Teal Salvadori ko duck salvadori(Salvadorina waigiuensis) jinsunan tsuntsayen asalinsu ne zuwa New Guinea. An sanya shi cikin asalin monotypic Salvadorina.
wannan akwai wata madaidaiciya mai ruwan kai da wuya, kuma jikinta haramun ne kuma an hango launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da kashe fararen kafafu tare da lemun zaki.
Wani mazaunin asiri ne mai yawan kogunan ruwa da kekuna. Wannan omnivore ne. Tana gano inda take kusa da ruwa kuma tana sa ƙwai 2 zuwa 4 a lokacin rani. Kungiyar IUCN ta lissafa tsuntsaye a matsayin masu rauni, kuma yawan jama'a na iya raguwa a hankali.
SalvadorDali
Salvador Dali (Cikakken suna Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali da Domenech, Marquis na Dali de Pubol, Mayu 11, 1904, Figueres, Spain - Janairu 23, 1989, ibid.) - ɗayan shahararrun masu fasaha na Spain, wanda ya zama babban ɓangare na al'adun pop a duniya. Ya zama sananne ba wai kawai godiya ga kerawarsa ba, har ma ga kyakkyawan hoton da ya gina mai ban tsoro, halin mutumci da maganganun tsokana game da kansa da kuma kewaye. Ya yi rayuwa mai tsawo, fiye ko orasa da rayuwa mai farin ciki, ya auri ɗayan sa sai kawai Gala (wanda aka ambata a cikin yanayin Faransanci, tare da girmamawa kan sigar ta ƙarshe), wanda ya ɗora wa ibadar da kuma yin bautar ga sauran rayuwarsa.
Fasali na aikin Salvador Dali: sanannu ne ga zane-zane na mika wuya, duk da cewa ya yi aiki a salo daban-daban - daga fifikon ilimi da kuma kima a cikin kuruciyarsa zuwa lokacin neoclassicism daga baya Ya kasance mai wasan dukkan kwastomomi: ya kirkira zane-zane, tambarin talla da na tsakiya, ya rubuta lamurran rubutu, rubuce-rubuce da ayyukan zane-zane, littattafan dafa abinci da lithographs. Ba ya jin kunyar lamuntawa da ra'ayoyi da yawa game da zane-zane na mashahurin masters - Velazquez, Vermeer da sauransu.
Zuwan na biyu
Samuwar halayen mawakan nan gaba ya faru ne a yanayin da kusan hakan bai barshi damar kasancewa ya zama wani ba - wani wanda yafi al'ada kuma mara hankali. Baya ga dabi'a mai ban sha'awa da ta lalata da kuma shawo kan duk abubuwan da suka faru na ƙuruciya, yana da iyayen da ba su da hankali, ba kuma baƙi ga maganganun duniya a cikin ruhun sihiri.
Little Salvador ya girma a cikin ƙaramar gari amma garin alfahari na Figueres tare da dogon tarihi da burinsu a fagen nuna wariyar launin fata, alamu na ƙasashen Catalonia. (A nan gaba, mai zane zai bi diddigin maganganu tare da bayyana kansa a matsayin 'Catalan').
Mahaifin yaron ɗan bunƙasa ne na birni, amma mahaifiyarsa yar asalin garin Barcelona ce. Ba za ta iya yarda da mutuwar ɗan ɗanta na fari ba saboda rashin lafiya yana da shekaru biyu - kuma ta ɗauki ɗa na biyu, da aka haifa watanni 9 bayan mutuwarsa, a matsayin sake haifuwar ɗan fari. Sun kira shi iri ɗaya - Salvador ("mai ceto" a cikin Mutanen Espanya). Duk waɗannan labarun game da ɗan'uwansa wanda ya mutu, da kuma tafiye-tafiye zuwa kabarinsa a cikin shekarun da suka fi tausayi, ba su ƙara kwanciyar hankali ba ga ɗa wanda ya riga ya kasance mai ibada.
