Baƙar fata
Tsarin kimiyya

Mulkin:

Eumetazoi

Infraclass:

Jariri

Subfamily:

Kuraje

Duba:

Baƙar fata

Sunan kimiyya na duniya

Yankin

Baƙar fata (lat. Milvus migrans) tsuntsu ne na ganima daga dangin shaho.

Etymology na sunan

Sunan Rasha shine Kite, Korshak, sunan Yankin shine Korshik ko Shulika, sunan Belarusiyanci shine Karshun, Shulyak, Bulgariyan shine Kite, Korkun ko Chernaya Kana, Slovak krsak, krso shine Kite, Estonian harksaba shine Kite, mai yiwuwa anfara komawa Avestan kahrkasa. "Kuma a cikin hanyar kamar sunayen wasu mafarautan da ke ɗauke da tushen * ko (ar, er). A cewar marubucin Soviet na Soviet A.P. Chapygin, wanda aka ambata a cikin bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin labari mai taken "Razin Stepan" (1924-1927), a wasu yankuna na yankin Don, a cikin yaruka na gida, ana kiran kite Kuryuki ko Koryuki.
Yana yiwuwa kalmar ta sifa ne sakamakon wallafa sunan makamancin wannan ga tsuntsu mai cin abincinsa, wanda aka ambata a hannun V. I. Dahl (1882) (ba tare da bayyana asalin hanyar aro da sihiri ba), a matsayin “tsuntsayen ƙasashen waje Circaёtus (mai cizon maciji), kusa da mikiya, yana ciyar da dabbobi masu rarrafe. " Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kuli da mai cin maciji suna kama da juna a fuskoki, suna da fikafikai iri ɗaya da girman su, da kuma irin nau'ikan abincin.
Akwai kalmomi iri ɗaya a cikin yaren Turkic, tunda, alal misali, a cikin Kazakh akwai kama da kalma mai sauti "karchaga" - a ma'anar shaho, a cikin Tatar - karchyga (wani lokacin telishan), a cikin harshen Crimean Tatars karchea - a ma'anar ƙaramin gaggafa, a Teleut - karsiga, Chagat, Sagai - karciga, karsigai, - shaho.

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zama

Kite - babban tsuntsu na ganima, tare da tsinkayenta ya kai fiye da rabin mita kuma mai nauyin kilogram. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi sosai, tare da tsawonta misalin mita daya da rabi.

Beak kamu da rauni, dogayen fikafi, kafafu gajere.Launin launin fata bambance bambancen tare da yawancin duhu da launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin fari da launuka ja.

Sauti kamar maɓallin melodic. Wani lokaci sukanyi sauti mai sauti kamar ta fashe da kuka quite peculiar kuma mugun kama da maƙwabta na babban turke.

Saurari muryar murhun

Tsuntsayen suna zaune galibi a cikin ƙasashen Tsohon Duniya, musamman suna yaduwa a gabas da kudancin Turai. Suna rayuwa ne galibi a cikin gandun daji, yawanci suna zaune kusa da tafkuna. Tsuntsayen basu da bambancin jinsi, masana kimiyya suna lissafin su kusan takwas.

Mafi shahararren ra'ayi shine ja alama – tsuntsu, yada ko'ina cikin yankin daga Spain har zuwa iyakar iyaka na Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Hoto shine jan baki

Tana da wutsiya mai yatsa, kai da makogwaron suna da fari tare da ratsi mai duhu, kirji yana da ja. A cikin Rasha, maƙil an rarraba shi ta hanyar wasu speciesan nau'ikan, daga Arkhangelsk zuwa Pamirs, kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariyar jihar.

Yanayi da salon rayuwar

Kite - ƙaura tsuntsuamma wasu rukunoni suna kwance rai. Don tashi, tsuntsayen suna samar da garken dabbobi har zuwa ɗaruruwan mutane, wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa ba tsakanin magabatan. Suna yin hunturu a ƙasashen Asiya da Afirka mai ɗumi tare da yanayin yanayi.

Rayuwa a cikin ƙasa don farauta da gine-ginen gidaje, tsuntsaye dole suyi gwagwarmayar rayuwa don rayuwa. Ba kowa ne ke samun isasshen sarari ba.

Hoto ne daga gida

Saboda haka, da yawa daga cikin kurai dole ne su nemi abinci a cikin wasu dabarun mutane, kuma 'yan uwansu don kare wuraren zama. Yawancin lokaci suna yin ado da buɗaɗɗun fuka-fukai masu haske, masu launi da jakunkuna na filastik, datti mai ƙyalli don nuna alamar yanki, tsoratar da maƙwabta da guji harin.

Kite yana da kuzari da jinkirin, ba ya bambanta da ƙarfin hali da girman kai. Ba shi da gajiyawa a cikin jirgi, amma mai jinkirin. Tana iya tashi zuwa wannan tsayin dutsen wanda mafi kaƙƙarfan ido da ido baya iya fitarwa.

Gudun jirginsu abin kallo ne, kuma black tsuntsu tsuntsu capablearfin kusan rabin kwata na awa guda, ba tare da paya daga cikin fikafikan sa ba, tayi kyau sosai a sararin sama.

Baƙar fata

Kites tsuntsaye ne masu wayo sosai da zasu iya bambanta mafarauci daga mutum ɗaya kuma su ɓoye lokaci daga haɗari. Kuma ba su sake bayyana ba a waɗancan wuraren da wasu abubuwan da suka faru suka ba da tsoro sosai.

Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ganima ba koyaushe suke a gida ba. Suna da wuya su kula da abinci, kuma suna iya zama haɗari.

Amma yawanci yakan faru mutane suna tattara kuma suna kula da marasa lafiya da raunuka, waɗanda basa iya komawa yanayi kuma basu iya gwagwarmayar rayuwa ba.

Irin waɗannan mutanen sukan sami kansu cikin gidajen dabbobi. Idan ana so sayabuga yana yiwuwa, ta hanyar Intanet ko a keɓaɓɓun, amma a cikin yanayin cewa yana yiwuwa a bayar tsuntsu yanayi mai dacewa, saboda rayuwa ta yau da kullun, yana buƙatar babban aviary da abinci mai dacewa.

Kite ciyar

Kites suna ciyar da kayan abinci da dabbobi iri daban daban. Kwaro ya zama ganima ga kwari.

Sukan kama kwaɗi da masu bushewa, suna karɓo gawawwakin macizai, ƙanana da manyan dabbobi, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta sukan nemi tsuntsayen. Zasu iya cin kifi mai rai, ɓawon burodi, mollus da tsutsotsi.

Kites tsuntsaye na ganimaamma wannan na iya zama fa'idodi mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda umarnin daji da wuraren rami, ke lalata dabbobi da kifi mara lafiya.

Irin wadannan kyawawan ayyukan sun wuce lahanin da suke yi ta hanyar cin dabbobin makiyaya, kaji da kananan tsuntsaye. Sau da yawa, tsuntsayen suna cutar da rayuwar ɗan adam ta hanyar lalata ducklings, kaji da gulma. Don kauce wa irin wannan harin daga buga, mai siyar da tsuntsuzai yi kyau sosai.

Yana aiki akan ka'idodi waɗanda ke yin la’akari da halayen dabbobi da tsuntsaye, yana ba da sauti mara kyau a wasu jinkiri.

Kites na iya zama mara azanci kuma mai matukar tasiri, yana tsayawa kusa da mutane akan gine-gine, bishiyoyi, a cikin lambun furanni da rokon.

