Za'a iya samun furannin furanni a kowane teku da kowane zurfi. Akwai sanannun nau'ikan da suke rayuwa a cikin zurfin 10,000 m. Yawancin nau'in (70%) suna rayuwa a cikin zurfin mara zurfin zuwa 200 m. Akwai yawancin filayen fure a cikin ɗumbin yanayi mai dumin zafi a cikin muryoyin murjani.
Jikin Lily ya ƙunshi abin da ake kira "kofin", wanda aka gyara a ƙasan. Daga kofin yake haskoki sama sama. Babban aikin waɗannan haskoki shi ne tace ƙananan ɓoyayyiyar ruwa daga ruwa kuma canja su zuwa bakin da ke tsakiyar ƙoƙon.
Furannin ruwan teku. Hoton furannin furanni
Tsawon haskoki na iya zuwa 1 m. Gaba ɗaya, dabbar tana da guda biyar, amma kowane haske na iya reshe mai ƙarfi, yana ƙirƙirar "ƙafafu marasa yawa".
A cikin duka akwai manyan rukunin furanni 2 na teku - tsagewa da tableless. Mafi yawan yaduwa sune nau'ikan da ba su da tushe kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara iyaka (har zuwa 200 m.) A cikin tekuna masu zafi. Zasu iya motsawa, daga farawa, da kuma yawo a cikin ruwa, suna kiyaye jikinsu da rudani. Speciesabi'ar da aka tsinke tana haifar da yanayin rayuwa, amma ana samun su ta kowane zurfin, har zuwa kilomita 10. sama da matakin teku.
Furannin ruwan teku. Hoton furannin furanni
Furannin furanni na teku sun bayyana a sararin duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 488 da suka gabata. A lokacin Paleozoic, akwai wasu nau'ikan furannin ruwan teku 5,000, yawancinsu sun lalace. Wannan lokacin shine zamanin zinare na dukkanin halittu masu tsinkaye, da kuma furannin ruwan teku musamman. Burbushin halittun waɗancan lokutan suna yalwar dabbobi, kuma wasu halittun da da dutsen da dutse kusan duk sun ƙunshi su ne. Kadaitattun furanni ne kawai suka bayyana a duniya kimanin miliyan 250 da suka shude "sun rayu" har zuwa yau.
Furannin ruwan teku suna da yawa.
Furannin ruwan teku. Hoton furannin furanni
Furannin ruwan teku
Furannin ruwan teku | |||
---|---|---|---|
Ruwan Lily Kyakkyawan Ptilometra | |||
Tsarin kimiyya | |||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Fasali: | Furannin ruwan teku |
- Articulata
- Squad Comatulida
- Umarni Cyrtocrinida
- Ad Squad Encrinida
- Yi oda Hyocrinida
- Umarni Isocrinida
- † Yin oda Millericrinida
- Camerata
- Uc Infraclass Eucamerata
- Ent Pentacrinoidea
- In Infraclass Inadunata
Furannin ruwan teku, ko crinoids (lat. Crinoidea), - ɗayan azuzuwan echinoderms. Kimanin nau'ikan 700 an san su a cikin duniya, jinsuna 5 a Rasha.
Ilimin halitta
Animalsasan dabbobi ƙasa tare da jiki a cikin kamannin ƙoƙo, a tsakiyar wannda yawun bakinsa, kuma guguwar daga ƙyallen hannayensa (hannaye) ke hau. Fromasa daga calyx na lilin lilin mai zurfi, fure mai haɓaka har tsawon ganye 1 m, yana girma zuwa ƙasa kuma yana ɗaukar raunin kayan aiki (cirs), a stemless wadanda - kawai wayar cirs. A ƙarshen cirrus, za'a iya samun denticles, ko “claws”, wanda za'a iya haɗa furannin furannin a ƙasa.
Furen fure a cikin teku shine kadai asalin halitta wanda ke kiyaye yanayin halayen magabatan magabatan echinoderm: bakinsu yana sama, gefe guda kuma ya juya zuwa ga ƙasa.
