabo, tunda ana iya haifar da haɓakar haɓaka. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa abincin ya bambanta, kuma sau ɗaya a kowane mako 1-2 don shirya ranar azumi don dabbobin gida. Bayan an gama cin abincin, an cire ragowar abincin nan da nan don kar a tsokane da jujjuyawar da kuma sakin wasu abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin ruwa.
Yarbuwa
Yawancin membobin halittar suna da kifayen da ke tare da kifayen, wanda a wasu lokuta ma an ɗebe su. Duk da cewa barbasu basa iya yin gwagwarmaya, kamar fada da maza, wani lokacin dabbobin gida suna samun makwabta ba tare da wata matsala ba, suna bin su a cikin akwatin kifaye. Ba za ku iya cika tare da kifayen kifi tare da ƙarancin fins ba, in ba haka ba za a tumɓuke ƙarshen, tare da wakilai masu kunya da ƙananan wakilai. Makwabta masu kyau sune:
- Botsi da tetras.
- Labeo da Danio.
- Pecilia da cichlomas.
- Gurams da takuba - wasu lokuta matsaloli suna yiwuwa.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa kifayen ba a la'akari da nau'in tsinkaye, tare da bayyanar soya a cikin tafkin na wucin gadi, dabbobin gida za su yi murna da abun ciye-ciye tare da jarirai. Lokacin zabar maƙwabta, yakamata mutum yayi la'akari da haɗin gwal tsakanin ɗaya ko wata nau'in.
Bariki
Daga cikin kifin akwatin kifaye, wakilan halittar barbashi (Barbus ko Puntius) masu arziki ne a cikin nau'o'in halittu. Aƙalla nau'ikan shinge 15 suna gama gari aquariums. A dabi'a, suna zaune a wuraren ramuka na Kudu da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Afirka da Turai.
Yawancin nau'ikan sun bambanta da girma, launi, da sauran halaye masu yawa, wanda babu shakka yana ba da gudummawa ga shahararsu a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki. Wani ƙari kuma shine kwarjinin su, da sauri suna dacewa da yanayin tsarewa. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, a zahiri basu da lafiya (a cikin mawuyacin hali, magani baya gabatar da wasu matsaloli na musamman).
Takaitaccen barb (Puntius fasciatus) a cikin yanayin rayuwarta
A cikin hali, suna aiki sosai, kifi na makaranta. Duk wani kifin inda garken barbs ya bayyana yana nan da nan cike da rayuwa da ƙarfi.
A cikin aquariums, zaka iya samun sau da yawa sumatran barbus (Puntius tetrazona), a cikin kasashen jin Turanci da aka sani da brindle (Tiger barb).
Waɗannan makarantu ne masu kyau na garken, dukkan kyawawan abubuwan da za su iya nuna godiya yayin da aka sa su a cikin manyan makarantu a cikin manyan wuraren ruwa. A cikin ƙananan makarantu (lessasa da 7-8 mutane) suna da haɗari ga tsokanar zalunci kuma suna iya lalata ƙarancin kifin jinkirin.
Paint Fenti na jiki haske ne mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Hudu mai duhu mai ratsa jiki ta ratsa jiki, wanda ke nunawa cikin sunan Latin P. tetrazona (daga lat. tetra - hudu da zonas - tsiri). Finfin dorsal na baki ne tare da iyakokin ja, ragowar ƙyallen suna da ja. Maza suna da haske fiye da mace, kuma sun fi kaɗan girma.
A shekara ta 1967, an gabatar da wani nau'in albino na Sumatran barbus a baje kolin a Moscow.
A cikin 1977, bambancin launi mai ban sha'awa na Barbus ɗin Sumatran - mai ƙyalƙyali mai ƙamshi, ko m barbus.
A cikin waɗannan kifayen, a sakamakon maye gurbi, faɗaɗa ƙananan baƙar fata sun haɗu zuwa cikakken fushinsu.
A wuraren shakatawa na Borneo, Singapur na rayuwa iri ɗaya da launi iri ɗaya na barikin Sumatran - barbashiwawa (Barbus everetti), baƙar fata wacce ake gabatar da su ta hanyar abubuwan da aka ƙayyade daidai.
Jikin kifin yana da tsawo a tsawon sa, yana iya kaiwa tsawon cm 10. tainauke da wasu abubuwa a cikin garken mutane 6 da ke da kifaye masu kifaye. Kamar yawancin shinge, suna aiki da tsalle.
An samo shi a cikin tafkunan daji na kudu maso gabashin Asiya layin-layi biyar (Barbus pentazona), wanda, kamar yadda sunan ya ɗauka, yana da raunanan wurare masu duhu guda biyar.
Ya yi kama da kifi - kwallon shar (Balantiocheilus melanopterus), tare da ƙaramin doan dorsal da jiki mai siffar mara nauyi.
