Pink-taguwa, ko California California (Lichanura trivirgata) an rarraba shi a kudu maso yammacin Amurka (San Diego a California, tare da bakin tekun, daga arewa zuwa Dutsen Mojave da gabas zuwa Sonora, Arizona: yankuna a arewacin Kogin Gila) da kuma arewa maso yammacin Mexico. Tana zaune a wurare masu tsauri a ciki da aka rufe da shukoki, canyons, masallaci, jeji da hamada. Ana samun waɗannan macizai a tsayin 2000 m sama da matakin teku, kuma sun fi son ɓarna na kudu na tsaunuka da wuraren kusa da maɓallin ruwa.
Bayanin
Mai ɗaukar hoto mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda yana da kauri lokacin farin ciki, gajeriyar wutsiya mara nauyi, tana matsawa zuwa ƙarshensa. Shugaban nasa ya fi kunkuntar, kadan ne ya fi wuyar wuyansa. Dorsal Sikeli m. Idanun suna kanana, ɗalibin a tsaye yake. A saman muƙamuƙi akwai 14-20 (matsakaici 17) haƙori hakora. Maza sun yi ƙanƙan da girma fiye da na mace, kuma ƙwakwalwar dubansu ita ce mafi gani.
Babban zane Python ruwan hoda - Abubuwa uku masu duhu da yawa (daga baki, launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa), mai shimfiɗa jiki a kan yanayin wuta (launin toka, mai ruwan-haske, launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin rawaya, cream ko fari). Za'a iya bayyana rariyoyi a bayyane ko tare da gefuna masu haske. Ba a san tsammanin rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin yanayi ba, amma a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 18-30.
Menene ɗan constrictor yayi kama?
Ma'aikacin ma'aikaci, kodayake yana da manyan halaye, ya ɗan ƙanƙan da sauran 'yan uwan dangi. Abin lura ne cewa girman ya dogara da mazaunin mazauna - a wasu wurare, macizai sun fi mita hudu tsawo. A lokaci guda, mace suna fifita - sun fi girma fiye da kishiyar maza.
Kimanin nauyi shine kilo 25, amma wani lokacin zaku iya haɗuwa da wakilai kilo 50. Hakanan, launuka na maciji sun dogara da yankin zama.
Ainihin, boas suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, cream da launin toka. Abubuwan alfahari suna inganta kamara sosai. Bakan gizo maciji yana da kyawawan lu'ulu'u masu kyau.
Lura!
Wannan nau'in yana da kai mai siffa kibiya, tare da ratsi uku launi mai duhu. Tsarin numfashi ya ƙunshi huhu biyu, inda tabbataccen sashin jiki ya fi girma ta hagu. Abin lura shi ne cewa yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe sun yi rashin ƙarshe.
Aikin rayuwa
Boas suna ciyar da rayuwar su kaɗai. A farkon farawa, namiji yakan kwana tare da mace. Boas dabbobi ne marasa tsayi, kuma da rana, suna bacci. Manya da manyan macizai sun gwammace farauta.
Wasu ba su san cewa macijin mai dafi ba ya wanzu, tunda duk membobin dangi ba su da glandon na musamman. Duk da wannan, cizon maciji suna da matukar raɗaɗi, kuma suna kare kanta, tana iya haifar da mummunan rauni. Kari akan haka, rashin lalacewar raunuka bazai zama mai gamsarwa ba, tunda yanayin mazaunin ɗan mulkin gari.
A karkashin yanayin al'ada, da alama macijin ba zai iya kaiwa hari ba tun da farko, tunda ba ta cikin masu tsaurin ra'ayi ba. Koyaya, kare kansa ko zuriyarsa na iya kaiwa hari koda mafi girman abokin gaba.
Hakanan, wannan nau'in maciji yana da sauƙin hora. Saboda wannan, wannan shine ɗayan mafi yawan macizai da aka kama. Amma, ga waɗannan manyan halittun, ana buƙatar terrarium wanda ya dace.
Don ba mazaunin rukuni, kuna buƙatar rarrabawa maza, saboda suna maimaitawa da ƙarfi ga wakilin jinsi. Mata suna da kyau a kiyaye su da yawa a cikin guda terrarium.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin maciji ya hada da jijiyoyi, tsuntsayen, masu-zaki. Bugu da kari, yana da kyau a faɗi cewa mafi ƙarancin ma'aikacin ƙasa, mafi girman ganima. Don farauta mai inganci, ana buƙatar dako, daga abin da maƙiyin zai kawo hari. Yana kama ganima da haƙoran haƙora, sannan kuma ya sha wahala tare da taimakon jikinsa.
Matsakaicin wanda aka azabtar zai yi tsawon kwana bakwai, ko ma fiye da haka, har sai an narke shi gaba ɗaya. Hakanan ya cancanci ƙara jinkirin metabolism.