Kamar kowane echinoderms, tsarin jikin filayen ruwan fure na fure yana iya haifar da alamar biyar na haske. Hannun 5, duk da haka, ana iya rarrabe su akai-akai, suna ba da 10 zuwa 200 "hannayen arya", sanye take da rassan gefe da yawa (rabulas) Wani sako mai murɗaɗɗen ruwan Lily na samar da hanyar sadarwa don siraran plankton da detritus. Hannun da ke gefensu na ciki (na baka) yana da tsarukan mucous-ciliary ambulacral wanda ke kaiwa zuwa bakin, tare da abin da ake juyar da barbashin abinci daga ruwa zuwa bakin bude. A gefen ƙirar, a kan haɓakar conical (papille) dubura ce.
Akwai kwarangwal na waje, endoskeleton na hannaye kuma daskararre ya kunshi bangarorin rashin lafiya. Rassan masu juyayi, ambulacral da tsarin haihuwa suna shiga cikin hannu da kafa. Baya ga sifar waje da kuma daidaituwa na ƙwayar-ciki na jikin mutum, filayen ruwan teku sun bambanta da sauran echinoderms a cikin tsarin ambulacral mai sauƙaƙe - babu ampoules da ke sarrafa ƙafafu da farantin madrepor.
Juyin Halitta
Falsil furannin teku mai sanannu sune sanannu daga Orasan Haurobiya. Da alama, sun fito ne daga asalin tsattsauran ra'ayi irin na Eocrinoidea. Paleozoic na Tsakiya ya kai kololuwa, lokacin da akwai nau'ikan sama da 5000, amma a ƙarshen lokacin Permian, yawancinsu sun mutu a waje. Subiclass Articulata, wanda ya haɗa da dukkanin furannin ruwan teku na zamani, sananne ne daga Triassic.
Ganyayyun halittun furanni na fure suna daga cikin ma'adanai gama gari. Wasu nau'ikann nadar dutsen da suka fara daga Paleozoic da Mesozoic kusan dukkansu sun kunshi su. Burbushin yanki na mai tushe na crinoids, masu kama da gears, ana kiran su trochites.
Juyin Halitta
An sani cewa waɗannan mazaunan marine sun rayu a zamanin Oran Oregon. Masana kimiyya sun ce, magabatansu na iya zama tsatsotsin rairayi mai asali na asali Eocrinoidea.
Zamanin mafi wadatar su ya faru ne a Tsakiyar Paleozoic, lokacin da akwai ƙananan gilashi biyu, waɗanda suka ƙunshi akalla nau'ikan dubu biyar. Gaskiya ne, yawancinsu sun mutu a ƙarshen lokacin Permian.
Game da Articulata na karkashin kasa, wanda ruwan Lily na zamani yake, ya kasance ne a zamanin Triassic. Abinda yakamata na crinoids ana daukar su ne mafi yawancin burbushin halitta, saboda yawancin dunkulen gabar da suke na Paleozoic da Mesozoic eras kusan gaba daya sun kunshi su.
An rarraba filayen ruwan furanni a cikin tsirai marasa tushe. Na farkon su, musamman nau'in teku mai zurfi, an haɗe su da substrate tare da taimakon kara, tsawonsu na iya kaiwa mita biyu. Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan dabbobin suna haɗuwa sau ɗaya kuma ga kowane irin abu mai ruwa ko ruwa. Archaeologists sun san nau'in burbushin halittu wanda tushe ya girma zuwa mita 20 a tsayi.
Ya bambanta da su, ruwan Lily stemless na ruwa a kowane lokaci yana iya fara iyo, bayan ya rabu da farfajiya. Hanyoyin motsi na wannan dabba ya dogara da nau'in su: wasu suna iyo, suna ɗaga hannayensu kamar ƙyallen, wasu suna rarrafe tare da gindin ƙasa, wasu kuma suna tafiya akan gajere.
Habitat da abokan halitta
Ajin furannin ruwan teku yana da yawa gama gari. Ana iya samun wakilan su duka a cikin tekuna mai tsananin zafi da kuma Antarctica mai sanyi. Masana kimiyyar zamani sun san nau'ikan dabbobi sama da ɗari biyar. Abin sha'awa shine, bayyanar su bata canza sosai ba, sun kasance suna kama da kakanninsu, waɗanda suka rayu shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata.