Koyaya, ya lalace sosai. A matsayinsa na wanda ya tsira, ya karɓi girmamawa ta sarauta, kuma yanayin fasahar mai zane a nan gaba ya yi farin ciki da sanin matsayin sarauta. Da yake an samo sutturar carnival da sandan sarauta a matsayin kyauta tun yana ɗan shekara biyar, Salvador zai ɗauki wannan rigar ta dace da matsayinsa kuma zai sa irin waɗannan sutura, har ma da zama dattijo mai launin toka.
Na matasa eh da wuri
Tun yana dan shekara shida, yaron ya nuna sha'awar zane, kuma sallamawa yana takawa a cikin hannayensa: ba a karfafa shi kawai ba, har ma da sanya masaukin baki daya domin gudanar da bitar, share dakin wanki a farfajiyar gidan daga sharar. A nan yana yin komai a kullun a zana wuraren keɓaɓɓu kuma yana da shekaru goma ya zana zanen farko na man a cikin salon kwaikwayon.
Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, an riga an nuna aikinsa ga jama'a a cikin wani baje kolin a Figueres, kuma bayan ƙarin uku ya zama ɗalibi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Fine a Madrid. A nan, abubuwan da ke samar da tushen nasarar Dali a nan gaba an bayyana su sosai: ban da kyawawan buri da kwarewa ta musamman, yana da ma'ana, juriya da kuma nuna kwarewa: “Ban rataye kan titi ba, ban taɓa zuwa fina-finai ba, ban taɓa zuwa abokaina ba a Gida. Na dawo na rufe a cikin dakina don ci gaba da aiki ni kaɗai, - Dali ya tuno da lokacin karatunsa na ɗalibi. "A safiyar ranar Lahadi, na tafi gidan kayan tarihi na Prado kuma na ɗauki kundin zane-zane daga makarantu daban-daban ... Mahaifina, wanda darektan kuma mawaki Markin ya sanar (wanda ya bar ni a ƙarƙashin tarkolage) cewa na kasance ina jagorancin rayuwar ƙabila. Sau da yawa ya rubuta mini wasiƙa, yana ba ni shawara in yi tafiya a kusa da maƙwabta, in je gidan wasan kwaikwayo, in ɗauki hutu a wurin aiki. Amma komai ya lalace ... Rayuwata ta ciki ta gamsar da ita. Kuma kowane irin nishaɗin ya ƙi ni. ”
Duk da sha'awar aikinsa, har yanzu yana neman lokaci don samun masaniya da tattaunawa tare da Federico Garcia Lorca da Luis Bunuel. Amintakar abokantaka za ta haɗu da shi na farko, da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa a cikin sinima tare da na biyu. Duk da cikakkiyar sadaukarwar zanen, Dali bai iya karatun digiri na uku ba. Ruhun sa na ƙauna ta 'yanci ya kasance kusa da bangon Cibiyar, inda yakamata a daina tunanin kere kere. Ya fara adawa da malamai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma daga karshe aka kore shi. Madadin yin nazari, mawakin ya gwammace ya tafi Paris, wanda aka san shi da kyawawan ɗabi'unsa, kuma ya riƙa faɗuwa cikin duniyar zane-zane mai ban sha'awa a wurin, bayan da ya sami masaniya da mawaƙin sauraren baƙon Andre Breton da Pablo Picasso.
Flying a cikin mafarki kuma a zahiri
Shekarar 1929 ta zama ƙasa ta Dali: ya zama memba na ƙungiyar Surrealist kuma ya sami masaniya da Gala. Elena Dyakonova, matar mawaƙin Paul Eluard ta asalin Rasha, ta cika shekaru 10 da Dali kuma ya buge shi da farko. Tun bayan ziyarar ta zuwa Cadakes tare da mijinta, basu rabu da El Salvador ba. Dangantakar tasu ta haifar da rushewar alakar mawakin da 'yar uwarsa, wacce ba ta yarda da kungiyar ba, amma ba wanda kuma sannan babu abin da zai iya tsayawa a tsakaninsu.
