Stickman - halittar ban mamaki mai ban sha'awa ga masana halitta. Kimanin nau'ikan 2500 na wadannan kwari suna rikodin fatalwa. Saboda bayyanar su, an san su da masters na kamannin (mimicry). Bishiyoyi cikin hikima suna kwaikwayon sassa daban daban na ciyayi: mai tushe mai kauri, ingantacciyar tsiya, busassun rassan. Wannan sabon abu ana kiransa phytomimicry, wanda a cikin Hellenanci yana nufin phyton - mai shuka, da kuma mimikos - kwaikwayo. Matan wasu nau'o'in dabbobi sun samo asali ta hanyar parthenogenesis, wanda ke nufin cewa 'ya' yan sun fito ne daga kwanansu.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Fitowar fatalwa (Phasmatodea) yana da wahala, kuma dangantakar dake tsakanin mambobinta ba ta da kyau. Kari akan haka, akwai rashin fahimta da yawa game da sunan membobin wannan rukunin. Sabili da haka, takaddun sandar sandunansu yana ƙarƙashin canje-canje akai-akai kuma wani lokacin yana da sabani sosai. Wannan wani bangare saboda gaskiyar cewa ana samun sabon nau'in halittu. A matsakaici, daga ƙarshen karni na 20, yawancin doxa da yawa suna fitowa kowace shekara. Ana yawan nazarin sakamakon.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin wata takarda da Oliver Zompro ya buga a 2004, an cire Timematodea daga ƙungiyar kuma an sanya shi cikin tarkace (Plecoptera) da embia (Embioptera). A shekarar 2008 kawai, an gudanar da wasu manyan ayyuka guda biyu, wanda baya ga kirkirar sabon taxa zuwa matakin maimaituwa, wanda kuma ya haifar da sake fasalta yawancin taxa zuwa matakin iyali.

Yawancin sandunan burbushin halittun an gano su ne a cikin Triassic a Australia. Ana kuma samun dangin farko a Baltic, Dominican da amber Mexico (daga Eocene zuwa Miocene). A mafi yawancin lokuta, waɗannan larvae ne. Daga burbushin dangin Archipseudophasma tidae, alal misali, jinsunan Archipseudophasma phoenix, Sucinophasma blattodeophila da Pseudoperla na gracilipes daga Baltic amber an bayyana su.

A halin yanzu, dangane da asalin, ana daukar yawancin nau'ikan daya da nau'in nau'in halittun da aka ambata ko, kamar yadda ake sanya layin Balticophasma a cikin jinsin nasu. Baya ga wannan, burbushin ya kuma nuna cewa da zarar fatalwowi sun sami yankin da ya fi yawa. Don haka, a cikin aiki na Messel (Jamus), an gano alamar zane mai ganye, wanda ake kira Eophyllium messelensis, wanda ke da shekaru miliyan 47.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Yaya sanda take?

Tsawon sanda ya bambanta daga 1.5 cm zuwa fiye da 30 cm a tsawon. Mafi nau'in nau'in mawuyacin hali shine Heteropteryx dilatata, mace wadda zata iya nauyin nauyin 65. Wasu fatalwa, suna da sifofi-kamar sikelin, yayin da wasu kuma suke da shimfidar furen ganye. Yawancin jinsuna basu da fikafikai ko kuma tare da rage fikafikan. Kwakwalwar fikafikan kishiyoyi sun fi guntu sama da na siffofin fuka-fuki. A cikin nau'ikan fuka-fukai, na farko da fikafikan fuka-fukai ne kunkuntar da keratinized, kuma fikafikan hular suna da fadi, suna da madawwamiyar jijiyoyi a tsawon kuma jijiyoyi da yawa.

Ina gidan sandar yake zama?

Hoto: sandar kwari

Za'a iya samun gidan katako a cikin ɗumamar yanayi a duniya, ban da Antarctica da Patagonia. Suna da yawa a cikin tsaurara da ƙananan kwari. Mafi girman nau'in nau'in halitta ana samun su a kudu maso gabas Asia da Kudancin Amurka, sannan a Australia, Amurka ta Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Amurka. Fiye da nau'ikan 300 suna zaune a tsibirin Borneo, wanda ya sa ya zama wuri mafi arziki a duniya don labarun tsoro (Phasmatodea).

