Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Platin |
Babban tawaga: | Entirƙira |
Duba: | Hare |
Zayats-Rusak (lat. Lepus europaeus) - dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dabi'ar halittar haro suke ba da izinin zomo.
Bayyanar
Ya kasance ga manyan hares: tsawon jikin 57-65 cm, nauyi kilogiram 4-6, da wuya ya kai kilogiram 7. Ana samun mafi girman mutane a arewa da arewa maso gabas na kewayon. Jiki yana da rauni. A waje, rosace ta bambanta sosai da fararen wadda ke da kunnuwa masu tsayi (9.4-14 cm), dogo mai kamanni (7.2-14 cm tsayi) na launin baki ko baƙi mai launin ruwan kasa-sama. Idanu sunyi ja sosai. Hagu na hindu ya fi na fari fara, amma safin ya fi guntu da tazara (tsayin kafa 13.6-18-18 cm), tunda roe yana zaune a yankuna inda sigar dusar kankara ke da rauni da wahala. Wadannan nau'ikan sun bambanta da juna a cikin nau'i na tsararrakin hunturu: suna kama da ƙwallan da aka raba a cikin fata, da kuma ɗan ƙarami elongated, ƙirar kwai, tare da ƙaramin diamita a cikin kifi Whales
Launin launuka na rani shine ocher-launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, ocher-ja ko ruwan zaitun, a cikin launuka daban-daban. Manyan ɓoyayyun ƙorafi masu duhu waɗanda aka kafa ta ƙarshen gashin gashi suna halayyar su. Ofarshen gashin da suka rage suna da kyau. The gashi ne m, silky, lura da laifi. Yankunan sun fi sauƙi baya, ciki yana da fari, ba tare da torowa ba. A kusa da idanu fararen zobba ne. Hannun kunnuwan suna baƙi baki duk shekara. Jawo lokacin hunturu kadan ya fi haske lokacin sanyi (sabanin fararen hulɗa, ƙankararraki baya taɓa yin dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu), kai, dabarun kunnuwa da gaban baya sun kasance duhu a cikin hunturu. Dimorphism na jima'i a launi ba ya nan. Akwai kwayoyi 48 a cikin karyotype.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Hare Rusak
Hareungiyar zomo kamar kusan shekaru miliyan 65 kenan, saboda ya taso a farkon farkon Tertiary. Ya girma daga reshe na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yawancin masana kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa ya fito ne daga magabatan al'ummomin zamani. Ganye mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da mafi kusancinsa, farin zomo, ya taba wakiltar wani nau'in farare. Amma daga baya ya fada cikin jinsuna biyu ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayi daban-daban.
Zomo wakili ne na dangin Zaitsev (Leporidae), daga dabi'ar Zaitsev. Yana da rassa da yawa waɗanda suke da wasu fasali na waje:
- Rusak ta Tsakiya (L. e. Hybridus),
- Matsuma Rusak (L. e. Tesquorum),
- Rusak Turai (L. e. Europaeus).
Rusak babban wakilin ƙwara ne. Nauyinta yana kan matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 4-6, wani lokacin yakan kai kilogiram 7. A Arewa da Arewa maso gabas, manyan mutane sun fi yawa. Tsawon jiki shine cm 58-68. Jikin kuda ya zube, siriri, dan kadan daga bangarorin.
Gabatar da gajere fiye da kafafu biyu. Bugu da kari, adadin yatsunsu a kansu ya bambanta: akwai 4 a bayan, da kuma 5 a kan gaba .. A kan cinyoyin paws, Rusak yana da farin goge na ulu. Wutsiya takaice - daga 7 zuwa 12 cm tsayi, aka nuna a ƙarshen. Tsawon kunnuwan yakai kimanin 11-14 cm, sun fi girman girman kai, kuma a ƙasan kunnuwan suna samar da bututu.
Bidiyo: Bunny rabb
Idanun launin ruwan kasa suna da launi mai launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi, suna da zurfi kuma suna duban bangarorin, wanda ke inganta hangen nesa. Neckunƙun yana da rauni, amma yana da sassauƙa, godiya ga wanda bera zai iya juya kansa da kyau ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wannan dabba tana da hakora 28. Kayan aikin 'yan kurege yayi kama da dabbobin.
Hare - dabbobi suna da natsuwa, yawanci basa yin sauti. Suna kuka ne kawai daga azaba, rauni, ko wani fata idan an kama su. Tare da taimakon shuru mai natsuwa, mace zata iya kiranta zomaye. Mai jin tsoro, suna sa sauti danna tare da hakora.
Tsakaninsu, thean wasan ya yi magana ta hanyar buga paws. Wadannan saututtuka suna da matukar tunawa game da dutsen duru. Hares mashahuran masu gudu ne - a madaidaiciyar layi zasu iya kaiwa da sauri zuwa 60 km / h. Wadannan halittu masu wayo suna da ikon rikitar da waƙoƙin. Kuma suna yin tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle kuma suna iyo sosai.
Miƙa
Kamar yadda yake tare da dukkan hares, yin motsi a cikin rodents faruwa a bazara da damina. Springarfin bazara a koyaushe yana farawa ne a rabin rabin Maris kuma yana kwana 75-80, yana ƙare a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Yana gudana mafi sauri cikin watan Afrilu, lokacin da ulu ya fadi zuwa shreds. Babban jigon molting yana kan kai zuwa wutsiya. A cikin kaka, gashi lokacin rani sannu a hankali ya fadi, kuma lokacin farin ciki da ciyawar hunturu ke tsiro a maimakon su. Hanyar kaka molt ta dawo zuwa gabar bazara - tana farawa da kwatangwalo, sannan ta wuce zuwa kicin, dutsen, goshin da kuma bangarorin. Dogon lokacin bazara mafi dadewa ya kasance akan bango da kusa da idanu. Shedding yawanci yana farawa a watan Satumba, yana ƙare a ƙarshen Nuwamba, kodayake ana iya jinkirta shi har zuwa Disamba a cikin yanayin dumi.
Rarraba
Rusak wata dabba ce ta Turai, Yammaci da Asiya ,arama, da Arewacin Afirka. Mazaunin mu na arewa bazai fara ba daga tsakiyar Quaternary. A halin yanzu, ana rarraba shi a cikin matakai, dajin-tudu, tundra da kuma low-kwance na yankin daji na Turai, a arewa zuwa Ireland, Scotland, kudancin Sweden da Finland, a kudu - zuwa Turkiya, Transcaucasia, Iran, arewacin yankin Larabawa, Arewacin Afirka, Arewacin Kazakhstan. Burbushin ya kasance sananne ne daga ɗakunan ajiya na Pleistocene na Azerbaijan da Crimea.
