A cikin kasuwar hasken wuta, LEDs suna samun karbuwa cikin hanzari. Manyan kamfanoni na duniya a cikin samar da hasken jagoranci suna kiyaye shinge a farashin, wanda ke sa kayayyakinsu tsada sosai ga masu siyar da Rasha. Samun LEDs a Rasha yana samun ƙaruwa ne kawai. Bari mu kalli yadda ake samar da LED, duba fasahar samarwa da kamfanonin da ke yin hakan.

Siffofin Halitta

Kowane kamfani yana ɓoye hanyar fasaha a bayan labulen asirin kasuwanci. Don haka, ba zai yuwu a bayyanar da cikakkun abubuwan kirkirar ba, kodayake, zamuyi kokarin bayar da dabaru game da samarwa. Dukkanin tsarin ya kasu kashi-kashi. Bari mu ga menene waɗannan matakan kuma za mu bincika kowane ɗayansu daki-daki daki-daki.

A wannan matakin, ana ɗaukar fitila mai kristal (ana amfani da safen safen fata a mafi yawan lokaci), an sanya shi cikin ɗakuna na musamman.

Dakin cike yake da gaurayawan gas na abubuwanda ake so kuma suka fara zafi. Wannan tsari ana kiransa pyrolysis. Sakamakon haka, fim mai lu'ulu'u da yawa a lokacin farin ciki na girma a cikin murhun tarin lu'ulu'u.

Bayan haka, sai a watsa lambobin a jikin fim din da kuma hadewar da ta biyo baya zuwa dubban kwakwalwan kwamfuta.

Chip rarrabewa da Kategorien

Wannan matakin ana kiransa rarrabewa, tunda kwakwalwar kwakwalwar da aka kirkira daga wannan simintin da aka kirkira a baya tana da tsari mai tarin yawa. Kwakwalwa sun bambanta a cikin sigogi sama da 150, amma akwai manyan alamun alamun rabuwa:

• a iyakar matsakaicin hasken rana,
• ta ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfi.

An rarraba kwakwalwan cikin rukuni tare da sigogi masu dacewa. Wannan yana ba ku damar cimma iyakar kamaɗan samfuran samfuran.

Halittar samfuran LED

Akwai zaɓi na ruwan tabarau na musamman da aka yi da silicone, filastik ko gilashi. A hankali, za'a iya ƙara phosphor. LED yana haɗuwa kuma ana gwada ƙarfin kowane LED akan benci na musamman.

Kuna iya kallon cikakkun bayanai game da samar da LED, rarrabuwa ta rukuni da ƙirƙirar samfurori dangane da LEDs a cikin wannan bidiyon:

Production a Rasha

Duk da cewa fasahar Rasha ba ta baya da ta Turai, samarwa da kayayyakin LED ya ƙaru zuwa yankuna na Rasha.

Kamfanin masana'antu na LED a Rasha an san shi da maki biyu:

• kamfanoni waɗanda ke yin cikakken samar da sake zagayowar LEDs,
• kamfanoni suna tara LEDs daga kwakwalwan da aka shigo dasu da kayan masarufi.

Tun da masana'antar LED a Rasha ta fara samun ci gaba, masana'antu tare da cikakken sake zagayowar samar da LED ba abu ne mai wuya ba. Ainihin, masana'antun Rasha na samfuran jagorancin suna aiki tare da kayan da aka shigo da su.

Sanannun masana'antun LED

Masana'antar LED ta duniya, kamar kowane, tana da shugabanninta. Daga cikin kamfanonin da suka jagoranci manyan mukamai a cikin kera da tallan kayayyakin LED, akwai guda biyar daga cikin shahararrun:

1. Kamfanin kamfanin kamfaninhiahia na Nichia kamfani ne daga kasar Japan. Yana sayar da phosphors na launuka iri-iri. Hakanan haɓaka layin haske mai aiki da hasken wutar lantarki ta Laser.
2. Samsung LED kamfani ne na Koriya ta Kudu samfuran samfuran da aka jagoranta. Babban filin aiki: samarwa da sayarwar abubuwa da aka yi dasu da shuɗin fata. Shiga cikin bincike da ci gaba.
3. Osram Opto Semiconductors shine babban kamfanin kamfanin kera masana'antun kasar ta Jamus. Babban samfuran shigo da kamfanin shine LEDs.
4. LG Innotek - yana haɓaka abubuwan haɗin LED. Dangane da abubuwan da LG ya ƙunsa, an ƙirƙiri na'urori masu auna firikwensin da abubuwan ɗorewa masu amfani da hasken wuta.
5. Seoul Semiconductor kamfani ne na Koriya wanda ya kware a masana'antar da aka jagoranta. Samfurin samarwa gida ne don samar da diodes mai haske.

Kamfanoni tare da amfanin da kayan amfanin gona da shigo da su.