Akwai kusan nau'ikan 1,500 sanannu a yankin gabashin, kuma ana samun nau'ikan 1,000 a cikin yankuna neotropical kuma fiye da nau'ikan 440 a Ostiraliya. A sauran ragowar, adadin jinsuna a Madagascar da ko'ina cikin Afirka, da kuma daga Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Palearctic, yana raguwa. Akwai 'yan indan asalin' yan asalin cikin Bahar Rum da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: ofaya daga cikin nau'in kwari na kwari da ke zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kwari mafi girma a duniya. Mace ta halittar Phobaeticus sune kwari mafi dadewa a duniya, tsayin daka wanda ya kai 56.7 cm a yanayin Phobaeticus chani, gami da kafafu masu tsawo.

A cikin wuraren zama tare da ciyawar ciyawa, mafi yawan nau'ikan ana lura da su. Manyan sune gandun daji, kuma musamman nau'ikan gandun daji. A cikin yankuna masu ƙyalƙyali, adadin nau'in ya ragu, da kuma a cikin manyan tsaunuka, sabili da haka yankuna masu sanyi. Wakilan halittar Monticomorpha na da mafi girman kewa kuma har yanzu suna kan tsawan tsawan mita 5000 kusa da layin dusar kan dutsen Cotopaxi na Ecuadori.

Yanzu kun san inda sandar take zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.

Me sanda ke ci?

Hoto: Stickman a yanayi

Duk fatalwa sune phytophages, wato, herbivores. Wasu daga cikinsu monophages masu ƙwarewa ne ga wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire ko gungun tsire-tsire, alal misali, Oreophoetes Peruana yana cin abinci na musamman. Sauran nau'ikan sune masu ci da ba kwararrun masu cin abinci ba kuma ana dauke su herbivores iri ne. Don cin abinci, yawanci suna tafiya da wuya ne kawai a cikin kayan abinci. Yayin rana, suna wanzuwa wuri guda kuma suna ɓoye a kan tsire-tsire na abinci ko a ƙasa a cikin ganye, kuma tare da farkon duhu sun fara nuna aiki.

Masu cinikin itace suna cin ganyen bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, suna manne su da jajayen tsayayye. Suna ciyar da dare don guje wa manyan maƙiyan. Amma har ma da ci gaba da duhu baya bada garantin kwari cikakke, saboda haka, fatalwa suna yin aiki sosai, suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar ƙarancin amo. Yawancin jinsuna suna cin abinci shi kaɗai, amma wasu nau'ikan tsauraran Australia suna motsawa cikin babban garke kuma suna iya lalata duk ganye a hanyar su.

Tun da mambobi na tsari sune phytophages, wasu nau'in na iya bayyana azaman kwari a kan amfanin gona. Don haka, a cikin lambunan Botanical na Tsakiyar Turai, ana samun kwari a wasu lokuta waɗanda ke gudanarwa don tserewa da tserewa, kamar kwari. An gano: sandunansu daga Indiya (Carausius morosus), daga Vietnam (Artemis), har da kwari Sipyloidea Sipylus, wanda ya haifar da lahani sosai, alal misali. B. a cikin Lambunan Botanical na Munich. Hadarin tserewa dabbobi, musamman ma yankuna masu zafi, ya yi yawa sosai, ragin wasu ƙabila ko gungun ƙungiyar kwari suna buƙatar bincike.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Red Book Stickman

Bugun kwari, kamar yadda ake yin addu'o'in hannu, suna nuna wasu canje-canje wanda kwari suke sawa, kumburi da motsawa daga gefe zuwa gefe. Babban fassarar wannan yanayin aikin shine inganta haɓakawa ta hanyar kwaikwayon ciyayi da ke motsawa cikin iska. Koyaya, waɗannan motsi na iya zama mafi mahimmanci saboda suna bawa kwari damar rarrabe abubuwa daga bango ta amfani da motsi na ɗan lokaci.

