Cuneiform na ɗan asalin kogin zuwa Kudu maso gabas Asiya. Pasarori da wuraren zama suna zaune a tafkuna da ɗakunan ruwa mai ɗumi mai laushi, wanda ke da alamar acid ɗin. Cuneiform spot wanda aka kawo zuwa Turai a cikin 1906, zuwa Rasha a 1911.
An yi la'akari da parsing moody a cikin abun ciki da matsala a cikin kiwo. Bayan lokaci, cuneiform spotting ya dace sosai a cikin yanayin akwatin kifin kuma an buge shi da farko a Yammacin Turai, kuma a ƙarshen hamsin na Rasha.
Koyaya, har yanzu, ingantaccen tsarin kiwo mai gurɓataccen abu yana da alaƙa da wasu matsaloli. Don guje musu su, da farko dole ne mu kula da yanayin tsarewar. Tsohon ruwa tare da zazzabi na 24-25 ° С, taurin 12-15 °, kuma PH na 6.5-7 ya dace sosai ga kifi.
Hankalin Cuneiform
Ya kamata a maye gurbin ruwa akai-akai (sau ɗaya a mako sakin kwatancen girma), around-the-a-agogo da tacewa abin so ne. Idan za ta yiwu, ƙasa ta yi duhu. Haske yana da rauni. An zaɓi tsire-tsire daidai da abun da ke ciki na ruwa da haske. Waɗannan su ne cryptocorynes, Thai fern, hygrophil, cinnema, Javanese moss, da dai sauransu Ya kamata a sami isasshen sarari a cikin akwatin kifaye don yin iyo a makarantar kifi (aƙalla biyar zuwa bakwai), wanda aka sa a cikin babba da kuma tsakiyar yadudduka na ruwa.
Yadda ake ciyar da bincike
Binciken heteromorph a cikin motsi yana ƙasa da irin waɗannan mazaunan aquarium kamar zebrafish da barbs, wanda dole ne a la'akari lokacin ciyar. Wannan kifin ba shi da ma'ana a cikin abinci: yana ɗaukar duka busasshen abinci mai rai, amma yana ɗaukar shi ba da daɗewa ba daga ƙasa. Ya kamata abinci ya bambanta. Ina ciyar daphenia, cyclops, daidaitaccen fili ciyarwa, grated cuku na m iri, low-mai gida cuku, decapsulated artemia. Ba za a iya bayar da tubule da ƙananan hanyoyin zubar da jini fiye da sau ɗaya zuwa biyu a mako ba.
Ciyar da abincin shuka abu ne kyawawa: farin burodi, steamed oatmeal, Boiled semolina, scalded da yankakken letas, Dandelion, da dai sauransu.
Yanayin tsarewa
Lokacin adana da kula da tabon cuneiform, la'akari da yanayin da kifin ke zaune a cikin yanayin halitta. Sun fi son kasancewa a cikin ruwa tare da mafaka da yawa a cikin yanayin ciyayi mai yawa. Zesididdigar mara misalai ta sami damar daidaitawa da sabon yanayin rayuwa. Dangane da waɗannan lamuran, ya zama dole don samar da akwatin kifaye don bincike.
Akwatin kifaye
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don adana kifi zai zama akwatin kifaye tare da ƙara 40 lita ko fiye. Idan kuna shirin tsara babban makarantar kifi daga guda 15, yana da daraja ku duba sosai a cikin kwandon mai ɗauke da nauyin 80 ko fiye. Don mazaunan cikin ruwa suna jin daɗi, zaɓi akwatin kifayen masu hutu. An san kifayen ta hanyar ƙara yawan aiki da ikon tsalle, don haka kula da kasancewar murfi ko gilashi.
Shuke-shuke
Mafaka sun zama dole don ƙananan kifi, hornwort, cryptocoryne, duk nau'ikan mosses, valisneria da nau'ikan snags sun fi dacewa. A saman ruwa na iya zama kowane tsire-tsire iyo iyo. Lura cewa dole ne a shirya tsirrai don haka akwai isasshen sarari don yin iyo ba tare da kyauta ba.
Tsarin ruwa
A dabi'a, ana amfani da beraye don kasancewa cikin jikin ruwa tare da raunin yanzu, tare da ruwa mai laushi. Don hana kifin fuskantar damuwa, ƙirƙirar yanayi iri ɗaya don ita. Dole ne a kiyaye zafin jiki na ruwa a matakin 23 - 25. Sanya matatar mai ciki wacce ta haifar da karamin kwarara a cikin ruwa. Hardarfin ruwa a cikin kewayon 8 - 12 dH, acidity 5.5 - 7.0 pH.
Ciyar da abinci
Kifin kifaye a cikin yanayi ya ba fifiko ga sauran kwari da lardin su. A gida, suna ciyar da kowane nau'in abinci, ba tare da togiya ba: flakes, ba manyan granules, bushe da abinci mai rai. Hakanan, ba za su ƙi abinci mai sanyi ba, kamar artemia. Domin kifin ya isa matsakaicin girma a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, ana bada shawara don bin daidaitaccen abinci, ba da abinci na yau da kullun don abinci.