Launin Jiki yana da azurfa, ƙusoshin su fari ne masu launin shuɗi tare da gefuna baki. A cikin yanayi, suna zaune a cikin koguna masu kyau da kogunan kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Sumatra, Borneo kuma suna iya girma har zuwa 35 cm. A halin yanzu, an jera su a cikin littafin Red a matsayin wani nau'in haɗari. Akan siyarwa ta fito daga noman kifi a Thailand da Indonesia.
Duk da kamarsa ga mai farautar, ana rarrabe ta da yanayin salama da kuma rashin kunya. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin ruwa a cikin ruwa na buƙatar babban sarari kyauta don iyo. Suna iya tsalle daga cikin ruwa, don haka dole ne a rufe akwatin kifaye. A cikin babban akwatin kifaye, suna da alaƙa kusa da kifin, mafi ƙanƙanta a ciki.
Kayan gwal (Barbus titteya), kamar yadda sunan yake nunawa, ana bambanta shi da launi mai duhu mai duhu, yana samun mafi girman ƙarfi yayin lokacin ɓarna.
Abunda aka samo asali ne a cikin inuwar ruwa, raƙuman ruwa da koguna a Sri Lanka. Sun kai tsawon cm 5 A cikin tashoshin ruwa na Turai, sandunan ceri sun bayyana a tsakiyar shekarun 1930, a cikin Russia a cikin shekarun 1950s. Ta hanyar dabi'a, kifi ne mai son zaman lafiya, tare da sauran mazaunan kifin na kifaye.
Wanda aka nada da girmamawa ga gwamnan birnin Madras (Indiya) W. T. Denison - mai haske da launi - denison barbus (Puntius denisonii), ya fito ne a cikin jerin ruwayoyin a ƙarshen 1990s, wanda da farko saboda rikitarwa ne na rikitarwa na garken fursunoni, kuma a sakamakon haka, farashin mai ƙima sosai. A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, yana girma zuwa 15 cm, wanda aka samo a cikin koguna masu sauri da rafi a kudancin Indiya.
Jikin Denison barbus yana da launi mai launin zina-azir, launin baƙar fata ya shimfiɗa gefen layin, wanda akan sa jan ja, ya juya ya zama mai launin rawaya mai haske. A kan caudal fin, launin baƙi da rawaya. Lokacin da aka sa shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan kifaye sun fi son jikin ruwa mai ɗauke da oxygen, don haka a buƙaci aeration. Bugu da kari, an bada shawara don ƙirƙirar ƙaramin halin yanzu a cikin akwatin kifaye.
A kudu maso gabas Asiya, a bayyane koguna tare da m ƙasa, samu giciye (Barbusdaga baya).
Wannan kifin elongated ne tare da ɗan ƙaramin arched. A cikin yanayin sun girma har zuwa 17 cm (a cikin aquariums - har zuwa 15 cm), saboda haka suna buƙatar fili mai yawan ruwa daga lita 150 don tabbatarwa. A bayyanar, fasalin halayen shine raunin duhu: madaidaiciya da madaidaiciya guda biyu, suna haifar da abin da yake kama da gicciye. Lokacin da aka ajiye su cikin rafukan ruwa na raba, zasu iya kori ƙananan kifaye. Idan akwai haɗari, suna ƙoƙari su yi ta tono a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya lokacin da suke dasa tsire-tsire na akwatin kifaye.
Barbura mai siffa (Puntius schwanenfeldii) wani babban wakili ne na katako, wanda yake girma zuwa cm 35. Sun bambanta a jikin mai launin lu'u-lu'u tare da fin fin ƙarfi. Launi na halitta shine azurfa tare da tint na zinariya.
A halin yanzu, an haɓaka bambancin launi iri daya, misali: zinare, albinos. Bugu da kari, canza launi na halitta shima zai iya bambanta a cikin launi da sikeli da ƙusoshin.
A dabi'a, ana samun shinge mai kamanni a cikin koguna da koguna a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Indonesia, sun shiga wuraren da ke cike da yawon shakatawa.
Lokacin zabar wani akwatin kifaye don adana, yakamata mutum yayi la’akari da girman kifin, da kuma makarantar su - idan aka kiyaye shi shi kadai, mashaya sukan zama masu tsaurin ra'ayi ko kuma, suyi magana, masu kunya. Babban cichlids da kifin kifi suna dacewa a cikin maƙwabta na garken garken shinge.
A Indiya akwai karamin kifi (har zuwa 5 cm). rana barbus (Barbus gelius).
A cikin rafuka masu saurin rauni, a tsakanin maɓuɓɓugan itace mai zurfi, waɗannan kifayen suna taruwa cikin manyan garkuna. Duk da irin launin zinare mai haske, wannan nau'in kayan masarufi ba a farko ya shahara tsakanin masu ruwa da tsakin gida ba, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an danganta shi sosai a cikin masu shayarwa masu zaman kansu.
Wani wakilin Indiya na mashaya - barbel filamentosus (Barbus filamentosus) - kiftawa mai ƙaunar zaman lafiya, kifi mai makaranta, tare da halayen duhu mai duhu kusa da wutsiyar.
A cikin ƙananan yara, ana yin sa-in-sa da ƙungiya mai jujjuyawa, waɗanda ke shuɗewa da shekaru.