Rayuwa
Wadannan almara suna haifar da rayuwa ta sirri. A cikin watanni na zafi, suna aiki da dare da maraice, a cikin hunturu - a lokacin rana. Suna hibernate (kusan watanni 3) a cikin kogo ko ɓoyewa. Mai ɗaukar hoto mai ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda yana motsawa a hankali, tare da "waƙa," da wuya hawa bishiyoyi da bushes. Lokacin da maƙiyin ya kawo hari, baranya kan ɓoye kansa cikin ƙwallo, ya rufe kansa kuma zai saki abu mai ƙamshi daga glandon ductal.
Kiwo
Lokacin kakar / kiwo na wannan nau'in ya faɗi a kan Mayu-Yuli. Mata California viviparous, 'Ya'yansu sau ɗaya ne a cikin shekaru biyu. Ba'a lura da yanayin ƙasa da gwagwarmayar mace ga maza ba. Yayin saduwa, namiji yana jin jikin mace da harshensa, haka kuma na mace. Namiji sannu a hankali rarrafe tare da shi, tickles ta tare da "fika" - rudiments na Hind wata gabar jiki. Ci gaban amfrayo yana faruwa a cikin jikin mace kuma zai ɗauki kwanaki 103-143. Mace tana haihuwar 3an 3 - 3 (a kan matsakaita 6.5) tsawon tsawon 18-36. Matakan matasa sun zama masu 'yanci kai tsaye bayan haihuwa, kuma macen ba ta shiga cikin makomarsu. Molt na farko yana faruwa a cikin su a ranar 7-10th. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, samari yanada girma sau biyu. Maza sun zama balaga ta hanyar jima'i na tsawon 43-58 cm, mace - a tsawon 60 cm, wannan yakan faru tsawon shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa.
Boa constrictor - bayanin, tsari, halaye, hoto
Daga cikin boas akwai ƙwararrun ƙattai, alal misali anaconda vulgaris (lat. Eunectes murinus), wanda ya kai tsawon sama da mita 10.
Anaconda vulgaris (lat. Eunectes murinus). Hoto daga: Dave Lonsdale
Boaralan boas sune boas earthen, suna girma cikin girman daga 30 zuwa 60 cm.
Maƙarƙashiyar ɗan Cuban (lat.Tropidophis melanurus). Hoto daga: Thomas Brown
Coloraunar launuka na boas suna kama da launuka masu rinjaye a cikin mazauninsu. Zai iya kasancewa cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa waɗanda suke rayuwa a duniya, ko haske, wani lokaci suna bambanta launuka a cikin mutane da ke zaune akan bishiyoyi ko kuma a cikin gandun daji. Wasu boas suna da ratsi a jiki, harma da babba ko ƙarami kaɗan na zagaye, siffar oblong ko rhomboid da launuka iri-iri, yayin aibobi na iya zama tare ko ba tare da idanu ba.
A cikin wasu nau'in, ana iya jefa fata tare da kayan ƙarfe na launuka na bakan gizo (alal misali, a cikin bakan gizo). Boas na duniya yana da ikon canza launi, samun launi mafi sauƙi ko duhu. A dare, aibobi masu haske da ratsi suna bayyana a jikinsu, wanda ke haifar da tasirin phosphorescent.
Siffar halayyar boas, ban da kanta da ke kwance da rashin isassun hannu, tsohuwar jiki ce, tana da sashin zagaye. Jikin sand na boas yana da sikirin sililin, yana da dima sosai kuma yana haɗuwa sosai.
Babu kunkuntar a cikin yankin yashi na boas, wutsiyar ya lafazi kuma gajarta.
Kwanyar kwankwakiya mai gina gidan sarauta tana da tsari na musamman, yana ba shi damar hadiye manyan abubuwan farauta. Wannan an samu shi ne sakamakon motsin motsi na kasusuwa na gaba, da kuma yadda ake magana da sassan sassan kasusuwa da juna. Haƙoran haƙora na haƙoran haƙora ba kawai a kan jaws ba, har ma a kan ƙasusuwa wanda ƙirar bakin ta ƙunshi (palatine, pterygoid da intermaxillary). Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa boas yana buƙatar hakora kada suyi ganima, amma don riƙe shi ko tura shi zurfi cikin esophagus. A saman kai an keratinized scires na girman girman, harhada su a wani tsari. Ba kamar Pythons ba, kasusuwa na boas basa nan.
Ba kamar sauran boas ba, a cikin Mascarene boas an rage kashin maxillary zuwa kashi 2 wanda ke da motsi cikin motsi: gaba da baya.
Tsarin ɗan gajeren kuma mai walƙiya na yashin boas yana da ban sha'awa. Jaja wanda aka zazzage ta, wanda yake aiki azaman kayan tono, an kara fadada shi sosai, don haka buɗe bakin yana can ƙasa.