Wanƙwaran juzu'in waɗannan kwari masu rarrafewa na yau da kullun na iya maye gurbin tashi ko gudana a matsayin tushen motsin rai don taimaka musu bambanta tsakanin abubuwa a cikin kayan gaba. Wasu tsutsotsi masu kama da katako, kamar su Anisomorpha buprestoides, wasu lokuta suna kafa kungiyoyi da yawa. An lura da cewa wadannan kwari suna tarawa da rana a wani wuri a ɓoye, suna tafiya cikin dare don neman abinci, da dawowa mafakarsu kafin wayewar gari. Ba a karanci wannan halayen ba, kuma ba a san yadda kwari suka sami hanyar komawa ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin haɓaka ta cikin kwai ya kasance daga watanni uku zuwa goma sha biyu, ya danganta da nau'in, a lokuta na musamman, har zuwa shekaru uku. 'Ya'yan sun zama kwari a cikin watanni uku zuwa sha biyu. Musamman a cikin nau'ikan haske kuma sau da yawa sun bambanta da launi daga iyayensu. Yankuna ba tare da ko tare da ƙarancin launuka masu launuka suna nuna launuka masu haske na iyayensu daga baya, alal misali, a cikin Paramenexenus laetus ko Mearnsiana bullosa.

A cikin fatalwa, mace mai shekaru suna rayuwa fiye da maza, watau daga watanni uku zuwa shekara, kuma yawanci maza ne kawai watanni uku zuwa biyar. Wasu daga sandunansu suna rayuwa ne kusan wata daya. Shekaru mafi girma da aka yi rikodi, sama da shekaru biyar, wata mace ce da aka kama mai suna Haaniella scabra daga Sabah. Gabaɗaya, yawancin mambobi na dangin Hetropterygigae suna da matukar dorewa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Giant Stickman

Anyen tsakani na wasu ma'aurata suna da kyau na tsawon sa. Rikodin tsakanin kwari sun nuna wani nau'in Necroscia, wanda aka samo a Indiya, wasanni masu lalata wanda ya wuce kwanaki 79. Wannan nau'in galibi yana ɗaukar matsayin mating na wasu kwanaki ko makonni a jere. Kuma a cikin nau'ikan kamar Diapheromera veliei da D. covilleae, mating na iya wucewa zuwa awanni uku zuwa 136. Ana lura da gwagwarmaya tsakanin maza masu gasa cikin jinsin D. veiliei da D. covilleae. A yayin waɗannan tarurrukan, tsarin abokin adawar ya tilasta wa namiji ya yi amfani da cikin jikin mace don toshe shafin da aka makala.

Lokaci zuwa lokaci, mace tana bugewa a gasa. Yawancin lokaci karfi mai ƙarfi a cikin mace kuma yana busawa mai kutse ya isa ya hana gasar da ba'a sonta, amma wani lokacin mai yin gasa yana amfani da dabarar dabara don saka mace. Yayinda abokin tarayya na mace ke ciyarwa kuma an tilasta shi ya sakko daga barin mahaifa, mai laifin na iya kama mahaifar ta kuma shigar da sassan jikinta. Yawancin lokaci, idan mai kutsawa ya sami damar shiga cikin mace, wannan zai haifar da maye gurbin abokin da ya gabata.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yawancin kwari na itace, ban da hanyar haifuwa ta yau da kullun, suna iya haifar da zuriya ba tare da abokin tarayya ba, suna kwance ƙwai wanda ba a haɗa shi ba. Don haka, ba lallai ne suka dogara ga maza ba, tunda ba a bukatar hadi. Game da batun parthenogenesis na atomatik, hadadden kwayar halittar hailala daga cikin kwan, an haifi samarin mahaifiya.

Don ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma nau'in halittar, halartar maza ya zama dole domin takin ɓangaren ƙwai. Abu ne mai sauki ga masu yawo a zaune cikin fakitoci su sami abokan tarayya - yana da wahala ga jinsin da suka saba da zama shi kaɗai. Matan waɗannan jinsunan suna ɓoye pheromones na musamman, suna ba su damar jawo hankalin maza. Makonni biyu bayan hadi, mace tayi babba, kamar kwai (wani wuri har zuwa 300). Offspringa thatan da ke bayyana daga kwai bayan kammala metamorphosis yana ƙoƙarin samun zuwa abinci abinci da sauri.

