Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin gidajen gona suna da manyan wuraren kwarin kogin Amazon da Orinoco na Kudancin Amurka. A tsawon lokaci, an gabatar da kifayen kuma suka sami mafaka a cikin tafkunan Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Wadannan kifayen suna ƙaunar tafkunan ruwa marasa saurin sauka, koguna masu cike da ciyayi mai ɗumbin yawa da kuma tsaftataccen ruwa.

An fara amfani da kayan tarihin rubutun farko kuma ya sami daraja a cikin 1948 saboda godiya ga mai shigo da kifin kifin Manuel Ramirez da wata kasida da aka buga kan bayanin kwatankwacinsa a cikin jaridar Amurka.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, apistogram mai ban sha'awa da marasa ma'ana na ramirezi sun sami karbuwa sosai. Zuwa yau, dimbin nau'ikan kifayen an yi barnar su ta hanyar mutumcin: apinogram albino, zinari, balanba, alkama kuma musamman kyawawa da ban mamaki apistogram lantarki shuɗi da mayafi. Dangane da yanayin tsarewa, duk waɗannan kuɗin ba su da bambanci sosai da juna, don haka a nan bayanin zai tafi game da batun fisto na ramirezi.

Bayanin

Girman waɗannan cichlids ƙanƙane ne, sun girma zuwa 7 cm, kodayake girman ƙarshe na kifi na manya, kamar sauran jama'a, ya dogara da girman akwatin kifaye, a cikin karamin sarari ba zai girma sama da 3-5 cm ba.

Jikin kifin yana da kyau, ƙashin hancin yana da girma, ƙashin ƙarancin ƙashi da na huhu ya fi girma fiye da na mace. Fin fir ɗin ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma yana da sifa mai zagaye.

Launi ne mafi yawanci tan, gaban jiki shine orange. A lokacin jujjuyawar, wannan bangare na maza yakan zama ja mai haske. Koma bayan jiki, ƙeƙasassun launuka masu launin shuɗi, fuka-fukai. A ɓangarorin kai yana gudanar da wani yanki na fari na tsaye wanda yake ratsa idanun kifin. Hasken rana na biyu da na uku na dorsal fin sun fi sauran kuma sun zama launuka masu launin baki, suna juyawa zuwa gefe a saman jikin.

Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji

• Finarfin ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwarjin mace ya fi ta mace girma,
• A lokacin tsallakewa, gaban mazan ya zama mai haske ja,
• Abun ciki mace yana fentin rasberi ko orange,
• Mata sun kasance ƙanana da masu paler fiye da maza.

Dangane da yanayin tsarewar, ramirezi apistogram ba abu ne mai wuya sosai ba, sabanin sauran cichlids, baya lalata ganyayyaki kuma baya tono ƙasa. Tare da ƙananan girman sa, ba ya buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye, isasshen ƙarar na lita 20-30 a kowace ma'aunin kifi.

Matsayin ruwa ya kamata ya zama haka: zazzabi daga 24 ° zuwa 30-32 ° C, matsakaicin acidity 6.0 - 8.0 pH, taurin ba ya wuce 15 ° dH. Kifi ya yi haƙuri da yanayin zafi sosai, don haka sai a daidaita da kifi mai ƙauna da zafi kamar Tattaunawa. Koyaya, yakamata a sani cewa sama da zazzabi, da sauri matakai mai mahimmanci a jikin kifin zasu faru kuma an rage tsawon rayuwa. A 30-32 ° C, kifin ba zai rayu sama da shekaru 2 ba. Hakanan, ramirezki baya yarda da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin sigogin ruwa.

Apistogram son bayyananniyar ruwaSaboda haka kyakkyawan filtration da aeration a cikin akwatin kifaye wajibi ne. M da kuma sauyawa mako-mako na ruwa mai tsafta cikin adadin 25%. Kar a manta siphon na yau da kullun na ƙasa, saboda kifin yafi zama a tsakiyar da ƙananan layin ruwa.

Haske bai kamata ya zama mai haske ba, a cikin matsanancin yanayi ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar wuraren inuwa tare da taimakon tsire-tsire masu iyo, alal misali, richchia.