A cikin Rasha, ana samun shi a duk yankin Turai na ƙasar zuwa iyakar Ladoga da Onega, Arewacin Dvina, sannan iyakar rarraba ta ratsa ta Kirov, Perm, ta haye tsaunin Ural, ta hanyar Kurgan zuwa yankin Pavlodar na Kazakhstan. Yankin kudu ya ratsa Transcaucasia, tekun Caspian, Ustyurt, yankin arewacin tekun Aral zuwa Karaganda. Kasancewa cikin yankuna da yawa na Kudancin Siberiya (yankuna ƙwallon ƙafa na Altai, Salair da Kuznetsk Alatau). An samar da shi a cikin yankunan Altai da Krasnoyarsk, a cikin yankunan Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Irkutsk da Chita. Kasancewa a cikin Yankin Gabas: wanda aka sake shi a cikin Khabarovsk Territory a cikin 1963-1964 (Yahudawa mai cin gashin kansa Oblast), a cikin 1965 - a cikin yankin Primorsky Territory (Ussuri da Mikhailovsky). A Buryatia, ba a sami nasarar yunƙurin neman ƙarin nasara ba.
A zahiri ta zauna a Arewacin Amurka. Don haka, an kawo wani launin ruwan kasa zuwa Jihar New York a cikin 1893 kuma a cikin 1912 zuwa Ontario (Kanada). Yanzu an samo shi musamman a yankin Manyan Tabkuna. Hakanan an shigo da shi cikin Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, an cika shi a cikin New Zealand da kuma yankuna na Kudancin Australia, inda ya zama kwaro.
Rayuwa
Mahalli na bude wurare, gandun daji-steppe ,pepe, shimfidar wurare a hamada. Babban wuraren zama a cikin gandun daji sune wuraren bude: gonaki, makiyaya, gefuna, gungumen giya, daɗi, da wuta. A cikin zurfin mashigar coniferous yana da wuya, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin gandun daji, kodayake ya fi son gandun daji anan. Abokan kasuwancin da suke ƙaunar wuraren wuraren da ƙasar noma ta ke da ƙaramar gawar, ciyayi a cikin daji da kuma hanyar kwari da gulli. A cikin gandun daji-steppe da steppe bangarorin an same shi tare da katako, ambaliyar kogin, tare da adibas da albarkatun gona na hatsi. A cikin tsaunika, ya isa yankin mai tsayi, yana zaune ba wai kawai tsaunin dutse ba, har ma a cikin gandun daji. A lokacin rani yakan hau cikin tsaunuka zuwa 1,500-2,000 m, a cikin hunturu yana sauka. Duk inda gravitates zuwa ƙauyuka (musamman a cikin hunturu), kazalika ga wuraren sharan ruwa.
A yadda aka saba, garkuwa wata dabba ce mai zaman kanta. Ya danganta da abinci mai gina jiki, zai iya tsayawa a kodayaushe a wani rukunin yanar gizo, yana mamaye 30-50 ha. A wasu yankuna, sauro ke yawo yau da kullun daga wuraren shakatawa zuwa wuraren ciyarwa, tafiya mai nisan kilo mil biyu. Har ila yau ana yin motsi na yanayi, a lokacin kaka da damuna, damuna yakanyi ƙaura kusa da ƙauyuka, karkarar gandun daji har zuwa wuraren da babu wadatar dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin tsaunuka, sukan fada cikin magudanar ruwa a cikin kaka, kuma a lokacin bazara ya dawo cikin tsaunuka. A karkashin wani yanayi mara kyau (babban dusar ƙanƙara, daskararren kankara), wanda ke katsalandan da samun abinci daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, ana lura da manyan abubuwa masu yawa. A yankuna na kudanci, an rubutad da motsin kayan girki a lokacin bazara-bazara kuma suna da alaƙa da aikin tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam.
Mafi yawan aiki a cikin faɗakarwar dare da na dare. Lokaci ne kawai da ake lura da ayyukan yau da kullun. Babban aiki yana faruwa a farkon rabin dare da awanni na safe. Zaya daga cikin zhirak, roach yana tafiya zuwa kilomita da yawa, dabbobin da ke zaune a wuraren buɗe ido suna wucewa fiye da tsayawa a gefunan daji da daji. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, Rusak ɗin bazai fita zuwa fewan kwanaki ba. Kwanciya a lokacin bazara yawanci kawai karamin rami ne da aka haƙa a ƙarƙashin murfin daji, bishiya mai faɗo ko labulen ciyawa mai tsayi. Sau da yawa a sauƙaƙe yana kwance a ƙarƙashin wani daji ko a cikin filin ƙasa. Ba a gamsar da daskararrun burushi, wani lokacin ma sai a haƙa burushi na ɗan lokaci a cikin tsananin zafi. Za a iya hutawa a cikin ɓoyayyen ɓarna na badgers, dawakai da marmots. Matsakaicin wuraren mafakar Rusak ya dogara da lokacin shekara da yanayin yanayi. A lokacin bazara, gadaje sun fi zama a wurare masu dumin yanayi; a cikin ruwan sama, ana kiyaye roka a kan tsaunukan bushewa, kuma a bushe, akasin haka, a cikin ƙananan wurare. A cikin hunturu, ana shimfida kan dusar ƙanƙara ana shirya shi a wani wuri da aka rufe daga iska, a cikin wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, wani lokacin girkin ya tono ramuka har tsawon tsayi 2. Mummuna sau da yawa suna kwance a cikin kaka da hunturu a cikin loka, kusa da gine-gine a kan karkarar ƙauyuka.
Roach yana tafiya da sauri fiye da fari, tsalle-tsallersa sun yi tsawo. A takaice mai nisa, zai iya haɓaka saurin gudu zuwa 50-60 km / h a madaidaiciyar layi. Ya rikitar da sawun. Ya san yadda ake iyo da kyau. Kamar kowane hares, amarya dabbobi masu natsuwa, kawai idan an kama su ko aka ji rauni, suna fitowa da babbar murya. Matar tayi kira ga zomo, tana yin sautunan da suke shuru. Wani matsanancin damuwa yana kama haƙoransa, kamar yadda yawancin rodents suke yi. Wani nau'in sadarwa ne mai ma'ana tare da paws, mai kama da ƙwanƙwasa dutsen.
Abinci mai gina jiki
A lokacin bazara, maɗaukin yakan ci tsire-tsire, ƙananan harbe na bishiyoyi da shishika. Mafi yawan lokuta yakan ci ganye da mai tushe, amma kuma yana iya tono Tushen, ya ci tsaba a rabi na biyu na bazara (yana ba da gudummawa ga rarraba su, tunda ba duk tsaba ake narkewa ba). Abun da ke ciki na abincin abincin bazara yana da bambanci sosai - nau'ikan daji iri daban-daban (Dandelion, chicory, tansy, tsuntsu mai tsayi, colza, Clover, alfalfa) da kuma horar da (sunflower, buckwheat, hatsi) tsirrai. Da son cin abinci da kayan marmari.