Wasu lokuta sukan zama da yawa kuma suna ba da haushi ga rashin yiwuwar, suna kama idon mutum a zahiri. Tsuntsayen suna sa ido cikin ayyukan mutane, kuma godiya ga tunanin mutum, wanda ba dabbobi da tsuntsaye da yawa da za su yi fahariya da shi, sun fahimci komai.

Idan mai kamun kifi ya kama kamun kifi, ba za su bi shi ba, saboda babu abin da za su amfana da shi.

To, a lõkacin da ya dawo da tarko da arziki, lalle ne, za su tashi zuwa gare shi. Idan makiyayi ya tura garken tumaki cikin makiyaya, fushin zai ci gaba da nuna damuwa, amma idan aka kai dabbobi zuwa wurin yanka, tabbas suna tare.

Kite yana saka ido ba kawai mutum ba, yana cin abinci da ƙima, har ma da halayen dabbobi da sauran tsuntsayen. Idan wani daga cikinsu ya azabtar da abin da yake ci, garken tumaki da ba za a iya jurewa da su ba. Tsuntsaye da kansu da wuya suyi farauta, ko da yake sunada wadataccen isa.

Bayanin Kite

Kites - tsuntsayen da ke cin nama, masu kyau kuma ba za a iya yin jinkiri ba a cikin jirgin sama, da suke da ikon yin sama a cikin sararin sama ba tare da fuka-fuki ba. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sun tashi zuwa babba mai tsayi, don haka yana iya zama da wahalar rarrabe su a cikin sararin tare da ido tsirara. A dabi'ance ta, mai cin gashin tsuntsu mara nauyi ce kuma tayi saurin zama.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Kayan mata yawanci sun fi maza yawa. Kites gida a saman ko cokali mai tsayi na bishiyoyi a tsayi mai yawa, mafi yawan lokuta ana zabar itacen Pine, Linden ko itacen oak don wannan dalilin, gina gida daga busassun ciyayi da sauran nau'in ciyawar

Wani lokacin suna zaune a kan kankara, sau da yawa cikin kungiyoyi, suna yin mulkoki duka. Wataƙila ba dole ne su sauka ba, amma amfani da tsofaffin gidaje, waɗanda aka watsar da sauran tsuntsayen: hankaka, buzzards, da sauran su.

Don gina gidaje suna kawo ƙaramin takarda, datti da shinge, suna rufe ƙasa da raguna. Za'a iya amfani da wurin ba sau ɗaya ba, amma shekaru da yawa.

Qwai kwanansu fari fari kuma an rufe su da launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa. A cikin ɓoye na iya kasancewa ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwai waɗanda aka sa a tsaka-tsaki bayan kwana uku a cikin Afrilu ko farkon Mayu.

Mahaifiya ta sanya kansu cikin kwana 31-38, yayin da mahaifinta ke ba ta abinci. Oraya daga cikin kajin ko biyu da aka rufe da su ana kyankyasar, wani lokacin ma.

Daga cikin kwanakin farko sosai ana rarrabe su ta hanyar tsokanar zalunci, galibi har da zaluntar juna, kuma yaƙe-yaƙe da faɗakarwar su yakan ƙare da mutuwar kajin masu rauni.

Kite kajin a cikin gida

Bayan makonni biyar zuwa shida, sai suka fara motsawa tare da rassan, kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki sai su tashi jirginsu na gwaji na farko. Ba da daɗewa ba suna barin iyayensu har abada. A dabi'a, kwari suna gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar rayuwa, kuma yawanci yakan faru cewa manya, mutane masu tasiri suna rayuwa ne kawai shekara hudu ko biyar.

A matsakaici, rayuwar su kusan shekaru 14 ne. Amma yana faruwa cewa tsuntsayen da ke cikin daji suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 26. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau na ɗaukan bauta, tare da kulawa da ta dace, ƙungiyar zata iya rayuwa shekaru 38.

Bayyanar

Babban tsuntsu mai tsinkaye ya kai tsayin rabin mita, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin girma tsakanin kilogram ɗaya. Fuka-fukan suna da tsawo da fadi, kuma tsawonta yakai mita daya da rabi. Ana amfani da ƙugu ta hanyar katako mai fasalin da ƙugiya. Plarfin jan da zai iya samun launuka iri-iri, amma launin ruwan hoda da duhu sune suka fi yawa.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Muryar muryar ta yi kama da abin da ake so, amma a wasu lokutan tsuntsayen da ke cin ganu suna yin sautin abubuwa masu ban mamaki, waɗanda suke kama da yanayin tashin hankalin matashi.

• Baƙar fata. Shi talaka ne. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 50-60 cm, nauyinsa shine 800-1100 g, fuka-fukin fankon shine 140-155 cm tare da tsawon reshe na 41-51 cm.Kogin fata yana zaune ko'ina, kuma ya dogara da kewayonsa, tsuntsu zai iya ɗaukar duka duka wurin zama biyu kuma hoto ne mai ƙyalƙyali. na rayuwa.

Peungiyoyin kuɗaɗe na baƙar fata:

• Europeanungiyar Turai ta zaune a Turai (yankuna na kudu da tsakiyar ta) hunturu a cikin Afirka. Kansa yana da launin launi.
• Kan fararen baƙi, suna zaune a Siberiya, kan yankin Yankin Amur.
• Smallan ƙaramin baƙar Indiya da ke zaune a gabashin Pakistan, a cikin wurare masu zafi na Indiya, da Sri Lanka.
• Forktail kite, daga Papua da Gabashin Australia.
• Taron Taiwan ke yawo a Taiwan da Hainan.

Yankunan farauta daga cikin fararen baƙar fata sune farin ciki na daji, filaye, bankunan koguna da zurfin ruwa. Da wuya ya farauta a cikin daji. Kite hakar yana siffanta shi azaman polyphage. Kodayake babban abincinsa mai gopher ne, yana iya farautar kifaye, mice, ferrets, hamsters, shingehogs, lizards, ƙananan tsuntsaye (rafuka, baƙar fata, finki, mai yan itace), hares.

• Murmushi ta buga. Tana zaune da mazaunan Australia, New Caledonia da New Guinea. Tsuntsu ne na gandun daji mai haske, yana zaune kusa da ruwa. Gabaɗaya, yana haifar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, a cikin biocenosis iri ɗaya, duk da haka, yana iya wasu lokuta yayi ƙaura zuwa arewacin arewacin nahiyar yayin lokacin fari. Ya sami sunan barkwanci da godiya ga ɗabi'un hayaniya. Wannan tsuntsu yakan yi yawu a lokacin gudu da kuma yayin da yake cikin gida. Jin kukan mai kara ya yi kamar mai kuwwa da ƙarfi, halin mai daɗi, gaba kaɗan wasu ke gaje su, kowannensu ya fi wanda ya gabata. Abincinsu ya haɗa da dukkanin halittun da suke da ikon samowa: kifi, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu tsinkaye, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsuntsaye. Ba su ƙi kuma sun faɗi ba, kuma a cikin New Guinean kugunan ya zama rabon zaki daga abincin. Alaka na cin abinci a lokacin hunturu.