Maganin bakin ciki na fasalin yan kadan kadan ne, don haka abincin da zai rayu ya zama ƙanana.
Yarbuwa
Parses suna da abokantaka, sabili da haka suna iya dacewa da kowane nau'in kifin aminci: neon, tetra, ƙarami, mai farin ciki. Kada ku dasa su da kifaye masu girma da tsinkaye, irin su cichlids, manyan sikeli da piranhas, suna iya ɗaukar farawa a cikin akwatin kifaye don abinci. A saboda wannan dalili, zai fi kyau kiyaye kifaye a cikin garken, aƙalla bincike 10, wannan zai taimaka musu su daidaita da sabon wurin zama da sauri. Bugu da kari, makaranta na samar da launi mai haske, musamman ma a cikin maza, wanda a koyaushe yake cikin yanayin hasken mace.
Ciyarwa
Lokacin shirya spawning, kiyaye dokoki da yawa:
- Don kiwo nau'i-nau'i amfani da damar 5 - 8 lita. A matsayin matattarar ƙasa don keɓancewar rukuni, ana shawarar tanki na daban na aƙalla lita 20. Kuna iya ba da akwatin kifin ko kwalban filastik na ƙarar da ya dace.
- Ya kamata ruwa ya kasance tsakanin digiri 26 - 28. Hardarfin ruwa kada ya wuce 3 - 4 dH, acidity a cikin 5 - 6 pH.
Kafin ka fara shirye-shiryen ganga, a hankali tsaftace shi.
- Ruwan gishiri ana zuba shi a cikin matattarar sharar ƙasa don kiwo, kuma 1/4 na ruwa dole ne a distilled, tare da ƙari da peat broth. A sakamakon haka, inuwa na ruwa tayi kama da shayi mai rauni.
- A kasan akwai tsire-tsire iri iri tare da manyan ganye, kamar su cryptocoryne. Shuke-shuke da ƙananan ganye ba za su yi aiki ba, kamar yadda mace za ta haɗa ƙwai a cikin ganyayyaki. Kar a manta a latsa tushen tsirran da tsiran tsirrai domin kada tsire-tsire su taso kan ruwa a farfajiya.
- Yakamata tanki ya zama mai taushi, walƙiya.
- Matsayin ruwa a cikin tsalle kada ya wuce santimita 20.
Ciyarwa
Yawancin lokaci ana yin gungun maza biyu biyu zuwa uku mata 3 zuwa 4. Kafin tsallakewa, sun kasu gida biyu daban-daban na kwanaki 5 - 7, a wannan lokacin ana buqatar ciyar da masu samar da abinci da abinci kai tsaye.
Matsaloli na iya tashi a cikin kiwo, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa mata sun girma zuwa ɗan lokaci sauri fiye da maza. Don haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da maza waɗanda suke da watanni da yawa fiye da mace.
Bayan mako guda, kifayen suna motsawa zuwa filaye, yana da kyau a yi haka da yamma. Yawanci tsari yana farawa da safe, bayan kwanaki 1 - 2. A wannan lokacin, ruwan da ke cikin akwatin kifin ya zama mai tsabta, don haka babu buƙatar ciyar da iyaye nan gaba.
Yayin aiwatar da shi, namiji yakan ta'azantar da mace ya tura ta zuwa ga ganyaye na tsirrai. Tana sanya ƙwai akan su, kuma maza, bi da bi, nan da nan takin su. Yawancin lokaci duk aikin ba ze wuce awa biyu ba. Femaleaya mace mai ciki tana iya sanya ƙwai 200-300 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya. Da zaran ciki na fanko, nan da nan cire kifin daga akwatin kifaye, kamar yadda suke haifar da babbar barazana ga caviar. An saka Spawning a cikin wani wuri mai duhu, an rufe shi da masana'anta mai yawa daga sama.
Kulawar Baby
Bayan 1.5 - kwanaki 2, larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga qwai, wanda nan da nan ya zama soya. A cikin kwanaki biyar na farko na rayuwarsu, basa buƙatar abinci, kamar yadda suke ciyar da jakar gwaiduwa. Bayan haka, wajibi ne don gabatar da turɓayar rai, ciliates, artemia ko rotifers a cikin abinci. Idan babu abincin da ya dace da hannu, zaku iya ciyar da soya da soyayyen kaza a ciki. Yankakken frys suna girma cikin sauri, da wata 1 su girma zuwa 1 cm tsayi, kuma bayan watanni 8 suka kai ga balaga. Don taimakawa soya don dacewa da yanayin akwatin kifaye, sannu a hankali maye gurbinsu da ruwa don ruwa mai tsauri daga cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa. Ka kasance cikin tsabta a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da soya, shigar da ƙaramin tacewa da aeration, saka ilsan katantanwa a cikin ampoule, zasu taimaka kawar da abincin da ke saura a cikin ruwa.