Babban intermaxillary scutellum yana shiga cikin sashin kai, yana ɗaukar ɗaukar kaya yayin motsi na ɓarna a cikin ƙasa. Hakoran hakora na gaban da ƙananan ƙananan yashi yashi ya ɗan fi tsawo fiye da na baya.
Ba kamar sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe ba, wadanda ba su da gaba gaba daya da bangarorin gabbai, abubuwan alfahari a wannan yanayin sun kiyaye kasusuwa na pelvic. Bugu da kari, sun bar ragowar goshin baya, wadanda suka fito kamar abin cudanya da aka haɗa a ɓangarorin biyu na dubura.
Gaskiya ne, akwai togiya: misali, ga Mascarene boas, waɗannan rudiments ba gaba ɗaya ba ne.
An haɗa hakororin saƙar a cikin tsargin ɗan'uka ɗaya. Hoto ta: Stefan3345
Ya danganta da girman maƙarƙashiya, adadin vertebrae waɗanda ke yin tasirin layin vertebral na iya kasancewa daga 141 zuwa 435. Halin halayyar fasalin tsarin ƙasusuwan macizai shine rashin sternum, wanda ke sa haƙarƙarinsa ya zama na hannu.
Dukkanin gabobin ciki wadannan abubuwan halittu masu rarrafe suna da sifar da aka canza sosai, saboda tsarin gaba daya na jikin mutum. An haɗa gabobin da suke haɗuwa cikin asymmetrically, kuma za'a iya haɓaka su ba da izini ba. Don haka, alal misali, huhun dama yana da girma babba da girma fiye da hagu. A cikin mayuka mahaifa (lat. Tropidophiidae), wani hancin hagu na hagu ba ya nan - ya juye ya zama huhu (tracheal) kuma an samar da shi ta hanyar daga baya na kashin baya.
Tsarin juyayi na boas ya ƙunshi karamin kwakwalwa da ingantacciyar igiyar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke ƙayyade babban daidaito da saurin halayen tsoka.
A cikin kewayen da ke kewaye, boas yana jagora ta hanyar jin ƙanshi da taɓawa.
Kari akan haka, mafi yawan bayanan ana kawo su ne ta hanyar masu karban zafin da suke dauke da su a gaban bututun, da kuma wani yare da ake yadawa, da yada bayanai zuwa kwakwalwa ta amfani da gabobin da aka haɗa, wadanda nau'ikan masu nazarin sunadarai ne.
Ganin boas bashi da kaifi sosai. Wannan musamman saboda gaskiyar cewa idanu tare da ɗalibai na tsaye koyaushe suna rufe da fim, wanda aka samo shi daga tsinken eyelids tare.
Idanun yashi yan kanana ne da dan jujjuya sama - wannan tsarin ya dace da hakan, koda burrow yake cikin kasa, Bil din zai iya bincika duk abinda ya faru a saman ba tare da yauda kansa ba.
Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da budewa na waje, kuma kunne na tsakiya na ci gaba, dukkan macizai ba sa bambance sautukan da suke yaɗawa a cikin iska.
Jikin boas daga bangarorin kuma daga sama an lullube shi da sikelin-zagaye, dan kadan ya mamaye junan su. Irin waɗannan faranti suna cikin layuka mai tsayi ko na diagonal. Tsakanin tsakanin sikirin layin tsinkaye akwai wuraren fata da aka tattara a kananan fayel, da barin mai haɗaɗɗiyar ya shimfiɗa sosai. Takardun dake jikin mahaifan halittu masu rarrafe suna da sifar da take jujjuya suma kuma hade take da facin fata.
Yayin da suke girma, tsararraki na sama da na sama ya keɓantattu. Hanyar yin zina yana faruwa, tare da canjin fata na farko wanda ke faruwa kwanaki bayan haihuwar macijin. A cikin isharar lafiya, yawan canje-canje na murfin bai wuce sau 4 a shekara ba.
An ɗauka daga shafin: www.reptarium.cz
Ina boas yake zaune?
Boas suna zaune ne a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, a Cuba, a yamma da kudu maso yamma na Arewacin Amurka, a arewacin Afirka, a kudu da tsakiyar Asiya, a tsibiran tsibiran Malay, a Madagascar, Jamaica, Haiti, tsibirin Trinidad, a New Guinea. Wasu nau'ikan (macizai na roba da boas na California) suna zaune a jihohin yammacin Amurka, da kuma a kudu maso yammacin Kanada.
Sand boas, ko boas, suna yaduwa a Tsakiya da Kudancin Asia, haka kuma a Gabas da Arewacin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da kuma kasashen Asiya (Iran, Afghanistan, Yammacin China, Indiya, da Pakistan). Yawancin nau'ikan suna zaune a Rasha (Dagestan, Tsakiya da Gabas Transcaucasia) da ƙasashen CIS (Kazakhstan, Mongolia).