Abokan gaba na Maƙiyi

Hoto: sandar kwari

Babban maqiyan fatalwowi sune tsuntsayen da suke neman abinci a cikin ciyawa, haka kuma tsakanin ganye da rassa. Babban dabarun kariya ga yawancin nau'ikan sandunansu shine kamewa, ko kuma kwaikwayon matattu ko rayayyun sassan tsirrai.

Yawanci, masu saɓani suna ɗaukar irin waɗannan hanyoyin kariyar:

• sun zama marasa motsi koda an taba su kuma basu kokarin gujewa ko tsayayya,
• oscillate, kwaikwayon swaying sassan tsirrai a cikin iska,
• canza launin haskensu zuwa wani dare mai duhu saboda sakiwar kwayoyin. Tasirin hormones na iya haifar da tarawa ko haɓaka hatsi mai ruwan shuɗi a cikin sel masu launin, wanda ke haifar da canji cikin launi,
• kawai fadi ƙasa, inda suke da wahalar gani tsakanin sauran sassan shuka,
• da sauri ya faɗi ƙasa, sannan kuma, da ya ɗauka minti ɗaya, sai ya gudu da sauri,
• wasu nau'ikan suna tsoratar da maharan, suna buɗe fikafikan su da alama sun fi girma,
• wasu suna kuwwa da fikafikai ko katangu,
• don kauce wa magabata, yawancin jinsuna na iya zubar da ƙafar mutum ɗaya a wuraren da aka ƙaddara a tsakanin cinya da cinyar cinya kuma kusan zai maye gurbinsu gaba ɗaya lokacin gyaran fata na gaba (farfadowa).

Fatalwa kuma sun mallaki abin da ake kira gland na soja. Irin waɗannan nau'o'in suna mamaye rufin ruwansu ta hanyar buɗewa a cikin kirji, waɗanda ke saman saman ƙafafun gaba. Tsare sirri na iya ko jin ƙanshi mai ƙarfi kuma yawanci ba a ɗaukar sa, ko ma a ƙunshi sinadarai masu saurin tayar da hankali. Musamman mambobi ne na dangin Pseudophasmatidae suna da matsananciyar damuwa wanda yakan haifar da lalata kuma, musamman, yana shafan membranes na mucous.

Wata dabarar gama gari don manyan jinsuna, kamar Eurycanthini, Extatosomatinae da Heteropteryginae, abokan gaba ne. Ire-iren waxannan dabbobin suna shimfida kafafunsu na baya, aka sanya su a sararin sama, kuma su ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan matsayin har abokan gaba sun matso. Sannan suna bugun kafafu da kafafunsu suka hadu a wurin abokan gaba. Wannan tsari ana maimaita shi a tsaka-tsaki na lokaci-lokaci har sai abokin adawar ya mika wuya ko kuma an kama shi, wanda zai iya zama mai raɗaɗi sakamakon raunin da aka samu a ƙafafun kafafunsa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Yaya sanda take?

An jera nau'ikan hudu a cikin Littafin Ruwan Kai kamar yadda ire-iren suke barazanar ruguzawa, nau'ikan biyu suna gab da hallakarwa, an jera nau'ikan guda ɗaya cikin haɗari, ɗayan kuma an lalata.

Waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da:

• Carausius scotti - a gab da lalacewa, yana da matukar kyau ga karamin tsibiri na Silhouette, wanda yake wani yanki ne na tsibiran Seychelles,
• Dryococelus australis yana gab da karewa. An kusan lalata shi a tsibirin Lord Howe (Tekun Pacific), berayen da aka kawo su. Daga baya, godiya ga sabbin samfuran da aka samo, an bullo da wani shiri don sanya su cikin bauta,
• Graeffea seychellensis wani nau'in halitta ne mai kusan shuɗewa wanda yake da matukar wahala ga Seychelles,
• Pseudobactricia ridleyi wani nau'in halitta ne mai ƙarewa. A zamanin yau an san shi ne kawai samfurin da aka gano shekaru 100 da suka gabata a cikin tsaunukan teku a kan Tsibirin Malay a cikin Singapur.

Wata mummunar lalacewar gandun daji na iya faruwa, musamman a cikin lamurran tarihi. Daga Ostiraliya zuwa Kudancin Amurka, an gabatar da nau'in Echetlus evoneobertii a cikin itacen oucalyptus na Brazil - wanda gonakinsu ke cikin mummunan haɗari. A Ostiraliya kanta, Didymuria violescens, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana lalata mummunar gandun daji na New South Wales da Victoria kowace shekara biyu. Don haka, a cikin 1963, daruruwan murabba'in kilomita na gandun daji ya kasance an lalata shi gaba daya.

