Gida »Kayan aiki» Bayanan kula »| Rana: 05/15/2017 | Ra'ayoyi: 28562 | Tunani: 0
Kawa, ko talakawa, eared (Plecotus auritus) wata karamar dabba ce mai kwalliya mai ban dariya wacce ta kasance ta dangin talakawa ne (Vespertillionidae).
Abu ne mai sauki mutum ya sanya sunansa hade da kunnuwa. Tabbas, tsawon kunnuwa kusan daidai yake da girman dabba. Lokacin da wannan jaka take bacci ko kuma tana hutawa ne kawai, sai ta jujjuya kunnuwanta suka ɓoye ta a ƙarƙashin fikafikanta.
Brown ushanka na zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe da yawa a cikin yankin Turai na kasarmu, a Kudancin Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma a ko'ina yawan wannan dabbar yana da ƙanana. A wasu ƙasashe, suna zaune ne a ƙasashen Portugal, Afirka ta Arewa, Falasdin, Iran, Sin ta Tsakiya.
Ushana na da gajeru kuma fadi-fuka-fukai, fikafikan nashi zai iya kaiwa santimita 28. Jawo yana lokacin farin ciki kuma mai tsawo. Launin launinta a baya yana daga rawaya mai launin shuɗi zuwa launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, akan ciki akwai haske.
Babban abincin wadannan jemagu sune kwari iri iri: sauro, kuli-kuli, gizo-gizo. Ushanka ba kawai zai kama su ba, har ma yana tattara su a cikin bishiyoyi, yana yin motsi tare da rassan. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wannan ƙaramar dabba ba ta gano wanda aka azabtar ba da idanu, amma tare da manyan kunnuwa, tare da taimakon echolocation. Don haka a cikin dabbobi ana kiranta ikon iya haskakawa da tsinkaye sautuka na sarari a sarari.
Wannan jaka tana cin abinci kawai mai laushi na irin ƙwaro ko malam buɗe ido, yana zubar da fikafikan sa da murfin murfin chitinous na kwari.
Brown Ushanka dabba ce mara tsayi, tana tashi daga neman abinci da maraice kuma tana farauta har gari ya waye. Da rana, wannan dabbar dabbar tana hutawa, tana ɓoye cikin mafaka iri-iri: ramin bishiyoyi ko kogo. -Unƙun kunne na kunne suna zaune shi kaɗai, kodayake wasu lokuta ana haɗa su cikin ƙananan rukuni.
Tare da farawa na hunturu, launin fari mai launin shuɗi. Suna barci, kamar sauran jemage, juye, suna manne da ƙafa ɗaya ko biyu ga wasu reshe ko bango a cikin tsari. Wani lokacin a tsakiyar hunturu, ushana na iya tayar da wani abu, sai ya farka, amma ba da dadewa ba - nan da nan ya sake yin barci.
'Ya'yan launin ruwan-kunne-flaps yana bayyana a farkon bazara. A matsayinka na mulkin, karama daya, tsirara da makafi an haife su. Ya manne wa mahaifiyarsa, wacce take birge jariri a kanta har sai ya koyi tashi da kanta. Namiji baya cikin tarbiyyar. Yawancin lokaci yakan ɓace da zaran an haifi jariri.
Earan ƙaramin earan kunne suna girma da sauri: bayan wata guda ba su da bambanci da dangin da suka manyanta.
Ushans suna dauke su da matukar amfani mazaunan gandun daji, saboda suna lalata adadi da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da lahani ga itatuwa. A cikin daji, waɗannan jemagu masu kyau suna rayuwa har zuwa shekara goma.
An sanya shi a cikin Jerin Turai na Red, Littattafai na Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan da Yankunan Tomsk, Jamhuriyar Tatarstan. An kare shi a cikin ɗakunan yanayi na Denezhkin Kamen da wurin shakatawa na Deer Brooks.