Idan kuna son kifin kifayen ƙananan ƙwayoyin hannu da wayar hannu, to sai ku ji kyauta don fara garken dabbobin cuneiform da aka gani. Ba shi da wahala a kula da mazaunan cikin ruwa wanda zai ba ku yawancin motsin zuciyarku.
Yadda ake yin kiwo
Nasarar kiwo a cikin kiwo ya dogara ne da horarwar masu samarwa. Don farawa, a kalla tumaki biyu na soya ya kamata a sayo su daga masu ruwa a cikin ruwa daban. Yana da kyawawa cewa kifin ya bambanta da shekarun wata ta biyu ko uku. An fi kiyaye filaye a wurare dabam dabam.
Mace na tabkin cuneiform wanda suka manyanta fiye da maza kuma a shekaru 6-7 sun riga sun fara fara wasannin mating. Bayan sun cika kawunansu, suna haɗe zuwa gefen maza, kamar dai suna gayyatar su halarci waɗannan bukukuwan. Bayan haka, suna iyo a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki na tsire-tsire, suna jujjuya su kuma yi koyi da kwanciya na ƙwai (wasu lokuta ana amfani da ganuwar akwatin kifaye don wannan).
Koyaya, maza masu shekaru iri ɗaya ba tukuna shirye don kiwo. Wasu lokuta ma sukan shiga cikin wasanni, amma tsallake daga irin wannan mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, bashi da abin jira.
Maza ya kamata watanni 8-9, tsufa, mai launin launi, mai dacewa daga wata gona na akwatin kifaye.
Ya kamata masu masana'antun nan gaba su kwana 7-10. Ana ajiye su a zazzabi na 23-24 ° C kuma an ciyar dasu da cyclops, ƙananan zubar jini, "littlean aljanu", enchitrea ko nika. A matsayin manyan kayan miya, yana da kyau mutum ya ba 'yan' ya 'ya' ya 'ya' yan fari sarƙaƙƙiya, mai daɗin bitamin E.
Ruwa don ƙaddamar da bincike
Yanzu game da shirya ruwa don spawning. Zai fi kyau amfani da tsohon ruwa daga akwatin kifaye tare da ingantaccen ma'aunin ƙwayoyin cuta. An wuce ta cikin carbon da aka kunna da kwata na ƙara na matsa famfo da ruwa an ƙara ƙara don rage taurin zuwa 2-5 ° (ƙwai ba ƙasa da m a cikin ruwa mai wuya). Zai fi kyau a cimma asarar acidity (pH 6-6.5) tare da taimakon alder seedlings, peat broth, kuma ban da ƙari na phosphoric acid.
Ruwa ya kamata ya ɗauki launi da ɗan shayi mai ɗanɗano. Round-da-agogo ruwa ne kyawawa.
Mako guda kafin wannan zargin da aka yi, ya kamata a saka mai hita, injin, da tsire-tsire a cikin ɓoye. Duk da gaskiyar cewa wasu sifofin da aka sifanta wajan sanya itace a gefen ƙananan ganyayyaki, wani ɓangaren sa yana gangarowa zuwa ƙasa, kuma idan net ɗin ta zama raga, iyayen suna cinye shi da sauri. A ganina, Thai mafi kyau ana amfani da shi azaman spawning substrate, wanda yayi kyau yana shafar ingancin ruwa. Bugu da kari, abu ne mai matukar inuwa-mai juriya tare da jure rashin hasken fitila a cikin yaduwa.
Tsarin Foto Cuneiform na kwance
Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa ganyayen sa masu lalacewa sun saki abubuwa masu guba a cikin ruwa, wanda zai iya lalata caviar ko ma ya hana yin ɓarna.
Ofaukar da spaining ya dogara da yawan masu samarwa. A aikace na, na yi amfani da marayu da kuma garken garken. Tare da spawning biyu, a seedling of 6-8 lita isa; tare da flocking, 8-10 mutane ya kamata samun 15-20 lita na girma.
A cikin zaɓi na farko (yana da kyau idan aka sami amincewa ga masu samarwa), ana samun ƙarancin caviar fiye da na biyu. Koyaya, gwargwadon abubuwan da na lura, ba dukkan mata bane galibi ke shiga cikin garken tumakin, sai dai waɗanda suke tafiya da kyau. Ga irin wannan mata, maza na biye da farko. Sauran dole ne su huda qwai don hana bayyanar cysts a cikinsu. A cikin maza, har ila yau, ba kowa ba ke aiki: wasu suna shiga cikin ɓarna, wasu suna jin nauyin caviar.
Zai fi kyau dasawa da masu kera kiwo a cikin maraice, da daɗewa kafin kashe wutar, a ciyar da kifayen na ƙarshe da safe. Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau a bar nau'i biyu ko biyu a ajiye. Bayan kunna hita, zazzabi ya tashi zuwa 26-7 ° °. Ya kamata a rage yawan tashin hankali ko a kashe na ɗan lokaci gaba ɗaya.