A tsibirin Sri Lanka a cikin koguna na sauri akwai shinge mai launi mai duhu - baƙar fata (Puntius nigrofasciatus).
Abubuwan da suke canza launuka suna sa waɗannan kifayen sanannu a tsakanin masu binciken ruwa. An gabatar da shi zuwa Rasha a cikin 1954. A cikin shading, kifin zai yi fure a duk fa'idarsa, kuma garken ja-baƙi mai motsi babu shakka zai yi ado da kowane akwatin kifaye.
Kasancewa a China da Vietnam, an gano wani ɗan ƙaramin shinge wanda Thomas Schubert ya bayyana. Launi na ɗabi'a yana da launin ruwan fure. A lokacin zaɓin, T. Schubert ya yi nasarar samun kyakkyawan launi na zinariya, wanda ya kawo shahara ga wannan kifin a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki. A cikin ruwaye na Rasha sun bayyana a rabin na biyu na shekarun 1950s.
Yana da nau'i na zinari Schubert barbus (Barbus semifasciolatus) yanzu an samo shi a cikin hanyoyin ruwa a duniya.
Manyan kogunan Azumi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya suna rayuwa da abin da ake kira barbus kogin, Shark na zinari, ko Haveney Leptobarbus (Leptobarbus hoevenii ).
Wannan babban kifi ne, a cikin yanayin halitta ya kai 100 cm (har zuwa 50 cm a cikin aquariums). Lokacin da aka sa shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ana rarrabe shi da jimiri, kuma idan akwai isasshen filin yin iyo, ba ya haifar da matsaloli na musamman a cikin kiyayewa.
Wasu nau'ikan mashaya: talakawa, gajere da Crimean barbelAna samun su a kan ƙasar Rasha.
Amma ba rarrabe kansu da abubuwan ban mamaki na musamman, ba su da sha'awar tabbatar da akwatin kifaye.
Kifin akwatin kifaye - mashaya a cikin tsari mai yawa ana gabatar dasu a cikin hadaddiyar gidanmu.
Bukatun ruwa
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don rayuwa mai lafiya na waɗannan kifaye daga digiri 20 zuwa 25.
A akwatin kifayen ya cika da ruwan famfo. Ruwan famfo mai kyau bai dace ba saboda yawan sinadarin chlorine da ke tafi bayan daidaita shi cikin 'yan kwanaki. Tsarin matsakaiciyar ruwa ana sabunta shi lokaci-lokaci kuma yana cike da iskar oxygen ta amfani da mai juyawa.
Kasar bukatun
An sanya ƙasa mai duhu duhu a ƙarshen akwatin kifaye tare da mashaya. Irin wannan yanayin zai sami nasarar haskaka launuka masu kyau na kifin, waɗanda suka banbanta ga kowane nau'in. Bai kamata ciyayi da yawa su kasance a cikin akwatin kifaye ba: don kamfani na masarufi da kayan masarufi, sararin samaniya yana da mahimmanci. Ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da ƙasa ƙura tare da daskararren sinadarai, zai fi kyau ɗaukar halitta (pebbles, basalt, tsakuwa) masu girma dabam daga 3 zuwa 7 mm. Barbashi na ƙasa bai kamata ya sami gefuna mai kaifi don kifin bai ji rauni ba. A kusurwar akwatin kifayen zaka iya shirya kusurwar algae - a wannan wuri, kifi wani lokaci suna so su ɓoye.
Abin da za a ciyar da mashaya
Barikin gona ba mai tsami bane game da abinci; ana iya kiran wadannan halittu masu iko tare da karfin gwiwa. Abubuwan menu nasu na iya haɗawa da Daphnia mai rai, Cyclops, masu yin bututu, da magudanar jini. Ana bayar da na ƙarshen ko da a cikin tsari mai sanyi. Don ciyar da kifin, an shirya gaurayawan tare da bushewar daphnia, kuma ana amfani da ciyarwar masana'antar. Barbuses suna son cin gajiyar ciyayi kuma idan abincin shuka bai ishe su ba, to sai su fara cin ganyen aquarium.
Matsalar narkewa
Barbuna sau da yawa suna fama da matsananciyar damuwa - suna iya cin abinci yadda kuka ba su. Sau da yawa kifin da bai san matakan abinci ba, ya zama kiba ya mutu. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa ga yanayin rayuwar tsohuwar kifi, ya isa cin irin wannan adadin abincin, wanda yake kashi biyu cikin ɗari na nauyin sa. Sau ɗaya a mako, ana shirya "ranar saukarwa" don mazaunan akwatin kifaye, wato, ba a ciyar da su gaba ɗaya.
Cututtukan Ectoparasitic
Barbusewa da sauri ya amsa abubuwan guba da ke tattare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta mara sauƙi. A wannan yanayin, cututtukan ectoparasitic suna faruwa. A cikin wannan cuta, ana amfani da foda bicillin-5, wanda aka narke a cikin ruwan akwatin kifaye a cikin rabo raka'a 500,000 a lita 10 na ruwa. Aikin magani shine kwanaki 6. Kuna iya amfani da biomycin. Don magani na 1.3 - 1.5 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi an narkar da shi a cikin 100 l na ruwa kowane 6 zuwa 7 na tsawon wata daya.