Ushan bat hoto
Sau da yawa yakan hau reshen bishiyoyi ko bangon gine-gine, yana manne musu da yatsunsa masu ƙyalli yana tattara kwari da suke yi masa abinci. An rufe jikin ushana da kauri. Partangare na shi mai launin shuɗi ne, yana da duhu, zuwa launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Kuma kawai ciki shine fari.
Batir ɗin Baturi ya zama ruwan dare a tsakiyar da arewacin sassan Turai. A Rasha, ana rarrabawa a sashinta na Turai, ban da yankuna na arewacin. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kudancin Siberiya. Mahallan Ushanka suna dazuzzuka da daji mai kwari da yawa, tsaunuka da hamada, amma ko'ina ko'ina cikin adadi kaɗan.
Wataƙila waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi sun hadu su zauna tare da mu. Misali, wani wuri a yanayi, yayin yawon shakatawa, kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin kasar, ushan tashi nan kusa. Amma ba da girman girman su kuma cewa ba su da labari, ba ma lura da su.
Suna jira ranar wani wuri a cikin ramin bishiyoyi, a cikin kogo, a falle, a cikin ginin gine-gine, duk inda suka sami mafaka. Ushan zaune shi kadai, ba sau da yawa cikin nau'i-nau'i kuma da wuya sosai a cikin kananan rukuni. Suna ciyar da kusancin mafaka, a gefen dajin ko kuma a sarari.
Sau ɗaya a shekara - a lokacin bazara, ushanka yana ƙaruwa. Af, cub yana haihuwar shi kadai, lokaci-lokaci - biyu. Mazaunin haihuwa an haifesu marasa taimako, tsirara da crumbs. Uwa takan sanya jariri wanda ke da tabbaci a kan nono har sai yana da ikon tashiwa.
A cikin kogon , a cikin gidajen kurkuku da ɗakunan ƙasa, batan sami mafaka mai ɗumi, inda ta hau kan duk lokacin hunturu da hibernates.
A cikin dazuzzuka ushana fa'ida, saboda tana lalata kwari.
Ina ba da shawara ku kalli fim game da amfanin ɗan adam na jigilar iska a cikin jemage.
Jin daɗin kallon ku, bar ra'ayoyi a cikin hanyar da ke ƙasa.
Fatan alheri ga mice mai tsalle kuma, ba shakka, a garemu!
Biyan kuɗi zuwaTashar garkena , a gaban yawancin labarai masu ban sha'awa game da dabbobi.
Wushan yana da ban mamaki
dukkanin gundumomin gudanarwa na Belarus
Gidan mara lafiya-mai nono (Vespertilionidae).
Yana da yanki mai faɗi a cikin Belarus, amma ba yawa a ko'ina. Ra'ayin yana da hankali. Yankin Belarus yana kusan kusan tsakiyar Turai na kewayon wannan nau'in.
Girman girma ya fi na launin toka-flaps na launin toka-toka. Wingspan 25-29.5 cm, tsayin jiki 3.4-5.4 cm, wutsiya 4.0-5.2 cm, kunne 2.8-4.5 cm, goshi 3.8-4.9 cm, nauyi 4.7-10.5 g.
Jawo ba gajera kuma ba ya daidaita. Canza launi yana ƙarƙashin daidaituwa na mutum da na ƙasa. Gashin gashi mai duhu ne mai duhu ko baƙi, wanda zai biyo baya da bel-mai launin toka da ƙarshen duhu mai launin shuɗi. A baya dabbobi a Belarus ne mai launin toka mai haske tare da abin rufe ido mai sananne, musamman a bangarorin wuya da ciki. Abun ciki yana da kyau kuma yayi kyau. Wani lokaci, ana samun daidaikun mutane masu duhu ko mara nauyi. Earan ƙaramin earan kunne suna ɗan ƙarami da ƙarfi fiye da manya. A cikin matasa yara, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yana da rauni a bayyane. Haske "abin wuya" na launin toka mai launin toka a kan aski da ke gefen wuyan ba a furta shi.