Ma'aurata sun zauna a wani karamin gidan kamun kifi a Port Lligat, wanda a nan gaba zasu girma zuwa cikakken mazaunin Dali. Gala yana ɗaukar ayyukan mai sarrafa zane-zane, Natanci, kayan tarihi kuma ya ba shi damar da kansa gabaɗaɗa cikin aikin. Kulawarsa tana haifar da 'ya'ya: a wannan lokacin ne Dali ya rubuta ayyukan littafin sa, kamar su The Persistence of Memory (1931), Babban Masturbator (1929), ko The Face of May West (1935). Gudanarwa don yin jayayya tare da masu mika wuya - har ma a gare su ra'ayoyi da m Mutanen Espanya sun yi yawa. Amma ya daina buƙatar kamfani. Yana da gala.
A shekara ta 1934, bayan kisan auren Gala tare da Eluard, an yi rijistar aurensu bisa hukuma (kuma a Ikilisiya - bayan haka - 1958). Lokacin da yaƙi ya isa Turai, ma'auratan suna sauri su bar Tsohon Duniya kuma su tafi Sabon, inda zasuyi shekaru takwas masu zuwa. A cikin Amurka, Dali ya zama sananne a cikin duk fannoni: yana rubuta littattafai, ƙirƙirar zane-zane, ya riƙe nune-nunen hotuna, rataye tare da taurarin showbiz, kuma yana nuna halayen dutsen.
A yayin daya daga cikin hikimominsa na kasa, kusan ya sha wahala sosai. Dali ya kamata ya yi lafazi a kan wanda bai sani ba a New Burlington Gallery, inda ya fito a sarari da aka yi wa ado da tambarin Mercedes-Benz. Tare da greyhounds guda biyu sun haɗa kayan tare a leash a hannu ɗaya da farantin biliya a ɗayan. Amma ba wanda ya yi tunanin cewa in ba tare da tsarin samar da iskar oxygen ta musamman mai zane zai fara shaye-shaye ba, kuma lokacin da ya fara faruwa, ba mai sauƙi bane ya kwantar da kansa daga kwalkwali. Dole ne a buge kansa a zahiri tare da guduma, sautin da har yanzu ake jinsa na dogon lokaci a cikin kunnen Dali. Amma masu sauraro ba su yi zargin cewa akwai wani yanayi na gaggawa ba - akasin haka, masu sauraro sun yanke hukuncin cewa akwai wani aiki da aka mika wuya, kuma sun yaba da yadda ake sakin malamin daga tarkon.
Wani mashahurin mai ban tsoro Alice Cooper ya tuno: “A New York, Dali ya kasance baƙi mafi yawan maraba. Frank Zappa, John Lennon, Iggy Pop, Alice Cooper, Andy Warhol, Jacqueline Kennedy na iya kasancewa a cikin daki daya, amma lokacin da Salvador Dali ya shigo, akwai radawa "Oh, Salvador Dali ce." Ya kadu matuka saboda ya kasance yana gani tun 1920s kuma ya kasance mai hauka fiye da kowa. ”
Koyaya, mawakin ya sadaukar da ransa sosai ga kasarsu, kuma, duk da shahara da dama ta rashin kudi a Amurka, ya koma Spain ya zauna a can har zuwa karshen kwanakinsa.
Kuma suka rayu na dogon lokaci
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, dangantakar Dali tare da Gala ta daina zama mara nauyi. Kowannensu yana da nasa rayuwar: tana da jerin gwanon masoya matasa, wadanda mawakin ya juya makaho, yana da ƙaunar platonic a cikin mutumin Amanda Lear. A qarshe, Gala ya dage kan sayan wani gida na daban, kuma Salvador, a cikin dabi'unta na al'ada, ya samo mata katanga, wanda aka bashi izinin ziyarta tun kafin sanar da sanarwa.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, kusan Dali ya daina rubutu. Duk da wannan, zane-zanen sa an ƙone shi don yawan rikodin, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fasaha da aka biya a duk rayuwarsa. Kuma a cikin 1982, ya karɓi taken Marquis daga Sarki Juan Carlos.