Mafi munin abokan gaban furannin suna dauke da zuriya ta maza na dangin Melanellidae. Sukan yi yawo cikin lilin mai laushi, suna hako sassan jikinsu da proboscis kuma suna cin nama mai laushi. Sau da yawa, furannin fure suna wahala daga ƙananan ɓarna, wanda zai iya daidaita tsakanin cirrus ko cikin narkewa.
Tsarin jiki
Furen lilin na teku ko crinoids sune mafi yawan adadin crinoids. Jikinsu ya ƙunshi ƙoƙo, wanda ke mamaye gabobin ciki, tsarin antennae ko stem, wanda aka haɗa su da kowane irin kayan ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, crinoid yana da ingantattun haskoki guda biyar ko hannaye, an tsara su don tattara tarin abubuwan da ake ci. Kofin yana da sihiri mai fasalin launi kuma ya ƙunshi belts 2-3 na manyan abubuwa da faranti faranti. A samansa an rufe shi da alamar tag (hula), inda ambulacral grooves yake, yana wucewa zuwa haskoki, sannan ga kyan.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, gabobin ciki na crinoids suna cikin kofin - a saman ɓangaren kuma shine bakin buɗe. Yana kaiwa tsaye kai tsaye zuwa cikin narkewa, wanda shine ɗayan ko dama bends wanda yayi kama da madauki. A cikin tsaka-tsakin tsinkaye shine murfin buɗewa. Kwayar narkewa tana cikin sashin na biyu na jikin mutum kuma yana haɗe zuwa ganuwar jikin ta membranes membranes.
Haske mai faskare ko bututun da ba tare da izini ba yana shimfiɗa sama zuwa sama daga calyx. Tare, suna yin kambi. Tsarin ambulacral shine canal na shekara wanda yake kusa da narkewa. Daga gare ta tashoshi masu radial 5 suna shimfidawa cikin haskoki, kuma tare da su akwai ƙafafun amonlacral spiky, waɗanda babu diski na tsotsa da ampoules. Waɗannan legsanfunan dabbobin suna yin narkewa, juyayi da aikin numfashi.
Skeleton na ruwan fure na teku
Hannun waɗannan dabbobin suna da ingantaccen haɓaka kwarangwal, wanda ya ƙunshi daidaitaccen naman jikin dabbobi ko faranti na tagari. Mummunan waɗanda aka haɗe su kai tsaye zuwa radial faranti dake kan kofin rim. Dukkanin kasusuwan kasusuwa suna da alaƙa da juna ta hanyar tsokoki, waɗanda suke ƙara sassauƙa na musamman ga ruwan teku kuma yana ba shi damar motsawa da yardar kaina.
Irin wannan murfin faranti yana da kasala sosai a waje da haskoki. Su ne kwatankwacin yanki mai tsafta wanda yake tsakanin almara. Koyaya, ba a lura da irin wannan haɗin ko'ina ba - a wasu lokuta ana amfani da faranti na tagulla ba tare da tsokoki ba. A wannan yanayin, iyakokin da ke tsakaninsu suna kama da ratsi na bakin ciki.
Wannan hadin ana kiransa syzygal. Yana ba da damar furannin teku a cikin mawuyacin yanayi (alal misali, farmaki na makiya, hauhawar zafin jiki, rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen) ba tare da ƙoƙari na kashe haskokin kansu ba. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da wasu nazarin game da halayen lilin na teku a wasu yanayi. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa a kusan kashi 75-90% na lokuta, dabbobi sukan katse haskoki daidai a jijiyar syzygal kuma da ƙyar - a gidajen abinci.
'Yancin kai na asali ko karye hannaye a cikin furannin ruwan teku shine abin da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Abin mamakin shine gaskiyar cewa haskoki da suka ɓace ana hanzarta dawo dasu. Don ɗan lokaci, za'a sake saita ikon Lily a sauƙaƙen girman girmanta da launi mai launin shuɗi.