Duniya boas zauna Mexico, ta Kudu da Tsakiya ta Amurka, ana samun su a cikin Bahamas da Antilles.
Madagascar boas suna zaune a tsibiran Madagascar da kuma Taro.
Daban-daban jinsunan boas suna zaune a wurare daban-daban: wasu nau'ikan sun fi son bushewa ko gumi, inda suke zama a cikin rassan bishiyoyi ko ciyawa, wasu suna rayuwa cikin tsafe-tsafe ko ciyawar ciyayi, har ila wasu sun zaɓi shimfidar wurare maras kyau, rafuffuka na huɗu ko raɓar ruwa, koma baya mai zurfi, hannayen riga da tabkuna, gami da fadama kanana. Wasu nau'in boas ana samunsu kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Ana iya samun macijin a kan tsire-tsire da kuma cikin gidaje da aka yi watsi dasu. Af, akwai kusan kusan ɗiyan dangi, misali, talakawa mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda mazauna ke ajiyewa a cikin gidaje ko sito don wannan macijin ya kama bera da bera.
Ta wata hanyar, wata hanya, yashin boas yana da salon rayuwa mai narkewa: suna zaune a cikin kwari, hamada da jeji, ana samun su ba kawai a cikin yashi ba, har ma a cikin yumɓu har ma da matattarar ƙasa, cikin hikima suna yin hanyarsu cikin ɓataccen kunkuntar fashe a cikin ƙasa ko a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, an binne su a cikin yashi da kuma shara, briskly rarrafe a cikin irin wannan tsari.
Me dan boto yake ci?
Abincin boas yana da bambanci sosai. Ya haɗa da ba ƙaramin dabbobi ko matsakaici ba, tsuntsaye da amphibians, har ma da wakilan manyan dabbobi na duniyar dabbobi (antelopes, crocodiles). Boan ƙaramin boas suna ciyar da kifaye, dame, beraye, kwaro, leɓu, ruwa da sauran tsuntsayen su (ducks, pigeons, parrots da sparrows). Hakanan, abincin macizai sune agouti, fakitoci, masu yin burodi. Boas boas, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, kama jemagu. Manyan boas, alal misali, anacondas, na iya kwantar da hankulan capybaras, ƙananan karnuka (caimans), da manyan kunkuru. Hakanan, ma'aikacin bogi zai iya kai hari ga wata dabbar da ta kusanci rami mai sha: kare, alade, kaji ko dikam.
Boas ya bugi wanda aka azabtar, boas ya kewaye shi da zoben sa. Koyaya, basu taɓa karya ƙasusuwan waɗanda abin ya shafa ba, don kar su cutar da tsarin narkewar abincirsu.
Abincin sand na boas ya hada da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi (hamsters, jerboas, gerbils da mice), ƙananan tsuntsaye (sparrows, wagtails), har ma da masu iya magana (geckos, agamas, roundheads, da lizards). Matasa suna ciyar da fari Yayin farauta, macizai zasu iya shiga cikin saukad da ɓarnar bera. Sand na yashi suna riƙe da hakora tare da haƙoransu kuma ana iya kashe su cikin sauƙi, suna rufe zobba sau biyu na jikinsu na tsoka a kusa da wanda aka azabtar.
Masana ilimin kimiyya waɗanda ke nazarin macizai kuma sun rayu a Amazon na dogon lokaci suna da'awar cewa wata babbar jamila zata iya haɗi da ganima wanda ya yi kauri fiye da jikinta idan ganima bata wuce kilogiram 60 (aladu na daji, ƙaramin daji da dabba). Matasa wadanda abin ya shafa na manyan dabbobi na iya zama masu cutar da su.
Ba kamar sauran macizai ba, waɗannan masu rarrafe sun sami damar farauta cikin duhu. Suna da masu karɓa na musamman da ke tsakanin hanci da idanu, waɗanda ke kula da zafi. Wannan yana bawa boas damar lura da wanda yake gabatowa daga nesa daga zafin da yake fitowa daga jikinta.
Boas ku ci kaɗan. Bayan sun sami babban yanki, zasu iya zama ba tare da abinci ba daga makonni da yawa zuwa watanni da yawa.
Ta yaya boas ke kashe ganima?
Duk da ra'ayin da ake yadawa cewa koyad ya zama wanda aka cuta, wannan imani ba gaskiya bane. Da farko, masana kimiyya sun nuna shakku game da gaskiyar cewa mawuyacin halin mutum yana buƙatar aƙalla fewan mintuna, kuma waɗanda ke ɗauke da boas suka mutu cikin kusan aƙiƙa 60. A tsakiyar shekarun 90s, likitocin Amurkawa a karshe sun gano kuma sun tabbatar da cewa wadanda ke fama da boas basa mutuwa kwata-kwata daga rashin isashshen oxygen, amma daga kamewar jini, wanda a zahiri yake haifar da kama zuciya.