• Brahmin kite. Ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin Sri Lanka, Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya. Tana zaune a yankuna na wurare masu zafi / ƙasa, galibi gaɓar tekun.Wannan galibi tana zaune ne a cikin takin zamani iri ɗaya, amma tana iya yin jiragen sama na yanayi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da lokacin damina. Tushen abincin da tsuntsayen ke ɗaukar su shine kifaye, kifi da matattu. A wasu lokutan kan farauto hares, kifi da sata daga wasu mafarauta.
• Red buga. Girman matsakaici (tsayin jiki: 60-65 cm, tsawon: 175-195 cm). Akwai biyan kuɗi guda biyu. Yawancin matafiya sun bambanta a duk duniya: daga Scandinavia, Turai da kasashen CIS zuwa Afirka, tsibirin Canary da Caucasus. Ya fi son yanayin canjin yanayi, daɗaɗɗu da cakuda gandun daji kusa da filayen da filayen noma.
• Kafa biyu. Samu babban sunansa don haƙora 2 akan baki. Shi mai jan kafa ne. Girman masu girma, ƙananan matsakaici: 230 g. A baya can, an danganta shi da dangin falcon. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu zafi / na wurare masu zafi, daga yankin kudu na Mexico zuwa Brazil. Tana zaune a ko'ina cikin kewayon ta.
• Taya launin toka. Yanki a gabashin Mexico, Peru, Argentina, tsibirin Ptia, Trinidad. A cikin hunturu, kwari kudu. Dangin dangi ne na Mississippian, kodayake, ya bambanta da ita ta launi mai duhu na shuɗewa, da gefen fuka-fukai masu launin fata. Tana zaune a cikin savannah da ciyayi mai laushi. Babban abincin shine kwari kwari masu yawa a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi da dabbobi masu rarrafe iri iri. Ana daukar Miss Mississippi a matsayin tallafin. Yana zaune a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, yana ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen kudu. Ya fi son yanayin yanayi, yanayin ƙasa ne.
• Fitar cin abinci mai ƙwanƙwasa. Mahalli na Kudancin Amurka ta Tsakiya. Tsuntsayen matsakaici ne cikin girmansa, kuma tsawonsa ya kai tsawon 36-48 cm, fuka-fukai mai nauyin 100-120 cm da nauyin 350-550 g. Abincin kawai a gareta shine katantanwa, saboda abinda yake kafawa kusa da marshes da jikin ruwa. Ta amfani da bakin bakin ciki, mai yatsar baki, maharban ya cire mollusk daga cikin kwalin.

• Spiky buga. An rarraba shi cikin Australiya duka, amma ba mutane da yawa ba. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, amma wasu tsuntsaye suna yin tashin hankali. Abincinta ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari da kwari.
• Black-eared Kite. Mazauna arewacin Australia. A matsayinsa na mazaunin, ya zabi wani yanki mai cike da farin ciki, busassun ciyawa, busassun ciyawa da hamada. Itace babbar tsuntsayen Ostareliya wacce take da girman tsayi na 50-60 cm, reshe na sama da 145-155 cm, kuma nauyinta ya kai 1300 g. Abubuwan halittu, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da kuma mazaunata sune ganima. Zzar ƙanƙan da ke bugun baƙin-baki tana da ƙarfin zartar da dutse-sare tsuntsu mai kwan-kwanciya a ƙasa. Rayuwa da mazaunin Ba zai yuwu ba tsammani ko wannan tsuntsu ta ƙauye ce. Yawancin waɗannan ƙananan fuka-fukan da ke ƙaura suna ƙaura yayin hunturu, kuma kawai wasu nau'in, keɓaɓɓu ko daidaikun mutane suna yin rayuwar "dindindin". Mafi yawanci yana tashi zuwa Afirka da ƙasashen dumi na Asiya, wasu nau'ikan Australiya suna ƙaura a cikin nahiyar. Don gudu, kwari sun taru a cikin babban garken, wanda yake shi keɓaɓɓe ga tsuntsaye masu farauta. Abubuwan da aka samu na mutanen farko zuwa wuraren farauta ana lura da su a farkon bazara, a cikin Maris. A cikin ƙananan Dnieper, yana iya bayyana ko da daysan kwanaki a baya. Tashi ne yafi faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba da farkon Oktoba. Kungiyoyin kwantar da tarzoma ta Arewa sun iso daga baya a lokacin bazara, kuma suka tashi da wuri a cikin bazara, kwana 7-9 daga baya. Fiye da manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa an fi son su, wanda ya basu damar da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba wajen farauta da rayuwa. Kare filayen farauta don tsuntsaye ba abu bane mai sauki. Don kare gidajensu daga ɓoye 'yan uwansu, kisa sun rataye abubuwa masu haske a cikin begen ɓatar da su. A cikin bincike, waɗannan tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin sun sami damar yin kuka na dogon lokaci a sararin sama. Yawancin masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun iya sanin nau'in wasan daidai ta wurin jigilar abubuwa a sararin sama.

Habitat

Yankin rarrabawa na baƙar fata yana da babba. Yana zaune a Turai, da Asiya, da Afirka. Tana zaune a ƙasashen biyu masu zafi da kuma ƙarancin sanyi na Siber.

Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, fararen fata da ke zaune a yankuna na arewacin suna tashi zuwa lokacin hunturu zuwa Indiya da Ostiraliya, har zuwa Afirka, inda suke haɗuwa da kuɗaɗen baƙar fata na gida.

Zamu iya cewa wannan tsuntsu da ke cikin ganima yana ko'ina kuma ya ci nasara a duk duniya - ban da, watakila, yankin yankuna. A dabi'ance, a irin wannan kewayon, an kafa wasu kasashe da yawa.

Gidajen wuraren baƙin baƙi sune gandun daji da ciyawa iri-iri, yawanci a cikin yankin zama akwai wuraren ajiyar ruwa. Hakan yana faruwa cewa sun tashi zuwa ƙauyuka da birane.

Bishiyoyi kuma sharuddan ቅድመwa ne don abubuwan kites su rayu, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin ƙasa ba, yayin da suke gina mazaunin su.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Hoto: Black Kite

P. Boddert ya bayyana shi a cikin 1783 kuma ya karɓi sunan Latin Milvus migrans. Yawancin wannan nau'in wannan tsuntsu ya tsaya a waje, a cikin Rasha akwai guda biyu: ƙaura tare da kai mai haske, suna zaune a Turai da ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, layin da ke zaune a yankuna na gabashin gabashin Urals.

A baya can, an sanya kujeru, kamar sauran manyan tsuntsayen, don yin jigilar Falconiformes, amma daga baya masana kimiyya sun gano cewa yakamata a rarrabe Hawks - kodayake suna da sifofin da ke kawo kusancinsu da Falconiformes, wani layin juyin halitta ya haifar da kamanninsu. Ta hanyar wannan an keɓance shi ake tura kuɗaɗen. Ita, tare da wasu, alal misali, siffar mujiya da ƙamshi, an danganta su ne da maƙallan tsuntsayen Afirka, masu suna da wurin asali. Wannan reshe ya fita nan da nan bayan Cretaceous - Paleogene lalata, ko ma kai tsaye a gabanta.

Menene ma'anar fararen baƙi?

A hakika, abinda yake jikin tsuntsu bashi da baki baki daya, yana da duhu sosai. Tsawon jikin baƙar fata shine 48-58 santimita, tare da adadin 800 zuwa 1000 grams.

Fuka-fukan suna da tsawon santimita 40-50, kuma a cikin kewayon su ne santimita 145-155. Babban ado na waɗannan masu ƙaddara shine wutsiyarsu ta chic.