Sifar halayyar rarrabe-kunnuwa shine babban kunnuwa. An rufe tsakiyar kunnuwan tare da rikice rikice biyu. Tatsun yana da dogon tsayi (har zuwa 1.9 cm) kuma kunkuntar, tare da nuna alamar amo. Auricles sun fi wuta haske. Kunnuwa suna da bakin ciki; a busassun dabbobi kuma sukan bushe a cikin “bututu” ko “lamban rago”. Sanya hancin yatsu zuwa saman dutsen da kasadar. Makarfan lokacin da aka kalle shi daga gefe gajere ne, tare da hanci mai kumburi sosai. Canza launi mara gashi na kuncin jiki yawanci mai launin fata ne. A gefen mafi girma na kwalayen ido akwai manyan kanjamau masu yawan gaske, wadanda suke daidai da girman ido.
Theafar yana da tsayi, tsayinsa ban da maƙalar 9-10 mm. Gashin kan yatsun kafafu yawanci dogaye ne kuma tsayayye, cikin nau'in bristles. Tsakanin gindin yatsun kafafu daban, a matsayinka na doka, membranes na fata (a cikin mutane masu rai) a bayyane suke bayyane.
Fuka-fukan suna da fadi da gajeru. Magunguna masu tashi suna duhu ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske. A cikin ƙwayar murfin caudal an haɗe shi da ƙashin bayan hind a gindin yatsun kuma ya bar kyauta ta ƙarshe ta caudal vertebra. Ba a haɓakar epiblem ba.
Siffofin. Juyawar bayan kafafen hancin yana da kyau, babban ƙwayoyin hancin da ke rufe da hancin sama da ido. A cikin launi na Jawo a koyaushe akwai sautunan launin ruwan kasa da launin shuɗi: bangon baya yana da launin shuɗi, ko launin ruwan kasa, ruwanka yana da shuɗi. Ya bambanta da furcin launin toka-toshi, yatsan farkon yatsa mai kaifi ne, mai sabin-salo, tsawon 2.5-3.1 mm da tsayin ƙafar (ban da maɗaukakkun) 9-10 mm.
Bayan kamawa, mutane masu launin fari mai launin ruwan kasa sun fusata da tsananin fushi, suna matukar fashewa daga hannayensu kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ciji.
Matsakaicin tasirin siginar ultrasonic na launin fari da launin toka ba ta bambanta kuma yana cikin jerin mitoci 3: 13-15, 35, 50 kHz.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da yaduwar ushana a cikin Eurasia shine rashin haɗin kai ga kowane mafaka guda ɗaya da kuma ikon daidaitawa a wurare da yawa. Ana iya samunsa a cikin gidajen tsuntsu, a cikin rami mai zurfi, a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin haushi, a cikin kayan ɗaki, a bayan ƙofofin da firam ɗin taga.
Gidajen launin ruwan-kunne-flaps daban-daban: daga gandun daji kariya zuwa
ɗakunan gine-ginen gidaje da yawa na biranen zamani. Amma mai dorewa
Wannan nau'in yana kafa ƙauyuka ne kawai a inda ciyawar ciyawar kezuwa. Wannan shine ɗayan speciesanyen kwari, waɗanda ake samunsu akan tafiya ta yamma a kusan duk ƙauyen namu. Saboda ƙwarewar abinci da kuma bincike na kwari na rawanin bishiyoyi, da ƙananan radius dinta, ƙyalƙyali baƙi yawanci ba a ɗaukar nauyin biyu ta hanyar ganowa da kuma kamawa da gizo-gizo. Realarfinsa na ainihi na iya zama mafi girma.
A cikin matsuguni na rani, waɗanda ke cikin zurfin bishiyoyi, a cikin gine-ginen katako, a cikin gidajen tsuntsayen, sun bayyana da wuri, a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu.