Don gudanar da nazarin gwaji, an yi amfani da beraye, an sanya catheters a cikin jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyinsu waɗanda za su auna hauhawar jini da jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ba da ikon bugun zuciya. An ba da berayen da aka shirya ta wannan hanyar don kashe su, amma bayan maciji ya matso da ƙarar, sai aka zaɓi wanda aka kashe kuma an gudanar da bincike sosai.Dangane da sakamakon gwajin, likitocin dabbobi sun gano cewa a lokacin da macijin ya mutu a cikin jijiyoyin jini, saukar karfin jini yayi yawa kuma matsanancin karfi shima ya tashi da sauri, wanda ke haifar da tsawan jini nan take. Rashin jure fama da matsewar jini a karkashin matsanancin matsin lamba, zuciyar berayen sun fara aiki ba tare da wani lokaci ba kuma sakamakon hakan ya tsaya.
Iri boas, hotuna da sunaye
A baya can, ire-iren jinsunan boas suna daga cikin waɗannan iyalai masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin macijin:
- Mascarene boas, ko Boleriids (lat. Bolyeriidae),
- Duniya alfarma (lat.Tropidophiidae),
- Searya, ko maɓallin maɓarnata (lat. Boidae).
Zuwa yau, an canza tsarin, kuma, bisa ga tsarin yanar gizo na www.itis.gov, nau'ikan boas suna cikin iyalai masu zuwa:
- Boidae (Grey, 1825)
- Bolyeriidae (Hoffstetter, 1946)
- Calabariidae (Grey, 1858)
- Candoiidae (Pyron, Reynolds and Burbrink, 2014)
- Charinidae (Grey, 1849)
- Erycidae (Bonaparte, 1831)
- Sanziniidae (Romer, 1956)
- Tropidophiidae (Brongersma, 1951)
Yawancin nau'ikan suna da wuya kuma masu haɗari. Bayani mai zuwa shine bayanin wasu nau'ikan boas.
- Madagaskar boaAcrantophis madagascariensis)
Yana zaune a cikin yanki mai katako a arewacin tsibirin Madagascar. Tsawon karan ya kai mita 2-3. Kashi na sama na jikin maciji an kawata shi da wani irin tsari wanda ya zana siffofin lu'u-lu'u, kuma fata a garesu suna da hadaddun tsarin abubuwan gani ido. An yi ciki da wannan tabarau mai launuka mai launin toka-zaitun mai duhu mai duhu. Dukkanin jikin yana da alamar launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-kore.
- Madagaskar BoaSanzinia madagascariensis, synonym Boa manditra)
Misalin hali ne na Madagascar. Macizai na tsofaffi na wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa tsawon 2.13 m, kodayake yawancinsu suna da tsawon mil 1.2-1.5 kawai, kuma mata sun fi maza girma. Launi da girman itacen boas sun dogara da mazaunin mazauni. A yammacin tsibirin, an samo manyan mutane waɗanda suke da launuka masu launin shuɗi, kuma a gabashin - kore mai launin toka ko launin kore mai tsabta. Duk da irin wuraren rarraba su, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun gwammace su zauna kusa da gawarwakin ruwa. Mafi yawan aiki a cikin duhun dare da sa'o'in dare. Kusan a koyaushe, boas na itace suna cinyewa a cikin kambi mai yawa na bishiyoyi ko maɗaukaki na bushes kusa da ruwa, kodayake suna iya farautar ƙasa, yawanci suna sauka daga bishiyoyi da dare.
- Ya zama gama gariBoa constrictor)
Yana zaune a cikin ƙasashen Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, da kuma a erarancin Antilles. An kawo shi jihar Florida, inda ya samu nasarar samo asali. Girman manya a zahiri sun sami 'yanci daga jinsi - na iya tsawan tsawan mita 5. Bowararrun talakawa yakai kilogiram 10 zuwa 15, kodayake nauyin wasu mutane ya wuce kilogiram 30. Fentin wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ana fentin su a cikin launuka daban-daban na launin ruwan kasa, kofi ko ja, wanda akan iya canza launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da rawaya mai duhu a ciki. An kawata bangarorin wani ɗan talakawa mai duhu tare da duhu, a ciki wanda, kamar a bayansa, ana iya ganin rawaya mai launin rawaya. Wadannan boas suna jagoranci rayuwar dare mai aiki, saboda haka suna farauta tuni cikin marece.