Ilasa ce mafi kyawun yashi ko tsakuwa. Tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar shi ne aƙalla 4-5 cm. Ya kamata a aiwatar da siphon na ƙasa a kai a kai, ba tare da ɓata mai yawa ba.

Tabbatar kana da adadi mai yawa na tsari a cikin hanyar grottoes, kogon ko kuma ciyawar tsumbuka mai yawa. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, waɗannan kifayen, ba kamar sauran tsarukan, ba su lalata ganyayyaki.

Abun dacewa da Apistogram tare da wasu kifayen.

Maƙanganun kifayen kifi ne masu kwanciyar hankali kuma suna da ikon daidaita kusan dukkanin ƙananan smallan tsiraru da masu zama lafiya. A lokacin maza masu tserewa ne kawai zasu iya nuna wasu yankuna, amma hare-haren su ba masu tayar da hankali bane, a maimakon tsoro da hana sauran kifayen.

A cikin maƙwabta, kowane nau'in dabbobi masu rai suna cikakke a gare su - guppies, takobin, pecilia, mollies, haracinovy ​​- Neon, rhodostomus, rassbori, tetra, sauran nau'ikan kifi, alal misali, gourami lu'u-lu'u. Bai kamata a ɗaura shi da shinge ba, wanda tabbas zai kewaye ƙasan kursiyin, musamman tare da mayafi da siffofi masu girma.

Shrimp abun ciki ne wanda ba a ke so, kamar yadda ko da lumiezki lumana na iya ɗanɗano ƙananan shrimps.

Bukatar Kulawa da Abun cikin Apistogram

Ba kamar sauran kekuna ba akwatin kifaye na akwatin kifaye yana da kyau. Kifi na rukuni ba ya lalata algae kuma baya haƙa ƙasa. Banda shi ne kayan cin abinci na cockatoo. Tana cikin rami; haka ma, kifayen suna buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi.

A cikin hoto, apistogram na blue blue neon

Aquariums tare da apistogram za'a iya yin ado da shi tare da snags, tsire-tsire, da yumbu. Pisces yana da dadi a cikin yanayi mai kama. Ba zato ba tsammani, yana da kyau a saka wani abin tacewa a ciki. Haske kamar ruwa mai tsabta.

Yin kwaikwayon kwarara yana gudana ne ta hanyar ƙara kimanin 20% na ruwa mai tsabta. Zazzabi ya kamata ya zama kusan digiri 25. Mahimmanci da ma'aunin acid-base. Idan ya wuce raka'a 7.5, kifin ba zai zama mai daɗi ba, mutuwar dabbobi mai yiwuwa ne.

Apistogram din shima yana iya kamuwa da yawan ruwa. Wasu ma'aunin kifi suna buƙatar ƙaramar 25 lita. Akwai nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ke buƙatar duk 60. Za muyi magana game da ban da ka'idodi a cikin babi na daban. A hanyar, za mu tattauna sigogi na aquariums.

Minimumaramar ƙaramar gangar ɗin don kamun kifi shine santimita 30. Don wasu apistogram, kuma, kuna buƙatar aquariums daga santimita 50 a tsawo. Amma hasken daidai iri ɗaya ne ga duka wakilan ƙungiyar.

Ruwan koguna na wurare masu zafi ana rufe shi da rawanin bishiyoyi, ciyayi na ciki, snags. Sabili da haka, a gida, apistogram ɗin ya gamsar da haske.

Ciyar da abinci

Wadannan kifayen suna da bambancin yanayi, banda suna da ci, wanda ya sa suke yawan cin abinci ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Ciyarwar furotin yakamata yaci a cikin abincin, zai fi dacewa rayuwa ko daskarewa - zubar jini, tubule, artemia, corvette. Don sauyin abincin ku iya ba da yankakken letas ko alayyafo. Kuna iya ciyar da abinci na wucin gadi, amma zaɓi tare da fifikon sashin furotin, zaɓi abinci na musamman don cichlids.