A cikin hunturu, ba kamar farin-kare ba, sai ya ci gaba da ciyar da tsiro da ƙarancin ciyawa, amfanin gona na hunturu, ragowar amfanin gona na lambu, ya tono su daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, yana juyawa zuwa ciyar a kan itace da ciyayi (harbe, haushi). Yana daɗin cin abinci kaɗan, itacen oak, hazel, tsintsiya, da apple da pear, Aspen da Willow, ƙaunataccen ƙaunatacce, yana ƙare sau da yawa. Masu digiri na hunturu suna ƙaunar ziyartar ɓarnataccen launin toka, waɗanda ba sa iya fasa dusar kankara da kansu.
Fasali da mazaunin zomo
Wannan halittar halittar dangin zomaye sananne ce, da farko, ga girmanta: tsayin jikin mutum sama da rabin mins, wani lokacin ya kai 70 cm, kuma nauyi: zomaye daga kilo 4 zuwa 5, kuma hares har zuwa 7 kilogiram.
Hare ta bazu ko'ina a nahiyoyi, kuma saboda yawan sa, masana kimiyya da masana ilimin halitta sunyi nazari sosai, kuma bayyanar sa da halayenta sanannu ne ga duk masoya na dabi'a. Bayyananniyar zumar kuzari quite halayyar, kuma ba wuya a rarrabe tsakanin dangi - wakilai na zomo-kamar.
Idanun dabbobi suna da asalin inuwa mai launin shuɗi. Jikin dabba mai rauni ne, kuma sanannen kunne, yatsun kafa da wutsiya (duhu a saman da siket mai fasali) suna da mahimmanci rarrabewa da Rusak daga farin zomo.
Launi na dabba tana da ban sha'awa cikin bambanci, saboda dabbobi suna motsawa kuma suna canza launinsu sau biyu a shekara. Kamar yadda kake gani hoton zomoA lokacin rani, launinsa mai siliki da m mai ban sha'awa yana bambanta launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa-zaitun, ocher-launin toka da launuka masu launin shuɗi.
A hunturu na hunturu muhimmanci fari. Koyaya, ba dusar ƙanƙara ce mai dusar ƙanƙara ba, wacce aka iya lura dashi musamman a cikin wurare masu duhu na fur ɗin gaban goshin baya, har ma da launi na Jawo a kunnuwa da kan launin ruwan kasa.
Wannan kwatankwacin bayyanar wata alama ce ta wasu alamomi da yawa wadanda ake iya bambance berayen launin toka a taron, alal misali, fararen fat ne, wanda a cikin hunturu yana da cikakkiyar launi mai dusar ƙanƙara, ban da tukwicin kunnuwa kunnuwan ƙasa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, saboda abin da kumburi yake fari ya zama gaba ɗaya mara ganuwa a tsakiyar yanayin gari.
Hoto zomo ne a cikin hunturu
Akwai hares launin ruwan kasa, duka a Turai da Asiya, da kuma a Ostiraliya da Kudancin Amurka. Sun sami nasarar ɗaukar nauyi tare da samun tushe a wasu yankuna na Arewacin Amurka da kuma a New Zealand, inda aka gabatar da su musamman don kiwo.
A Rasha, dabbobi sun zama ruwan dare a duk sassan Turai, har zuwa tsaunin Ural, kuma ana samun su a cikin yankin Asiya: daga Siberiya zuwa farfajiyar gabas. Sun zauna gandun daji-dawakai da kangara, suna kuma cike wurare masu tsaunuka da yankuna da yawa na daji.
Kodayake mafi yawancin sun fi son bude sarari, wanda yake halayyar mutum ne alamar zomo. Amma mafi yawan duka, waɗannan dabbobin suna son su sauka a kan ƙasar noma tare da adana albarkatu na hatsi.
Halin da rayuwar saharaza take
Sadaukar da kai ga mazaunin da aka taɓa zaɓa yana da halayyar launin ruwan kasa zomo, da kwatancin Ya kamata wadannan dabbobi su fara da ambaton cewa wadannan dabbobin ba su da ƙaura zuwa ƙaura da kuma tafiya mai nisa.
Rayuwa a cikin ƙananan yankuna (ba fiye da kadada 50 ba), sun zauna a kansu na dogon lokaci. Sai dai kawai waɗanda ke zaune a cikin duwatsun suna saukar da ƙafafunsu a cikin hunturu, kuma idan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, sai su sake tashi.
Ba za a iya tilasta su barin mazauninsu ba kawai ta wurin canjin yanayin yanayi, bala'in muhalli da sauran yanayi na gaggawa. Dabbobi sun fi son rayuwar dare da rana.
Kuma a cikin rana, dabbobi suna ɓoyewa a cikin burƙansu, waɗanda yawanci suna baje ne kusa da tsirrai da bishiyoyi. Wasu lokuta dabbobi ma sukan mamaye gidajen wasu dabbobi: marmots, badgers da dawakai.
Kamar dukkan wakilan halittar zomo, tsintsiya tsintsiya daga kai zuwa kafa sau biyu a shekara. Lokacin bazara da kaka, wanda ya kasance daga kwanaki 75 zuwa 80, yana canzawa gaba daya irin zomo, wanda ke taimaka wa dabbobin su haɗa kai da yanayin keɓaɓɓu, gwargwadon wuraren da ke kewaye da lokutan yanayi daban-daban, kuma ba kasafai ba ne ga maƙiyansu, daga abin da kawai ƙafafu masu tsayi ke ajiye hares.
Ikon gudu da sauri wata fa'ida ce ta waɗannan dabbobin. Kuma mafi girman saurin zomaye, wanda zai iya haɓaka cikin matsanancin yanayi a kan ƙasa mai kyau da ƙasa, ta kai har zuwa 70-80 km / h. A cikin dangin hares - wannan nau'in rikodin ne.
A cikin saurin kafafu, mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi ya fi ɗan'uwansa girma - zomo, yana motsawa da sauri fiye da shi kuma yana tsalle sosai. Koyaya, shararruwan basu da karbuwa ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau, kuma galibi ana rage raguwar ajiyar su sosai a cikin lokacin tsananin sanyi.
Harekamar da kurege, sun dade sun zama abin da aka fi so don kasuwanci da farauta. Kuma da yawa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi ana kashe su kowace shekara saboda ƙoshinsu da ƙyallen fata.