- Kandoya ya kama ko Keel-neck mai mulkin yankin Pacific, (Carinia carinata)
Ta kasance ta kasance ta gidan pseudopods ne, kuma tun daga 2014 an sanya ta zuwa wani gidan daban na Candoiidae. Akwai ƙungiyoyi biyu waɗanda ke da ɗan bambanta da juna kuma suna zaune a New Guinea da tsibiran da ke kusa da (Sulawesi, Mooluksky, Santa Cruz, Solomonov). Ba safai ba tsofaffi ke girma zuwa mita 1.5 a tsawon. Nauyin Bilkin ya bambanta daga 300 g zuwa 1.2 kg. Launuka na baya da tarnaƙi na kandoi sune zaitun-launin toka, launin shuɗi ko tabarau mai haske da launin ruwan kasa. Tare da bayan macijin wani yadi mai duhu sosai mai kama da sifar zigzag. Wannan nau'in boas yana rayuwa ne akan bishiyoyi, inda yakan yi farauta da maraice da kuma dare.
- Dog-kai shugaban kai shi ne bishiyar kore(Caninus na gari)
Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai laushi na Kudancin Amurka, tare da Amazon. Tsarin ya samo sunan ne saboda wasu kamanceceniya na waje wanda aka yiwa maƙarƙashiya tare da kare kare. Tsawon manya yawanci mita 2-3 ne. Rayuwar arboreal ta sa launin shuɗi mai haske na baya da kuma bangarorin wannan rarrabuwa. Rawaya mai launin rawaya na ciki, har da fararen launuka masu haɗuwa cikin bakin ciki suna wucewa ta baya kuma suna samar da kyakkyawan tsarin lu'ulu'u mai haske, suna zama kyakkyawan kamara a cikin kambin ciyayi. Sabbin jarirai da matasa mutane ana fentin surar launin shuɗi-lemo (murjani). Teethan hakoran gaban maƙarƙashiya mai riƙe da abincin ganga suna iya kaiwa tsawon 38 mm. Da rana, kare mai kare kansa ya huta, kuma yayi ta zuwa gida don farauta da yamma.
- AlkawariKarawancinusus)
Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai laima na kudancin Colombia da Venezuela. Akwai jama'a a arewa da yamma na Brazil da Ekwado. Bugu da kari, mazaunin ya hada da Trinidad da Tobago, Suriname, Bolivia da sauran kasashen Kudancin Amurka. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaitan datti ya tashi daga mita 1.5 zuwa 1.8, kodayake wasu samfurori na iya kaiwa tsawan mita 2.5. Ana iya bambanta launi na boas na lambu: daga rawaya, ruwan lemo da ja zuwa haske launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko ma baki. A baya akwai aibobi masu banbanci masu launuka masu ban mamaki, wanda a garesu ake maye gurbinsu da lu'u-lu'u mai kaifi. Da rana, Boma yakan huta a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi ko kurar tsuntsaye, kuma yana farauta da dare. A lokuta da dama, yakan gangara ƙasa.
- Santana Boa (Epicrates cenchria)
Hakanan yana da suna aboma. Jinsunan suna zaune cikin dazuzzuka masu daɗin Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Kuna iya saduwa da wannan kyawawan dabbobi masu rarrafe a Argentina, Brazil, Peru da sauran ƙasashe na Kudancin Amurka. Manya sun kai tsawon mita 1.5-2. Babban launi na jikin bakan gizo yana dogara ne akan sabbin abubuwa kuma yana iya zama launin ruwan kasa, ja ko ruwan lemo. A wasu ƙananan fannoni, jikin yana da launi mai ɗorewa ba tare da aibobi ba, yayin da a cikin sauran hanyoyin, jikin yana da duhu ko fitila mai haske ko fararen bakin bakin fari. Dukkanin sikeli na mai ɗaukar hoto yana da inuwa mai ƙarfe. Duk da cewa wannan maƙerin yana da ikon yin iyo sosai, ya jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa ta ƙasa.
- Buga-da-rawaya mai haske-lipped mai ɗaukar hoto (Chilabothrussubflavus, syn. Epicrates subflavus)
Yana da wani mai saukin kamshi nau'in halitta wanda ke zaune a Jamaica. A cikin Turanci, sunan wannan macijin yana kama da "Jamaican boa constrictor." Mace sun ɗan fi girma fiye da maza kuma sun girma zuwa mita 2 ko fiye. Bangaren jikin macijin yana da launi mai launin shuɗi mai duhu, wanda ya haɓaka da girman kusanci da wutsiyar kuma ya haɗu cikin launi ɗaya akan wutsiyar, yana haifar da launin launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa mai launin shuɗi kaɗan. Gashinan maƙarƙashiya ɗan fari ne, an yi masa kai a sautunan launin shuɗi. Idanun maciji masu launin rawaya, kuma raunin halayyar ana samun su ne a bayan idanun. Venian wasan suna da ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi-ruwan shuɗi tare da raɗaɗin mara nauyi a jiki. Boan gargajiyar Jamaica sun zauna da rairayin bakin teku masu dazuzzukan tudu, suna rayuwa bisa ƙa'idodin ƙasa kuma sun fi aiki da dare. Yawancin lokaci baƙar fata da rawaya boas masu cin nama akan jemagu, beraye da kuma tsuntsaye iri iri suma suna shiga abincin.