Ciyarwar yakamata ya kasance cikin ƙananan rabo 1-2 sau a rana, lokaci-lokaci, sau ɗaya a mako, shirya ranakun azumi ba tare da abinci ba. Ka tuna cewa kifayen suna kama da haɓaka, wannan yakamata ayi la'akari dashi, tunda da farko tunda ka cinye abincin gaba ɗaya, sai ɓarnar toka daɗe sannan ka tattara raguna.

Apistogram Ikon

Duk da bayyanar malam buɗe ido, tabar heroin na labarin yana cin abinci ba tare da nuna damuwa ba. Abokan cin abincin Apistogram. A cikin yanayi, wakilan ƙungiyar suna cin ƙananan kwari, tsutsotsi.

Dangane da haka, ya kamata a ba da abincin da za a ci abincin. A cikin shagunan zaka iya samun cyclops, daphnia, rotifers ko bloodworms. Suna daskarewa ko sarrafa su zuwa tarkuna. Wannan wani nau'in busasshen abinci ne na kifi.

M hotunan hoto za a iya yi ta hanyar ciyar da kifi tare da magudanar jini. Yana haɓaka hawan keke. Af, suna da saukin kamuwa da kayayyaki da yawa na gida. Don haka, kamar sau biyu a mako, kifi suna da amfani yankakken letas ko oatmeal.

Cututtuka na Apistogram Ramirezi

Kamar cichlids da yawa, waɗannan kifayen suna da ƙoshin lafiya a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan apistografi na mutuntaka ba sa samun irin wannan ingantaccen kiwon lafiya kamar na halitta. Kifi sosai talauci jure wa m canji a cikin sigogi na ruwa. Bugu da kari, suna son tsaftataccen ruwa.

Maƙanganun maƙaƙanni suna da dangantaka da wuce gona da iri. Dole ne a kula da tsarin abinci da adadin abincin da kifin ya ci.

Kamar kowane nau'in cichlids, apistogram suna da alaƙa ga hexamitose - wata cuta da ke haifar da ƙwayar cututtukan Hexamita salmonis. Kifi a lokaci guda yana duhu cikin launi, ya ƙi abinci. Kuma idan ya yi ƙoƙarin cin wani abu, nan da nan ya zubo shi. Bloating yana bayyana, ko kuma akasin haka, yaga yanayin kwanciyar hankali na ciki. Jin daɗi ya zama mai kama da ta farin ciki. Bayan haka, mayya-dimples sun bayyana akan jiki kuma musamman kan kai. Yawancin kifi mara lafiya ana sanya shi a cikin akwati na daban don lokacin magani. Don magani, haɓakar hankali a hankali zuwa ruwa zuwa 34-35 ° C, ana amfani da wanka tare da metronidazole ko furazolidone. Tare da farawar dacewa, kifin ya fi sauki don warkewa.

Wani lokacin kifi na iya launi mai duhu, ta daina cin abinci. Wannan ba lallai ba ne ya zama cuta ta gaggawa. Wataƙila kifin ya shiga matsananciyar damuwa sakamakon dasawa zuwa wani akwatin kifaye ko saboda canjin yanayi mai kyau a sigogin ruwa, musamman yawan zafin jiki.

Nau'o'in Apistograms

Don haka, zamuyi la'akari da nau'ikan kifin da ba'a ambata ba tukuna tare da hanya ta musamman don kulawa. Bari mu fara da Macmaster. Waɗannan kifaye iri ɗaya ne, biyu waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramar lita 60 na ruwa. Ba za ku iya fada da gani ba.

A cikin hoto, macmaster apistogram

Tsawon Macmaster bai wuce santimita 6 ba, yawanci 5. Yara suna buƙatar tushen da duwatsu. A dabi'a, jinsunan suna zaune a ƙarƙashin tsinken da ya faɗo ƙasa. Ba tare da matsuguni ba, Macmaster ɗin ba zai rayu har ma a cikin akwatin katangar mai lita 60 ba.

Kayan pistocin mafi ma'ana fiye da sauran nau'in zuwa ma'aunin acid-base na ruwa. Muhimmin muhimmin abu shine 5. A lokaci guda, kifi, kamar Macmaster, shine “gurasar ruwa”. Wasu ma'aurata suna buƙatar ƙarfin lita 100.