Maza da mace suna da adadin launuka iri ɗaya, amma maza sun fi ƙasƙanci da yawa a cikin mace. Jiki ya yi duhu launin ruwan hoda, kuma ɓangaren na kai yana da haske. Kirji da ciki sun fi na baya baya. Wutsiya mai launin shuɗi, baki yana da shuɗi, ƙarshensa baƙi ne. Kafafu suna rawaya.

Blackan fararen fata shine mai kashe kwari da ƙwayoyi.

Dangantaka da mutum

Kite - tsuntsu mai kaifin hankali wanda yake jin haɗari. Kama shi a cikin yanayi yana da matukar wahala: lura da wata barazana, har abada ta bar wurin da ba shi da haɗari. Yana nisantar mutane.

Zai yuwu a kama koran kuma a ajiye shi a gida, amma wannan yana da wuya. Suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali, babban filin rayuwa, tsuntsaye suna cikin abinci, suna iya kai hari ga mutum.

A wasu halaye, samun mutum mara lafiya, mutum zai iya fita ya yi tsuntsu. Mafi sau da yawa, ana ba tsuntsayen da aka dawo dasu gidan zoos. Idan akwai dama da sha'awar, ana iya siyan ƙananan gidaje daga kwararru.

Kite salon rayuwa da abinci

Wadannan tsuntsaye wasu lokuta suna sace kaji.
Wadannan tsuntsayen sune mafarauta, kuma gabaɗaya abubuwa. Baƙin kuɗaɗe suna ba da fata a kan ƙwayoyin cuta, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe har ma da jigilar yara. Abin da aka fi so - kajin sauran tsuntsaye. Baƙin fata ma yakan kama tsuntsayen manya idan sun ƙanƙane a kan girman kansu.

A matsayin mazaunin maza, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaɓan wurare kusa da jikin ruwa, an zaɓi fifiko ga ciyawar makiyaya. Tabbatar samun dogayen bishiyoyi a nan kusa, musamman idan yazo da lokacin farawar. Baƙin fata na tashi kamar yadda ya kamata, suna ɗan fiɗa fikafikan su.

Baƙin fata yana da matukar amfani ga aikin gona, kamar yadda suke lalata goho da kwari masu cutarwa. Amma mutane suna da ra’ayi mara kyau ga waɗannan mafarautan, tunda suna satar kaji da kaji.

Blackarƙar baƙar fata baƙar fata ce mai iko.

Abin da ke ci

Babban abincin abincin da ake yanka shine ɗaukar kaya - gawawwakin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, macizai, da kuma sharar dabbobi iri-iri. Tsuntsayen har ila yau suna son cin kwari, galibi abinda suke farauta shine kwaroron roba, ko wasu tsuntsaye. Bugu da kari, kwari sun hada da kifaye masu rai, crustaceans, mollusks da tsutsotsi a cikin abincinsu.

Abincin dabbobi yana da amfani a cikin cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen da ke cin ganima suna da tsari kamar tsari a cikin gandun daji da tafkunan, yayin da suke lalata dabbobin da ba su da lafiya, kifi, da gawawwakinsu. Irin wannan abincin sau da yawa ya wuce yiwuwar cutar daga gaskiyar cewa kites lokaci-lokaci suna cin naman dabbobi, kajin ko ƙananan tsuntsaye.

Kites kuma zai iya cutar da mutane yayin satar kaji, kaji ko gulma. Don hana irin waɗannan hare-hare, manoma galibi suna amfani da magungunan kashe tsuntsaye na musamman.

Kites tsuntsaye ne marasa hankali, suna farauta da kyau, amma da wuya su yi hakan. Mafi sau da yawa, kwari suna lura da halayyar wasu dabbobi da tsuntsayen da ke neman ganima, har ma mutane, alal misali, kallon masunta, kyanda suna samun wuraren da ke da kifaye don kansu.

Ta yaya kiwo baƙar fata yake faruwa?

Wadannan tsuntsayen suna isa wuraren da ake farawa daga Kudancin Asia da Afirka a cikin watan Afrilu, lokacin da har yanzu akwai dusar ƙanƙara a wurare. Za a iya samun madauran baƙar fata ba kawai a cikin yanki mai katako ba, har ma a kusa da ƙauyuka. Har ma suna tashi zuwa kananan garuruwa.

Baƙin fata kuliyoyi suna kwanƙwai ƙwai ko a cikin sheƙarsu ko a cikin shimfidar tsuntsayen da aka jefa. Masu gandun daji na inganta su, rufe su da ciyawa, takarda da gashinsa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, baƙar fata kuɗaɗuran shimfiɗauran gida a kan bishiyoyi, amma kuma suna iya gina su akan duwatsu. Gidaje na kusa da nisan nisan mita 10-15 daga ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, diamita na gida bai wuce mita 1 ba. Irin waɗannan masu girma dabam suna ɗan ƙaramin dangi zuwa girman tsuntsu da kanta.

Gida na baki baki.

Mace suna sa ƙwai a farkon watan Mayu. Kwanciya, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya ƙunshi qwai 2-4, amma akasarinsu 2-3 qwai, a lokuta mafi ƙaran adadinsu ya kai 5. Launi na ƙwai suna da fari tare da ɗimbin launin shuɗi da kuma ɗimbin haske mai haske. Girman kwai yana da girma fiye da akwatin wasa.

Lokacin shiryawa yana kimanin watanni 1.5. Mace galibi tana shiga cikin zubarwa, kuma wani lokaci namiji yakan maye gurbinsa. Kayan kaji suna cikin gida don kwanaki 40-45, bayan haka sun fara tashi. A shekara ta 2 ta rayuwa, baƙar fata tana da balaga. Tsawon rayuwa a cikin daji shine shekaru 23-25.

1. A baki baki. Shi talaka ne. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 50-60 cm, nauyi - 800-1100 g, fikafikan 140-155 cm tare da tsawon reshe na 41-51 cm.

Mazaunan baƙar fata ko'ina, ya dogara da yankin tsuntsu na iya haifar da zaman kashe wando da salon rayuwar mazaje.

Saurari muryar baƙar fata

Peungiyoyin kuɗaɗe na baƙar fata:

• Europeanungiyar Turai ta zaune a Turai (yankuna na kudu da tsakiyar ta) hunturu a cikin Afirka. Kansa yana da launin launi.
• Kan fararen baƙi, suna zaune a Siberiya, kan yankin Yankin Amur.
• Smallan ƙaramin baƙar Indiya da ke zaune a gabashin Pakistan, a cikin wurare masu zafi na Indiya, da Sri Lanka.
• Forktail kite, daga Papua da Gabashin Australia.
• Taron Taiwan ke yawo a Taiwan da Hainan.

Hoto sune Forktail Kite

Yankunan farauta daga cikin fararen baƙar fata sune farin ciki na daji, filaye, bankunan koguna da zurfin ruwa. Da wuya ya farauta a cikin daji. Kite hakar yana siffanta shi azaman polyphage.

Kodayake babban abincinsa mai gopher ne, yana iya farautar kifaye, mice, ferrets, hamsters, shingehogs, lizards, ƙananan tsuntsaye (rafuka, baƙar fata, finki, mai yan itace), hares.

2. Whistler Kite. Tana zaune da mazaunan Australia, New Caledonia da New Guinea. Tsuntsu ne na gandun daji mai haske, yana zaune kusa da ruwa. Gabaɗaya, yana haifar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, a cikin biocenosis iri ɗaya, duk da haka, yana iya wasu lokuta yayi ƙaura zuwa arewacin arewacin nahiyar yayin lokacin fari.