Kiwo
Tsawon lokaci da lokacin fara haila na amarya ya danganta da wani yanki na kewayon. Don haka, a Yammacin Turai, yawanci yakan kasance daga Maris zuwa Satumba, a cikin wanne lokacin game da 75% na mata suna sarrafa kawo brood 4, kuma a cikin shekaru masu dumin yanayi mai ban sha'awa da farkon lokacin bazara - 5 kowanne. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, tseren yana kasancewa duk shekara, kuma farkon zomaye sun bayyana a watan Janairu. A arewa na kewayon broods 1-2.A tsakiyar Rasha, tseren farko yana faruwa a ƙarshen Fabrairu - Maris (maza sun yi aiki tun daga Janairu), na biyu - a watan Afrilu - farkon Mayu, na uku - a watan Yuni. Ciki yana da kwanaki 45-448, don haka zomaye na farko sun bayyana a watan Afrilu - farkon Mayu, brood na biyu - a ƙarshen Mayu - Yuni (ganiya kiwo), na uku - a watan Agusta. Maimaita maƙiyin abokin aure nan da nan bayan haihuwa, kuma wani lokacin a gabansu. Gabaɗaya, kullun amaryar ba ta da kyau kamar ta zomo, saboda haka ana iya ganin mata masu juna biyu da masu haihuwar farko da na baya fiye da yanayin al'ada.
Yawan zomaye a cikin tsintsiya daga 1 zuwa 9. Yanayi da yawa suna shafar girman brood. Gabaɗaya, broods sun fi girma a wuraren da hares ke da ƙarancin hanyoyin haihuwa. Hunturu, farkon farkon bazara da kuma lokacin farin kaka yana da ƙanana da ƙananan bazara - akwai ƙanƙan hares 1-2 a cikinsu. Yawancin zomaye suna kawo mata masu tsufa. Kafin haihuwa, mace na daɗaɗaɗɗar ciyawa, rami rami ko, a cikin yanayi mai zafi, burrows mai ƙyalƙyali. Ana haihuwar zomaye da gani kuma an rufe shi da fur, nauyin 80-150. Matar ta zo don ciyar da oncea oncean sau ɗaya a rana, kuma wani lokacin ba sau da yawa - har zuwa lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 4. Daga rana ta 5 na rayuwa, zomaye sun fara motsawa kusa da wurin haihuwa, da makonni biyu suka isa nauyi 300-400 g kuma tuni sun fara cin ciyawa, kuma a sati na 3-4 sun zama masu 'yanci. Akwai sanannun maganganun ciyar da zomaye na baƙi zuwa zomaye, tunda dai sun yi daidai da nasu, amma wannan ba shi da yawa fiye da yadda ake farautar zomo. Useauki yakan kai ga balaga ne kawai a cikin bazara mai zuwa, ba wuya, a ɓangarorin yamma na kewayon, mata sun fara farau a lokacin bazara. Hybrids na grouse tare da fata an san su - cuffs. An samo su duka a cikin yanayi kuma an karɓa lokacin da suke kiyaye zomaye a cikin gidan dabbobi. Lokacin da aka tsare shi a zaman talala, cuffs sun sami damar zama.
Tsawon shekarun amarya shine shekaru 6-7 (a lokuta na musamman, sun tsira zuwa shekaru 10-12), duk da haka, yawancin dabbobi ba su wuce shekaru 4-5 ba.
Yawan da mahimmancin mutum
Gabaɗaya, zomo shine mafi yawancin nau'ikan, wanda adadinsu a wasu shekaru ya kai miliyoyin mutane da yawa. Yawancin yana ɗaukar manyan canje-canje a cikin shekaru dangane da dalilai daban-daban: epizootics, starfishes, da sauransu, duk da haka ba su da kaifi kamar yadda a cikin fararen hurawar. A cikin kudu na kewayon, canjin yanayi ya fi yawaita kuma rashin aiki ne.
Rusak dabba ce mai mahimmanci ta kasuwanci, abu ne na mai son da kuma farautar wasanni. Ana fitar dashi a shekara a manyan adadi saboda lafiyar nama da fatalwar fata. Ana amfani da skins musamman a matsayin kayan albarkatu mai mahimmanci don ji mai inganci, ƙasa da kullun don wasu nau'ikan samfuran fur.
Zai iya cutar da amfanin gona na hunturu, orchards da wuraren girke-girke: a cikin dare ɗaya, zomo na iya ɗanɗana bishiyun 'ya'yan itace 10-15. A Argentina, Ostiraliya, kuma, a mafi ƙaranci, a cikin Arewacin Amurka, gabatar da siansyan fari shine kwari na aikin gona. Manoma suna fama da cututtuka da yawa. Kodayake su, ba kamar fata ba, ba su da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan huhun huhun-helminthic kuma suna iya kamuwa da cutar hepatic, amma coccidiosis ya yadu a tsakanin su, musamman tsakanin matasa dabbobi. Yawan mace-mace daga wannan cutar yana faruwa tsakanin shekarun 5 zuwa 5. Epizootics na pasteurellosis, tularemia, alade brucellosis da sauran cututtukan cututtuka an san su, kuma jigilar cutar toxoplasmosis. Mermaid ya fi fari fari da wahala daga yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Musamman ma a gare su sune dusar ƙanƙara, da ruwan bazara waɗanda ba sa barin ƙanƙara ta ciyar da kullun, kuma maɓallin da ba zai iya tsayawa ba tare da thaws da daskararru lokacin da farkon rikice-rikice ke mutu. Wasu rawar a cikin canje-canje a lambobi ana wasa da su. Fuka-fuka, Wolves, lynxes, gaggafa masu cin nama a kan kifin kifi.
Launi
Wakilan wannan irin suna da kyawawan mayafin silky mai laushi. Wani fasali na zomo shine launi. Ya haɗu da cakuda da ba za'a iya rubutawa ba na launuka daban-daban, launin shuɗi, launin ja da kyawawan launuka, wanda yafi shahara a baya. Jawo a wannan wuri yana da kyau kuma yana kama da kyau merlushka (wadda ake kira da fur fur). Lura cewa a kudanci da yamma na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, hare-hares da ke zaune a yankin ba sa canza launi duk shekara. A cikin arewacin yankuna da kuma gabas, grouse kawai kara a ɗan, mafi yawa daga bangarorin. A iyakar arewa a cikin hunturu, hares ya zama fari fari, kawai duhu tsiri a bayan ya zauna. Nasihun da bakin kunnuwa, har ma da wutsiyar wutsiya kodayaushe suna zama baki.
Ji da kamshi
Dabba an daidaita ta sosai don zama a cikin sarari. Dangane da bayanin, zomo yana da idanu masu kyau kuma yana da ikon bambance hadari a nesa da 300-400 m. Bayanin cewa kumburin “mai gani ne” gajere ne, mai yuwa ne, ya faru ne ta dalilin cewa dabba tana matukar sonta kuma ba zata iya tantance matakin hadarin ba koyaushe. Wataƙila saboda wannan dalili, rookie na iya rufe mafarauci. Halinsa na jin ƙanshi da jinsa ba ƙarancin ci gaba ba ne, wanda ke taimaka masa ya keɓance cikin yanayin sosai. Akwai misalai da yawa yayin da dabba ta nuna juriya, haɓaka, wayo. Ganin mazaunin maza shine galibi yana kusa da mutane. Yawancin halaye na halin kurege suna magana game da saurin sa mata, alal misali, idan akwai haɗari yakan nemi ceto a cikin ƙauyuka ko ɓoye cikin garken shanu.
