Masarawa na d considered a suna ɗayan falcon a matsayin allah Chorus - majiɓincin makiya. A al'adun Inca, wannan tsuntsu alama ce ta rana. Tarihin Slavic ya cika da nassoshi a gare shi alama ce ta ƙarfin hali da girmamawa. A cikin Turkawa, wannan shine ran mai shi, wanda baya iya sayarwa ko asara. Hatta ɗayan almara yana cewa ikon Khan Tokhtamysh wanda ba shi iyawa ya ɓoye cikin falsafann sa biyu. A cikin labarin, zamu sami kusanci da wannan tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa kuma mu gano fasalinsa.
Bayanin Falcon
Wannan shine babban tsuntsayen fikafikan duniya.. Falcon din ya sami damar motsawa cikin iska mai sauri zuwa kilomita 320 a cikin awa daya. Maharbi ne mai karfi da karfi, wanda zai iya ganin wanda aka cutar da nisan mil daya. Sunan tsuntsu a cikin Latin kamar "falco", ya fito daga kalmar "falx", wanda ke nufin cutar sikila. Tabbas, idan kuka kalli falcon a cikin jirgin sama, zaku iya samun kamannin fuka-fukai tare da sikila.
Bayyanar
Falcon yana da jiki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da fikafikan fuka-fuki. M kirji da kafafu mai karfi. Gefen yana da tsari mai ban sha'awa: gajere, ƙugiya-kamar ɗaya tare da haƙoran haƙora a ɓangaren babba. Yana ba ku damar karya spines na ƙananan tsuntsaye. Bangaren da idanun suka rufe shi ne da wani zobe wanda ba a bude shi ba. Sassan fuka-fukai. Dogo, wutsiya mai zagaye. Manya sun bambanta da gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsu. A cikin falpu matasa, dukkan gashin fuka-fukan sunyi gajere kuma basu feshi ba, kuma suna budewa da yawa. A cikin manya, tsalle-tsalle shine kawai na biyu, amma shine mafi tsawo.
Yawancin wakilai suna da zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa:
- Tsayin jiki: har zuwa 60 cm,
- Wingspan: har zuwa 120 cm,
- Tail: 13-20 cm
- Kafaffen kafa: 4-6 cm
- Chord na reshe: zuwa 39 cm,
- Weight: maza har zuwa gram 800, mace har zuwa kilogram 1.3.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Abubuwan falsafar mace sun fi maza girma a nauyi da kuma duka girma.
Launi galibi ya bambanta, launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai duhu. Tsarin triangular akan tubalin duhu inuwa ya bayyana. Akwai wasu fararen fari. Cikakken ciki da wani ɓangare na kirji suna launin rawaya mai haske a cikin launi, ma'amala tare da launuka mai duhu. Baƙar fata a kan gashin fuka-fukan. Shugaban tare da baki. Fuka-fukan suna da wahala, matse jiki. Don haka, ba su tsoma baki tare da tsuntsu ba yayin jirgin, amma a'a suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙarin saurin. Akwai kusan fararen mutane, alal misali, tsakanin likitan mata na arewacin. Akwai duhu sosai, kusan baƙar fata peregrine falcons.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Don farauta zaɓi safe da maraice. Birdsarancin tsuntsayen galibi ana kama su. Ba a taɓa cin abinci ba. Don kama ganima yi amfani da dabarun farauta. Zasu iya sauka kasa da sauri, daga tsayi mai girma. Sukan farauta da gudu. Ragowar ranar da suka fi so su shakata a wuraren da ba a isa ba, abinci mai narkewa. Don wuraren hutawa, an zaɓi tuddai da kan dutse. Da wuya, amma na iya mamaye gidajen wasu tsuntsayen mutane. Ba su taɓa zama a duniya ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! 'Yan ta'adda suna son shirya wasannin iska a sararin sama, suna nuna rawar kai da kyawun jirginsu. Sau da yawa, da alama suna yi wa sauran tsuntsayen abin farauta, suna nuna kansu.
