Bayyanar mutum da hali. Babban reel tare da ƙarancin wutsiya mai tsayi da aka yanke shi a ƙarshen da ƙusasshen kumburi mai ƙare da ƙarshen baki ya durƙushe. Wings na tsawon matsakaici, lokacin da aka ɗora, fiɗunsu ba su kai tsakiyar wutsiya ba. Girman murkushewa, tsawon jikinsa 20-24 cm, fuka-fuki 27-35 cm, nauyi 40-65 g. Ginin jiki ya yi yawa, kafafu sunada ƙanana, amma mai ƙarfi. Umwaya yana da tsayi, mai laushi da sako-sako. Rage motsi, sau da yawa har ma da rauni. Yawancin lokaci tsuntsu na itace, ana iya dakatar dashi akan rassa, kamar tsallake-tsallake, amma baya amfani da gemunsa, da wuya kasassu a ƙasa, tsalle akan sa ko tafiya cikin ƙananan matakai. Gabaɗaya, fasalulluka fasali da halayen yayi kama da katako.

Bayanin. A cikin maza manya, cikin sabo mai sabo, kai, baya, nuhvost, kirji da gefuna na ciki sune ruwan hoda. A baya, kafadu da nadhvost suna furta yanayin launin toka na launin toka. Wutsiya, reshe da fikafikan fuka-fukai ne mai launin shuɗi-mai launin fari tare da fari ko fari mai haske. Filayen fari ko ruwan hoda mai haske na gashin fuka-fukai sun zama rabe-raben fannoni biyu a reshen fika mai rufaffen fika. Bangaren tsakiya na ciki da rashin hankali sune ash-launin toka, ƙananan murfin wutsiyar gashin fuka-fukai tare da iyakoki mai fa'ida. A cikin ɓoyayyen kayan maye (a lokacin rani), launin ruwan hoda ya juya ya zama ja rasberi, inuwa mai launin toka tana duhu.

A cikin samari maza (na farko da na biyu na rayuwa), launi na kai, babba na jiki, kirji da bangarorin ciki sun bambanta daga ruwan lemu-ja zuwa launin kore-rawaya mai ɗauke da gwanayen gashin fatar fatar fatar. Sauran launuka suna kama da na tsohon saura, hasken iyakokin wutsiya, fuka-fukan gashin fuka-fukai da fuka-fukai suna da datti fari, ba tare da launin ruwan hoda ba. Mata suna kama da maza samari, amma launinsu na orange yana da wuya. Shugaban, gwal a baya da kuma plaque a kirji rawaya mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Dankin yana da tsoro mai ban tsoro, kuma isharar ta fi wuta. Kafafu suna da launin ruwan kasa-fari. Bakan gizo launin ruwan kasa.

A cikin tsuntsayen matasa, da alama daban-daban daga manya a gajeru da friable kwane-kwano plumage, goshi da bangarorin kai sune launin shuɗi. Kashi na sama na jikinsa launin toka-baki ne, makogwaron ya zamar maka da farin ciki, kirji da ciki suna da launin toka-kazar ko launin toka. Reshe yana da launi, kamar yadda yake a cikin tsuntsaye manya, amma fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsaye a kanta suna da bayyanannen ocher. A cikin tsuntsaye masu girman wannan, kawai tsinkewa suna da launi iri ɗaya; daga nesa, schura ya bambanta da su ta hanyar gemunsa, da a nesa, ta dogon wutsiyarsu.

Kuri'a. Kyawawa sautin karaya "tulle», «fa ul», «woo», «wancan"da sauransu. Waƙar ta ƙunshi bincike mai ƙarfi.

Matsayi na Rarraba. Yankuna a cikin yankin taiga na Eurasia daga arewacin Scandinavia zuwa gabar tekun Pacific, kazalika a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu yawan gaske na Arewacin Amurka. A arewacin Turai akwai karamin, wani lokacin zaman da aka saba da shi ko kuma wani nau'in yawo - a yawancin Turai Rasha shine karamin tsuntsu-yawo da tsuntsayen hunturu. A cikin yankuna tsakiya da kudanci, ba kowane hunturu ya bayyana ba.

Rayuwa. A arewacin Turai, gida a cikin gandun daji na gargajiya-hade. Yanke shawara a cikin daji deciduous, inda akwai a kalla guda spruce, fir ko larch. Aƙa kaɗan, m. Gidaje ana gina su akan ƙwansowa ko fir, ba sau da yawa akan larch, a tsawon mil 1-2. Matsakaicin wurin da yake kan gida yana kan bishiyar itacen fir, galibi yana kusa da gangar jikin, ba sau da yawa akan reshe na gefe, a cikin “paw”. A tushe daga cikin gida kunshi bakin ciki rassan, kananan Tushen, da gida tasa kanta neatly resinued daga bakin ciki ruwan wukake ciyawa, wajen na bakin ciki, m. An yi raga da tire da ciyawa mai kyau ko ulu. A cikin kama akwai 2-5 qwai na kore ko launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, tare da launin ruwan kasa ko na zaitun daban-daban, mafi yawan lokuta babba da taushi. Ana rufe kaji da kauri duhu mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa.