Masu gadi

Hoto: Red Book Stickman

Ba a san kaɗan ba game da barazanar yawan fatalwa saboda yanayin rayuwa. Koyaya, lalacewa ta mazauniya da mamayewa mahaɗa galibi suna da babban tasiri akan jinsunan da ke zaune a cikin ƙananan yankuna, kamar tsibiri ko mazaunin halitta. Bayyanar bera mai launin ruwan bebi a tsibirin Lord Howe a cikin 1918 ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an dauki yawancin yawan Dryococelus australis a cikin 1930. Gano abubuwan da ba su kasa da dabbobi 30 ba kilomita 23 daga tsibirin makwabta, Ball Pyramid ya tabbatar da rayuwarta. Saboda ƙaramin girman adadin jama'a kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa mazaunin dabbobi da aka samo akwai iyakance kawai 6 m × 30 m, an yanke shawarar gudanar da tsarin kiwo.

Maimaita ziyartar wasu mazauna ya nuna cewa wannan ba batun keɓance bane. Don haka, an gano Parapachymorpha spinosa a ƙarshen 1980s a cikin tashar Pak Chong a Thailand. Musamman don jinsin da ke da karamin yanki, ana amfani da matakan kariya daga kwararru da masu goyon baya. An gano shi a cikin 2004, itace a arewacin Peru, ana samun ƙwayar ƙwaro mai ƙwalwa (Peruphasma schultei) a wani yanki mai girman hekta biyar kawai.

Tunda akwai sauran nau'ikan halittu masu mahimmanci a yankin, gwamnatin Peru ta ba shi kariya. INungiyar INIBICO ta NGO (Environmentungiyar Mahalli ta Peru) ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar sadaka. Har ila yau, wani shiri na mazauna gandun dajin na Cordillera del Condor shi ma ya bullo da shirin kiwo mara nauyi. Aikin, wanda aka tsara za a ƙaddamar kafin ƙarshen 2007, an ƙaddara shi don ceto ko sayar da zuriya. Godiya ga masoya na phazmid, an kiyaye wannan nau'in a cikin kayanta kuma a halin yanzu sandaro yana daya daga cikin abubuwanda ake yawan amfani dasu a cikin farfajiyar terrarium.

Fazakarwa

Afe ƙafafunta zuwa tushe, kwari yana ɗaukar nauyin jikin duka a wani kusurwa zuwa gefe a cikin tsari ko a rataye kawai.Hannun kafafu biyu na hakora tare da kunkuntar ciki, antennae da madaidaiciya goshin sun kasance suna hade (bugu da ,ari, antennae yana kwance a cikin tsagi na musamman), da sanda, yana jujjuyawa zuwa tsarin kara, ya shuɗe.

Kiwo indian sanda

Matar ta zubar da ƙwai a ƙasa, inda suke kwance kusan watanni biyu kafin fitarwar larvae. Kwalaben dutsen milimita biyu na murfin dutsen India - launin toka, tare da tsarin baƙar fata mai launi, yana da "murfi" a gefe kuma yana da kama da ƙaramar ƙaramar flask.

Yankin ƙasa

Maza manya na stringillera stickman suna ƙasa kuma idan haɗuwa, nuna ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ga juna. Yaki na iya ƙarewa a cikin mutuwar mafi rauni, saboda haka, bai kamata a sa mazaje ɗaya a cikin farfaɗo ɗaya ba. Mafi yawan lokuta a hade suke dauke da dangi guda daya da mata dayawa.

Cordillera larva ci gaban

Shiryawa yana kimanin watanni 4-6. Kudin kyankyaso da dare. Tsawonsu kusan 1.5 cm, launin ruwan hoda-launin toka-toka. Larvae nan da nan hawa sama fodder tsire-tsire ba da daɗewa ba fara ciyar. Ci gaban larvae ya kai watanni 4-5. Bayan farkon molt, za a iya bambance mace daga maza ta nuna bakin ciki na ciki. Yayin da suke girma, launi na larvae na iya bambanta daga koren haske ko kuma m tare da jijiyoyin fata zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Tsammani na rayuwar kwari na manya a cikin kyawawan yanayi na iya isa shekara guda ko fiye.