Sun iya tashi zuwa sama cikin iska, inda sauran tsuntsayen ba sa tashi. Formirƙira ma'aurata kuma ku dage sosai don kiyaye “danginsu” daga masu kutse. Dukkanin falnofon suna nomads a cikin hali. Kuma suna yawo ba wai kawai lokacin kiran yanayi bane domin yanayin hunturu da kwanciyar hankali. Wasu suna yin wannan a duk rayuwarsu. Wannan tsuntsu tana da sauki sosai, sabanin sauran tsuntsayen da ke da fata.
Ba ya tsoron mutum ko kuma yana iya daidaitawa kusa da gidajen mutane. Mai ban sha'awa da dabarun farauta falcons. Masana ilimin dabbobi sunce fallo “yaci” ganima. Haƙiƙa halayen sun yi kama da juna. Yakan kama ganima cikin hanzari, Yana kaiwa hari daga bisa. Yana kawo babban ƙarfi tare da ƙugiya mai siffa ƙugiya. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan busa ya isa ya kashe ɗan tsuntsu.
Wani lokaci, da alama suna tsoratar da ganima daga ƙasa, sai a kashe sannan kuma katsewar intanet ta katse shi cikin iska. Ko hadiyewa basu da damar tserewa. Maharbin yana yin sadaukarwa a wani kusurwa na 25, a saurin sauri zuwa kilomita 100 a kowace awa. Yana faruwa cewa falcons suna kama da wasa: suna iya “ɓace” musamman su bar yanayin, amma idan sun juya, sai su kawo wani sabon hari kuma su kama maƙasudin.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Falcon shine nau'in dabarun da ke da hankali a tsakanin dukkan tsuntsayen.
Tsuntsaye suna amsawa sosai ga horarwa kuma kusan ba sa jin tsoron mutane. Lokacin horo, tabbatar kun haɗa da abubuwan wasa a cikin aji. Koyaya, kar ka manta, ko da falcon yana da kyakkyawar hulɗa - wannan ba kare bane ko cat, amma dabba mai ƙaddara. Sun sami damar yin amfani da su ga maigidan har ma suna nuna ƙauna, amma duk da haka suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman don sadarwa tare da mutumin.
Iri Falcons
Gidan falcon ya hada da janareta 11. Tsakanin su:
- Caracara 5 samar: baƙi, baƙi, ja, ƙwanƙwasa, tsawa, ƙara.
- Consarya. 6 samar: dariya, gandun daji, dwarf na Amurka, ƙarami, dwarf, falcons (Falco).
Daga cikin wadannan, illolin falsafa (Falco) shine babba kuma mafi yawan lambobi. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan fannoni 40 waɗanda za a iya raba su cikin manyan rukunin wakilai:
- Kestrels - ƙananan, tsuntsaye masu yawa na launin ja. Haka kuma akwai waɗanda launin toka, amma galibi a Afirka. Aka sani a matsayin mafarautan farauta. Akwai nau'ikan 12 iri: Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritius, Molucca, gemu, talakawa, babba, dawakai, ƙauye, launin toka, mai ratsa jiki, ƙasa,
- Егegloki - babban tsuntsu mai santsi da bakin toka mai duhu da kuma gashin fuka-fukai a cikin kunci. Akwai nau'ikan guda biyar a duniya: Elegor's cheglock, Afirka, gama gari, Gabas da Australiya,
- Consarya - mafi yawan wakilai. Ya hada da azurfa, maraice, jan-silki, New Zealand, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, baki, Bahar Rum, Altai, Mexico, gajere,
- Turumti dako da ja-neck falcon– tsuntsu mai matsakaici, tare da sifa mai launin tubali-ja a kansa. Tana zaune a yankuna na Indiya da Afirka.
- Kobchik - karamin falcon, mai kamanni a sigogi da halaye ga kestrel. Weight bai wuce gram 200 ba. Gefen yana da gajarta da rauni. Yana ciyar da manyan kwari kawai. Tare da nishaɗin ci cizon dodo, ciyayi, farau da manyan gwoza. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine hankaka ya zabi "gidan" wanda aka watsar dashi kamar gida. Har zuwa wakilai 100 na iya rayuwa cikin fakitoci. Suna kuma yin ƙaura cikin fakitoci.