A wannan shekarar, yayin da ake girmamawa sosai (a ƙarƙashin shekara casa'in - an ɓoye ainihin adadi a hankali) Gala ya mutu. Shi kuma Dali bai kasance saurayi ba, kuma rashin lafiya ya rinjaye shi. Yana motsawa ya zauna a cikin katangar Gala kuma a can nan da nan ya mutu daga muradin ƙaunataccensa. An kara azaba ga mai zane da wuta inda yake jin ƙone na biyar na jikinsa, amma har ma wannan ya sami damar rayuwa.
Amma shekaru da cuta suna kashe kansu: Dali ta zama mai yawan shakku da wariya. Ya kwashe shekaru na ƙarshe ya koma baya a cikin Hasumiyar Galatea a cikin Figueres, kusa da gidan kayan wasan kwaikwayon da aka fi so da kansa da aka kafa. A nan ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa na kwanan nan, amma launin toka-mai-gashi, disheveled, da wuya ya motsa tsohon ya rigaya ya yi kama da wancan mai girman kai, kamar yadda masu sauraronsa suka tuna. A cikin 1989, a shekara ta 85 na rayuwarsa, zuciyar mawakin ta tsaya.
Kimanin magoya bayan dubu biyu ne suka zo yin ban kwana da Dali cikin kwana biyu. Ya ba da kansa don binne kansa a ƙarƙashin girar gilashi a ɗaya daga cikin dakunan kwanan kayan tarihi na baƙi don baƙi su iya tafiya kusa da kabarinsa. Kuma mawakin ya bar dukiyar sa mai yawa ta kusan dala miliyan 10 ga ƙaunataccen - Spain.
Teal Salvadori
Teal Salvadori ko Salvadori duck (Salvadorina waigiuensis) wani bangare ne na anseriformes kuma yana cikin gidan duck.
Wannan nau'in mallakar halittar monotypic Salvadorina ne, wanda baya samar da ƙungiyoyi. Dangane da fasalulluka da yawa na gilasan, Salvadori wani bangare ne na halittar kansa kuma ya faɗi cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin Tadorninae, waɗanda ke haɓaka ducks waɗanda ke da irin wannan daidaitawa don zama a cikin koguna. Sunan da Teal Salvadori ya karɓa da girmamawa ga ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar ƙasar Italiya na karni na goma sha takwas Tommaso Salvadori. Ma'anar waigiuensis ta fito ne daga sunan yanki Waigeo, wanda ke nufin wani tsibiri kusa da New Guinea.
Teal Salvadori ko Salvadori duck (Salvadorina waigiuensis)
Alamomin waje na Salvadori
Teal Salvadori ɗan ƙaramin jirgin ruwa ne mai girman kansa wanda girmansa yakai kimanin 342 grams.
Ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan ducks a cikin madaidaicin launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi da baki. Tumbi yana cike da launi da rawaya mai launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi. Sauran ducks na Australiya, masu kama da Teal Salvadori, suna da haske da tabo mai ɗaukar hoto kuma launin toka mai kauri ne. Teal Salvadori ƙafafunsa ruwan lemo mai launi. Mace da namiji suna da kusan sura iri ɗaya.
Teal Salvadori Yayi
Teal Salvadori wani nau'in halitta ne masu matukar kyau da aka samu a tsaunukan New Guinea (Papua, Indonesia da Papua New Guinea). Wataƙila ana nan a tsibirin Veijo na Indonesiya, amma wannan hasashe ne kawai, tun da ba a lura da irin ƙarfin Salvadori a cikin waɗannan wurare ba.