Binciken Spawning galibi yana farawa gobe, amma kuma yana iya yin tsawon kwanaki 1-2. Abubuwan da suka haifar da jinkiri sune ko dai rashin shirya kifin, ko abubuwan waje: abubuwanda ruwan yake dashi, zazzabirsa, da matsanancin yanayi. A cikin mummunan yanayi, an danganta shi da matsin lamba, hazo, kifi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a tsinke. Idan babu tsinke a tsakanin kwanaki 2-3, ya kamata kuyi ƙoƙarin haɓaka shi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin wannan. Kuna iya sanya wasu maza don tsinke, zaku iya maye gurbin A, ɓangaren ruwa tare da ruwa na abun da ke ciki, amma a zazzabi mafi girma (1-2 ° C). Amma, a ganina, hanya mafi inganci ita ce ƙara ruwa (lita 0.5-1) daga ɗakunan shan iska, inda tuni ya wuce.
Yawancin mata ne ke fara wasanni, amma ba da jimawa ba himma ta wuce ga namiji. A lokacin tuki mai zurfi, mace za ta zaɓi wuri a kan ganyen shuka inda za'a iya kwanciya qwai. Sannan ya juye yana jujjuya kwai a saman takardar. Namiji, yana lankwasawa a jikin jikin mace, yana yayyafa madara da caviar. A lokaci guda, mace ta haɗiye ƙwai da yawa - ba fiye da guda 10 a cikin kama (kuma wani lokacin ba guda ɗaya ba).
Ba duk qwai ba ne a cikin ganyayyaki. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fadi zuwa ƙasa, suna manne da grid ɗin, amma yana ci gaba kamar yadda yakamata. Da wuya, ga alama, a tsakiyar kullun, kifin ya sa ƙwai a bangon akwatin kifaye.
Tare da tsabtace garken tumaki, maza marasa aiki da matan '' wofi '' waɗanda ba su yi saurin lalacewa ba, idan zai yiwu, wasu masu kera sun maye gurbinsu. Kifin suna da sha'awar har ya zuwa yanzu basu lura da tsoma bakin masu aikin ruwa ba, idan ba su da tsawo. Masu samarwa daga ajiyar wuri ba da daɗewa ba za su fara ɗaukar nauyi. Tsawon lokacinta yawanci 2-2.5 hours. A wannan lokacin, amintaccen ma'aurata na iya bayar da zuwa ƙwai 200, amma yawanci ƙasa da ƙasa.
Tsarin Foto Cuneiform na kwance
A ƙarshen spawning, ya kamata a sake dasa bayanan a cikin wasu wurare dabam dabam - saboda har yanzu ba a san sakamakon ba. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a dena ragowar ƙwai tare da mace. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali, ba tare da cire kifin daga cikin rigar ba ko saka shi a cikin auduga mai laushi: tare da hannu ɗaya suna riƙe kansa da kansa, tare da ɗayan tare da auduga mai rigar ciki tare da ciki daga kai zuwa wutsiya. Dole ne ayi aikin gaba daya a cikin minti daya, tabbatar da cewa kwatancen suna da jika.
Ya kamata a sani cewa mace na cuneiform spotting suna iya zama walƙiya. Saboda haka, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, koda ba'a tsara zuriya ba, dole ne a dasa su zuwa ciki don hana samuwar mafitsara. Ya mutu da gudu cyst mutu.
Caviar tabewar cuneiform baya tsoron haske, amma har yanzu yana da kyau kada a bada kyawun haske. Shigar da mai sprayer wacce tayi hade da ruwa da kirkirar iskar oxygen ga qwai bata cutarwa.
Wani lokaci, nan da nan bayan tsalle, duk caviar ya juya ya zama fari. Wannan ya faru ne saboda shiri mara kyau ko zaɓin wanda bai dace ba na masu samarwa (ƙwai matan sun cika yawa, namiji ba ya aiki, da dai sauransu).
Hakanan yana faruwa cewa caviar, wanda yake bayyana a farkon, ya yi fari kuma har ma yana narkewa bayan fewan awanni, wanda shine mafi yawanci saboda haɗarin ruwan da bai dace ba (alal misali, yana iya canzawa saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai wasu launuka masu launin shuɗi-kore akan ganyen fern Thai).
Kuma a ƙarshe, zaɓi na uku: sakamakon spawning yana da kyau da kuma mummunan caviar, kuma rabon tsakanin su na iya bambanta sosai. Idan a cikin yawancin ƙwai mara kyau akwai qwai mai gaskiya, to, yana da ma'ana ga wani ɓangaren ruwan, har sai ya yi girgije, zuba a cikin wani akwati kuma sanya shuka tare da ƙwai da aka shimfiɗa a cikin ganyayyaki. Eggsaƙƙarfan qwai waɗanda suka faɗi zuwa ƙasa suna buƙatar canja wurin zuwa wurin, tun da zaɓa su tare da bututu na gilashin bakin ciki (a hanyar, ƙwai masu kyau na iya kasancewa akan grid).
Idan mummunan caviar bai isa ba, zai fi kyau a bar komai kamar yadda yake. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, ana iya ƙara launin methylene a cikin ruwa - har sai launin launi.