Wadannan sun hada da:

• LLC TD Mayar da hankali, Fryazino, Yankin Moscow,
• MGK "Fasahar Lantarki" Ryazan,
• "Injiniyan Hasken Rana na Planar" St. Petersburg.

Kasuwancin Rasha yana wucewa kawai matakin kafa, don haka babban farashin kayan aiki don samar da LEDs yana rage jinkirin ci gaban wannan masana'antar.

Kammalawa

Samun kayan LEDs a Rasha shine kawai a matakin samarwa da haɓaka; ana iya kirga kamfanonin da suke akwai a yatsunsu. Yawancin albarkatun kasa ana siyan su ne a ƙasashen waje. Amma, ko da menene, kamfanonin Rasha suna haɓaka cikin hanzari a cikin wannan shugabanci kuma ba da daɗewa ba za su cancanci yin gasa tare da masana'antun ƙasashen waje.

Kashi na farko. Bayanin da aka dade ana jira na wakilan Optogan

Vladislav Bugrov, Mataimakin Shugaba na Optogan *

Me yasa fitilar Optolux E27 ta amfani da polycarbonate maimakon gilashi? Duk da cewa gilashin ya kai kimanin sau 2.5-3 fiye da polycarbonate, yana ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa don yin “kwan fitila” (an yi shi da polycarbonate da kauri sosai) fiye da mai gilashin gilashi, kuma don haka jimlar nauyi Wannan ɓangaren fitilar daidai yake. Bugu da kari, saboda babban kwan fitila, da kuma bukatar samar da wani dandamali na daban don “gluing” dinsa, an kara girman gidan radiyon aluminum, wanda shima yana tasiri kan farashin da nauyin fitilar.

Mun sanya diffuser don fitilar da aka sanya daga polycarbonate mai sanyi don dalilai biyu: da farko, wannan kayan ba zai iya kwance ba, kuma abu na biyu, mai rahusa ne.

Kuma yaya rahusa zaka iya faɗi farashin gilashi da polycarbonate da Optogan suke amfani dashi?

Mu, kamar kowane masana'anta, ba mu bayyana tsarin farashi na samfuranmu ba, polycarbonate yana kashe mana kusan 20% mai rahusa fiye da gilashi. Kodayake, hakika, duk yana dogara ne akan halaye da ake buƙata da kuma siffar mai watsawa. Dole ne a yarda cewa gilashin yana da fa'ida a wasu hanyoyi, musamman, yana da mafi kyawun watsawa. Misali, polycarbonate mai sanyi, wanda ke ba da kyallen hasken wutar lantarki, ya mamaye kusan 15%, yayin da gilashin daskarewa tare da halaye masu kama - 9-10%. A cikin manufa, a nan gaba muna shirin amfani da gilashi don wasu kayan gyara, da kuma wasu polycarbonate. Yayinda yake da mahimmanci don sanya kwan fitila ba zata yiwu ba, saboda kamar yadda ya juya, abu na farko da kowa (har da ku) ya bincika shine yadda zai doke.

Gidaje na kayan wuta na LED wanda masana'anta ta Optogan OLP-X5050F6 * suka yi daidai da na Sveta LED (SVL03P1-FX-XX). Shin waɗannan samfuran an sayi daga masana'antun ɓangare na uku ne ko kuwa ci gaban Optogan ne?

Baya ga samar da kayayyaki na Chip-on-Board (Optogan ya gabatar da ƙarni na biyu na COB a nunin kwanan nan na Interlight nuni, kamfanin Optogan, kamar wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin fitilar Optolux E27, yana sayar da LEDs wanda ya saya daga masana'antun ɓangare na uku, saboda haka, na gani daidaituwa na iya zama. Ba wai kawai a Optogan da Svetlana ba, har ma a yawancin masu masana'antar duniya. Bambanci a cikin wannan yanayin shine wanda ake amfani da guntu na LED a cikin daidaitaccen yanayin, kuma a cikin silicones da phosphors da aka yi amfani da su (a wannan yanayin, Mr. Bugrov yana nufin "gel" -fill ɗin dogara da silicone da phosphor).

Na sake maimaita cewa a cikin kwan fitila na Optolux, tushen hasken ba kwamiti bane da ke da fitilun LED, amma modal na LED ne kawai. A cikin wannan samfurin da muka kirkira, babu batun filastik, kuma kawai irin wannan samfurin misali ne na haɗaɗɗiyar mafita wanda muke ingantawa a kasuwa.

Matsakaicin gida tare da LEDs daga Optogan kafin shiryawa a cikin tef *

Ta yaya kamfanin yake shirin rage farashin kayayyakin da aka gama sau 2?