Cika rot
Gill rot an dauki mafi cutar cuta da barbs. Kamuwa da cuta yana shafar tasoshin gill da arteries, yana haifar da su su lalace kuma su lalace. Kifi mara lafiya ya ƙi abinci kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa a saman akwatin kifaye, kawai lokaci-lokaci yana gangara ƙasa. A farkon farkon cutar, ana amfani da rivanol da griseofulvin. Magunguna suna narkewa a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa na akwatin kifaye bisa ga umarnin.
Bayyanar kifi da iri
Matsakaicin matsakaicin shinge na balagaggu yana da girman 6-7 cm .. An yi wa jikin mutum kwalliya mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsin madaidaiciya duhu. Ana san namiji da bakin iyaka mai haske tare da gefan dorsal, caudal da fin fin.
Da kadan ba zai bayyana ba, shima ja (wani lokacin irin wannan launi na iya kasancewa gabaɗaya), ƙyallen mace tana da launi. Kari akan haka, barbarin mace tayi kauri sosai fiye da namiji.
Idan muka yi magana game da zaɓi, ya ba masu damar masu neman ruwa su nemi bambancin launi iri na wannan kifin. Misali, a cikin kayan maye wanda aka samo ta wannan hanyar, launi mafi yawan jiki shine emerald kore.
Lokacin da ziyartar kantin dabbobi da kasuwanni a biranen Rasha, galibi kuna iya samun nau'ikan nau'ikan barbus:
Janar halaye na kifi
Sunan Sumatran barbus (Puntius tetrazona, Barbus tetrazona) yana da alaƙa da wurin mazauninta na halitta - tsibirin Sumatra. Wadannan kifin kifi na makaranta suna da launi mai canzawa da kamanninsu: jikinsu yana da launin shuɗi mai launin zinare ko azur mai launi, tare da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya wanda dole ne ya tsinkayi tsakiyar faifai madaidaiciyar madaidaicin tsinkaye. Sumananan sumatranus, kamar yadda ake kira su wasu lokuta, kai girma lokacin da aka ajiye su a cikin akwatin kifaye na 6.5-7 cm, yayi kama da tan ƙaramin huji. Tare da kiyayewar da ta dace da ingantaccen abinci mai kyau, irin waɗannan dabbobin za su rayu na kusan shekaru huɗu, kodayake lokaci-lokaci akwai alamomi game da hauhawar farashin. Mafi karancin izinin akwatin kifaye don adana yawan kifaye shine lita 30.
Barikin Sumatran sun shahara sosai ga launuka na jiki, waɗanda suka sha bamban da juna. Daga cikinsu, akwai nau'ikan albino da mutant (kore). Musamman fifiko shine na biyu daga cikin ire-iren waɗannan: jikin kifin bashi da raunin baƙar fata, amma yana kusan kusan monotonous kuma yana da ɗan kwalliyar kore.
An bayyana rashin ƙarfi ta hanyar jima'i ba tare da ƙarfi ba, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala a faɗi yadda za'a bambance mace daga namiji kafin ta kai ga balaga. A kusan shekara, canje-canje na bayyanar suna bayyana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana zama mafi sauƙin rarrabewa. Maza sun yi ƙanƙan da girma kuma bushewa bisa ga tsarin mulki; Za'a iya bambance mace ta jiki da girma da ciki, zagaye da juna, lokaci-lokaci yana cike da caviar.
Labari
Barz na Sumatran ta sami bayanin ta na farko a shekarar 1855. Kwararren masanin kimiyar halittar P. Blecker ne ya yi hakan. Kuma a sa'an nan jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa suka faru. Tare da bambanci na shekaru 2 bayan kwanan watan da aka nuna, masanin kimiyyar iri ɗaya ya bayyana kifayen daban daban a ƙarƙashin sunan iri ɗaya. Sannan kuma ya canza sunan mutumin da aka bayyana a karon farko, wanda ya rikita duk mai sha'awar su.
Ba a kula da waɗannan kuskuren ba har zuwa 30s na karni na 20, lokacin da sunan da ya rayu zuwa kwanakinmu ya kasance mai shiga ga mazaunan ruwa na ruwa.
Na farko, mashaya kamar yadda kifin kifaye suka bayyana a cikin Turai (wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1935), kuma bayan shekaru goma sha biyu daga baya su ma an kawo su Rasha.
Barbushe na Sumatran ba shi da ma'ana a cikin kulawa kuma baya buƙatar kowane irin kulawa ta musamman. Waɗannan kifayen makaranta ne waɗanda suka fi son jagorantar rayuwar su ta yau da kullun, musamman a tsakiyar ruwa mai ruwa na akwatin kifaye. Mafi kyawun yanayin zafin ruwa a kansu shine digiri 23, da / minan mintuna ɗaya ko biyu.