Habitat Rabbat mazaunin
Wannan nau'in kuda-kuran galibi suna zaune a daukacin yankin Turai na kasarmu - daga Arkhangelsk zuwa bakin Tekun Caspian, daga kan iyakokin yamma zuwa Yammacin-Urals. Gasar mazauninta yana faɗaɗa kullun, alal misali, a cikin shekaru 50-60 da suka gabata, iyakar ta ƙaunaci gabas zuwa kusan 1000 km. Rusakov ya bar inda ba su rayu da wuri ba, waɗannan yankuna ne na Yammacin Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Lura cewa ƙoƙarin masana kimiyyar don ɗaukar dabbobi a kan ƙasar Buryatia ya ƙare cikin gazawa. Mermaids suna da sadaukarwa ga mazaunin da aka zaɓa sau ɗaya. Sai dai waɗancan mutane da ke zaune a tsaunuka. A cikin hunturu, suna gangara zuwa ƙafa, kuma bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, sai su sake komawa cikin tsaunuka. Kowace dabba tana riƙe da yanki na kadada 50. Rusak ɗan itacen kurege ne, saboda haka, galibi yakan zaɓi wuraren buɗe wuraren zama, ana iya samunsa kusa da filayen da aka shuka tare da albarkatu iri daban-daban, a cikin kwari, gandun daji, lambuna, makiyaya, a gefen gandun daji, a cikin tsirrai.
Halaye
Duk da girmanta, zomo yana da matukar karfin gudu - har zuwa kilomita 60 / h. Koyaya, mun lura cewa yana iya motsawa a cikin wannan yanayin na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yayin tsere, rookie yana yin tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi kuma ya canza hanya ba zato ba tsammani. Ya san yadda ake rikitar da fataucin, yawo a cikin da'irori, yawo a cikin yankin, ta haka yaudarar masu bin. Godiya ga wannan hanyar motsi, dabbar tana sarrafawa don kubuta daga maharban da ke bin ta.
Da yawa suna sha'awar wannan tambayar ko zomaye na iya iyo. Abin mamaki, duk da cewa waɗannan dabbobin basa son ruwa kuma galibi suna nesa da shi, su masu iyo ne masu kyau. Kwakwalwa kusan dabba dabba ce mara sauti, kuma ko a cikin matse shi kawai wani lokaci yakan sa murya. Sai dai idan an sami rauni, sandar tana kuka da ƙarfi, sautin yana kama da kukan jariri.
Rusaki a kasashen waje
Hares na wannan nau'in sun bazu cikin ƙasashe masu zuwa: Arewacin Amurka, Kanada, Kudancin Amurka, New Zealand, Australia da Oceania. Yawan jama'arsu yana haɓaka koyaushe. A halin yanzu, zomo yana da matsayin dabba na kasuwanci. Abu ne na wasanni da kuma na farauta amateur. A wasu ƙasashe, an lalata ƙarnuka a matsayin kwari - saboda suna haifar da lahani ga aikin gona: suna lalata amfanin gona na hunturu, bishiyoyi (suna iya yin huɗar shuka 15 a cikin dare ɗaya).
Zomo yana daya daga cikin waɗancan dabbobi waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta ta brucellosis, tularemia, coccidiosis, pastelreza.
Farauta
A kasarmu, farauta hares ya shahara sosai. Abu ne na farautar wasanni, harma da cinikin Jawo. Hakar ma'adinai galibi saboda abinci mai gina jiki, naman da ba kasada ba da kyau da kuma Jawo mafi kyau. Lokacin farauta yana farawa a watan Oktoba har zuwa lokacin dusar ƙanƙara ta fari kuma yana ƙare lokacin hunturu. A dabi'a, ban da mafarauta, akwai sauran abokan gaba da yawa. Roe tsuntsayen dabbobi masu cin nama ne, karnukan wutsi, coyotes, lynxes, dawakai suka farauto ta. Hatta magpies suna kaiwa ƙananan hari. Yana yiwuwa a kula da yawan kuliyoyin kuɗaɗen saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da yawa sosai.
Hare
Hare wasu kananan dabbobi ne na halittar Hare. Waɗannan dabbobin an san su da kowane mutum tun suna ƙuruciya a matsayin mai rauni, kuma matsoraci, kodayake, waɗannan ma'anonin, dabbobin sun sami cikakkiyar daraja. A zahiri, hares ba shi da ƙarfi sosai kuma ba gaba ɗaya ba ne, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suke tsammani. An yi imanin cewa hares suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma a cikin haɗarin gaske, za su iya kare kansu.
Halayya da salon rayuwa
Wadannan dabbobin ƙasa basu da ƙwarewa da yawa. Ba masu iyo bane kuma ba zasu iya hawa bishiyoyi ko kankara ba. Sun gwammace su rayu, ya danganta da nau'in halittar, suna da mallakar mazauna, kuma suna iya jagorancin rayuwa daban. Sun kasance da ƙarfi a cikin shekara, don haka a cikin hunturu ba su fada cikin rashin himma ba.
Ainihin, suna jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, suna hutawa da rana a cikin ciyawa mai yawa, a cikin busasshen ciyayi ko abubuwan bincike a cikin ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, za su iya kwanciya a cikin wani rami mara zurfi a ƙarƙashin wani daskararren dusar ƙanƙara. Suna motsawa tare da taimakon manyan tsalle-tsalle, yayin da suke kaiwa da sauri fiye da 60 km / h.
An yi imanin cewa idanun hares ba su da kaifi, amma jinsu da jin ƙanshi suna da kyau kwarai da gaske. Hares ya bambanta da taka tsantsan da yin amfani da dabarun tsammani, kasancewa cikin tsari har zuwa lokacin ƙarshe. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, zomo ya tsallake daga tsari ba zato ba tsammani, sakamakon abin da ba a tsammani ya haifar da shi, tunda maharbi ko wani maƙiyin kawai ba shi da lokacin amsawa a kan kari. A sakamakon haka, zomo ya gudu, yana zaune da rai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Zama, da gudu daga masu bin ta, tana ta rikice waƙoƙin ta. Yana iska, yana yin tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi a garesu, kuma yana iya komawa da baya a waƙoƙin nasa.
Mutane suna ɗaukar hares a matsayin matsorata daidai saboda waɗannan dabbobin ba zato ba tsammani suna tsalle daga zahiri daga ƙarƙashin ƙasan mutumin da yake wucewa kuma akwai sojojin da suke gudu. A zahiri, wannan ba matsoraci bane, amma damar don ceton rayuwar mutum, ko kuma ta wata ma'anar, don tsira cikin irin wannan yanayin yanayi mai wahala.