Mai sauqi qwarai: ta hanyar tattalin arziqi. Kodayake wannan bai isa ba koyaushe. Yanzu ni mai ba da shawara ne ko'ina (a tebur zagaye, a cikin tambayoyin da yawa, a Interlight na gaya muku) - kuna buƙatar shiga cikin hanyoyin haɗin kai. Mataki na farko da kuka gani. Idan ka watsar da kwararan fitila na masana'antun daban-daban, to a cikin mafi yawanci zaku ga LEDs guda ɗaya, da kuma direba ɗaiɗaikun, ya ƙunshi kayan aikin lantarki. Kuma duk abin da mutum zai faɗi, amma ya juya cewa ana amfani da adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu hankali. Kuma mun dauki mataki na farko zuwa ga haɗin kai - mun haɓaka tsarin haɗa hasken wuta (COB).

Mataki na gaba shine zamu haɓaka cikin haɗawar direba, sannan zamuyi ƙoƙarin haɗa samfurori daban-daban cikin mafita guda. Yayi kama da canzawa zuwa microchips lokacin da ya dace. Da zarar akwai kwamfyutocin da ke mamaye ɗakuna da ma gine-gine. Sannan suka kirkiri kwakwalwan semiconductor. Yanzu farashin microcircuits ya bambanta daga ɗaruruwan daloli a kowace masana'anta zuwa raka'a na dala don waɗansu mafita masu sauƙi. A cikin fasaha mai haske zai kasance kusan iri ɗaya. Ga falsafar mu.

Wataƙila mafita ta COB tare da babban LED ɗin ba ta barata ba (alal misali, zazzabin zafi yana taɓarɓarewa, wanda zai iya haifar da 'lalacewa' na ƙirar LED)? Wataƙila ya cancanci ɗaukar hanyar shugabannin kasuwar duniya?

Saboda COB, i.e. haɓakar haɗin kai zai taimaka wajen rage farashin a gaba. Amma game da tabarbarewa da matsewar zafi - wannan magana ce mara kuskure.

Matsayin juriya na wutar lantarki na yau da kullun da aka fi amfani da 0 W na LED a cikin 5630 Rjs (tsinkayar tsinkaye) shine kusan 40-60 K / W. Lokacin da aka ɗora wannan LED ko da a kan katako na ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin juriya (na yau da kullun na 1-4 K / W), saboda kasancewar ɗakunan keɓancewar keɓancewa tsakanin abokan hulɗa daga gindi, jimlar juriya Rjb (janar-board) zai zama jimlar juriya na jirgin kuma KYAUTA, i.e. kusan daidai yake da ƙarfin juriya na LED (a mafi kyawun 7K / W, a cikin aikace-aikacen hali> 40K / W).

A cikin COB module ɗin, ana dasa kwakwalwan kai tsaye a kan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, wanda ke ba da izinin Rjb (board-junction)
Da fari dai, cikakken jerin labaranda aka buga akan Habré:

Abu na biyuBaya ga rubutun HabraHabr, za a iya karantawa da kuma duban labarai a kan Nanometer.ru, YouTube, da kuma Dian Adam.

Abu na uku, idan kuna karatu, masoyi mai karatu, kuna son labarin ko kuma kuna son karfafa rubutun sababbi, to sai aci gaba da wadannan maxim: "Biyan abin da kake so"

Zubar dashi

Babu kwararan fitila ko kwararan fitila da ke buƙatar ɗaukar matakan diski na musamman. Ba kamar luminescent ba. Phosphor na ko da fitilu na zamani sun hada da Mercury: mai guba ne mai wahala, mawuyacin maimaita abu. Bugu da kari, yana da fasalin da ba shi da kyau sosai: ba a keɓe shi daga jiki ba, ya tara a ciki, kuma a tsawon lokaci cutarwarsa na haɓaka, har zuwa siffofin guba mai tsanani.

Ba dalili ba ne cewa a cikin mafi yawan ƙasashe masu tasowa an zartar da dokoki waɗanda ke buƙatar matakai na musamman don zubar da fitilar.

Production.

Don haka, na'urorin LED ne waɗanda suka fi dacewa da tsabtace mahalli. Amma akwai tashi a cikin maganin shafawa. LED kanta tana da babban inganci wajen sauya wutar lantarki zuwa haske. Amma ba za ku iya haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ta AC ba, kuna buƙatar mai musanyawa na musamman. Amma abubuwan haɗinsa sun riga sun fitar da zafi mai yawa kuma suna buƙatar babban radiator na aluminum. Samun aluminum yana da ƙarfin jiki sosai (electrolysis) kuma tare da sakin yawancin adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar sulfuric acid da carbon monoxide.

Tsayawa akan masana kimiyya suna da sauqi, idan ba prosaic ba: a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa suna hango bayyanar da karin daidaituwa kuma, gwargwadon haka, karin radiyo mai muhalli.

A bangarena, Ina so in lura cewa karuwa a cikin ingancin abubuwan da aka gyara na fitilun LED ba kawai zai rage yawan tsarin sanyaya ba, amma zai kara inganta yanayin tsarin gaba ɗaya.