- Derbnik - galibi yana zaune ne a arewaci da gabashin Turai. Smallaramin, mai nau'in farashi mai ɗauke da gajerun fikafikai da dogon wutsiya Yana zaune a cikin kwarin kogi, kwari na sphagnum. Yana hana ƙaƙƙarfan daji da duhu gandun daji. Mafi yawan ciyarwa akan kananan tsuntsaye. Rarearancin kuɗi mai saurin talla wanda zai iya shirya mazaunin ƙasa.
- Laggar - babban, babban tsuntsu. Ana amfani dashi da himma wajen farauta. Yana ciyarwa akan wasu ƙananan tsuntsayen. Amma preys a kan goitors, hares.
- Saker Falcon - An rarrabu a Asiya ta Tsakiya, Kazakhstan, Siberiya, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, China. An dauki ɗayan ɗayan ƙananan haɗari masu haɗari. Tsawon tsayi ya girma zuwa cm 60. Wingspan har zuwa mita daya da rabi. Yana da alaƙa da kama da peregrine falcon, amma ya bambanta cikin inuwa mai launi da launi na fikafikan.
- Gyrfalcon - mafi rarest kuma mafi girma daga cikin falcons. M, fuka-fuki suna da tsawo da kaifi. Nami yakai kimanin kilogram 1. mace game da 2 kilogiram. Ya banbanta da pertrine falcon by wutsiya mai tsayi. Rarraba cikin Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka. Akwai keɓancewar rarrabuwa a cikin Altai. Kunshe a cikin Littafin Rubutu.
- Peregrine falcon- tsuntsu mafi sauri a duniya. Babban tsuntsu, wakilin gargajiya na dangin falcon. Aka rarraba a duniya sai Antarctica,
- Shahin - kuma ana kiranta ɓarnar hamada saboda zaɓi na rayuwa a cikin hamada. Regarancin peregrine falcon a cikin girma. Launi ya fi jan launi, inuwa. Matar tana yin kusan rabin daidai kamar na namiji. Yawan nauyin mace ya kai giram 765, maza yawanci suna awo 300-350. Rashin fahimta.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Falcon - gyrfalcon an nuna shi a kan suturar makamai na Kyrgyzstan. Kuma a kan tsabar kudin 500 Kazakh tenge an nuna falcon - saker.
Habitat, mazauni
Wadannan Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen da ke birbishin kusan duk duniya, ban da dogayen kudu da na kudu. Individuals matasa ne kawai ke guje wa overwinter. Balagagge yana kasancewa a gida, yana motsawa tare da sanyi kusa da wuraren rami. Suna son steppes da jeji. Gyrfalcons sun fi son bangarorin bakin teku na kasashen arewacin. A cikin Turai, an zaɓi tsaunuka da maɓuɓɓugan dutse. Peregrine Falcons tayi ta yawo kusan duk rayuwarsu kuma ana iya samunsu a koina a duniya.
Abincin Falcon
Ku ci ƙananan tsuntsaye, ƙwayoyin dabbobi, kwari. Yana iya cin kwaɗin, macizai, wani lokacin kifi. Yana ciyar da dukkan dabbobi masu ɗimbin farin ciki waɗanda basu da girma da girmanta. Ganima ba ta da damar da za ta lura da ɓarnar ci gaba kuma, ƙari duka, don warwarewa. Akan beken ya ƙwanƙwasa wuya, sai tsuntsu ya tsinkaya gawa daga baya.
Mahimmanci! A cikin bauta, yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da wasa, in ba haka ba falcon na iya yin rashin lafiya sosai.
Domin tsarin narkewa ya yi aiki ba tare da wani katsewa ba, tsuntsaye da yawa suna buƙatar fuka-fukai da ƙananan kasusuwa. A dabi'a, suna cin ganima, suna samun duk abin da suke buƙata lokaci guda. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan cin abincin, an kafa tatsuniya - wannan shine sharar da tsuntsun ya suturta.