- Dominican sanannaChilabothrushanani, syn. Epicrates fordini)
An rarraba shi a tsibiran Tahiti da Gonav. Wakilan wannan nau'in ba sa'a kuma ƙarama a cikin girma, sun kai tsawon santimita 85-90, yayin da mata suka fi maza yawa. Jikin mutane ya zama siriri, fentin launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa, saboda haka wannan macijin yana da suna "marasa kyau". A saman fata duka akwai bakin duhu wadanda suke da tsari daban. A karkashin haskoki na rana, sikeli ya cika da launi iri iri. Boas Dominican ke jagorantar rayuwar ƙasa mai ɓoyewa, farauta da dare.
- Giant Anaconda (Fitsarin murinus)
Ana ɗaukarsa shine mafi girma mai rarrabuwa a cikin gidan ɗan maƙeran gado. Maƙaddar mai ruwa, kamar yadda aka kira shi a baya, na halittar anaconda ne. Akwai mutane daban-daban wadanda tsawonsu ya wuce mita 5. Wasu kafofin ma suna nuna matsakaicin tsawon mita 11. Yawan nauyin anaconda na iya wuce kilogiram 100 (alal misali, National Geographic yana nuna matsakaicin nauyin kilo 227). Tare da duk ƙarshen macijin, wanda aka zana a cikin duhu mai duhu, akwai layuka guda biyu na launuka masu launin shuɗi. Abubuwan da aka shimfiɗa a bangarorin suna da launin rawaya a launi kuma an gyara su da iyaka mai duhu. An yi ciki ciki launin ruwan hoda da kuma tabo cikin baki. An samo giant anaconda a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, inda take zaune a cikin koguna da fadama, ciki har da Amazon. Yana kama farauta dare da rana.
- SandEryx miliaris)
A baya can mallakar gidan pseudopods, kuma yanzu an ɗauke ta a cikin wani daban Erycidae iyali. An daidaita macijin daidai da tsarin rayuwa. Jami'in siyasa mai zaman kansa yana zaune a cikin yankuna na hamada na Asiya ta Tsakiya kuma ana samunsa a cikin yankuna na gabashin na Ciscaucasia. Maciji da jikinsa ya kai tsawon 40-80 cm an fentin cikin launuka masu launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi tare da launuka masu haske suna tsayawa kan gaba ɗaya. Shugaban mayafin yashi yana da sikirin da bai daidaita ba, idanun kuma suna kama kusan tsaye. Ayyukan mai rarrafe ya dogara da lokacin shekara: a cikin bazara da damina dabba tana aiki da rana, amma a lokacin rani ya fi son farauta da daddare. Abincin mai ƙusoshin yashi ƙananan tsuntsaye ne, masu haɗari, da ƙira a ciki, a cikin burukan da suke cikin nutsuwa.
- Masasuna boas
Wani dangi wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa 2 (asalin Bolerii da kuma taran Arboreal Mascarean boas), waɗanda wakilansu ke da matuƙar daraja ga karamin tsibirin Round, wanda yake arewa maso yamma na Mauritius. Wanzuwar nau'in farko, kawai wakilin abin da yake Multi-ƙarfi bolieria (Bolyeriamultocarinata), yau ana tambayarsa - wataƙila, wannan macijin ya ɓace saboda canje-canje a yanayin rayuwa. Arboreal Mascarean boa (Schlegel's Mascara Boa) (Casarea dussumieri) - Macijin da ba kasafai yake faruwa ba wanda ke cikin hatsarin halaka, don haka ana yin shirye-shirye na musamman a tsibirin don dawo da yawan jama .a. Tsawan tsayi ya zama mita 1-1.5, tsakanin kai da jiki kwarin gwiwar an bayyane a sarari, wutsiyar maciji tana da tsawo, tare da kaifin baki. Launi mai launin kore-zaitun ne, tare da babban launi sune madaidaiciyar layi mai duhu na sautin duhu. A kan shugaban dabbobi masu rarrafe kuwa fasali mai kama da launi.
An ɗauka daga shafin yanar gizon: sustainablepulse.com
Rayuwar rayuwa rai
Yawan rayuwa na dattijo ya dogara da nau'ikansa da yanayin rayuwarsa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, za a iya samun ingantattun bayanai game da tsawon rayuwar macizai dangane da samfuran da aka yi garkuwa da su, saboda kusan ba shi yiwuwa a riƙa sa ido a kan boas a cikin yanayin halittarsu. Wasu nau'in, alal misali, talaka ɗan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho, yana rayuwa cikin bauta fiye da shekaru 10 kuma zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 23-28. Anacondas yana rayuwa cikin daji tsawon shekaru 5-6, amma anaconda ya daɗe yana zaune a Zoo na Washington: shekarun sa sun kasance 28. Sandy boas a zaman talala rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. A yau, wanda ke riƙe da bayanai game da abin da ake tsammani na rayuwa a tsakanin boas shine dabbobi na Philadelphia Zoo: a cikin 1977, ɗan barandar Paparoma ya mutu yana da shekara 40 da watanni uku. A cewar masana ilimin dabbobi, boas suna rayuwa cikin fursunoni fiye da takwarorinsu a cikin daji, saboda a karkashin yanayin yanayi wadannan macizai suna da abokan gaba da yawa, kuma a cikin yankuna na musamman ko wuraren kiwon dabbobi, ana ba da dabbobi masu rarrabawa tare da ciyar da lokaci, yanayi mai dacewa, aminci da kula da dabbobi.