A cikin abincin tsuntsaye na manya, musamman a cikin hunturu, abincin shuka ya fi fifita - buds, buds, ganye na matasa, berries. Manyan tsuntsayen suna cin kwari a hanya, a cikin kajin kajinsu akwai da yawa. Hunturu a Schurov yana faruwa a cikin yawo a cikin ƙananan garkuna tare da kewayon farauta, yawanci kudu daga wuraren nishaɗin. Akwai tituna masu yawa zuwa kudu, har zuwa kan tudu, sannan kuma ana iya ganin Schurov har a cikin biranen da suke ciyar da toka na dutse ko apple.

Abin da ke ci

Schuras sune manyan tsuntsaye masu girma kuma galibi suna ciyar da iri na bishiyoyi masu ɗorewa da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, huhunsu da harbe, da kuma berries. Hakanan suna ƙara ƙaramin adadin kwari a cikin abincinsu, musamman a cikin hunturu (gwoza, ƙwayayensu, kuli-kuli, waɗanda suke cikin tashin hankali). Kayan kaji kuma suna buƙatar abincin dabba, saboda haka iyaye suna ciyar da su da kwari.

Schur suna matukar son liyafa tare da juniper da itacen ash ash, kuma a yankuna na gabas tare da lemun tsami.

Inda yake zama

Schur - mazaunan gandun daji na yau da kullun, suna zaune a cikin yankin Asiya, Turai da Amurka. Saboda rayuwa, wadannan tsuntsayen suna zabi gandun daji da gawawwaki, dattijo da gauraye, amma koyaushe a kusa da koguna ko wasu jikin ruwa, tunda suna son hanyoyin ruwa.

Shura ba sa son motsawa a ƙasa, saboda haka bishiyoyi masu tsayi abin dogara ne don kare rayuwarsu da rayuwar yau da kullun.

Migratory ko hunturu

Daga cikin Schur, akwai ƙaura duka biyun, kazalika da nomadic kuma zauna. A kowane yanki na musamman, ƙaurawar schuros ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da wadatar abinci. A cikin lokutan sanyi, pike na iya ƙaura zuwa kudancin mazauninsu na al'ada, amma ba su yi nisa ba.

Halin halittar schur ya hada da jinsuna biyu: na gama gari da na rhododendral schur, wadanda suke iri daya ne da launi iri-iri.

Rhododendral schur ya bambanta da ɗan kwalinsa a cikin ƙananan girma (har zuwa 20 cm a tsawon) da yanki rarraba. Wannan ɗan littafin mazaunin ƙasar Sin ne, Tibet, Burma, Bhutan da kuma Nepal. Kirkin ya sami sunan shi saboda wuraren zama da ya fi so - gefunan daji tare da dunƙule na rhododendron da juniper.

Namiji da mace: manyan bambance-bambance

Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin Schurov an furta shi sosai. Maza suna kama da katako a cikin launi - idanunsu suna jan hankalinsu da kyawunsu na bishiyoyi da kawunansu. Wuraren yanki guda ɗaya cikin mace da tsuntsaye matasa an fentin su cikin sautunan launin rawaya.

Loversaunar tsuntsaye sau da yawa suna ɗaure kansu cikin fursuna kuma suna godiya da wannan nau'in saboda kyakkyawan tubalin da kyakkyawar muryarsa. Abin da kawai suke jawowa shi ne, a zaman talala, zyra ta haifar da talauci.

To amma idan sun samar da wata biyu, to lallai ne a sanya tsuntsaye a cikin wani fili mai nisa kuma su bar kayan gini da yawa don gida (gandun daji, ruwan ciyawa, ciyawa). A cikin ɗayan juzu'i, schurah mace tana da ƙananan ƙwallo masu launin shuɗi 3-5, wanda take kyankyasar har tsawon sati 2. Bayan kwanaki 13-14, iyaye sun ciyar da kajin.

Don matukin jirgi, zaku buƙaci keji mai shimfiɗa tare da dogayen sanda tare da kwantena biyu na ruwa - ɗayan don shan ruwa, kuma na biyu don iyo, kamar yadda tsuntsaye suke ƙaunar hanyoyin ruwa.

Me za'a ciyar?

A matsayin babban tsuntsu, pike zai buƙaci hadadden hatsi, fure da harbe na bishiyoyi masu bushewa, kayan lambu da fruitsa fruitsan itace, shudi, shidan dutse, da kuma juniper. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara kwai grated da guda na naman da aka tafasa a cikin abincin.

Kuna iya kula da dabbobin ku da kwayoyi - ƙwanƙwaran ƙwaya, gyada, walnuts da kwayan itacen Pine. Kuma don kada tsuntsu ya rasa launi mai haske, ana ciyar da shi lokaci-lokaci tare da ma'adinai na musamman da kuma cakuda bitamin.