A cikin hoto, panduro apistogram

A lokaci guda, tsawon kifin bai wuce santimita 8 ba. Mace, a kowane, girma kawai zuwa 5. A waje, wakilan nau'ikan basu da ma'ana. Andaƙƙarfan Panduro ƙanana ne, kamar ana fentin jiki a cikin sautunan launin toka-toka. Kawai akan caudal fin akwai furen orange mai haske, sannan kuma kawai cikin maza.

Blue Neon - Nau'in Apistogram, m bayyanar, amma pampered. Kifi yana kula da ƙananan karkacewa daga abubuwan da ke ciki. A cikin hannaye marasa ƙwarewa, neons sun mutu, sabili da haka ana ba da shawarar ga ƙwararrun masu binciken ruwa.

A cikin hoto, shugabar bakin wake ne mai shuɗi

Sun san, alal misali, cewa neons na son zama cikin fakitoci. Abun haɗin kamfanin shima yana da mahimmanci. An zaɓi filaye tare da fifikon mace. Haka kuma, koda da cikakkiyar kulawa, neon apistogram baya rayuwa sama da shekaru 2.

Yaduwa da kiwo apistogram

Fishes sun fara balaga ta hanyar watanni 5-6 watanni, kuma, kamar cichlids masu yawa, yawanci suna samar da nau'i biyu masu ƙarfi yayin kiyaye kifin. Haka kuma, don samun nasarar kiwo, yakamata a kiyaye kifin a cikin kungiyoyi 6-7 daban daban, domin a samu nau'i biyu masu nasara na halitta. A lokacin tsallakewa, ana nuna kyawun maza kamar yadda zai yiwu. Haka kuma, kawai a wannan lokacin sun zama da ɗan m, suna kare yankinsu da zuriyarsu.

Abun cinye na iya faruwa a cikin babban akwatin ruwa, don, a samu nasarar shayarwa da adana ƙwai daga cin sauran kifayen, ya kamata a yi amfani da akwati dabam. Don tsalle-tsalle, ƙaramin, akwatin kifin mai lita 15 ya dace. Incarfafawa don haifuwa a ciki zai zama ƙaruwa na zazzabi na digiri 2 da ƙari a hankali na sabo da ruwa mai laushi. Don haka, halayen yanayi mai kyau na yanayin zafi shine 27 ° da sama, kuma jimlar rashin ƙarfi fiye da 10 °.

Ya kamata a sanya dutse mai laushi, tukunyar tukwane ko ma ƙaramin miya a ƙasa. Kifi zai taɓo a kansu. Matar ta haɗiye kimanin ƙwai-ƙwai 200-400. Bayan tseguntawa, mahaifan biyu, amma mafi yawan maza, suna kula da caviar, zaɓi da lalata mamacin. Kifi na iya canja wurin qwai zuwa wani, mafi nasara wuri.

Zubar da qwai yakai kwanaki 2-4, ya danganta da yanayin ruwan. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe duk soya, zazzabi za a iya rage hankali. Namiji yana kula da larvae, mace za a iya dasa ta. Bayan kwanaki 3-5, soya zai yi iyo. Da farko suna cin abinci daga jakar gwaiduwa, sa’annan suka fara cin abincin kansu. Don abinci, ƙura mai rai, cyclops, nauplii na brine shrimp, ciliates sun dace. Ciyarwar yakamata ya zama na yau da kullun, sau 5-6 a rana, gami da dare. Namiji ya ci gaba da kulawa da zuriyarsa, wani lokacin zai iya tara soya a bakinsa, kamar dai ya shafe su sannan ya zubo su.

Yana da muhimmanci sosai a lokacin shiryawa na qwai da haɓaka soya don kiyaye ƙididdigar ruwa mai tsabta da tsayayye a cikin ɓarna - wannan shine babban matsala a cikin kiwo apistogram.

Idan kawai kuna so ku fara sanin ku da cichlids, to, apistogram na ramirezi yana ɗaya daga cikin speciesan halittun da suka dace da wannan.