Dole ne a ɗauka a hankali cewa barbs yana daidaita da sauri zuwa dasawa cikin wani akwati, galibi yana riƙe kyakkyawan ci, kuma yana dacewa da rayuwa mai kyau a cikin ruwan sanyi (daga digiri 16).
Tsarin wani akwatin kifaye don sumatranuse baya buƙatar siye da amfani da kowane kayan aiki na musamman, tare da yuwuwar fayilolin mai sarrafawa.
Duk da ƙananan girman su, mazaunan raƙuman ruwa na taguwa suna da mummunar ci, suna cin duk abincin da ake bayarwa: daga haɗuwa ta musamman da abinci mai bushe don rayuwa da daskarewa.
A kan wani dalili na wajibi, yakamata barbatun Sumatran su karɓi abinci na shuka, wanda ke ba da gudummawar saurin adadin kuzari, rage haɗarin kiba da kuma faruwawar wasu cututtuka.
Volumearamar ƙaramar akwatin kifayen da ake buƙata don adana karamin garken mutane 5-7 shine lita 30. Duk wani abu da aka gabatar ya dace da ƙasa: yashi, kyakkyawa da tsakuwa mai kauri, ƙwaƙwalwa na ado, da sauransu.
Lafiya
Duk da bambancin hasken wannan nau'in kifaye, suna iya yin rashin lafiya a kai a kai. Dalilin da ya fi faruwa shine rashin kulawa. Barbuses suna da haɗarin wuce gona da iri da saurin hauhawa, wanda shine tsokana ga yawancin cututtukan da suka danganci cuta na rayuwa.
Halin da ake ciki lokacin da sumatranus yana ƙaruwa da yiwuwar cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban, ya zama ƙetaren haɗin gwiwa. A wannan yanayin, murfin gill na iya barin, daidaikun mutanen da ke da ƙarancin ido (marasa ido), tare da nakasa aiki da sifar ƙyallen, ana iya haihuwar su. Abin da ya sa a cikin aiwatar da haihuwa an bada shawarar yin amfani da barbs daga layin kiwo daban-daban, kuma kada a yi amfani da masu samarwa da aka samo a cikin akwatin ɗinsu.
Lokacin da muke tattauna batun lafiyar ganuwar Sumatran, ya zama dole a ambaci cututtukan cututtuka, da kuma waɗanda ke haifar da fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Kula da irin wannan cututtukan a cikin waɗannan kifayen ba shi da wani takamaiman bayani kuma yana faruwa ne bisa tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi a irin waɗannan lokuta.
Gida
Halin rayuwa na mashaya shine tafkunan Afirka, kwararar koguna na Kudu, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Wadannan mazaunan ruwa na ruwa sun gwammace yin kiwo a cikin gadaje masu natsuwa, madatsun ruwa da ƙasa mai laka tare da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke haifar da mafaka.
Maganar farko game da kifayen kifi mai walƙiya na dangin cyprinids na halittar Wuta Barbus an samo shi ne a cikin bayanan masanin ilimin kimiyar ƙasa da masanin kimiyyar ɗan adam Francis Hamilton, wanda aka tsara ranar 1822. Babbar kungiyar Sumatran, wacce mahaifarta ita ce tsibiri na Kalimantan, Sumatra, masanin ilimin kimiyyar halittar dan kasar Holland Peter Bleker ne ya fara bayanin bayan shekaru 30.
Kiwon kifi da Turawa masanan ruwa daga Turai suka zama mai yiwuwa ne tun a shekarar 1935, barbel ta zo Rasha ne a tsakiyar karni na XX.
Idan, tare da abun cikin akwatin kifaye, dabbobin gida a kan matsakaita sun kai tsawon cm 4-10, to, a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi manyan nau'ikan barbs suna girma zuwa 30-35 cm. Jikin yana da sihiri mai elongated. Dimorphism an furta shi a sarari. Mace sun fi maza girma, ba da launi mai haske. Kamar kowane cyprinids, a cikin shinge, ana maye gurbin hakoran ja da pharyngeal, kuma an haɗa mafitsin iyo da hanjin. A cikin mafi yawan jinsunan, gashin-baki ya girma sama da lebe na sama, wanda aka ayyana shi da sunan na biyu - shahararre. Godiya ga na'urar Weberian, kifin ƙayyade matsin lamba.
Ana kiyaye shingen cikin dabbobin, suna cikin motsawa akai-akai, galibi suna tayar da kifi.
Sakamakon aikin kiwo, tare da “kwari” masu yawa, an kirkiro nau'ikan zaman lafiya.
Launin Sikeli shine monophonic, bakan gizo tare da sifofi masu bambanci, ratsi. Tare da ƙirƙirar yanayin al'ada na kulawa da kulawa da ta dace, ƙananan nau'in kifaye suna rayuwa shekaru 3-4, wakilan manyan nau'ikan sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 6-10.
Fasali da mazaunin barbus
A cikin daji kifin kifi Kuna iya haɗuwa cikin wuraren rafin Kudu da Gabashin Asiya, Afirka da China. Suna tattara a cikin manyan makarantu, wanda ke ba su damar farautar sauran kifaye a hanya mafi kyau.