Bayanan Ban sha'awa

• Saboda launuka masu haske, mutanen garin Schurov suna kiransa da suna "Finnish parrot" ko "rooster Finnish".
• Schuras suna matukar son yin iyo, kuma koda a cikin hunturu suna samun wuraren buɗe ƙorafe don wannan, kuma a gida, a gare su, ya zama tilas a shirya wurin yin iyo ban da kwanon sha.
• Matan gidan Schura an gina su daban-daban kuma ba sa barin namiji ya shiga wannan aikin. Mata kawai suke kula da kajin.
• Mafi kyawun abincin Schurov, kazalika da katako mai ma'ana, ash. Abin da ya sa waɗannan tsuntsaye ke rikice-rikice yayin da suka gan su a cikin hunturu a kan dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara.

Biyan kuɗi

Yammacin Turai Schur, Pinicola mai taurin kai Harkokin jinsi a cikin Scandinavia da kan Kola Peninsula, suna bayyana a lokacin lokacin kiwo a wasu sassa na tsakiyar Turai da ɓangaren Turai na USSR (Leningrad, Pskov). Yankin gabashin gabas yana da wahalar tantancewa, tunda wannan tseren da na gaba yana haɗuwa da jerin hanyoyin juyawa.

Yammacin Siberian Schur, Enucleator stschur Launi mai paler ne - ruwan hoda-ja (fom na baya yana da launin ja da inuwa mai kaɗa). Daga b. Arkhangelsk lardin tare da tatsuniyar ta ta yamma zuwa Siberia zuwa Terukhansk Territory, kudu zuwa Tyumen. A lokacin rashin kiwo, yana ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa tsakiyar yanki na Tarayyar Turai na USSR, kuma a lokuta na musamman a gaba (Kiev).

Gabashin Siberian Schur, Enucleator pxcatus Maza suna da launuka masu haske fiye da na baya, suna da launi mai launin ja tare da launuka masu launin shuɗi, hasken tsakiyar gashin fuka-fukan ƙasan nan (makogwaro, goiter, kirji, ciki) sun fito da kyau, mata ma sun fi kyau, launin rawaya, launinsu launin toka mai tsabta. Gashin baki ya ɗan gajarta (12.4-15.3 mm, a kan 14.4-16 mm a sigar da ta gabata) kuma ƙari ta kumbura. Siberiya daga Altai da Yenisei zuwa Yankin Amur da arewa maso yamma Mongolia (Kentei, Hangai).

Kamchatka Schur, Enucleator kamtschatkensis Mai canza launi kamar wanda ya gabata, amma baki yana da ƙarfi sosai, dogaye kuma lokacin farin ciki, ya sunkuya har zuwa ƙarshen baki. Kamchatka, Okhotsk bakin tekun, yankin Anadyr, Sakhalin.

Bayyanar

Tsuntsu shine girman maharbi, an gina shi da yawa, tare da kauri, gajere, ɗan guntun ɗan guntun saƙa da kuma wutsiya mai kusan sassaka. Babban canza launin namiji ya zama ja, tare da duhu tushe na gashin fuka-fuka akan kambi, occiput, baya, walƙiya, nadhvosti, ciki da ƙanƙanta - launin toka, suttukan fuka-fukai suna da launin toka tare da iyakoki da keɓaɓɓu da manyan coverss, suna haifar da madaidaici biyu na reshe, reshe-fari tare da iyakokin fata fan na waje, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan toka mai rufi. Yawancin lokaci yakan ciyar akan bishiyoyi.

Banbancin jinsi

A cikin mace, an sauya launi mai ja ta hanyar zaitun mai ruwan zaitun a jikin kuma launin rawaya a kai. Maza bayan farkon kaka kaka suna karɓar transitionalarfin tsinkaye tare da mafi girma ko erasa daɗin ƙimar sautin launin shuɗi. Matasa kamar mata suke. Yayinda operae ta cika, jan launi da launin shuɗi suna bayyana kuma da alama suna haske. Wing 100-110 mm, baki kusa da rauni. Shedding kamar na wasu finch ne, amma cikakkiyar mayafi ta maza, ana sawa ne bayan saukar farkon kaka, a shekara ta biyu.

Kiwo

Nesting a Schurov yana fara ne kawai a watan Yuni. A wannan lokacin, mazan suna ta ihu da babbar murya yayin da suke busawa, kwatankwacin yadda ake ta maimaitawa. Wani irin bacin rai, ana jin melancholic hue a ciki, kodayake mawaƙa suna da rai sosai kuma suna yin rawar jiki fiye da lokacin yawon hunturu. Gida ɗin an shirya shi sosai daga wasu tushe da rassan coniferous, tare da rufin ciki mai sauƙi. A qwai ne babba (24-25 mm tsawo), mai launin shuɗi, tare da duhu launin ruwan kasa aibobi. A cikin masonry, yawanci ba su wuce guda 3-4.