HannaMar

in babu maza, mace na sanda na iya zama ta hanyar parthenogenesis, wato, ba tare da hadi ba. Haka kuma, dukkan zuriyarsu zasu kunshi mata. Ta wannan hanyar haihuwa, hatchability na qwai yana ƙasa, kuma tsira na larvae ya fi muni da haifuwar da ta shafi maza.

Cutar Katalwa

Ga sandar da ke zaune a matsayinta na kariya (kariya), abin da ake kira catalepsy halayyar mutum ne, wanda kayan jikin suke cikin yanayin “sassauyar da kakin zuma”. Idan a wannan lokacin ya baiwa sandar wani matsayi, zai ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan matsayin har sai ya fito daga catalepsy. Koda cire wani sashi na jikin ba zai kawo shi matsayin al'ada ba.

Abincin bazara

Daga bazara zuwa kaka, waɗannan kwari suna iya rayuwa "akan burodin kyauta", suna cin ganyayyaki na raspberries, fure da kuma ciyawar daji. A cikin hunturu, su ma za a iya ciyar da privet, kamar yadda wannan shuka riƙe wani ɓangare na kore ganye da kuma a cikin hunturu, bushe rasberi ganye. Wani nau'in abinci na yau da kullun shine Lilac.

Ciyar da abinci

Za'a iya sanya ciyawar abinci a cikin kwalban kantin magani tare da ruwa. Irin wannan kumfa yana da sauƙi don fita daga cikin kwari kuma sanya wuri tare da dogon hancin. Don kada sandunansu su jefa tsummokinsu ko sanya ƙwai a cikin ruwa, zai fi kyau a cire wuyan kumfa tare da kumburin auduga, ƙusoshin kumfa ko ɗamara.

Lita

Coveredarshen maganin an rufe shi da takaddar tacewa, tawul ɗin takarda ko jarida (a cikin yadudduka da yawa) ko kuma yayyafa shi da yashi na bakin ciki, wanda a baya yana wanke shi da murɗa wuta. An maye gurbin zuriyar dabbobi yayin da ta zama tayi. Idan "rago" na ganye da ƙoshin abinci da sauri rub, da sauri ya zama dole don inganta samun iska.

Da rana

A cikin rana, manya New Guinean sanda kwari da larvae na tsofaffi ɓoye a cikin mafaka - hawa zuwa hollows ko karkashin guda na haushi, burrow cikin bushe ganye. Smallan kananan larvae ne kawai a cikin gani, daskarewa a cikin halin halayen don itace kwari tare da faɗaɗa ƙafafun gaba. Yayin da duhu ya fara tashi, kwari sukan rayu, suna hawa kan rassan tsirrai kuma suna ci ganye.

Oviposition

A lokacin da aka fara haihuwar, bakin cikin mace na kiba sosai. Tana sanya ƙwai 1-2 a rana, kuma sama da tsawon rayuwa - fiye da ƙwai ɗari. Qwai suna da girma.

Mataki na farko na rayuwar dan sanda shine kwai. Tsawon lokacin ci gaban wannan matakin ya kasance kwanaki 54

Dawowar nono, ko larvae

Tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin yawan terrarium (guda biyu na sandunansu guda biyu a kowace lita 2-3 na iya aiki), ana iya barin ƙwai a cikin terrarium har sai nymphs ko larvae su bar su. In ba haka ba, zai zama fin so don canja wurin su zuwa babban incubator - raba wani karamin akwati tare da Layer na rigar substrate a kasan. Za'a iya amfani da peat, vermiculite, yashi ko kwakwa mai kwalliya azaman madadin ruwa. Ya kamata a fesa dutsen a kowane fewan kwanaki don kula da laima mai yawa, in ba haka ba ƙwai na iya mutuwa daga bushewa.