Yakamata tsuntsayen masu lafiya suna da wasanin rikice-rikice na yau da kullun, ba tare da kazanta jini da ƙanshi maras kyau ba. A ciyarwar gida, bayar da mice, beraye da ƙananan tsuntsaye gabaɗaya, ba tare da fata ba. Ciyarwa gwargwadon shekaru. Tsohuwar tsuntsu, da ƙarancin ita shine ciyar.
- A shekaru biyu da haihuwa - kusan sau 6 a rana. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar bayar da ƙananan ƙananan nama da aka soya cikin mai rauni mai gishiri. An yi wannan ne don kwaikwayon ƙwayar uwar, wanda ke taimakawa kajin ya narke daidai.
- Har zuwa wata daya - kusan sau 5 a rana,
- Har zuwa wata daya da rabi - sau 3-4,
- Har zuwa cikakken plumage - ciyar sau 2 a rana.
Kiwo da zuriya
Fallen Monogamous. Ana yin nau'i biyu yayin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. A cikin tsuntsayen da ke zaune a kudancin hemisphere, tsawon lokacin yana daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. Amma ga wakilan arewa na falsafa, kwanakin suna canzawa: daga Fabrairu zuwa Maris. Ana yin bikin aure a sama. Namiji yakan gabatar da kyauta ga mace a cikin berarta yayin tsararraki masu tsayi. Wani lokaci zaku iya lura da yadda mace da namiji suke rugujewa da babban sauri, suna jingina da yatsunsu. Don haka, suna iya tashi sama da mita 10.
An zaɓi wurin da ke sa ido a hankali. Amintattun nooks sun gwammace. Matar ta sanya kwai huɗu masu launin ja. An yi imani da cewa mai nauyi mace a cikin nauyi, da ƙarin ta ba da zuriya. Qwai ya sanya iyayen biyun bi da bi. Yin kiyayya yana da kusan wata daya.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Yawan kajin na nan gaba a cikin gida ya dogara da wadatar abincin: da yake yalwatacce shi ne, mafi ƙwai ke dage farawa.
Falcons iyaye ne masu kulawa. Kare kajin kare, da karfi kare da gida. Amma, da zaran falfon ya girma, kusan wata daya bayan haihuwa, nan da nan sai su bar gida. In ba haka ba, akwai haɗarin yin tsere cikin tashin hankali game da iyayensu, waɗanda ke jin gasa na dabi'a a cikin matasa. Balagagge a cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen yana faruwa yayin da yake shekara ɗaya.
Abokan halitta
Falcon yana da abokan gaba kaɗan. Waɗannan kusan dukkanin manyan masu farauta ne. Abubuwan hauka kuma suna da haɗari a gare su. Dawakai da martens, weasels da ferrets suna sace gida, ku ci kajin. Amma babban makiyin falcon shine mutumin da ke lalata yanayin kasa, yana lalata abubuwa don nishaɗi ko kuma yana amfani da guba don shuka filayen noma.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A wannan lokacin, ana lissafa nau'ikan likitan mata a cikin Littafin Lissafi a matsayin jinsin. Altai Falcon na fuskantar barazanar rugujewa. Babu wani tabbataccen bayani da cewa waɗancan mutane na Altai falcon waɗanda yanzu suke cikin duniya suna da tsabta ta halitta.
Mahimmanci! Har ila yau, haɗarin saker, peregrine falcon da kestrel.
Falcon ya dade da zama sananne ga mutum. Ya kasance koyaushe a matsayin mai farauta mai ban mamaki: sha'awar, ƙarfi da walƙiya cikin sauri. Wannan tsuntsu ya kasance amintaccen aboki na mutanen da suka rubuta tatsuniyoyi game da shi, sadaukar da kai da kuma bauta a matsayin allahntaka masu rai. Sarakunan iskar sararin samaniya, masu kaifin farauta da mafarauta marasa iyaka - duk suna maganar rashin gaskiya.