Rayuwa
Akwai kimanin nau'in 80 na fure-kamar echinoderm lilin teku. Waɗannan halittun da ba a san su ba sun fi son salon rayuwa mai tsayi. Kuna iya haɗuwa da su a zurfin daban-daban - daga 200 zuwa fiye da mita 9,000.
Crinoids marasa tushe, kuma aƙalla 540 daga cikinsu, ana samun su galibi a cikin ruwayen ruwa na tekuna masu zafi. Suna da haske da launuka masu kyau. Kimanin kashi 65% na fure-fure marasa fure suna rayuwa a zurfin da bai wuce mita 200 ba. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, waɗannan halittu suna iya kamewa daga maɓallin kuma suna motsawa ba kawai tare da tushe ba, har ma suna fitowa, suna ɗaga hannayensu.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kusan dukkanin jinsunan furannin ruwan da suke rayuwa a zurfin zurfin sun gwammace su ciyar da dare. Da rana, suna ɓoye a tsakanin ɓoyayyun dutse da ƙarƙashin duwatsu. Kusan dukkanin crinoids sune masu ɗaukar hoto marasa aiki waɗanda ke tace dakatarwar abinci daga ruwa. Kamar kifin kifi, lily tana ciyar da ƙananan crustaceans, larvae na invertebrate, detritus da protozoa, alal misali, foraminifers (carcinomas guda ɗaya) da diatoms.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran echinoderms, hanyar da ake ciyar da su ya zama kamar na asali. Lily tare da corolla bude wani babban hanyar sadarwa wanda ke aiki don kama detritus da plankton. A hannayen ciki akwai ambulacral ciliary tsagi wanda ke haifar da bakin. An sanye su da ƙwayoyin glandular wanda ke narkewa gamsai, wanda ke rufe tsoka da aka kama cikin ruwa kuma ya mai da su ƙashin abinci. Ta hanyar gurnani, duk abincin da aka fitar a ruwa yana shiga bude bakin. Yawan abinci ya dogara da jeri na haskoki da tsayin su.
DON DUK DA GAME DA kowa
Furannin furannin teku suna ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan wakilai na fauna na teku. Waɗannan halittu masu haske suna kama da murhun murjani mai rai, kodayake su ma ainihin magabaci ne kuma basa ƙin cin abinci da ƙaramin ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa.
Sau ɗaya a wani lokaci, tekuna sun cika da dangi na kifin kifin katako da iskar teku - furen teku.
Waɗannan halittun sun sami sunan ƙaunarsu don kama da furanni, amma a zahiri filayen ruwan teku basu da dangantaka da tsirrai. Furannin furanni na teku (ko Crinoidea) rukuni ne na echinoderms masu dangantaka da urchins na teku da kuma kifin kifi. Kamar kowane echinoderms, lilin na teku suna da alamar tsinkaye guda biyar, ƙarin halayyar tsirrai (galibi dabbobi sun bambanta da juna biyu).
Za'a iya samun furannin furanni a kowane teku da kowane zurfi. Akwai sanannun nau'ikan da suke rayuwa a cikin zurfin 10,000 m. Yawancin nau'in (70%) suna rayuwa a cikin zurfin mara zurfin zuwa 200 m. Akwai yawancin filayen fure a cikin ɗumbin yanayi mai dumin zafi a cikin muryoyin murjani.
Jikin Lily ya ƙunshi abin da ake kira "kofin", wanda aka gyara a ƙasan. Daga kofin yake haskoki sama sama. Babban aikin waɗannan haskoki shi ne tace ƙananan ɓoyayyiyar ruwa daga ruwa kuma canja su zuwa bakin da ke tsakiyar ƙoƙon.
Teku cike yake da baƙin halittu waɗanda ba za su iya kasancewa a ko ina ba sai a cikin zurfin teku. Furannin ruwan fure (Crinoidea), wanda akafi sani da "taurari masu fuka" ko "crinoids", bawai suna kama da dazuzukan da suke rayuwa bane, harma suna motsawa cikin ruwa tare da taimakon daidaiton yanayin motsa jikinsu.