Koyaya, zomo ba halitta ce mai tsoratarwa ba, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suke zato, kuma yana da ikon ta da kanta. Idan zomo ya fara fahimtar cewa ba zai bar bin ba, sai ya shimfiɗa a bayan sa ya fara bugun mai fafutukar da ƙafafunsa, wanda ya sami ci gaba kuma yana da jijiya. Yajin aikin yana da ƙarfi da kamala har mai bin diddigin zai iya ji masa rauni. Duk wani mafarauci ya san cewa haɓakar kukan dabba da kunnuwa yana da haɗari, saboda zai iya samun sauƙin ji sau da dama tare da ƙasan ƙafafunsa, da waɗanda ke da ƙarfi.
Har yaushe zomo yake rayuwa?
An yi imani da cewa a cikin yanayin halitta, kumburi a matsakaici na rayuwa zai wuce shekaru 8. A lokaci guda, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi ba sa iya samun irin waɗannan sharuɗɗa, tunda sun mutu da wuri, idan ba daga harin mafarauta ba, to daga mafarautan farauta. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yawancin zomaye suna mutuwa, waxanda har yanzu ba su da kariya ga mutane da yawa, har ma da kananan dabbobi masu yanke hukunci. Idan ka kiyaye zomaye cikin bauta, to zasu iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 10.
Abubuwan hares
Masana sun yi nuni da cewa a duniya akwai akalla nau'ikan nau'in nau'in hares 3 wadanda suka bambanta da girma, tsarin jikin mutum da dabi'un su, da kuma salon rayuwa. Misali, a yanayi akwai:
- Kwayar Hare.
- Zabin Amurka.
- Hare Alaskan.
- Bakar fata-fat.
- Farar fata da ke fuskanta.
- Kansky kukan
- Rawaya mai launin toka.
- Zomo yana da launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa.
- Tsutsa cikin kurege.
- Sandstone
- Tolai zomo.
- Tsintsiya tsintsiya.
- Yunnan kukan.
- Kumburin Koriya.
- Corsican Hare.
- Kayan alade.
- Iberian Hare.
- Manchu Hare.
- Daɗin farauta.
- Hare Stark.
- Farar fata-zaki.
- Habasha.
- Hainan Hare.
- Duhun mara.
- Harshen Burma.
- Zabin kasar Sin.
- Yarkand haja.
- Jabin Jafananci.
- Abisiniya zomaye.
Lokaci mai ban sha'awa! Wannan jeri ya hada da Don hare-hare, wanda ya rayu a cikin Yankin Gabashin Turai da Arewacin Asiya a lokacin Pleistocene, amma a yau ana ɗaukarsa wani nau'in karewa ne. Wata babbar wakiliya ce ta wannan dabi'ar, tare da ingantaccen tsarin tauna. Masana kimiyyar sun ce, zuriya na zamani ana daukar mafi kusancin dangin Don.
Me zomaye suke ci?
Abincin dabbobi ya samo asali ne daga abincin shuka a cikin nau'ikan haushi, harbe harbe, ciyawa, berries, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Hares da ke zaune a kewayen yanayi ya fi son Clover, dandelions, sedge, yarrow da alfalfa. A lokacin rani, koyaushe akwai wadataccen abinci a gare su, saboda suna iya ɗanɗana harbe da tumatir na blueberries, namomin kaza, da asa applean itacen apple da itacen pear.
Yana da mahimmanci a sani! Hares yawanci yana bayyana akan filayen noma, a cikin lambuna da lambuna. Musamman a lokacin hunturu, suna lalata filayen al'adu ta hanyar hana haushi. Idan kabeji, karas da sauran dabbobin lambun suka kasance a filin, to, kuɗin hares ɗin zai “karɓe shi” da sauri.
Tare da farko na yanayin sanyi, hares dole ne ya canza zuwa makiyaya, don haka sai suka fara cin ƙoshin itacen, har da na shekara-shekara harbe. A cikin lokutan hunturu mai tsananin zafi, hares ya samo tushe daban-daban da ciyawa mai bushe daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.
Abokan halitta
Ko da kuwa yanayin rayuwa, hares yana da abokan gaba na kwarai. Babban abokan gaba su ne dawakai da Wolves, yayin da hares dake zaune a yankuna masu sanyin yanayi har ila yau suna da suttura, lynxes, da sauransu, gami da tsuntsayen da suka farauto kamar gaggafa, shaho, da mujiya. Hare da ke zaune a shiyoyin da ke cikin yanayin zafi suna fuskantar hare-hare daga dodon, dawakai, da sauransu. Domin ƙanƙanin baƙin da ke zaune a kewayen ƙauyuka, karnuka, gami da karnukan gida, da dabbobi, suna da haɗari.
Da kyau, kuma, hakika, babban abokin gaba shine mutum, a cikin hanyar mafarautan da ke farautar hares, saboda suna da kyawawan nama da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Yawancin nau'in hares suna jin dadi a cikin daji. Haka kuma, akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke haifar da damuwa a tsakanin kwararru. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da:
- Fuskokin fuska, baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa da Yarkendsky suna da matsayin "kusa da masu rauni."
- Broomwort, Corsican da Hainan an dauke su "jinsin da basu iya cutarwa".
- Kwakwalwar rawaya mai launin toka ce ta “nau'in halittar da ke cikin hadari.”
- Habarin Habasha yana da matsayin "isasshen bayanai."
Dalilin cutarwar irin wannan nau'in yana da alaƙa da wasu dalilai na rashin asalin halitta, gami da gaskiyar cewa an ɗauki waɗannan nau'in halitta kuma suna rayuwa cikin yankuna ƙarancin wurare kuma ba'a same su ko'ina ba. Hawan Habasha suna haifar da rayuwar sirri, musamman a tsaunuka masu wuya, saboda haka akwai karancin bayanai game da dumbin sa.
Kifi na kamun kifi
Hares, duk da ƙananan girman su, nau'ikan dabbobi ne masu tamani. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da nama mai mahimmanci, mai cin abinci da mai daɗi, har da Jawo mai mahimmanci, wanda ake amfani dashi don dinka tufafin hunturu mai ɗumi.
Duk da cewa hares nada isasshen adadin abokan halitta, suna kiyaye lambobin su saboda tsananin girman su. Bugu da kari, suna yin kiwo har sau 4 a shekara. Wadannan dabbobi an rarrabe su da gaskiyar cewa ba su da ma'ana a cikin rayuwar abinci, ba kuma dangane da yanayin rayuwa ba, saboda haka suna saurin daidaita yanayin rayuwa.Saboda wannan, ana samun hares a kowane yanayi na duk nahiyoyi, ban da Antarctica.