Bayan kwana guda, launin larvae ya fi girma. Suna rataye a bangon, ganyen shuka, suna kwance a ƙasa. Girgiza ɗauka da sauƙi, dole ne a hankali cire murfin da net kuma, don kada ruwan ya lalace, gabatar da coilsar biyu ko uku waɗanda zasu ci caviar mara kyau. Katantan tsatsauran tsintsar ba ta shafe shi ba: lokacin da aka taɓa shi, nan take sai su koma gefe.Za'a iya rage matakin ruwan zuwa 5-7 santimita.
Kwana hudu bayan tsallakewa, kwana daya kafin lardin, iyo, ana iya ƙara abinci kadan a cikin ɓoye - ciliates, rotifers. Kudancin lardin da ke iyo a rana mai zuwa nan da nan zai fara ɗaukar Artemia nauplii, kuma protozoa zai zama ciyarwa mai kyau: bayan duk, nauplii a cikin ruwa mai kyau ba ya daɗe.
Lokacin kulawa da larvae, yana da dacewa don amfani da hanyar da shahararren Leningrad aquarist V. Lamin ya bayar. Ruwa da larvae ya kamata a zuba a hankali a cikin wani zagaye enameled tasa sannan kuma unwisted. Bayan ruwan ya tsaya, larvae zai bazu ko'ina cikin girma, kuma datti zai kasance a tsakiyar, inda za'a iya tattara shi da sauƙi tare da lu'u-lu'u ko tsotse shi tare da bututu na bakin ciki.
Yayin da larvae suke cikin kwano, ya kamata a wanke mai adar da kyau ba tare da amfani da abubuwan wanke-wankan na roba ba. Don haka wajibi ne don a zuba ruwa a hankali tare da larvae a ciki, ƙara ƙarin ruwa mai tsauri na zafin jiki iri ɗaya (daidai gwargwado). Bayan duk hanyoyin, dole ne a ciyar da larvae.
Tsarin Foto Cuneiform na kwance
Larvae jure wa irin wannan aiki da kyau, kawai kawai ya zama tilas kada su bi bangon jirgin ruwa.
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, soya yana girma da sauri. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan sun iyo, ana iya bambanta duhu duhu a garesu, kuma a gindin wutsiya akwai baƙar fata. Kwana goma daga baya, soya ya rigaya ya dauki karamar daphnia. Ba zan ba da shawarar ciyar da su da ƙananan cyclops ba: sau ɗaya a cikin adadin mai doki, yana iya haifar da babbar illa ga ƙananan yara.
Sai kawai lokacin da ya kai wata daya, lokacin da soya suke da ƙarfi sosai, ana iya ba su a cikin ƙananan adadin waɗannan ɓoyayyun. Bayan wasu makonni biyu, lokacin da soya ta kai ɗaya da rabi santimita, ana dafa tubule mai tsabta a cikin abincin, amma ba shi yiwuwa a ba shi da yawa a kowane yanayi. Bristles mai wuya wanda ke rufe jikin waɗannan tsutsotsi na iya haifar da cutar hanji har ma da mutuƙar soya. Kuma duk da haka, kamar yadda al'adar ke nunawa, bayan da aka juye da juyawa zuwa ciyar da tubule, ana samun saurin girma sosai.
Tabbas, yawan ruwa kuma yana rinjayar ƙimar girma. A cikin makonni biyu zuwa uku bayan an tafasa kifayen, yakamata a canza su zuwa mafi yawan tsiran kifin ruwa mai dumbin yawa na ruwa. Don tacewa zai fi kyau amfani da matattar kumfa.
Kimanin wata hudu ke nan da maza masu zuwa, baƙar fata ta fara buɗewa a ƙarshen ɓangaren gabanta, har zuwa watanni 6-7 ya ƙare a matakin tsakanin ƙwalƙwalwar ciki da ƙonewa. Bayan wannan halayyar, maza suna da halin jiki mai santsi, aƙƙarfan ventral ventral da launuka mai haske na ƙashin ƙyallen da ƙusoshin farin ciki.
Idan kuna shirin yin kifi, to, daga farkon broods ya fi kyau zaɓi mafi yawan maza. Bayan tsinkaye uku ko hudu a tsaka-tsakin kwanaki 7-10, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar hutu na watanni ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da rabi. Sannan, a matsayinka na mai mulki, za a sami fararen hular caviar, amma bari wannan ya dame ka: a nan gaba lamarin zai inganta. Yawancin mata an zaɓi su ne daga soya girma bayan waɗannan ɓarna. A cikin tsararraki masu zuwa, don haifuwa ta al'ada, yana da kyawawa don amfani da kifi daga wata gona na akwatin kifaye.
Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo tabewar cuneiform a cikin jerin ruwayoyin mai son da kuma alaƙar da ke da alaƙa da wannan ba zai iya shafan samuwar siffofin masu maye ba. A farkon shekarun 70s, an sami rahotannin jerin hare-hare a cikin mujallu na ƙasashen waje. Masu binciken ruwa daga ruwa sun hadu da kifi tare da tsananin zafin rana mai ɗorewa da ƙashin ƙyallen fata.