Dogaro da “m” mai laushi suna da mahimmanci don crinoids ba kawai don motsi ba: tare da taimakon su echinoderms na iya sauƙin kama ganuwa. Tsawon haskoki na iya zuwa 1 m. Gaba ɗaya, dabbar tana da guda biyar, amma kowane haske na iya reshe mai ƙarfi, yana ƙirƙirar "ƙafafu marasa yawa". A sanye take da wasu rassan gefen gewaye (ma'aikatalas).
Lilmai sune matattun matatun mai wanda ke tace dakatarwar abinci daga ruwa. Don canja wurin ganima zuwa bakin, lily teku tana amfani da haskoki na musamman akan ciki, gefen baka: an sanye su da kayan mucous-ciliary ambulacral, ta hanyar ruwan da kama-karfen da ya kama ya shiga kai tsaye zuwa bakin.
A cikin duka akwai manyan rukunin furanni 2 na teku - waɗanda aka goge su da tushe. Mafi yawan yaduwa sune nau'ikan da ba su da tushe kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara iyaka (har zuwa 200 m.) A cikin tekuna masu zafi. Zasu iya motsawa, daga farawa, da kuma yawo a cikin ruwa, suna kiyaye jikinsu da rudani. Speciesabi'ar da aka tsinke tana haifar da yanayin rayuwa, amma ana samun su ta kowane zurfin, har zuwa kilomita 10. sama da matakin teku.
Furannin furanni na teku sun bayyana a sararin duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 488 da suka gabata. A lokacin Paleozoic, akwai wasu nau'ikan furannin ruwan teku 5,000, yawancinsu sun lalace. Wannan lokacin shine zamanin zinare na dukkanin halittu masu tsinkaye, da kuma furannin ruwan teku musamman. Burbushin halittun waɗancan lokutan suna yalwar dabbobi, kuma wasu halittun da da dutsen da dutse kusan gaba ɗaya ne daga cikinsu. Kadaitattun furanni ne kawai suka bayyana a duniya kimanin miliyan 250 da suka shude "sun rayu" har zuwa yau.
Dicotyledons, gametes na haɓakawa a cikin tsarinlas. Haɓakawa tare da tsutsa mai iyo (lobar). Larvae, attaching zuwa ga substrate, juya zuwa ƙaramin ciyayi-kamar kama da na Lily girma. A cikin furannin furanni marasa tushe, tushe yana mutuwa yayin da yake girma zuwa nau'in girma.
Furen fure a cikin teku shine kadai asalin halitta wanda ke kiyaye yanayin halayen magabatan magabatan echinoderm: bakinsu yana sama, gefe guda kuma ya juya zuwa ga ƙasa.
Akwai kwarangwal na waje, endoskeleton na hannaye kuma daskararre ya kunshi bangarorin rashin lafiya. Rassan masu juyayi, ambulacral da tsarin haihuwa suna shiga cikin hannu da kafa. Baya ga sifar waje da kuma daidaituwa na ƙwayar-ciki na jikin mutum, filayen ruwan teku sun bambanta da sauran echinoderms a cikin tsarin ambulacral mai sauƙaƙe - babu ampoules da ke sarrafa ƙafafu da farantin madrepor.
Falsil furannin teku mai sanannu sune sanannu daga Orasan Haurobiya. Da alama, sun fito ne daga asalin tsattsauran ra'ayi irin na Eocrinoidea. Paleozoic na Tsakiya ya kai ga kololuwar sa, lokacin da akwai gilashi biyu na yanki 11 da kuma nau'ikan 5000, amma a karshen lokacin Permian, yawancinsu sun mutu a waje. Subiclass Articulata, wanda ya haɗa da dukkanin furannin ruwan teku na zamani, sananne ne daga Triassic.
Ganyayyun halittun furanni na fure suna daga cikin ma'adanai gama gari.Wasu nau'ikann nadar dutsen da suka fara daga Paleozoic da Mesozoic kusan dukkansu sun kunshi su. Burbushin yanki na mai tushe na crinoids, masu kama da gears, ana kiran su trochites.