Abun dacewa da Apistogram tare da wasu kifayen

Ba wai kawai don bayyanar aquarists fada cikin soyayya apistogram. Sayi kifin dangin cichlid suna neman saboda yanayin kwanciyar hankalinsu. Abun cin abinci yana nuna ban sha'awa ga wasu kifin. Koyaya, ana cin cichlids kansu.

Sabili da haka, sun yi ƙoƙarin kada su sasanta abubuwan da ke faruwa tare da manyan, masu kuntatawa. Koyaya, amaryar ta cizo, misali, tare da sikeli. Dalilin kwanciyar hankali mai lumana shine babban girman parlour-like apistogram. Suna tsoron kai farmaki irin wannan sikeli.

An ɗauka apistogram na cockatoo, kuma, tare da faski da Neon. Amma an zaɓi Borelli da Agassitsa a cikin unguwar haracin da barbus. Na farkon ana rarrabe ta gaban fin fin kitsen, da na biyu - da zafin rai.

Koyaya, ƙananan wakilan dangi basu shiga cikin yaƙin ba. Sosai mai salama, alal misali, ƙwallan ƙwal. Shi da kuma sahabbai cikin apistogram.

Guppies da cockerels sun zama maƙwabta masu kyau don gemun, balloons da altispinosis. Idan ramirezi yana iyo a cikin akwatin kifaye, zaku iya ƙara kifayen salama, zebrafish ko turkey a ciki. Latterarshe, kamar ƙwan jijiyoyin, suna jagorantar garken rai.

Roduwayarwa da halayen jima'i na apistogram

Lokacin kiwo na apistogram shine kawai lokacin da zasu sami damar kai hari ga sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Pisces suna da damuwa game da kariyar zuriya, suna ganin abokan gaba ga kowane mai iyo zuwa ƙwai. Wasu apistogram suna da shakkar cewa suna ɗaukar caviar a cikin bakin. Ana ɗaukar jigilar kaya kawai zuwa abokin tarayya, alal misali, yayin cin abinci.

Wasu apistogram suna tono ƙwai a cikin ƙasa. Haka kuma, 'ya'yan dabarar da ke bakin ba a cirewa. Idan iyaye suka yi zargin wani abu ya faskara, sai suka ja kwai, suka fyaɗa cikin rami kawai a cikin kwanciyar hankali.

Gabaɗaya, kifayen ƙungiyar suna da alhaki da iyaye masu ƙauna. Karo na farko kenan soya apistogram. Dattawa suna ɓoye su, kamar caviar. Zaɓin na biyu shine murfin da ƙusoshin, kamar fuka-fuki.

Bayan karin magana a cikin "a cikin iyali ba tare da wata dabara ba" a cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su ana samun wadanda ba su da ilimin halin iyaye. Misali, Ramirezi, alal misali, ku ci zuriya ba tare da kunnuwa ba. Bleu na lantarki ba shi da jini, amma kamar ya warwatse, kar a bi zuriya.

Apistogram na Bolivian ya zama kyakkyawan mahaifa kawai a lokacin balaga. Kifi ya ɓoye shekaru 12, amma yawanci yakan fara cin dabbobin farko. Saboda haka, don kiwo, masu neman ruwaye sun zabi nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka gani.

Kiwo Apistogram Bolivian yana farawa daga baya fiye da sauran nau'ikan cichlids. Yawancinsu suna shirye don haifuwa ta watanni 5. Matan wasu nau'in suna canza launi yayin lokacin haihuwa. Misali, Ramirezi, ya canza launin rawaya.

A cikin hoto, apistogram na Ramirezi

Siffofin jima'i na apistogram sune al'ada don yawancin kifi. Maza sun fi girma, haske, da ƙeƙasassu ƙashi. Girman kuma "launi na peacock" suna taimakawa a nuna a gaban mata, don neman falalarsu. A cikin sanyi, af, yana da wuya a narke zukatan apistogram. A lokacin kiwo, kifi na iyali yana buƙatar a mai da shi zuwa aƙalla 27 digiri.