A ƙarshe
Hares da gaske yana da isassun abokan gaba, ba kirga bala'o'i, kamar ambaliyar da gobara. Matsalar ta haɗu da gaskiyar cewa masu lalata ba su san yadda za a iyo ba. Amma game da gobara, muna da isasshen gobara ta wucin gadi a lokacin bazara, lokacin da zomaye na farko suka bayyana. Yawancin manoma suna ƙone tsohuwar ciyawa, kuma ba manoma kaɗai ba. Yawancin lokaci ana cin ciyawa cikin wuta ta hanyar “wayayye”, waɗanda suke da kyawawa don azabtar da su, da kuma manoma iri ɗaya.
A takaice dai, babban haɗari ga ƙiyayya shine mutumin da ke lalatar da yanayi gabaɗaya ba tare da tunani ba.
Hare dabbobi ne na musamman waɗanda ba su da cikakkiyar fahimta, tunda har yanzu ba a san yadda zomaye suke rayuwa ba. Tun zamanin da, mutum yana farautar waɗannan dabbobin saboda ƙoshin nama da nama mai mahimmanci. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, wasu shekaru hamsin da suka wuce, huluna da aka yi da fur fur, har ma da suttattun fur na mata, sun kasance gaye. A halin yanzu, sun gaji, amma farauta hares bai tsaya ba, musamman tunda akwai masu farauta da yawa. Sau da yawa zaka iya jin korafin mafarautan da suka tafi farauta amma ba hares, har ma ba'a ga hanyoyin su ba. Abun takaici, basu “kamawa” wanda a yanzu haka akwai mafarauta fiye da dabbobi da sauran dabbobi. Matsalar kuma tana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa rayuwar ɗan adam tana hana dabbobi samun abinci, da kuma wuraren da dabbobi zasu iya ɓoyewa daga abokan halitta. Mutum yana haɓaka sabbin yankuna don shuka tsiro. Bugu da kari, yana amfani da sinadarai da wasu sinadarai, wadanda ke haifar da mutuwar dabbobi.
Haka kuma, wannan ana iya danganta shi ba kawai ga masu ƙera dabbobi ba, har ma ga sauran 'yan uwanmu, waɗanda ƙanananmu, waɗanda ke da barin gidajensu tsawon shekaru, tare da isasshen abinci. Sabili da haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa hares suna kai hari kan gonar gona, da kuma gidaje da kuma kayan lambu na masu mallakar filaye masu zaman kansu. Sau da yawa, a cikin dachas, har yanzu akwai wani ɓangare na girbi, wanda ke taimakawa hares don tsira daga matsanancin yanayin hunturu: a nan karas yana kwance, akwai kabeji kabeji, da dai sauransu.
Duk da tsananin haɓaka, hares baya iya adadin lambobin su. Shin hakan yana cikin yankuna nesa da mutum, da kuma a wuraren da ba a isa inda mutum ba zai iya isa ba, tunda kusan kowane mafarauci yana da SUV. A takaice dai, ci gaba da fasaha ya baiwa mutane damar zamaninmu su hau zurfi cikin manyan lamuran itace, inda ake amfani da kowace dabba ta ɓoye.
Ina zomo yake zaune?
Hoto: kurege a lokacin bazara
Rusak yana son steppes, ana iya samunsa a wasu sassan duniya. Har ma a tsakiyar lokacin Quaternary, ya daidaita zuwa arewa. Sabili da haka, a yau yana zaune da yankuna na gandun daji, tundra da gandun daji na Turai.
Babban mazaunin ta:
- Turai
- Gaban gaba da Asiaan Asiya,
- Arewacin Afirka
A arewacin, zomo ya zauna a ƙasar Finland da kanta, yana ɗaukar Sweden, Ireland da Scotland. Kuma a kudu, mazaunin sa ya wuce zuwa Turkiyya, Iran, Arewacin Afirka ta Arewa da Kazakhstan. Har yanzu ana samo burbushin kudan zuma a cikin sashin Crimea da Azerbaijan, a wuraren ajiya na Pleistocene.
A Arewacin Amurka, Rusak ya zauna a zahiri. An kawo shi can a 1893, daga baya, a 1912, daga can aka kawo kukan zuwa Kanada.
Koyaya, a yau ana kiyaye shi a can ne kawai a yankin Babban Lakes. Haka kuma zomo ya bayyana a Tsakiyar Amurka da Kudancin. A Ostiraliya, ƙwanƙwasa gaba ɗaya ta zama kwaro, kamar yadda ta mamaye can.
A Rasha, kudan zuma suna zaune a duk yankin Turai na kasar, har zuwa tafkin Onega da Arewacin Dvina. Bayan haka, yawan ya watsu cikin Perm da Urals, sannan kuma zuwa yankin Pavlodar na Kazakhstan. A kudu, Rusak yana zaune a Transcaucasia, yankin Caspian, duk yankuna har zuwa Karaganda. Iyakar abin da zomo bai yi tushe ba shine Buryatia.
A cikin yankuna da yawa na Rasha, an kuma samar da Rusak da izinin wucin gadi:
- Matattarar wurare na Altai,
- Salair
- Kuznetsk Alatau,
- Altai Territory
- Yanayin Krasnoyarsk
- Yankin Novosibirsk,
- Yankin Irkutsk
- Yankin Chita,
- Khabarovsk Territory,
- Yankin Primorsky.
Me zomaye da zano suke ci?
Hoto: Hare Rusak
Rusak yana da bambancin abinci mai ɗorewa na enviably. Wannan jerin sunayen sun hada da kusan nau'ikan tsire-tsire kusan 50. A cikin lokacin dumi, dabba tana cinye hatsi kamar: timothy, oats, gero, ciyawa alkama. Hakanan yana son Legumes na takin: alfalfa, seradella, Peas, Clover, lupine. Daskararren tsire-tsire don ƙanƙan daji sune euphorbia, plantain, dandelions, quinoa da buckwheat.
Tare da farko na watan Agusta, grunts ya canza zuwa abincin hatsi kuma musamman tsaba. Dangane da wannan, hares, kamar tsuntsaye, suna ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar tsirrai, tunda ba dukkan tsaba ake narkewa ba kuma hakan zai sake shiga yanayin.
A yawancin wuraren aikin gona, ana ɗaukar kayan abinci kamar kwaro da bala'i na ainihi. Tun daga lokacin kaka-hunturu suna ciyar da haushi da harbe bishiyoyi: bishiyoyin apple, pears, willows, poplars da hazel. Don dare ɗaya, wakilan wannan nau'in na iya lalata gonar da muhimmanci.
Baya ga haushi, ɗanɗano ke ci gaba da ciyar da tsaba, sauran ragowar ciyawa, har ma amfanin gona da suka tono daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Sau da yawa waɗannan wuraren rarrabuwar ana ziyartar su da buɗaɗɗen launin toka, waɗanda kansu ba za su iya tono dusar ƙanƙara ba don cin abinci a ragowar.