Abubuwan burbushin fure na fure - trochites, asterisks da fayafai tare da rami a tsakiyar, wani lokacin haɗin cikin sassan - sun dade da jan hankalin mutane. Calledasar Ingila ta kira sassan ɓangarorin taurari masu kamannin crinoids “taurari na dutse” kuma suna yin zato iri-iri game da alaƙa da jikin taurarin sama. Na farko da aka ambata sunayensu na ɗan Ingilishi ne John Ray a 1673.
A shekara ta 1677, abokin aikinsa, Robert Plit (1640-1666), ya yarda cewa beads daga cikin wadannan dabbobin an yi su ne da rossary na St. Cuthbert, Bishop na Lindisfarne. A gefen tekun Northumberland, waɗannan burbushin suna da ake kira “rosary na St. Cuthbert.” Wani lokaci ana bayyana trochites mai kama da Gears a cikin 'yan jaridu kamar "sassan injunan baƙi" waɗanda aka kirkira daga baƙin miliyoyin shekaru kafin bayyanar mutum.
Bayanin Crinoids
Abin farin ciki na fauna na fure na lilin shine na Paleozoic kuma farkon Mesozoic.
Duk tsoffin furannin teku sun kasance masu zaman kansu. Tsakanin furannin ruwan teku na yau, yawancin nau'ikan suna da damar da za su rabu da ɗan lokaci da kuma yin iyo.
Furen furannin teku suna kama da furanni waɗanda furanninsu ke kewaye da hasken rana. A gefensa na sama sune bakin da dubura. Akwai furanni masu kara da marasa tushe. A cikin tsohon, an sanya jikin a kan dogayen itace wanda aka haɗe da substrate. Yawancin furannin furanni na zamani basu da tushe, ko dai sun yi iyo ko jingina ga abin da ke tare da eriya (fiye da 100) da ke kan gindin zama. A duk cikin furannin furanni na teku, ba kamar sauran echinoderms ba, ana gabatar da gefen na sama zuwa sama, kuma gefen mahaifa ana karkatar da shi zuwa ƙananan.
Lokacin bincika kopin ruwan Lily daga gungume na baka, yana da sauƙi a ga cewa ana bayyanar da siginar radial sosai a cikin tsarin lillan teku. A tsakiyar shine bakin, daga abin da ambulakis ya shiga zuwa haskoki, ko “hannaye”. Girman tsinkewa zai ci gaba zuwa “hannaye”. Iyayen furanni suna da 'hannaye guda biyar, amma kowannensu yana gudana ne a wurin da ya tashi daga calyx. Hannun 'hannaye' ne jointed, zaune a garesu da kayan sakawa na musamman - sallamalas, shima ya ƙunshi sassan. Ambulacular grooves mika duk tsawon "makamai" da reshe cikin harbawa. Yawancin kafafu ambural ba tare da kofuna masu tsotsa suna haɓaka daga ɗakin ambulacral ba, suna yin ayyuka da yawa: na numfashi, cinya, da bautar baki. Wani ɓangare na ƙafafun ambulacral wanda ke kewaye da bakin ya juya zuwa cikin tanti-na kusa, wanda, tare da na farko na kuli, suna haɗuwa da cin abinci. Iliesauren furanni suna ciyarwa da daidaituwa: kwayoyin dake cikin ƙwayar cuta da ƙananan abubuwa na detritus, waɗanda aka ba su zuwa buɗewar bakin ta kafafu na ambulacral da bugun cilia na epithelium na huɗar ambulacular.
Alamar Radial ta karye ne kawai ta wurin dubura, wanda aka sanya shi a kai tsaye a gefen bakin ta akan tsokar ƙwayar cuta. Wannan, a bayyane yake, yana da alaƙa da rayuwar haɗe da rayayye kuma kasancewar maƙarƙashiya a cikin tsoffin furannin teku.
A cikin ci gaban furannin ruwan teku, yana da ban sha'awa cewa tsutsa mai tsalle-tsalle mai kwalliya mai kwalliya tare da sarƙoƙi na ciliated sun sauka zuwa ƙasa bayan kwanaki 2-3, sun rasa cilia, suna samar da calyx da tushe, suna haɓakawa zuwa madadin. Iliesauren furanni marasa tushe da marasa ƙarfi waɗanda dole ne su shuɗe a cikin ci gaban su a matsayin ci gaba mai ɗorewa, wanda ke nuna babban kamannin wasu filayen ruwan Paleozoic da ke cikin ruwa.