Ushans suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici kuma sabili da haka ba su girma
gungu. Gaskiya ne, mace tana yin ƙananan mazauna a cikin adadin mutane 12-20 a lokacin haihuwar jarirai da kuma shayar da sauran. Savitsky et al. (2005) sun nuna ikon mallaka na mutane 3-10. Maza a cikin wannan lokacin suna keɓancewa da shiga cikin mace bayan miƙawar matasa zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta a ƙarshen bazara.
Yankuna masu juna biyu sun haɗu a watan Mayu, kuma a watan Yuni kowace mace na haihuwar saya 1-2. Jariri na haɓaka da sauri. A ƙarshen mako na farko, sun fara gani, kuma bayan kwana 10 an rufe su da gajeren gashi kuma sun riga sun kasance a cikin rami lokacin da mace ta tashi don farauta. Har zuwa wannan zamanin, 'ya' yan suna tare da mahaifiyarsu, suna manne da hancin nono na mammary gland yayin da suke fara neman kwari. Lokacin da ya cika makonni 6, ƙaramin ɗan kunne daga girman iyayensu ya zama mai 'yanci gabaɗaya.
Farauta jiragen sama na ushans suna farawa da maraice a cikin duhu. Hanyar tashi da farauta tare da earflaps sun bambanta sosai. Dangane da wannan, launin launin ruwan-kunne babban gwarzo ne tsakanin jemamu. Yana tashi duk daren. Tsayi, tashi jinkirin tashi 1-6 m. Zan iya rataye a cikin iska wuri guda, shirin. Yayin farauta, yakan zauna a kasa ko a jikin bishiyun bishiyoyi, wanda da wuya kasassu ga sauran jinsunan jemagu, wadanda kuma suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin da ake nomawa. Shi mai son sani ne, yana sha'awar tashi zuwa wani abu na musamman da aka jefa cikin iska, misali, farin tawul. Ushan, ba kamar sauran jemagu ba, da son rai kuma sau da yawa farauta a rawanin bishiyoyi. A kwatancen kwatanci, jirgin dare na ushana ya fi kama da jirgin sanannen sanannun malam buɗe ido - urticaria.
Yana ciyarwa akan wasu small ananan medium anana da matsakaitan kwari. Partangare na ganima yana tattarawa akan ganye, rassan, ciyawa, hanyoyi. Saboda haka yalwar abubuwa marasa amfani a cikin abincin ta: gizo-gizo, gizo-gizo, lardunan fatalwowi, turawa, malam buɗe ido. Koyaya, babban abin fara'a ga ushana shine kwari, yafi scoops. Amma gabaɗaya, sama da kashi 99% na abincinsa har yanzu kwari ne.
Muhimmiyar sifa ta biyu ta ushan shine daidaitonsa na musamman acikin cin abincin mutum. Kamawa, alal misali, babban malam buɗe ido (mashin, hawthorn), ushanka ba ya cinye shi a kan tashi, amma yana ɗaukar ganima zuwa teburin "aft" na dindindin: wani ɓoyayyen fitila, katako, gwal mai shinge na kwance, da sauransu. Tunda kwanciyar hankali ya zauna, ta amfani da yatsun kafafun kafafun, kunnuwan kunnuwanku a hankali suna keɓance sassan waɗanda aka azabtar dasu: fuka-fuki, wata gabar, har ma da bakin ciki. Teburin Fodder tare da flaps na kunne sune ƙayyadaddun akai. Gano, alal misali, a ƙasan gine-ginen fanko, ƙirar fikafikan boyayyun ƙwararrun maƙeran bishiyoyi, gami da waɗanda ke cikin damuwa, galibi aikin paws da hakoran kunnuwa ne Wushan kuma yana okin amfani da nunannun tsuntsayen iri don yanke ganima a watan Yuli-Agusta.