Barbatun su ne cikakken unpretentious zuwa taurin, acidity da sauran sigogi na ruwa, don haka suna jin dadi sosai duka a cikin koguna da sauran jikin ruwa, da kuma aquariums gida.
Daidai ne saboda gwargwadon karɓar karɓar karɓar su wanda a yau barb ya mamaye manyan matsayi a cikin shahararrun kifayen kifaye a duniya.
Daga hoton barbus ana iya ƙaddara cewa wannan kifin ba ya bambanta cikin girma, kuma girman sa ya bambanta daga santimita shida zuwa bakwai. Jikin yayi laushi sosai, launi na iya bambanta dangane da iri-iri, daga launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi zuwa ko kore.
Wani fasali mai kyau na launi na mashaya itace madaidaiciya madaidaiciya madaidaiciya. Maza suna da bakin iyaka mai haske a gefen gefan fitsarin, caudal da ƙashin ƙugu. Gangar jikin mace yawanci tana da kauri fiye da namiji, kuma kwancen ta a koda yaushe suna da launi mai ja.
Kulawa da Kulawa
Don ƙananan barbs, an samo akwatin katangar na 50-70 l, idan har garken ya haɗa ba da mutane 7 ba. Idan akwai ƙarin dabbobi, ko kuma akwatin kifayen da aka yi wa ado da kyau: dusar ƙanƙara, duwatsu, manyan tsire-tsire, to don tsabtatawa mai kyau za ku buƙaci damar aƙalla 100. Babban sifa na rafin shine murfi da ke hana kifayen kifaye tsalle daga.
Yawan ruwa (a cikin lita 1 a samin) | Zazzabi (° C) | Ac Acid (pH) | Hardness (dGH) |
10 | 20- 24 ° C | 6.5-7.5 pH | 4–15 |
Tunda kifi na numfasawa na musamman narkar da oxygen a cikin ruwa, ana buƙatar mai sarrafa kansa tare da iyawa yayi daidai da girman jikin ruwa. Ana kulawa da bangaranci na akwatin kifaye ta hanyar matatar da ke tsarkake ruwa daga barbashin da aka dakatar. Baya ga ayyuka na yau da kullun, kayan aiki suna ƙirƙirar ƙaramin halin yanzu, yana kawo abun cikin gida na shinge kusa da na halitta.
An zuba kyawawan lebba ko yashi kogin a ƙasan tafki, kulawa wacce ta ƙunshi tsabtataccen ɗakunan shara ta siphon ta lokaci-lokaci. Zai fi sauƙi la'akari da launi mai kyau na dabbobi a kan bango na sautunan duhu.
An dasa ciyayi tare da ganyayyaki masu kauri da kuma tushen mai ƙarfi tare da bangon baya da bangon gefe, barin yanki kyauta don tarkace shingen da ke gaban gilashin gani. Tun da dabbobi, lokacin da aka kunna fitilar ba zato ba tsammani, suna tsoron haske mai haske, duckweed da sauran nau'ikan algae masu ruwa suna birgima a saman.
Kulawa da kandami na cikin gida ya ƙunshi canji na mako-mako na 20% na yawan ruwan da aka raba. A cikin lalata gurbi tare da scraper suna share bangon gilashin, wanke tsirrai da abubuwan ado, da tsaftace ƙasa.
Iri barb
Kayan gwal An bambanta ta ta daidaituwa daidai da halayen daidaitawa. Da wuya ya kasance tare da maƙwabta, yana ɗaukar abinci daga gare su. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da kwanciyar hankali.
An ba da irin wannan sunan mara kyau ga kifin don launi mai haske na maza, wanda ya kasance a yayin yawo. Cherryaƙƙarfan launin launin ruwan ƙasa masu launin ƙarami ne fiye da takwarorin kore, kuma jikinsu yana da siffar m.
Hoto kwalliyar gwal ce mai kyau
Da sauransu nau'ikan mashaya fito waje kore. Matan wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa ga girma girma (har zuwa santimita tara). Kazalika da kayan kwalliya na ceri, shinge kore yana da yanayin rayuwa mai tsayayye kuma ba mai tsaurin ra'ayi ba. Dole ne a kiyaye su a cikin gungun mutane kusan biyar zuwa takwas.
A cikin hoto, wani kifin katako mai launin kore
Bakar fata A yau ya shahara sosai tsakanin masoya kifin ruwan kifin na Rasha saboda dalilin da ya bayyana a kasar a karo na farko a tsakiyar karni na ashirin. Caviar jefa cikin wakilan wannan nau'in na faruwa a safiya.
A cikin hoto hoto ne na baki
Shark Yana da jikin elongated na launin karfe-baƙin ƙarfe. Duk da irin karar da yakeyi, kifin yana jure yanayi daban-daban na damuwa. Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar cewa a cikin makonni na farko na rayuwar irin wannan kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye, ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi dacewa a gare su ba tare da tushen damuwa ba.