Yata ta rayu na dogon lokaci, a cikin abin da ƙananan haske na caudal fin ya kasance mai tsawo, kamar na takobi. Koyaya, tsayayye mayafin fasali tabewar cuneiform har yanzu ba a karɓa ba. Sau ɗaya, yayin da ake tara datti daga wani farin kwanon ruɓaɓɓen inda ruwa ya zubo daga ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyi tare da matasa, 'yan makonni biyu, na lura da soya huɗu waɗanda suka fito fili da farar fata da launi mai duhu. A wata na wata ɗaya, lokacin da mafi yawancin abin soya sun kasance masu launi kamar iyaye, waɗannan hudun suna da asali mai launin toka. Koyaya, a kan lokaci, ya fara haske, kuma bayan ya kai watanni 5-6, ba za a iya bambanta kifin daga takwarorinsu ba. Yana yiwuwa daga baya, tare da aikin kiwo da ya dace, yana yiwuwa a sami bambancin baƙi na R. heteromorpha.
Menene shari'ar rashin lafiya
Abubuwan da aka ɗauka da nau'i mai ɗaure da ke girma cikin kyakkyawan yanayi da wuya su yi rashin lafiya. Ko yaya dai, mutum ya kamata ya yi la’akari da cututtukan da waɗannan kifayen galibi ke fama da su.
Tsarin Foto Cuneiform na kwance
Da fari dai, suna iya kamuwa da sanyi, kuma a zazzabi ruwa a ƙasa 20-21 ° C ana barazanar su da cututtukan fungal. Jiyya mai sauƙi - kawai sanya kifin a cikin tsohuwar ruwa, ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa 2 ° C - 30 ° C kuma tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin. Yana da kyau a yi wanka da gajeru na ɗan gajeren lokaci (mintuna 10-15) daga ruwan ɗigon ruwan hoda na potassiumganganate, wanda za'a iya haɗa shi da wani sinadarin sodium chloride - 3/4 tablespoon a 1 lita na ruwa. Wadannan matakan suna ba ku damar kawar da cutar a cikin kwanaki 3-5.
Halin ya fi rikitarwa tare da oodiniosis, wanda kifayen ma suke da hankali. A wannan yanayin, magani tare da bicillin-5 yana da tasiri. Don rigakafin, a cikin manyan ruwayen ruwa waɗanda ke dauke da ƙananan yara, ana bada shawara don ƙara gishiri - tablespoon a kowace lita 10 na ruwa.
Rian tarnaki na amsa da sauƙin canji a cikin tsarin sinadaran ruwa. Bayan fadowa daga matsakaiciyar acidic mai taushi zuwa matsanancin zafi wanda yake maganin alkaline, sai su sha mamaki, wanda hakan zai iya zama cutarwa a gare su. Ko da saurin juyawa cikin ruwa tare da sigogi masu dacewa ba koyaushe ke adana kifi ba.
Mafi kusancin dangi tabewar cuneiform - Binciken Hengel (R. hengcli Mcinken, 1956). Tare da siffar jiki iri ɗaya, kifayen suna da ƙarami kaɗan (har zuwa santimita 3.5) da ƙarancin launi mai haske, wanda yake ƙaruwa lokacin furuci. Wurin da aka sifanta da fuska mai kyau ba a bayyane ba kuma ya yi kama da farar fata, ana matsa wa wutsiya. G. Frey ya nuna bambancin halayen mace na waɗannan kifayen: don tilasta wa namiji ya ɓata, sukan yi ta jujjuya su. Binciken Hengel, kamar na mai kamanni, ya sa ƙwai a ƙasan ganyayyakin tsire-tsire masu ruwa. Abin takaici, babu rahoto game da bayyanar waɗannan kifaye masu ban sha'awa a Rasha.
Bayanin
Ana iya gano waɗannan kifayen ta sauƙi, ƙoshin maras nauyi a gefe da duhu wuri mai duhu, sannu a hankali yana matsawa a baya na jikinsa har ya zuwa gindin kwallar caudal. An fassara sunan Latin game da HALITTAR - wani wuri mai triangular.
Tsarin halayyar shine dalilin sunansu Turanci - fassara mai ƙarfi.
Halayya da Yarbuwa
Kayayyakin ɗaukar hoto na ƙawance suna daɗaɗɗun nau'ikan ruwa, kuma idan kun kiyaye su shi kadai a cikin akwatin kifaye, sai su zama masu firgita, haka ma, dukkan ƙaƙƙarfan launi, musamman ma a cikin maza, yana bayyana kanta kawai a gaban mutane na nau'ikan nata.
Kiwo
A dabi'a, da yawa jinsunan spawn a manyan kungiyoyi.
Wakilan wannan halittar sun banbanta wajen ilimin halitta. Ba kamar sauran binciken ba, a yayin tsintar su kawai ƙwayayensu ke kwance, ƙwai masu ɗaukar hoto suna man ƙwai zuwa ƙananan farfajiyar ganyen tsire-tsire masu ruwa.