Raw abinci a cikin zomaye ba shi da narkewa, saboda haka sukan ci abincin da kansu. Don haka suna samun damar da za su iya ɗanɗano abubuwan gina jiki. Yayin aiwatar da wasu gwaje-gwajen, an hana crayfish irin wannan damar, sakamakon shine raguwar nauyi a jiki, cuta, har ma da mutuwar mutane.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Zarin launin ruwan kasa
Zakin kurege dango ne na wurare masu fili, har ma da zaɓin yankin dazuzzuka, yana neman ya zauna a cikin share ko wani yanki mai cike da yawa. Da wuya a same shi a cikin busassun dumbin ruwa, ya fi son gandun daji mai ɗorewa. Kuma mafi yawan duk, hares suna ƙaunar filin gona na mutum, inda akwai ƙananan ramuka, coppices ko bushes.
Sau da yawa ana yin girki a cikin magudanan kogin da kuma wuraren da amfanin gona hatsi. Idan gandun daji-steppe inda zomaye suke zaune a cikin matattakala, a lokacin rani zai iya zuwa tsawo zuwa 2000 m. Kuma a cikin hunturu yakan gangarowa daga wurin, kusa da mazaunan. Hares dake zaune a tsaunuka suna gangarawa zuwa magudanan ruwa a cikin hunturu, a lokacin bazara sun koma tuddai.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, maza ke zaune ya zauna. Idan akwai wadataccen abinci a yankin, zasu iya rayuwa cikin kewayon 40-50 ha don shekaru masu yawa. In ba haka ba, kullun kan shawo kan dubun kilomita daga yankin gado zuwa wurin ciyar da mataimakin. Nomad mai yawo shima ya dogara da lokacin, misali, a yankuna na kudanci suna motsawa tare da farkon shuka.
Hares ya fi son yin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, a lokacin da suke yin aiki kawai a lokacin hada-hada. Idan yanayin ba shi da kyau, zomaye ba zai iya barin matsinsa ba kwata-kwata. Mafi yawan lokuta shine ramin talakawa wanda aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa, wani wuri a ƙarƙashin wani daji ko ɓoye a bayan bishiyar da ta faɗi.
Amma koda sau da yawa, zomaye kawai zaune a cikin bushes, boye a kan iyaka ko a cikin wani furrow mai zurfi. Zai iya yin amfani da nutsuwa ta hanyar amfani da kogon rago na wasu dabbobi: kyarketai ko badgers. Amma da wuya mutanen Rusaks su tono burrowsrsu, na ɗan lokaci ne kawai, idan akwai tsananin zafi. Zaɓin wuri don kwance kai tsaye ya dogara da lokacin shekara. Don haka a farkon bazara, dabbobi suna zaɓar wurare masu ɗumi.
A cikin yanayin rigar, hares yana neman tsaunuka, kuma a cikin busassun yanayi, akasin haka, ƙananan ƙananan. A cikin hunturu, suna kwance a cikin kauri dusar ƙanƙara a wani wuri mai kariya daga iska. Idan dusar ƙanƙara tana da zurfi sosai, tono ramuka a ciki har zuwa tsawon 2 m. Wuraren da akafi so don rijistar zakaru sune ɗakunan ajiya a gefen ƙauyukan ƙauyuka.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: kurege a cikin steppe
Balaga ta jima'i na mace da maza na launin ruwan kasa yana faruwa shekara guda bayan haihuwa, yawanci a cikin bazara. Wannan nau'in yana nufin yaduwa da sauri. Farkon lokacin rutsi da adadin broods a shekara ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, lokacin dabbar ta fara canjin watan Janairu.
A cikin dusar ƙanƙan dusar dusar ƙanƙara ana saninta musamman. Waɗannan sune halayen ruwan fitsari na mata da kuma dusar ƙanƙara wanda aka gurɓata ta maza yayin jayayya akan bene na mace. Kowace mace tana biye da maza 2-3. Suna shirya kyawawan gwagwarmaya, wanda tare da hawayensu masu ban tsoro.
Yaƙin yana tsayawa a daidai lokacin da mace ta ɗauka abin da ke daidai. Namiji mafi karfi ya rufe ta, sauran kuma a wannan lokacin suyi tsalle ta wannan ma'auratan, suna ƙoƙarin kashe mazan tare da na sa. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, kawai mafi tsananin ƙarfi da ƙarfi ne ke iya zama magajin zuriya ga zuriyarsa. Gasar ta gaba ta zo ne a watan Afrilu, kuma bayan sa na uku - a tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Zomaye na farko zasu bayyana a watan Afrilu, kwanaki 45-48 bayan hadi. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar jarirai 1 zuwa 9. An haife su da gani, da ji da ulu. Girman kowane bunny ya kai kimanin g 100. Adadi da ingancin zuriyar dabbobi suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da yanayin yanayi. Dumi da wadataccen shekara, ƙanana da manya kuma babba.
A makonni biyu na farko, jarirai suna shan madara, amma idan nauyinsu ya yi girma sau 4, zomo ya fara jan su ciyawa. Mace ba ta rabuwa da zuriyarta, a shirye idan akwai haɗari, don kare dangin ta. Iyalin suna riƙe juna har lokacin da hares ya juya wata biyu. Sannan mahaifiyar ta bar su don ɗaukar brood na gaba.
Jimlar broods na iya zama 3 ko 4 kowace shekara. Thearin kudu da mazauninsu, mafi girman damar ɗanɗano na huɗu .. Hanya tana da damar samun nasara. Koyaya, daga cikin kowane jariri, 1-2 suna rayuwa a kowace shekara. Mutuwar su daga yanayin, cututtuka, ayyukan ɗan adam da masu ƙaddara abu ne mai girma.
A matsakaita, amsar ba zata wuce shekaru 8 ba, a lokuta mafi ƙaranci, zasu iya rayuwa shekaru 10-12. Akwai abokan iyawa da yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, basu da aure kuma suna yin gwagwarmaya ne kawai yayin tafiyar su.
Abokan gaba na makiyaya
Hoto: Babban zomo
Abokan gaba na Rusak suna da babban tasiri ga alummarta. A wannan shekarar, magabatan sun sami damar rusa kusan 12% na yawan adadin ƙanana. Wannan adadi ya ta'allaka ne kai tsaye ga yawan magabatan da ke zaune a wani yanki, da kuma wadatar wasu abinci da kuma adadin wadansu.
Dabbobin da ke da haɗari don masu lalata:
Duk abin da ya rage ga Rusak shi ne kame-kame, a guje cikin sauri da kuma burbushi. Launin launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa yana taimakawa zomaye don ɓoye ba kawai tsakanin rassan da bishiyoyi da suka faɗi ba, har ma a tsakiyar filayen dusar ƙanƙara. Mai wayo zai iya yin kamar ya zama dunƙule ko dunƙule, wanda aka rufe dusar ƙanƙara. Adana ƙetare da speedan gudu, da kuma iya iyo - a cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa, ƙungiyar za ta iya iyo saman kogin.