Teal Salvadori wani nau'in halitta ne na tarnaki da aka samo a tsaunukan New Guinea
Harkar Salvador Habitats
Ana samun Teal Salvadori a ƙananan wurare. Ana samun su a nisan mil 70 a cikin tafkin Lakekamu, amma galibi suna yaduwa a duk tsibirin a cikin kowane tsaunin dutse. Ducks sun fi son koguna da rafuffuka masu sauri, kodayake suna kan bayyana a kan tafkunan ruwa masu tsauri. Gidajen Teal Salvadori ba su da fa'ida da rufin asiri. Sun jagoranci rayuwa mai sirri kuma, watakila, ba a sani ba.
Siffofin halayyar Salvadori
Teal Salvadori ya fi so ya zauna a wuraren tsaunuka.
An lura da tsuntsayen a bakin tafkin a nisan nisan mita 1650 a Foya (Western New Guinea). Sun sami ikon haye sararin dajin mai yawa don nemo wurin zama. Kodayake nau'in suna nuna wuraren zama masu kyau a nisan mil 70 zuwa 100, amma galibi waɗannan duwatsun suna yada aƙalla mita 600 kuma a tsauni mai tsayi.
Teal Salvadori ya jagoranci rayuwar sirri
Salvadori yaduwa
Teal Salvadori zaɓi wuraren nishaɗar kusa da kandami. Tsuntsayen gida suna kusa da kogunan koguna masu gudu da koguna da tafkuna masu tsayi. Wasu lokuta, sukan zauna akan kogunan ruwa mai sannu a hankali tare da abinci mai yawa. Wannan nau'in ducks ba flocking kuma akwai ko dai mutane guda ɗaya ko kuma nau'i-nau'i daga manyan tsuntsaye. Yankunan yankuna na da matsakaicin tsarin ƙira, waɗanda ke dogara da yanayin cikin gida. Misali, wasu tsuntsayen sun mamaye wani yanki mai nisan mil mita 1,600 a bakin kogin Baiyer, kuma a Kogin Menga, wani yanki mai nisan mita 160 ya isa ga tsuntsaye.
Wannan nau'in ducks sun fi son su sauka kan ƙananan haraji, kuma a kan manyan tashoshin kogin suna bayyana sau da yawa sau da yawa.
Lokacin kiwo yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, wataƙila a watan Janairu. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, mason biyu a shekara yana yiwuwa. Gida yana kan ƙasa ko kusa da bakin teku a cikin ciyayi mai yawa, wani lokacin tsakanin kabilu. A cikin kama daga 2 zuwa 4 qwai. Sai kawai mata su sanya masonry na kimanin kwanaki 28. Za a yi wasan zana a cikin kasa da kwanaki 60. Duk tsoffin tsuntsaye biyu suna korar ducklings, macen tana iyo da kajin dake zaune a bayan ta.
Saurayi Tev Salvadori
Haraji
Lokacin da Walter Rothschild da Ernst Hartert suka fara bayyana Teal Salvadori a cikin 1894, sun sanya shi a cikin halittar monotypic na lokaci guda. Salvadorina. Ba ta da tallafi. A farko, ana sanya shi sau biyu tare da dutsen rafin Kudancin Amurka da kuma duck na New Zealand - nau'ikan biyu masu siyayya masu tsinkaye - a cikin kabilar da ake kira Merganettini. A cikin 1940s, Ernst Mayr ya canza halittar zuwa ducks. Anthrax samar da abubuwa da yawa game da kayan jikin mutum. Daga baya ne aka mayar da shi cikin nasa halittar kuma ya koma cikin kwafin Tadorninae, wanda ya hada da duffan rakodi da kuma dutsen shudi, wanda a yanayin saduwa ya sami karbuwa ga mazaunin dutsen. Duk ko wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan zasu iya rayuwa a zahiri asalin tsohuwar ruwan ruwan Gondwanan (Sraml) da sauransu 1996).
Duan wasan duhun talakawa da sunayen usan asalin, duka suna yin bikin tunawa da masaniyar karnin Italia na karni na 18 Tommaso Salvadori. waigiuensis Sunan nau'in yana nufin Waigeo (wanda kuma ake kira Waigiu), wani tsibiri kusa da New Guinea.