A cikin hoto hoto na shark ne
Scarlet Barbus na farko ya bayyana ne a Indiya, kuma ya kasance sunan sa ne saboda bambancin launinsa, wanda ya bayyana kai tsaye a lokacin tsananin baƙi. An bambanta su ta hanyar mummunan halin rayuwa, kuma lokacin aikin da suka fi so shine yana lalata ƙarancin sa ga makwabta.
A hoto hoton bidiyon ja ne
Barikin wuta wanda kuma ake kira puntius. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin tafkunan ɗumbin ruwa tare da tsayayyen ruwa ko kuma gwargwadon gudummawar mara amfani.
Maza suna da launi na zaitun tare da gewaye da gwal. Sabanin sandar da aka yi da dusar kankara, danginsu masu zafin wuta sun fi zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali ba sa kaiwa maƙwabta hari. Koyaya, abincinsu yana da kyau kwarai, kuma suna buƙatar abinci cikin adadin mai yawa.
A hoto hoton kifi ne na wuta
Mossy Barbus a zahiri mutant mai sigar jiki-kamar jiki ce. Maza sun bambanta da mace a gaban ƙananan zano, kuma mace, bi da bi, suna da ƙarin girmarori da launuka masu haske.
Shayar da irin wannan kifin ana bada shawara ga masu farawa aquarists, tun da sun fi unpreentiously cikin kulawa. Halinsu yana da abokantaka sosai, amma suna buƙatar ɗimbin yawa na sarari a cikin ƙananan ɗakunan ruwa na akwatin kifaye, inda suka fi so su ciyar da lokaci.
A cikin hoto akwai kayan masarufin kayan masarufi.
Fatar fata
Kwayar cuta ta bayyana a cikin rashin canza launi. Barbuses suna iyo a ƙasa, tare da cinikin ƙwallon ɗanɗano wanda ke waje. Dabbobin gida sun ƙi abinci, rasa aiki. Don maganin kwalliya, an samar da maganin oxacillin 400 MG a 10 l, an dasa kifin mara lafiya don kwanaki 5. Bayan jiyya, an mayar da shinge zuwa cikin babban akwatin ruwan da ya gurbata.
Aeromonosis
A wata hanyar kuma, ana kiran cutar ta rubella saboda samuwar jan tabo a jiki. Ci gaban ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta Aeromonas punktata da aka gabatar ta hanyar kwayoyi yana ci gaba da lalacewar aibobi zuwa cikin rauni, jujjuyar fin naƙasasshe, da kuma ƙari. Dabbobin gida suna zama a farfajiya ko kwance a ƙasa.
Mutane masu kamuwa da cuta suna da wanka na awa 12 tare da synthomycin (800 MG a kowace lita 1) ko chloramphenicol (300 MG a lita 1). 50,000 raka'a na bicillin-5 cikin lita 10 na ruwa ana ƙara su zuwa babban akwatin kifaye na mako guda tare da canjin ruwa kashi 10 na yau da kullun.
Fin gama
Rashin yarda da tsarin zafin jiki, ruwa mara kyau, sauran alamun rashin kulawa da bata dace ba, kiyayewa yana haifar da harin barbuna da ƙwayoyin cuta Pseudomonas. Bayyanar cututtuka - bayyanar ƙusoshin zuwa shuɗi, zubar jini, idanu mai hadari, rot, farawa daga gefuna.
Don magani, ana amfani da maganin tripaflavin, mai amfani da ruwa, Sera bactopur bisa ga umarnin.
Bayani
Idan hanci ya zama ja a barb, yana nufin kwayoyin Flexibacter columnaris, wanda suke zaune a cikin datti, ya shiga bakin. Alamu masu rikitarwa - gefuna mai kodadde na Sikeli, rash na launin toka cikin hanzari na girma. A mataki na karshe, gabban ya lalace, gabobin ciki suna lalacewa.
A matakin farko, an kara ingantaccen maganin manganese a cikin akwatin kifin; daga baya, ana amfani da phenoxyethanol, Ektol-Bak, da kuma maganin rigakafi.
Bloating
Irin wannan alama mai raɗaɗi kamar shafewar ciki na barbatu ana faruwa ne ta fuskoki daban-daban:
- kumburin ciki saboda abinci mara kyau,
- overfefe
- matattara
- kwayar cuta ta Vibrio.
- bloating Malawi ko Afirka,
Idan ciki ya karu saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, an zaɓi abinci mai daidaita, kuma ana ciyar da ranakun azumi. Jiyya tare da fenbendazole yana kawar da mamayar helminthic.
Vibriosis, wanda jini a jikinsa ya zama ulcers, ana bi dashi da maganin rigakafi. Furazolidone, Chloramphenicol ko Bactrim suna cikin abinci har tsawon kwanaki 6.
Tare da zubar da jini na Afirka, an cire shinge a cikin ƙwayar cuta, tun da ba a iya magance cutar ba.
Rigakafin cutar ta hada da adana kifin a cikin wadataccen ruwa, abinci mai inganci, kulawa da dacewa ga akwatin kifaye.