Ya sami sunan barkwanci da godiya ga ɗabi'un hayaniya. Wannan tsuntsu yakan yi yawu a lokacin gudu da kuma yayin da yake cikin gida. Kite yayi kururuwa sautin ya yi kama da sautin kara, mai sanyin hali, wanda wasu ke gaje su biye da su, kowane ya fi na baya.

Abincinsu ya haɗa da dukkanin halittun da suke da ikon samowa: kifi, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu tsinkaye, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsuntsaye. Ba su ƙi kuma sun faɗi ba, kuma a cikin New Guinean kugunan ya zama rabon zaki daga abincin. Alaka na cin abinci a lokacin hunturu.

3. Buran Brahmin. Ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin Sri Lanka, Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya. Tana zaune a yankuna na wurare masu zafi / ƙasa, galibi gefen tekun.

Yawancin lokaci suna rayuwa a cikin biocenosis iri ɗaya, amma suna iya yin jiragen sama na yanayi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da lokacin damina. Tushen abincin da tsuntsayen ke ɗaukar su shine kifaye, kifi da matattu. A wasu lokutan kan farauto hares, kifi da sata daga wasu mafarauta.

4. Red buga. Girman matsakaici (tsayin jiki: 60-65 cm, tsawon: 175-195 cm). Akwai biyan kuɗi guda biyu. Yawancin matafiya sun bambanta a duk duniya: daga Scandinavia, Turai da kasashen CIS zuwa Afirka, tsibirin Canary da Caucasus. Ya fi son yanayin canjin yanayi, daɗaɗɗu da cakuda gandun daji kusa da filayen da filayen noma.

Saurari muryar murhun jan

5. Kusa da kafa biyu. Samu babban sunansa don haƙora 2 akan baki. Shi mai jan kafa ne. Girman masu girma, ƙananan matsakaici: 230 g. A baya can, an danganta shi da dangin falcon. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu zafi / na wurare masu zafi, daga yankin kudu na Mexico zuwa Brazil. Tana zaune a ko'ina cikin kewayon ta.

6. Kyau mai launin toka. Yanki a gabashin Mexico, Peru, Argentina, tsibirin Ptia, Trinidad. A cikin hunturu, kwari kudu. Dangin dangi ne na Mississippian, kodayake, ya bambanta da ita ta launi mai duhu na shuɗewa, da gefen fuka-fukai masu launin fata.

Tana zaune a cikin savannah da ciyayi mai laushi. Babban abincin shine kwari kwari masu yawa a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi da dabbobi masu rarrafe iri iri.

Karan Mississippi yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mayu. Yana zaune a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, yana ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen kudu. Ya fi son yanayin yanayi, yanayin ƙasa ne.

7. Mai cin duri. Mahalli na Kudancin Amurka ta Tsakiya. Tsuntsayen matsakaici ne cikin girmansa, kuma tsawonsa ya kai tsawon 36-48 cm, fuka-fukai mai nauyin 100-120 cm da nauyin 350-550 g. Abincin kawai a gareta shine katantanwa, saboda abinda yake kafawa kusa da marshes da jikin ruwa. Ta amfani da bakin bakin ciki, mai yatsar baki, maharban ya cire mollusk daga cikin kwalin.

8. Spongy buga. An rarraba shi cikin Australiya duka, amma ba mutane da yawa ba. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, amma wasu tsuntsaye suna yin tashin hankali. Abincinta ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari da kwari.

9. Kyau mai launin baƙi. Mazauna arewacin Australia. A matsayinsa na mazaunin, ya zabi wani yanki mai cike da farin ciki, busassun ciyawa, busassun ciyawa da hamada. Ita ce mafi girman tsuntsu a Australia wanda ke da girman tsayi na 50-60 cm, fuka-fuki mai nauyin 145-155, kuma nauyinsa ya kai 1300 g.

Ganimarsa halittu ne masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da kuma mazauninta. Zzar ƙanƙan da ke bugun baƙin-baki tana da ƙarfin zartar da dutse-sare tsuntsu mai kwan-kwanciya a ƙasa. Rayuwa & Habitat

Ba shi yiwuwa a tantance shin wannan tsuntsu bawon jujjuyawar yake. Yawancin waɗannan ƙananan fuka-fukan da ke ƙaura suna ƙaura yayin hunturu, kuma kawai wasu nau'in, keɓaɓɓu ko daidaikun mutane suna yin rayuwar "dindindin". Mafi yawanci yana tashi zuwa Afirka da ƙasashen dumi na Asiya, wasu nau'ikan Australiya suna ƙaura a cikin nahiyar.

Don gudu, kwari sun taru a cikin babban garken, wanda yake shi keɓaɓɓe ga tsuntsaye masu farauta. Abubuwan da aka samu na mutanen farko zuwa wuraren farauta ana lura da su a farkon bazara, a cikin Maris. A cikin ƙananan Dnieper, yana iya bayyana ko da daysan kwanaki a baya.

Tashi ne yafi faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba da farkon Oktoba. Kungiyoyin kwantar da tarzoma ta Arewa sun iso daga baya a lokacin bazara, kuma suka tashi da wuri a cikin bazara, kwana 7-9 daga baya.

Wa] ansu jama'ar sun yi imanin cewa, kukan, suna kunna wuta zuwa dazuzzukan, suna jefa kansu da wuta, don haka suna “shan sigari” daga mafaka

Fiye da manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa an fi son su, wanda ya basu damar da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba wajen farauta da rayuwa. Kare filayen farauta don tsuntsaye ba abu bane mai sauki. Don kare gidajensu daga ɓoye 'yan uwansu, kisa sun rataye abubuwa masu haske a cikin begen ɓatar da su.

A cikin bincike, waɗannan tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin sun sami damar yin kuka na dogon lokaci a sararin sama. Yawancin masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun iya sanin nau'in wasan daidai ta wurin jigilar abubuwa a sararin sama.

Jinsunan Kite

Korshuna da ke cikin mafi ƙasƙanci da ke wakilta ana wakilta ta abubuwa guda bakwai da kusan nau'ikan goma sha huɗu:

• Brahmin kite (Naustur indus) Tsuntsu mai matsakaici ne mai girman kai. Tsofaffi suna da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi, har da farin kai da kirji,
• Whistler Kite (Naliastur srhenurus) Shin mai matsakaicin tsinkaye ne mai girman rana. Tsararren tsuntsu yana da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kirji da wutsiya, har da fuka-fuki mai launin shuɗi da gashin fuka-fuki,
• Baƙar fata (Milvus ƙaura) - mai fara'a daga cikin dangin shaho. A launi da girma tsuntsaye ne halin da duhu launin ruwan kasa da baya, ya yi kambi kambi tare da gaban baki, gangara launin ruwan kasa firam fari, launin ruwan kasa ventral gefen tare da m tinge. Wannan tallafin ya hada da biyan kuɗi: Kite na Turai (Milvus migrans migrans), Black-eared Kite (Hanyar wucewa ta Milvus), Indianaramin Indian Kite (Milvus migrans govinda) da Taiwan Kite (Milvus migrans formosanus),
• Red buga (Milvus milvus) - Tsuntsu mai matsakaici-mai girman kai. Yankin kai da wuyansa wuyan launin toka ne. Tumbi a jikin, a cikin wutsiya babba da kowane gashin fuka-fukai tan ne, kasancewar akwai alamun fari mai duhu a kirji,
• Mai ci da tarkon ɓoye-ciye ko kuma cinikin jama'a (Rostrhamus sosiabilis) - maharbin gashin tsuntsu wanda aka ware shi a cikin wata ta asali daban kuma ta shahara da nuna bambanci. Maza suna da kayan aikin toka-baƙar fata, wutsiya mai laushi tare da kasancewar doguwar baƙar fata. Alloli da idanu suna ja. Mace a cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa tare da gudana mai launin ruwan kasa. Halin fasalin nau'in halitta shine sifa na musamman na bakin bakin bakin ciki, wanda ya kasance yana jujjuyawa kuma ana iya karkatar da kai zuwa gindi.