Range da mazauni
Teal Salvadori 'yar asalin kasar New Guinea ce, kodayake an bayar da rahoton nau'in nau'in nau'in tsibirin Veijo na Indonesiya, akwai wasu shakku game da gaskiyar wannan da'awar, saboda ba a samo jinsin a can ba. Wani mazaunin a tsaunukan tsafe-tsafe daga, tebur Salvadori ya fi son gudana da koguna da rafuffuka masu sauri, kodayake ana samun wasu lokuta a cikin tafkuna masu tsauri.
Kiyayewa da barazanar
Unionungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kula da Halittar (IUCN) ta lissafa Teal Salvadori a matsayin mai rauni. Kimanin yawan mutanen duniya da aka kiyasta ya kai tsakanin 2,500 zuwa 9,999 wadanda suka manyanta ana ganin zasu ragu a matakin matsakaici.Lokacin farauta, lalata gida da tsinkaye daga karnuka suna daga cikin barazanar, wannan nau'in fuska, da gasa tare da kifin wasanni na gabatarwa na iya haifar da matsaloli.
- Beehler, Bruce M., Pratt, Thane K. & Zimmerman, Dale A. (1986): tsuntsaye na sabon Guinea. Princeton Jami'ar Press, New Jersey.
- Sraml, M., Christidis, L., Easteal, S., Horn, P. & Rim, C. (1996): Dangantakar Yanayi Tsakanin Tsarkakakkun Waterfowl (Anseriformes). Jaridar Australiya ta Zoology44 (1): 47-58. (Takaita HTML)
Matsayin Kariya na Salvador
Teal Salvadori an rarrabe shi azaman jinsin masu rauni ta IUCN (IUCN). A yanzu an kiyasta yawan mutanen duniya tsakanin manya biyu da dubu 2 da 20,000 kuma ana kyautata zaton adadin tsuntsayen marasa galihu na ci gaba da raguwa, kamar yadda aka daidaita yanayin Salvadori don zama a cikin ƙwararrun masaniyar, don haka adadin nata zai kasance kaɗan.
Dalilai na raguwa a yawan adadin saval Salvadori
Yawan Teal Salvadori yana raguwa a hankali.
Wannan ragewar ta kasance ne sakamakon lalacewar muhalli, galibi saboda lalata koguna, musamman bayan gina tsirrai masu samar da wutar lantarki da ci gaban masana'antar hakar ma'adinai da kuma ayyukan shiga. Kodayake ana iya ganin wannan tasiri kawai a cikin ƙananan yankuna. Farauta da tsinkayar karnuka, gasa gasa a cikin kamun kifi kuma suna kawo babbar barazana ga kasancewar jinsin. Yin kiwo a kan koguna tare da kogunan ruwa mai sauri yana iya zama haɗari ga ƙarancin tela saboda gasar abinci mai gina jiki.
Yawan Teal Salvadori yana raguwa a hankali.
Matakan kiyayewa don Salvadori
Teal Salvadori nau'in halitta ne da doka ta kiyaye shi a Papua New Guinea. Wannan nau'in duck abu ne na bincike na musamman. A saboda wannan dalili wajibi ne:
- Don gudanar da binciken kogunan a wuraren da aka sami Teal na Salvadori da kuma tantance matsayin tasirin cutar anthropogenic akan rayuwar tsuntsu.
- Don tantance matsayin rinjayar farauta a kan adadin ƙwararrun ducks.
- Bincika tasirin tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan kogin har zuwa kogin, kazalika da sakamakon gurɓataccen iska daga ayyukan hako ma'adinai da ayyukan ginin.
- Binciki koguna tare da kifin kifaye masu yawa kuma gano tasirin kasancewar waɗannan kifayen a yawan adadin kifin.
- Bincika tasirin abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli a cikin tabkuna da koguna.
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