Sumatran
Girman nau'ikan daji shine 7 cm, lokacin da aka tsare shi a cikin akwatin kifaye - ba fi 5 cm ba 4 raƙuman baƙin ƙarfe sun haɗu da jikin zinare, na farkon wanda ya ratsa cikin ido, na ƙarshe wanda yake a gindin wutsiya. Fasun suna da jan launi ban da ɗakunan fata mai launin fata tare da iyakokin mulufi.
Yanayin damuwa mara kyau na ganyen Sumatran ya sa ya zama da wahala a ci gaba da sauran nau'in kifayen ornamental. Kulawa daidaitaccen tsari ne, ba mai wahala bane.
Fiyya
Kifin ɗan kifi zuwa Indiya a ƙarƙashin yanayin halitta ya kai tsawon 8 cm, mutane da ke zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye - 5. Wani launi mai wuta da baƙar fata a gindin wutsiyar suna halayyar namiji ne, mace rawaya ce ko zaitun launi. Barikin Fiery barbus ba ya nan. Gangar rana shine mayafin wuta iri-iri.
Kulawa, kulawa da haifuwa ba mai wahala bane ga mai farawa.
Schubert
Sikeli na barbus ɗin ɗan adam yana lulluɓe da dukkan launuka na bakan gizo, wutsiya da ƙone da ƙarancin launuka masu launin shuɗi daidai da launin baki. Jikin-lu'u-lu'u na mace a ƙarƙashin damuwa yana canza launi zuwa launin toka mai rikitarwa. Tsawon jiki shine 4-5 cm.
Kwakwalwar Schubert tana da kyau fiye da sauran nau'ikan tare da maƙwabta a cikin akwatin kifaye na yau da kullun.
Odessa
An ba da sunan don girmamawa ga garin wanda ta fito daga Vietnam zuwa Rasha.Jirgin ruwan wutar ya haifar da firgici a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki a sanadiyyar yadudduka saboda bakin jigilar launi da yake gudana tare da ƙugin azurfar.
Wakilin Odessa mai aiki ne da kwanciyar hankali, amma ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da nau'in shamaki.
Kari
Bam mai banbanci mai banbanci yana shimfidawa zuwa tsinkaye zuwa ja, burgundy ko launin ruwan hoda wanda yake auna 5 cm.
Barbus Cherry yana son haske mai warwatse, jinkirin kwarara, diatoms, wanda dole ne a la'akari lokacin da ake kiyayewa, kula da dabbobi. Ya yi kyau sosai tare da mafi yawan mazaunan ruwa.
Ruwan hoda
Speciesan ƙaramin ɗan Afirka har zuwa 3.5 cm a girman The launi na Sikeli shine ruwan hoda da rawaya. Insaƙƙarfan ya bayyana, a gefuna na jiki - 3 duhu.
Abubuwan ruwan hoda masu launin ruwan hoda marasa misalai ne, sun dace da masu son novice na rayuwar akwatin kifaye saboda saukin kulawa da kulawa. Tsallake zuwa ruwan zafin jiki na + 17 ° C.
Shark (Baloo)
Babban kifi tare da sikeli na azurfa da manyan idanu girma har zuwa cm 30 .. An ba da sunan ne saboda kamannin sifar da yatsun ƙyallen da ƙyallen fuska da sharks.
Duk da girman salo da salon rayuwa mai kyau, shingen Balu suna da kunya kuma suna buƙatar mafaka. Kifi ji daɗi idan daskararren ƙusoshin maƙogwaro masu girma suna girma a cikin akwatin kifaye mai fili. Tare da kulawa da kulawa ta hanyar Shark, shingen yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10.
Ma'aurata
Plarshen kifayen baƙar fata tare da iyaka. Amma mafi ban sha'awa shine launi na jiki, wanda ya hada da shuɗi, launuka na lilac violet waɗanda ke canzawa yayin sauya hasken rana wanda ya faɗi akan sikeli. Tsarin jikin mutum yana kama da barbus ɗin Sumatran. A wannan tsari na kiwo, an rage rigakafi. Yawancin lokaci ana rikita shi da shinge kore, kodayake a waje waɗannan nau'ikan sun bambanta sosai.
Scarlet (Tikto)
Mazauna cikin ruwa daga Hindustan sun fi son koguna da koguna, a ƙasan da suke samun abinci. Maza suna fentin launin shuɗi mai tsananin haske, Sikeli na mace ya zama paler - ja ko ja. Kusa da gills kuma a gindin wutsiya, baƙar fata volumetric ana ganuwa.
Bayyanar maki
Bayyanar wannan nau'in shingen suna nuna damuwa tare da launuka masu yawa. Sunan kifin yana faruwa ne sakamakon bugun baki a wutsiya, wanda akan jikin sa ya juye yayi kama da alamar mamaki. Matsayi mai ma'ana ana wasa da ido na ido. Launuka, tsarin shanyewar jiki na iya canzawa, amma sandar baƙar fata ba ta canzawa.