Hakanan, ga Kif ɗin subfamily sune nau'in wakilcin Chernogrudym kanyukovym kite (Namirostra melanosternon), ƙwararra biyu mai kafaɗa (Narragus bidentatus) Ryzhebokim bidentate kite (Narragus diodon), Mississippi kite (Istinia mississirriensis), bluia kite Lorkhoistini isura).

Habitat, mazauni

Ana samun wuraren wasan Brahmin a cikin yankin ƙasashen Indiya, da kuma a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya. Kirkiro mai rarrafe shine tsuntsu na gandun daji wanda ya gwammace su zauna kusa da ruwa. Kites na cin duri mai yawa yakan rayu a fadama, inda suke zama cikin gungun mutane shida zuwa goma. Wani lokaci a cikin mulkin yawan mutane ya kai ɗaruruwan nau'i-nau'i.

An rarraba launin baƙar fata a Afirka, ban da Sahara, har ma a Madagascar, a cikin yankuna masu zafi da kudanci na Asiya. Za a iya samun tsuntsayen wannan nau'in har ma a wasu tsibiran, a cikin Rasha da kuma Ukraine. A cikin Palaearctic, baƙin baki shine tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, yayin da a wasu wuraren yankin kiwo ana rarrabe su azaman tsuntsayen mazauna.

Kudancin Turai sun yi asali a tsakiya, gabas da kudanci Turai, da kuma hunturu na musamman a Afirka. Kan fararen fata masu launin baƙi ana samun su sosai a Siberiya, kuma mazaunin Smallan ƙaramar Indian ana wakilta ta gabashin Pakistan, Indiya mai zafi da Sri Lanka zuwa Penasashen Malay.

Cin abinci

Tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin dabbobi, galibi suna zaune ne a yankuna masu lalacewa da kuma bakin teku, galibi sune masu jan hankali, amma sun fi son kifaye da kifayen. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, wadannan wakilan subfamily na iya kama jemage da ƙone, da kuma cin ganima daga wasu tsuntsayen masu tsinkaye. Wani lokacin sukan ci zuma suna lalata amya na ƙudan zuma.

Kan kukan masu rarrafe suna cin kusan duk abin da zasu iya kamawa, gami da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi da tsuntsayen, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma nau'ikan kwari da crustaceans, amma kada ku ƙi ƙin yarda. Abincin kawai na babban ƙaramar cin abinci shine mollusks, diamita wanda shine 30-40 mm.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kuta-mai saurin ɓoyewa yakan kama abincinsa da sanyin safiya ko yamma. Tsuntsu ta cire katantanwa daga kwasfa ta amfani da beak mai tsawo.

Duk da girman da yake da shi, jan jan bashi da saurin kishi, haka kuma mara karfi da girmanta idan aka kwatanta da sauran magabatan fulocin, wadanda suka hada da manyan ungulu. Yayin aiwatar da farauta, tsuntsun yana yin ihu a wani tsayin da ba shi da ƙima kuma yana neman wasan ƙarami.Tunda ya gano abincinsa, maharbar kamar dutse ta fadi, bayan haka ta kama ganima mai kaifi. Abubuwan farauta sune galibi ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma mayukan ƙasa. Wasu lokuta ana amfani da garken abinci azaman abinci, musamman ragowar raguna.

Kiwo da zuriya

Brahmin keya gida akan bishiyoyi daban-daban, amma lokaci-lokaci suna iya gina mazaunin a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire, kai tsaye a ƙasa. Kowane kama yana wakilta da farin datti biyu ko farin digo-fari, wanda game da makonni huɗu bayan haka kajin sun bayyana. Iyaye suna ciyar da yara tare.

Girman kukan-huɗɗa yayi kama da manyan dandamali da aka yi da rassan kuma ya yi liyi da ganye mai launin kore. Irin wannan gida yana kammalawa, bayan wannnan wasu tsuntsaye ke amfani da su daga shekara zuwa shekara, kuma mace yawanci tana sanya ƙwai biyu ko uku na launin farar fata mai launin shuɗi. Shiryawa yana ɗan ɗan wata daya. Offspringan fari na cin duri mai farin ciki ya bayyana ne kawai yana da shekaru biyu zuwa huɗu. Ana gina ciyayi a cikin cokali na bishiyoyi kamar itacen oak, linden ko kannir, a tsayi mai tsayi sama da ƙasa. A shekarar, offspringa onean mutum guda ne kawai ke bayyana, wanda mace ce kawai ke yin ɗanta.

Gida mai nunin fare-fare akan mayukan girke-girke, kan dazuzzuka da bishiyoyi, da kuma tsibiran da ke tsakanin fadama. Gida na wannan nau'in yana da rauni sosai, saboda haka yawancin lokaci yakan rushe a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska ko ruwan sama. A cikin ɗayan ɓoye, akwai ƙwai uku ko huɗu na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da aibi launin ruwan kasa. Haɗuwa da mahaifan biyu ke ɗaukar kimanin makonni huɗu. Hakanan kaji da mata suna ciyar da su.

Abokan halitta

Duk da gaskiyar cewa kwansar Brahmin suna da ikon kai hari a cikin garken ko da a cikin manyan magabatansu, har ma da gaggafa, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna shan wahala sosai daga yanayin halittar Kurodaia, Colroserhalum da Degereriella. Hakanan, babban abin da ke iyakance yawan mutane shi ne lalata yanayin rayuwa da kuma rashin wadatar abinci.

A cikin yanayin halitta, kwari suna da babban adadin abokan gaba, waɗanda babban su ke wakilta ta hanyar manyan masu farauta. A bayyane yake, da yawa lalacewar yawan ɗaruruwan abubuwan da ke daɗaɗauran gida wanda ke cikin gundarin anthropogenic na wuri mai faɗi an yi shi ne ta hanyar launin toka, yana lalata gida da ƙwai a farkon matakai na shiryawa. Hakanan, ana nazarin nazarin yanayin tsinkaye na marten ko ƙauna.

Koyaya, babban abin da ke shafar adadin waɗannan tsuntsayennn birrai, kamar mutane, mutane ne. Da kadan daga cikin tsuntsaye mallakar wannan subfamily mutu a kan layin wutar lantarki da babban iko. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, wasu tsuntsayen manya sun sha wahala sosai da guba ta hanyar da ke kunshe da sinadarai masu guba da ke tattare da sinadarai masu guba.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

IUCN ya lissafa matsayin Brahmin a matsayin mafi ƙarancin nau'in damuwa. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna na Java, jimlar adadin wannan nau'in yana tsayawa da kwanciyar hankali a hankali.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Yawan nau'in Kite-whistler yana haifar da ƙarancin damuwa, kuma jimlar adadin mutane masu launin ja sun faɗi sosai.