Rayuwa da muhammad. ko larvae

A rana ta biyu bayan barin ƙwai, larvae fara ciyar. Bayan farkon molt, larvae na kwaro na itace ya zama gaba daya yayi daidai da iyayensu, yana bambanta kawai a cikin girman su da karan fikafikan su. Nan da nan bayan molt na farko, ya rigaya ya yiwu a ƙayyade jima'i - maza suna da ƙaramin ƙwayar tarin fitsari a ƙasan ciki na ƙasan ciki, kuma mace bata da irin wannan ƙwayar.

Habitat da mazauninsu

Wadannan kwari, baƙon abu daban kuma na musamman a cikin iyawarsu, suna zaune a yankuna na wurare masu zafi da ƙasa, kuma ana iya samun su a cikin yanayin yanayi, amma da wuya.

Speciesungiyoyin itace guda biyu ne kaɗai ke rayuwa a Rasha. Ellowan uwan ​​suna zaune a cikin gandun daji, suna ɗan gajeren lokacinsu a cikin rassa da kuma a cikin magudan itatuwa Suna buƙatar yanayin zafi da laima.

Ayyukan kariya

Don kare kansu daga makiya na halitta, an samar da fasali da yawa ga yan 'uwan mahajjata ta dabi'a. Wannan shine photomimicry, wanda waɗannan kwari suke da cikakkiyar inganci.

Tsarin jikin mutum, mai kama da rassa da ganyayyaki bishiyoyi, yana sanya ya zama kusan basa ganuwa ga magabatansu. Wadannan kwari masu ban mamaki suna iya yin amai har zuwa bugun rassan da ganyayyaki suyi yawo.

Wata damar - sandunansu na iya kasancewa cikin yanayin catalepsy na dogon lokaci.

Wannan cikakken cikar rai ne, wanda sanda sanda ke da wuya a cire shi, koda kuwa yana cire wani sashin jiki.

Wasu nau'ikan wadannan kwari suna da ikon jefar da wani reshe wanda ya koma bayan wata molt.

Sauran nau'in suna fitar da wani ruwa kamar gas, wanda yake tursasawa maharin. Wasu nau'in ma sun fara buɗe abubuwan da ke cikin ciki don tsoratar da mai cin abincin.

Kama shi da mamaki, sandunansu suna fadi daga bishiyoyi kuma suna daskarewa ba tare da motsi ba, suna nuna cewa sun mutu har sai haɗarin ya wuce. Babban mahimmancin sandunansu shine babban yanki na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi hatsi na launi kuma yana ƙarƙashin ƙasan chitinous mai ƙarfi.

Godiya ga waɗannan alamu, kwari suna da ikon canza launi dangane da wurin da suke, daga haske.

Wannan sandunansu suna cimma iyakar ƙarfin sakamako.

Rayuwa

Wds suna zaune su kadai ko a manyan fakitoci. Haka kuma, jagorantar tsarin rayuwa, yana da matukar wahala ace kwari su samu abokin tarayya don haifuwa.

Wadannan kwari suna yin rayuwa mara kyau, yayin rana suna zaune marasa motsi a jikin rassan da ganyayyaki, suna farkawa a faɗuwa da neman abinci. Sabili da haka, an ba su irin wannan manyan damar don kariya daga masu hasara.

Abincin

Sanye da kwari mai kwari. Suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan ɗanyen bishiyoyi da shukoki. Nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan kwari masu ban mamaki suna da halaye iri daban-daban.

Abin sha'awa, an tilasta musu su kwashe dukkan gajeren rayuwarsu don neman abinci.

Idan sanda bai ci abinci ko da rana ba, ya mutu. Matasa, da ba a haife su ba, nan da nan suna neman abinci. Godiya ga fajircinsu mai karfi, wadannan halittu suna iya cinye ganye a ganyayyaki mafi tsauri.

Kammalawa

Insectsan sanda, hanyar rayuwarsu, har yanzu ba a yi nazarinsu cikakke ba, duka saboda ɗan gajeren rayuwar su da kuma saboda yanayin mazauninsu, wani lokacin a wurare masu nisa.

Amma ire-iren wadannan jinsunan da muka sani, babu makawa sun sa muyi sha'awar rayuwarsu ta sabon abu, wanda aka gabatar wa sandar da dabi'a. Waɗannan halittu ne masu ban al'ajabi, waɗanda muke sake gwada tunaninmu da yadda baƙon abu da kuma keɓantaccen rayuwar duniyarmu.