Abokan gaba na makiyaya na boas a cikin daji
Kodayake sunan "karan maƙarƙashiya" yana ɗaukar nauyi, amma waɗannan manyan macizai sunada haɗama. Ga manyan mutane, kawai manyan tsuntsayen ganima, ciyawa, aladu ko jaguars suna haifar da babbar barazana. Ana cin kananan boas tare da nishaɗi ta shinge, sa ido na kare, coyotes, dawakai, kyankyasai, kuli, dodo.
Wasu masu ƙaunar gidajen dabbobi masu ban sha'awa suna da boas a cikin gidaje da gidaje masu zaman kansu. Sharuɗɗan kiyaye mai ɗaukar marassa nauyi a cikin farfajiyar gida ya dogara da nau'in maciji da salon rayuwarsa. Don jinsin bishiya, ana buƙatar filayen tsaye tare da manyan bango, kuma don boas a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, ba a buƙatar kwantena mai zurfi. Girman terrarium ya dace da girman dabbar, don haka yayin da yake girma, tsohuwar mazaunin za ta buƙaci maye gurbin ta da mafi fili.
Boas dabbobi ne masu sanyin sanyi, saboda haka muhimmin yanayi shine bin tsarin zazzabi da kuma yanayin zafi mafi kyau. Don wannan, terrarium ya kamata a sanye shi da tsarin dumama ta atomatik tare da firikwensin, wanda ya ba da damar kiyaye yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata, da hygrometer don sarrafa zafi. Yawancin boas a cikin yanayi na rayuwa suna zaune a cikin gandun daji m, don haka ya kamata a kiyaye matakin danshi a cikin kewayon 75-80%. Yana da kyawawa don kula da zazzabi daban a cikin terrarium ta yadda a ƙarshen ɗaya bai wuce 30-32 ° C ba, kuma a ɗayan ɗayan bai wuce 21 ° C ba. Wannan zai bawa dabbar damar aiwatar da sinadarin jiki.
Shouldasan gidan don boas ya kamata a rufe shi da magudanar ruwa, wanda aka rufe shi da ƙasa wanda ke riƙe da danshi da kyau (alal misali, abin da ake amfani da shi don samar da orchids ya dace).
A cikin terrarium, yana da kyawawa don sanya rassa da daskararren itace a kan wane nau'in bishiyoyi za su ciyar da lokacin su, kuma don nau'in ƙasa kuma za su kasance ɓangaren kayan ado. Af, yana da kyau a sake shirya wadannan abubuwa lokaci-lokaci daga wuri zuwa wuri ko maye gurbinsu da sababbi.
Kari akan haka, maigidan na bukatar wani wuri wanda zai iya ɓoye wa idanunsa ƙyallen ido. Don wannan, kwantena na musamman da aka saya a kantin dabbobi ko manyan tukwane na fure sun dace. Ana buƙatar wanke mafaka a kowane mako. Za'a haɗu da wannan tsari tare da tsabtace gabaɗaya daga samfuran mahimman dabbobi. Ya kamata a tuna cewa terrarium ya kamata a sanye shi da murfi mai dacewa, wanda a cikin ƙananan ramuka aka haɗiye don ɗaukar iska. Idan ka bar murfin a buɗe, gidanka mai gidanka na iya tserewa.
Yadda zaka ciyar da mai ɗaukar hoto a gida?
Ciyar da irin waɗannan dabbobi ba mafi yawan wahala ba ne. Ko da kuwa jinsin halittar, duk boas suna farin ciki da cin dabbobin da tsuntsayen keɓaɓɓu. Ga matasa, borna man jarirai sun dace da abinci, ga manya, manyan talakawa. Yawan ciyarwa ya dogara da shekaru da jinsi na boas. Yarinya girma da mata masu juna biyu ana ciyar da su sau da yawa - sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 4-5, manya sun kamata su sami abinci kowane mako 2.
Kusan dukkan nau'ikan boas suna cikin gida, yau da kullun suna buƙatar ruwan sha. Sabili da haka, a cikin kwandon warmer na terrarium, kuna buƙatar sanya babban tanki mai yawa tare da ruwa. Zai zama da wahala a juya irin wannan kwanon sha, banda shi zai iya zama ƙarin tushen danshi.