Babban dalilin raguwar adadin tsuntsaye shine kokarin irin wadannan tsuntsayen mutane, raguwa da inganci da amfani da tattalin arziƙin ƙasa wanda ya dace da farauta. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yawan jama'a a arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar Turai sun nuna wasu alamun murmurewa.

Biyan kuɗi

• Yankin van tawaye Milvus(Boddaert, 1783): Kudin Turai

Yadu a tsakiya, kudu da gabashin Turai zuwa Tien Shan da kudu zuwa Pakistan. Masu cin nasara a Afirka. Shugaban yana da haske.

• Milvus migrans lineatus(J. E. Grey, 1831): Black-eared Kite

Siberiya zuwa Yankin Amur kudu zuwa Himalayas, zuwa Arewacin Indiya, Indochina da kuma Kudancin China.

• Milvus migrans govinda(Sykes, 1832): Kan ƙaramar india

Gabashin Pakistan, Indiya mai zafi da Sri Lanka zuwa Indochina da Malay Peninsula.

• Milvus migrans affinis(Gould, 1838): Maimaita yatsa

Sulawesi da wataƙila Papua New Guinea banda tsaunuka, Northeast da Gabashin Australia.

• Milvus migrant formosanus(Kuroda, 1920): Kofin Taiwan

Taiwan da Hainan, suka zauna.

Yaɗa

Aka rarrabu a Afirka (sai Sahara) da Madagascar, a yankin kudu maso gabas na Asiya, a wasu tsibirai, musamman akan Philippine, Sulawesi, New Guinea, da Arewacin Ostiraliya. An bazu ko'ina cikin Russia da Ukraine. A cikin gandun daji-steppe zone kusa da manyan koguna a lokacin farauta ana samun sau da yawa koda a tsakiyar manyan biranen, misali, Novosibirsk da Barnaul. A cikin Palearctic, tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura, a wasu sassan yankin kiwo an zauna dashi.

Ina neƙar baƙar fata ke zaune?

Hoto: Tsuntsu mai baƙar fata

Yankin sa ya ƙunshi manyan sarari waɗanda za a iya rarrabuwa zuwa rukuni uku: yankuna da suke rayuwa a cikin shekara-shekara, wuraren hutawa na rani, wuraren rani. Wato, wani ɓangare na kuɗaɗen ba ƙaura ba ne, amma galibinsu suna tashi ne saboda hunturu.

Duk shekara zagaye zauna a:

Kawai a filin filayen suna tashi zuwa Palearctic - a cikin hunturu akwai sanyi a can. A lokacin bazara, kites suna zaune a yankuna na:

• wani muhimmin sashi na Rasha,
• Tsakiyar Asiya
• Turkiyya
• mafi yawan kasashe a Turai,
• Arewa maso Yamma.

Wani ɓangare, yankuna da suke sa hibernate sun zo daidai da waɗanda ke da yawan mazaunan kites na rayuwa, amma mafi yawan lokuta sun banbanta saboda buƙatar bincika ƙasa kyauta. Don haka, akasarin kugunan sama sun yi birgima a cikin Saharar Afirka, inda yawan dindindin ya ke kaɗan. Wannan lamari ya shafi yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya: Siriya, Iraki, kudancin Iran - a lokacin rani babu ko bakaken fata a ciki. Yawancin matasa matasa suna yin bazara a can, kuma bayan lokaci kuma suka fara tashi zuwa arewa.

A Rasha, suna zaune a yankuna masu yawa, amma ba a daidaita ba: suna da ɗanɗano a cikin tsibirin na arewacin, sun fi yawa a ɓangaren yamma da kuma a cikin Urals, kuma galibi suna zaune a cikin yankuna na gaba. Ga manyan tsuntsayen ganima, baƙon abu bane cewa kwastomomi sukan taru a cikin manyan garkuna don ƙaura. Sun fi so su zauna a cikin shimfidar wuraren da aka cakuda, wato, waɗanda akwai bushes da bishiyoyi, amma kuma wuraren budewa, ma. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji. A matsayinka na mulkin, ana iya samun kwari a kusa da jikkunan ruwa, galibi suma suna zaune kusa da ƙauyuka. Zasu iya har gida a cikin garuruwa kai tsaye, gami da manyan.

Yanzu kun san inda aka samo baƙar fata. Bari mu bincika abin da wannan maƙiyin yake ci.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Black Kite a sararin sama

Kites sun sami damar yin iyo a cikin sama na dogon lokaci, ba tare da yin fuka-fuki ba - kuma wannan ya yi daidai da yanayin su, saboda jinkirin ne kuma ba sa son yin ƙarin motsi. Suna kashe wani bangare na rana ta wannan hanyar, a hankali kuma suna ta birgima a cikin iska. Wani lokaci sukan tashi zuwa wannan babban tsayi wanda ba zai yiwu a rarrabe shi da ƙasa ba. Sauran ɓangaren rana an keɓe su don neman abinci: suna tashi a duk yankin su kuma suna neman ɓarkewa da farko, saboda ba kwa buƙatar farauta ta. Ko linzamin kwamfuta ya mutu, masunta sun bar kifi a bakin gaci, ko kogin ya jefa gawar dabbar a kanta - ga akuyar, wannan duk abinci ne.

Idan bai sami waɗannan kyaututtukan ba, to, yana duban dabbobin da suke raye. Ya fi so ya nemi dabbobi da suka raunana wadanda suka bar mafarautan, amma suka raunana. Kodayake dabbobi masu lafiya suna cikin haɗari - kawai gaɓar tsuntsu, da ƙuƙwalwar shimfidar dama can: yana da sauri kuma yana da matukar tsufa. Kite tsuntsaye ne mai ƙasa kuma ya kamata yana da yankin farautarsa. Amma mafi yawan lokuta basu isa ga kowa ba, an bar wasu ba tare da ƙasarsu ba kuma dole ne su nemi abinci a wasu “asashe”. Wannan na iya haifar da fada tsakanin tsuntsaye. Kite yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 14-18, zaka kuma iya haduwa da tsoffin tsuntsayen da suka tsawan shekaru 25 zuwa 28, kuma a zaman bauta suna iya rayuwa har zuwa 35-38.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kasancewar kayan adon a gidan da aka nuna yana nuna karfinta: kamar yadda suke, kuma suna kara haske, suna da karfi tsuntsu. Amma sauran kites kuma suna kai hari ga masu kyawawan gidajen nishaɗi mafi tsananin ƙarfi, idan da kaɗan, yanke shawarar yin hakan. Idan harba ta yi rauni kuma baya son faɗa, to sai ya bar gida ba tare da kayan adon ba.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Black Kite

Lokacin kiwo yana farawa daga bazara - kai tsaye bayan dawowar tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura zuwa arewa. Kites suna gina gida akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi suna zaɓar wurare a tsayin mita 10 10-12. Suna ƙoƙarin shirya gidan don ba shi da ma'ana, sun fi son sassan dajin a cikin daji inda ba wuya kowa ya kasance. Za su iya yin gida a kan kankara. Gida kansa zai iya zama babba - 0.6-1.2 m a diamita, kuma har zuwa rabin tsayi mita, a cikin lokuta mafi wuya har ma mafi girma. Tsuntsu yana tuna wurin da sheƙ yake kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa zai koma gareshi har sai ya tsufa da rashin dogara. A lokaci guda, daga shekara zuwa shekara ana kammala sheke kuma yana ƙaruwa sosai.