Kiwon waɗannan kifayen abu ne mai matuƙar wahala. Girma na kifin ya kai watanni 7-10, gwargwadon yanayin tsarewa. A kusa da wannan lokacin, ya kamata a aika zuwa spawn. A cikin mafi kyawun ma'aurata, namiji ya kamata ya zama wata ɗaya ya fi mace girma. Kwana 10 kafin farawa, masu kera (ba su wuce 2 maza da mata 3-4 ba) ana buƙatar dasa su kuma a ciyar da su sosai, mafi kyau tare da zubar jini. A lokaci guda, kifayen za su yi amfani da su wajen tsabtace ruwa, wanda ke da bambanci a cikin sigoginsa daga akwatin kifaye.
Spaarar cikin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla lita 30. M gaban tsararren tsire-tsire, alal misali, Thai fern ko cryptocoryne. Tsire-tsire don tsabtace tsire-tsire dole ne a wanke su sosai, kuma dole ne a shafe cikin akwatin kifaye. A kasan don qwai yakamata a saka grid. Matsayin ruwa mai tsalle ba ya wuce cm 20. Tsaranan ruwan a cikin akwatin kifayen ruwa kamar haka: tauri - 4, pH 5.5 -6.5, zazzabi 26 - 28 ° C. Ba a yarda da ƙarancin digo. Ya kamata a tace ruwan da ya ɗanɗana ta ɗanyen shayi. Haske shine ya fi dacewa yadawa. Koyaya, wani lokacin spaining a cikin haske haske.
Idan yanayin da aka kirkira a cikin filin yana da kyau, namiji zai fara tura mace ƙasa, yana gewaye da ita. Mace ba da daɗewa ba zata fara iyo sama da ganyen tsire-tsire, wani lokacin ɗaukar matsayi a tsaye. Namiji zai zo tare da ita. Ya lullube kansa a jikinta, bayan haka macen ta sanya qwai da yawa, nan da nan ta manne cikin ganyayyaki. An maimaita komai sau da yawa. Wasu ɓangarorin ƙwai za su faɗi har zuwa ƙarshen akwatin kifaye, a ƙarƙashin net. A cikin 1.5-2 hours na spawning, mace na iya share har zuwa 300 qwai.
Bayan tsallake kifayen, kifi na buƙatar sake sanya shi cikin akwatin kifaye, kuma ganuwar da ke cikin duhu ta yi duhu. Larvae ya bayyana bayan sa'o'i 36, kuma soya sun sami damar yin iyo da kuma ci ta 5 na rayuwa. A matsayin ciyarwa, kuna buƙatar amfani da ƙaramin zooplankton: brine shrimp da daphnia. Tunda ana bambanta soya ta hanyar ci mai kyau, suna buƙatar ciyar da su sau da yawa a rana. Sannan a cikin abincinsu zai yuwu a kara abinci na musamman. Thearamar toya na iya ciyar da abinci a kan babban abinci, coronet, enchitrea, ƙananan jinin jini, cyclops, daphnia, artemia. Yatsotsin na girma da sauri.
Ana juya Heteromorph ko Sphenoid (Trigonostigma heteromorpha)
Abin da aka fi so a cikin tasoshin ruwa na gida, tarihin abin da ke ciki ya kasance yana ci gaba fiye da shekaru ɗari. Ga mafi yawan masana aquarists, sunan bincike yana da alaƙa da wannan nau'in jinsin, kodayake, kamar yadda muka sani, shine mafi yawan wakilin wannan rukunin. Wannan shine mafi girma har zuwa 5 cm kuma mafi tsayi duka cuneiform spotting. Jikin launi mai ruwan hoda, launin baki mai ɗaukar hoto, farawa daga tsakiyar jiki, daɗaɗɗa, farawa a ko'ina zuwa wutsiya. A cikin maza an fayyace shi sarai, a cikin mace mara nauyi ne, tare da ƙaramar zagaye zagaye. Bugu da kari, maza sun bambanta su da aikin jan dorsal mai haske. Yankunan sun yaɗu cikin Thailand, Malesiya, Sumatra da Kalimantan.
Karin Espei (Trigonostigma espei)
Ya bambanta da jinsin da suka gabata a cikin ɗan ƙaramin kyau mai kyau, mai jan karfe-launi na launi daban-daban, mai laushi da haɓaka tare da ƙaramin maƙallan kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliya, abin tunawa da ƙyallen wuka (a Turanci, ana kiran wannan kifin 'lambchop rasbora'). M kifin makaranta kifi don rarar ruwa tare da faci mai inuwa. Ciyayi mai yawa kamar mafaka: tsirrai masu tsayi da laushi, ruwa ɗan peaty ɗan acidic. Akwai keɓantattun ƙabilu biyu na wannan nau'in: ɗayan a kudu maso yamma na Thailand, ɗayan a kudu maso gabashin ƙasar, kan iyaka da Kambodiya. Canza launi na iya bambanta da yawa dangane da mazauninsu.
Tsawon Layi: Bai wuce 3.5 cm ba.
Ruwa: zazzabi 23-28 C, pH dan kadan acidic a ƙasa 7, m, dn 2-10.