Dabbar ta hanyar canjin yana faruwa a rabin rabin Agusta har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. A wannan lokacin, mazaje na ushana, da ma na wasu jinsunan jikunanmu, sukan tashi zuwa cikin windows windows na gidaje da cibiyoyi cikin dare.
Lokacin da ake nazarin maganganun kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen da magabatansu daban-daban, ba a sami ragowar ushana cikin ragowar abincin tsuntsayen na abin da ake ci ba.
Us Us Brown - nau'in sassaucin ra'ayi, ba ya yin manyan jirage. Matsakaicin nisa wurin da ushan ke tashi cikin Turai shine kilomita 66. Wannan nisan tare da ushan na iya tashi cikin awa 2-3.
Ushan yana barci a cikin kabari ko a bayyane, alal misali, rataye daga kan rufin laka kuma yana amintar da dogayen kunnunsa a ƙarƙashin fikafikan fika. Harshen ushans kafin farauta yana da ban mamaki.
Don hunturu, ushan yana ɓoye a cikin mafaka mai kariya: a cikin ɗakuna, ɗakunan katako, rami mai zurfi, ƙyalli na zobba na kankare a cikin rijiyoyin mai zurfi. Mafi kyawun yanayin hunturu shine + 4 ° C, i.e. Yawancin yanayin zafin jiki na cellars a cikin ƙauyukan mu. Mafi sau da yawa, ushana suna ɓoyewa a fili, suna manne da bango, rufin ginin ƙasa ko kuma cellar. Wasu lokuta mutane da yawa sukan taru a cikin ginshiki ɗaya, amma kowane ɗayansu yana yin hibernates daban-daban, suna ɓoye, alal misali, a baya mai ban sha'awa stucco akan bango. A watan Disamba - Janairu, an samu daidaikun mutane na ushana yin hunturu a cikin manya-manyan bishiyoyi a Belovezhskaya Pushcha lokacin da yanayin iska ya kasance daga -3.7 zuwa -7.6 ° C. Ingungiyoyin masu banƙyama sun kafa abin da aka makala na ushan zuwa wuraren yin hunturu iri ɗaya, da gaskiyar cewa mafaka ta hunturu suna daga nesa zuwa 2 kilomita 30 daga matsugun rani.
Mafi yawan nasara da kuma saurin girke-girke na yau da kullun na faruwa a wurare da aka kiyaye lafiya tare da yawan zafin jiki akai-akai da kuma zafi mai zafi. Amma, tabbas akwai aƙalla daskararren ruwa: daga ruwan sanyi akan saman sanyi (ƙarfe, bulo) ko daga rami na ƙasa. Ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen hunturu waɗanda ba zato ba tsammani. A lokaci guda, wasu shingayen hunturu na ushana, alal misali, a cikin ɗakuna masu zaman kansu da kantin sayar da kayan lambu ba su da ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa. Ana zaton cewa matsananciyar ƙishirwa na ushanka ya sami damar nutsuwa a can ta hanyar yin amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da lalacewar tubersanyen da aka lalace da kuma tushen amfanin gona.
Don haka, filashin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda a cikin jembobinmu suna da “babban birnin” mafi girma na halayyar mazaɓar muhalli, yakamata ya haɓaka cikin lambobi. Amma, saboda dalilai marasa tabbas, adadin wannan nau'in yana ko'ina ko'ina a hankali yana raguwa. A cikin Yukren, launin ruwan kasa ushana ma an shirya shi don haɗawa cikin bugu na gaba na littafin 'Red Book' na ƙasa.
Brown Ushanka shine mai rikodin rikodin tsawon rayuwa tsakanin jemage na Turai. A shekarar 1990, an kama wata mace wacce aka sanya wa hannu shekaru 30 da suka gabata a kasar ta Jamus. Gabaɗaya, rayuwar jemage yana da ban mamaki. Musamman idan kun yi tunanin kwatankwacin girman zuwa ushan, alal misali, linzamin gidan yana rayuwa kawai shekaru 1-3.