A matsayin kayan don sa, anyi amfani da beraye, sandunansu, ciyawa da tarkace iri iri da za'a iya samo su. Nests za a iya located biyu a nesa daga juna, kuma densely, da yawa dozin a cikin bishiyoyi makwabta - na biyu ne mafi halayyar wurare na akai mazauninsu. A cikin ɗayan juzu'i ɗaya, yawanci daga ƙwai 2 zuwa 4, harsashi yana da fari, kusan koyaushe akwai alamun launin ruwan kasa a kanta. Mace na ƙyashe ƙwai, kuma namiji yana ɗaukar abinci kuma yana kare gida.

Lokacin kiyayya shine makonni 4-5. A wannan lokacin, mace tayi kokarin nuna hali a hankali. Idan mutum ya bayyana a kusa, yana iya yin ƙasa don kada ya bashe shi kamar wucewa. Ko kuma ya ci gaba a gaba da da'irori a karamin nesa, yana kallonsa, wani lokacin ma yana kururuwa a hankali. Idan ya yanke shawara cewa za su kai wa mazauni hari, sai ya zama mai zafin rai kuma ya kai hari ga mai laifin: yana yi masa barazanar kai shi ko ma ya yi ƙoƙarin tsaga fuskarsa da tafin hannu da toka a bayan sa. Idan mutum ya fito fili aka zaɓi shi musamman don mazaunin kuma yana iya ganinsa, itesungiyoyin za su tuna da shi kuma za su iya bin sa.

Akwai lokuta yayin da tsuntsayen birni suka yi tururu don irin waɗannan mutanen kowace rana kuma suna ƙoƙari su kai hari, duk da cewa ba su cutar da gida da mazaunan ba. Amma an fi rarrabe irin wannan zaluncin da mutanen Indiya da na Afirka ke yi, a koyaushe suna zaune a kudu, kuma farauta a Rasha sun fi samun kwanciyar hankali. Fluff na farko na kajin yana da launin shuɗi, na biyu shine launin toka. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, suna da rikice-rikice, suna yin faɗa a tsakanin su, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar waɗanda suka raunana - wannan yawanci yakan faru ne idan akwai su da yawa.

Da mako 5-6, suka fara fita daga gida, kuma ba da daɗewa ba sun fara yunƙurin tashi sama. Lokacin da ya kai watanni biyu da haihuwa, sun zama manya isa ya zauna daban, kuma da kaka sun riga sun girma zuwa kusan girman tsuntsu girma kuma yawanci tashi zuwa kudu a tsakanin karshen - tashi daga cikin kwari fara a watan Agusta kuma ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar kaka.

Ara aku

Sunan Latin:	Milvinae
Sunan Turanci:	Kite
Masarauta:	Dabbobi
Nau'i:	Chordate
Class:	Tsuntsaye
Kamewa:	Hawk-kamar
Iyali:	Hawk
Subfamily:	Kuraje
HALITTA a cikin subfamily:	Brahmin kites (Haliastur), Black-chested Buzzard Kites (Hamirostra), Kwallan Kwalba (Harpagus), Buƙatun launin toka (Ictinia), Spiked Kites (Lophoictinia), Real Kites (Milvus), Kites na cin duri (Rostrhamus)
Tsayin jiki:	34—66 cm
Tsawon tsawon:	41—66 cm
Wingspan:	123—180 cm
Weight:	370—1100 g

Lambar

Baƙin fata suna fama da ci gaban masana'antu.
Yawan jama'a a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun ragu sosai, yayin da mafi girman yanayin ya ci gaba a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, amma a wasu yankuna yawan jama'a ya ragu.

An yi bayanin wannan raguwa ta hanyar amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin ayyukan noma. Misali, a kasar Sin, an samo wani abu mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci a jikin gawawwakin baƙar fata. Wataƙila, ƙwayoyin mercury suna shiga cikin yanayin halitta sakamakon masana'antar sunadarai.

Ya bayyana cewa wayewar ɗan adam a hankali yana lalata yawancin ɗumbin jama'a, kuma yana da matukar wahala a gyara halin da ake ciki yanzu.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti wani sashi kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Bayanin Bird

Kites manyan dabbobi ne masu farautarsu, sun kai tsayin kusan rabin mita a tsayi, kuma nauyin manya ya kai 1 kg. Fukaffika fikaffi ne da tsayi, fikafikan naki 1.5 m.

Gwanin ƙugu yana da fasali, mai rauni, ƙafafu gajeru. Launin launin shudi a cikin kwari shine mafi yawan bambance-bambancen, galibi sautuna masu duhu da launin ruwan kasa sun fi yawa a ciki, ƙarancin fari ko ja.

Muryar Kite (Haliastur sphenurus)

Tsuntsu ya matsakaici matsakaici tare da ƙaramin kai da dogon wutsiya. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kasance daga 50 zuwa 60 cm, fuka-fuki ya kai cm 146. Yawan yana cikin kewayon daga 380 zuwa 1050 g. Mace sun fi maza girma, amma ba sa bambanta da launi mai launi. A cikin manya, kai, nono da wutsiya launin rawaya mai duhu a launi, fuka-fuki suna launin ruwan kasa, tare da gashin fuka-fukan fuka-fuki. Tsuntsayen matasa sun bambanta, tare da ratsi launin ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi da alamuran fuka-fuki a fuka-fukan. Ba a nuna hoton ba, ba haske, gajera.

Jinsi ya zama ruwan dare a Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, inda yake zaune a cikin gandun daji wanda ke kusa da jikin ruwa. Tsuntar tsuntsaye.

Tsuntsu ya sami sunan sa saboda yawan sautin kukan da yake fitarwa yayin jirgin.

Zaman Lafiya (Rostrhamus socabilis)

Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga 35 zuwa 42 cm, nauyi ya kai g 400. Wannan nau'in yana da ƙarancin jima'i. A cikin maza, kayan aikin shine launin baƙi-baƙar fata, wutsiyar launin shuɗi ce mai launi iri ɗaya mai faɗaɗɗen baki. Idanun da kafafu suna ja. Matan suna nuna launin ruwan kasa da ruwan hoda. An bambanta jinsunan ta bakin baki tare da katako mai zurfi mai zurfi, wanda aka lanƙwasa, wanda ya isa ga tsuntsu ya sami sahunnun kwayar halittaccen ruwan halittar Pomacea daga gabobin ta.

Wurin zama nau'in jinsin ya hada da Florida Peninsula, Cuba, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.

Kuri'a

Muryar kwanson sauti kamar sauti na karin sauti “yurl-yurl-yurrl” da kuma maimaitawa “key-ki”. Hakanan, tsuntsayen suna yin sauti mai sauti, suna da kama sosai kuma suna yin kama da maƙamin babban tururi.

Mafi saurin daga cikin kuɗaɗen - ƙyallen ƙyallen - sau da yawa yakan yi ihu yayin jirgin, kuma ko da a zaune a kan gida. Muryarsa a bayyane take, mai sa kwantar da hankalin sa, sai ya bi sahun sauri.

Bayanan Gaske

• A Indonesia, ana kiran tsuntsu "Elang Bondol", masarautar Jakarta ce.
• Mazaunan Indiya suna ɗaukar abin da keɓaɓɓun kamar shunin tsuntsu mai tsarki Vishnu - Garuda.
• Daya daga cikin tsibiran Malaysia shine mai suna bayan Brahmin kite.