Abinci: rayuwa, sanyi da bushe.
Range: Thailand, Cambodia.
Karin Somfongsi (Trigonostigma somphongsi)
Karamin wakilin halittar, wanda ya kai tsawon 3 cm kawai, kuma a lokaci guda wanda jikinsa yake rawa, mai tuki. Wurin yana da fadi kadan a gaban kuma wataƙila yana wakiltar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya ne daga tushe zuwa wutsiya zuwa tsakiyar ɓangare na jiki. Bangaren gabanta yana zagaye da launin rawaya mai haske, jigon launi na gaba ɗaya shine zinare. Kamancin yana da wuya a yanayi kuma ana bukatar a fayyace cikakken bayani game da rarrabuwa. Amintaccen sananne ga mazauninsa a wasu yankuna yammacin yammacin Thailand.
Goge-goge tinted ne mai kyau zabi ga janar da kuma akwatin kifaye na ruwa, sun yadu a tsakanin masu ruwaye a cikin duniya.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Don kiwon faci mai siffa da siket da tsawon rayuwarsa, kuna buƙatar ciyar da kifin yadda yakamata. Abincin abinci na heteromorphs ya bambanta: abinci iri-iri iri ne akan abinci iri daban daban, gami da tsiro, rayuwa da abinci mai sanyi. Don fasalin ya haɓaka kuma ya yi farin ciki tare da launi mai haske, ana ba dabbobi dabbobin a kai a kai:
- Artemia
- grated cuku
- cuku gida mai mai mai kitse
- bushe granules da flakes,
- crumbs farin burodi
- Semolina
- bugun jini,
- mai yin tubule.
Dole ne a daidaita abinci, kuma abincin ya kasance ƙasa kafin yin hidima. Bakin kifin yana da kankanta, saboda haka duk abincin yakamata ya zama mai rauni sosai.
Kiwo
An yi imani da cewa ƙarancin cuneiform ɗin abubuwa ne mai rikitarwa, amma a zahiri babu matsaloli a cikin wannan. Don yin tsallakewa ya zama dole kawai don samar da kifin tare da halayen da suka dace. Sake buguwa yana faruwa a cikin akwatin da keɓe daban.
- girma - 6-8 l,
- ruwa zafin jiki - 26C - 27C,
- acidity - daga 5 zuwa 6 pH,
- Taurin - ba fiye da 3 dH ba.
Ruwan da ake amfani da shi don tanki mai warwarewa an daidaita shi, tare da ƙari da peat broth. An zaɓi tsire-tsire tare da manyan ganye, saboda parsing na iya sa qwai. Saiti mai haske yana da laushi, mara nauyi. Kafin kiwan kiwo, ana wanke gangariyar kuma a keɓe ta.
Matsalar kawai a cikin kiwo da maza shine, 'yan mata sun girma a baya fiye da yara maza, don haka ma'aurata sukan girme, suna tara maza fiye da watanni biyu. Iyaye na gaba suna komawa zuwa wuraren shakatawa, inda mace ke sanya ƙwai, bayan haka an cire kifayen nan da nan daga wurin ɓoye don adana soya nan gaba. A akwatin kifaye tare da yara an rufe da m al'amari, da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai duhu.
Bayan kwana biyu, ƙananan kifaye sun bayyana a cikin haske, kuma bayan kwana biyar, masu binciken ruwa sun fara ciyar da soya, suna basu ciliates, artemia da rotifers. Hakanan, masu mallakar kullun suna lura da tsabtataccen tafki, sabunta ruwa da shigar da tacewa da aeration. A cikin watanni takwas, an dafa faranti kuma ya zama balagagge.
Nazarin nau'ikan cututtukan sikelin
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, heteromorphs da wuya yayi rashin lafiya, amma wani lokacin har ma waɗannan kifayen da ke da rigakafi mai ƙarfi suna kama mura. Mafi yawan cututtukan fasai sune:
- Colds - lokacin da zazzabi ya faɗi ƙasa da 20C, kifin ya kama mura, har ila yau ana yi musu barazanar cututtukan fungal. Don prophylaxis, an sanya dabbobi zuwa cikin akwatin kifaye tare da ruwa mai ƙoshin zazzabi kuma ya ƙaru zuwa 27C.
- Oodiniosis - a wannan yanayin, ana kula da bicillin-5.
Kifi yana fuskantar matsananciyar damuwa tare da canjin yanayin ƙarfi. Sau ɗaya a cikin yanayin da bai dace ba, fasfuna suna jin rashin jin daɗi, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar dabbobi. Don haka, ana lura da aikin ruwa sosai ta amfani da kayan aikin aunawa don kulawa.
Falon fasalin fasalin faskare shine kifi mai motsi da aiki, a cikin abin da akwai lokuta masu daɗi da ban sha'awa. Hetromorphs marasa fassarori ne, masu saurin shayarwa kuma masu kyan gani mai ban sha'awa tare da kwararan kwarangwal da ƙoshin haske. Kifi mai zafi tare da suna mai kyau zai ƙawata duk wani kandami na wucin gadi.