Tsarin da bayanin filayen ruwan fure
Jikin echinoderm na karkashin ruwa mazaunin ruwa yana da sashi na tsakiya, wanda ake kira "kofin" kuma yana shimfiɗa alfarwar, a cikin "hannayen", an rufe shi da rassa na kusa - aikilas.
Furen fure a cikin teku watakila shine kawai echinoderms na zamani waɗanda ke kiyaye yanayin halayen jikin magabatansu: ɓangaren bakin yana juyawa sama, kuma gefen ƙashin dabbar yana haɗe da ƙasa. Sashin yankan farji wanda yake yin aikin abin da aka makala yana barin ƙwayar Lily daga lily lily. Bunches na tafiyar matakai, cirr, diverge daga tushe, manufarsu iri daya ce da babban tushe. Ofarshen maɓallin cirus ɗin yana da makaruka, ko kuma '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' inda za a iya manne wa matsayin.
Lily Sea (Crinoidea).
Kamar kowane echinoderms tare da tsari na katako guda biyar, Lily na teku yana da makamai guda biyar, amma suna iya rabawa, suna badawa daga “makamai na karya” goma zuwa ɗari biyu, suna da babban kuzarin gefen, suna samar da “cibiyar sadarwa” mai yawa.
Hakanan kuma shingen an kewaye shi da ƙofar tare da kasancewar mucous gashin ido, ta hanyar abin da ake ɗaukar kayan abinci wanda aka kwashe zuwa bakin buɗe. Latterarshe yana a tsakiyar tsakiyar "ciki" na farji, kuma dubura yana kusa.
Tekun ili dabbobi ne na ƙasa.
Tasirin al'adu
Abubuwan burbushin fure na fure - trochites, asterisks da fayafai tare da rami a tsakiyar, wani lokacin haɗin cikin sassan - sun dade da jan hankalin mutane. Calledasar Ingila ta kira sassan ɓangarorin taurari masu kamannin crinoids “taurari na dutse” kuma suna yin zato iri-iri game da alaƙa da jikin taurarin sama. Na farko da aka ambata sunayensu na ɗan Ingilishi ne John Ray a 1673. A shekara ta 1677, abokin aikinsa, Robert Plit (1640-1666), ya yarda cewa beads daga cikin wadannan dabbobin an yi su ne da rossary na St. Cuthbert, Bishop na Lindisfarne. A gefen tekun Northumberland, waɗannan burbushin suna da ake kira “rosary na St. Cuthbert.” Wani lokaci ana bayyana trochites mai kama da Gears a cikin 'yan jaridu kamar "sassan injunan baƙi" waɗanda aka kirkira daga baƙin miliyoyin shekaru kafin bayyanar mutum.
Yawan sha'awar furannin ruwa na mutane
Burbushin sassan sassan furannin teku, da ake kira trochites, da taurari da fayafai tare da rami a tsakiyar, sun jawo hankalin ɗan adam na dogon lokaci. Haɗin kwamin ɗin polygonal ɓangarori na taurari da keɓaɓɓun sararin samaniya ya fara sanar da Biritaniya. Akwai ra'ayoyin da trochites a cikin nau'i na gears aka dauke su "sassan injunan baƙi" waɗanda baƙin suka kirki ɗaruruwan miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata.
Trochites - matattarar gidajen abinci na mai tushe na crinoids
Rubutun farko da aka rubuta akan furannin furanni ga masanin kimiyyar dabi’ar Ingila John Ray a 1673. A cikin 1677, abokin aikinsa Robert Plit ya ba da shawarar cewa beads na St Cuthbert, Bishop Lindisfarne, an yi su daga sassan waɗannan dabbobin. Af, a gabar tsibiri na Northumberland, ana kiran waɗannan burbushin "rosary na St. Cuthbert."
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.