A sama: Aldiomedes burbushin halittun filastil; a kasa: kwanyar ta firam albatross Phoebastria nigripes, daya daga cikin yan dangi.

Jean-Claude Stahl / Te Papa

Masana binciken burbushin halittu sun bayyana wani sabon salo da jinsin albatrosses wanda ya rayu shekaru miliyan 3-3.4 da suka gabata a New Zealand, a cewar Jaridar kasa da kasa ta Kimiyyar Avian. Shi ne mafi karancin iyali a cikin iyali, kuma yana yin hukunci da siffar gemunsa, ya fara neman kifin. Ba a san dalilin da ya sa ya mutu ba. Kamar yadda masu binciken suka nuna, ba zai iya tsayar da gasa tare da sauran tekuna ba.

Yanzu an rarrabe tsuntsaye huɗu a cikin gidan albatross, yawancinsu suna zaune ne a Kudancin Hemisphere. Waɗannan manyan ruwayen teku ne, waɗanda galibin ganima suke ci a jikin magudanan ruwa, zuwa ƙarancin kifin da ɓacin rai, kodayake suna iya cin abinci da kuma zooplankton. Daban-daban jinsin har ma da yawan albatrosses suna da dabi'un cin abincinsu, wasu suna ciyar da ceklopods, wasu kuma akan crustaceans ko kifi. Albatrosses suna da ingantaccen tsarin jin ƙanshi, wanda yake basu damar bincika ganima ta ƙanshi. Manyan wakilai na dangi, masu yawo da Kudancin albatross, suna da fuka-fuki na nisan mita 3.7 (wannan cikakken rikodin ne tsakanin tsuntsayen zamani), kuma nauyinsu na iya kaiwa kilo 11. Atan ƙarami, smoky da baƙi ƙwalƙwallan walƙiya sun kai kilo 2.4-3.4, kuma fikafikan nasu ya kai mita biyu.

Ragowar daya daga cikin tsoffin albatrosses, Murunkus subitusAn samo su a Uzbekistan a cikin Tsakiyar Eocene (shekaru miliyan 57 zuwa 47 da suka gabata). Koyaya, wannan tsuntsu baiyi kama da wakilan dangi na zamani ba, kuma kasancewar kungiyar sa akwai shakku. Wani tsuntsu Tydea septentrionalis, wanda ya rayu a farkon Oligocene 30-31 miliyan shekaru da suka gabata, an riga an danganta shi da albatrosses. A cikin girman, ta yi kama da albatross mai launin baƙi na zamani, wanda ya kai tsawon santimita 80-95, kuma fikafikan nisansa 2-2.5. A cikin tsakiyar Miocene (shekaru miliyan 12-15 da suka gabata), an fara raba rukuni zuwa rukuni na zamani guda huɗu. Wannan tabbataccen abu ne da burbushin tsuntsaye na kwayoyin halittar Phoebastria da kuma halittar albatrosses (Diomedea) wanda aka samo a California da Oregon.

Masana binciken halittu Gerald Mayr na Gidan Tarihi na Zenckenberg da ke Frankfurt da Alan J. D. Tennison na gidan kayan tarihi na New Zealand sun bayyana wani sabon salo da nau'ikan albatrosses da suka rayu shekaru miliyan 3 da digo.4 da suka gabata a New Zealand. An samu kusan kwanyarsa a cikin Tsarin Tangahoe a shekarar 2011.

Aldiomedes makargima, kamar yadda ake kira tsuntsu, shi ne mafi kankanta daga cikin albatross na zamani. Tsawon kwanyar ta kusan kashi 90% na tsawon kwanyar kananun 'yan uwa ne, masu shan tabar wiwi.Phoebetria). Albatross na dā bai yi kama da na zamani ba kawai da girma ba. Yana da gemun kunkuntar da ba ta dace ba kama da gwanayen bakin teku waɗanda ke neman kifayen da siffar. Abincin yawancin nau'ikan zamani ya ƙunshi mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace.

Me yasa A.angustirostrisris bace, wanda zai iya tsammani. Herald Mayr ya ce "Mai yiyuwa ne yayin da suke aikin Pliocene, sun mallaki makamanciyar yanayin muhalli kamar sauran tekunan teku, irin su gannetwhales da cormorant, kuma a ƙarshe sun ba su," in ji Herald Mayr. "Bayan haka, don gwada wannan tunanin, ana buƙatar ƙarin burbushin tsuntsaye na wannan lokacin."

Ya kamata a sani cewa albatrosses ba wai kawai masu mallakar manyan fuka-fuki tsakanin tsuntsaye bane. Babbar tsuntsaye mai rai, macen da aka yiwa lakabi da albatross da aka yiwa lakabi da Wisdom wacce ta fito daga kwai a kusan 1951, kuma aka yi mata kara a 1956. A bara, tsuntsu mai shekaru 68 ya sake kwanciya a kwai.

Assaƙa

Masallatan da aka zaba domin kai harin ba su da nisa da juna. Hare-haren sun fara kusan lokaci guda - a Masallacin Al-Nur da ke kan hanyar Deans Avenue da misalin karfe 13:40 na lokacin (3:40 lokacin Moscow), da kuma a Masallacin Lynwood - da misalin karfe 13:45. Mosqueaya daga cikin masallaci ɗaya ne kawai aka kashe, kuma policean sanda sun kame wani mutum da ke sanye da kayan kusa da makarantar da wata mace.

Hoto: AP / TASS

Mafi yawan bayanai an san su ne game da harin da aka kaiwa Al-Nur, wanda ya kashe mutane 30. Wanda ya tayar da shi - wani farin mutum - ya fara harbe-harben a waje: a wurin mutanen biyu da ke tsaye a ƙofar, kuma bayan - ya gama da layin ɗayansu, wanda ke ƙoƙarin ɓacewa, sai ya shiga ciki, inda ya buɗe wuta ba tare da nuna bambanci ba. Baƙi a cikin masallacin sun ɓoye a cikin rudani a sasanninta, ɗayansu, mara mara nauyi, tsalle kan kibiya a cikin hanya, amma wannan bai taimaka ba .. harin ya kai kimanin minti shida, lokacin da ya sami damar komawa motar sau ɗaya don sabon katako.

An tsare mutumin bayan harin: direban da ke wucewa ya harbe bidiyon yadda 'yan sanda suka kwantar da shi a kasa. Sanin kowa ne cewa an riga an tuhume shi da kisan, gobe zai bayyana a kotu.

Kadan ne aka sani game da harin na biyu - wanda ya kai harin ya isa yankin Subaru na azurfa, an kashe kusan harbe 20 a wurin, kuma musulmin da ke zaune a makabartar sun yi adawa da dawo da wuta. A cewar rahotannin baya-bayan nan, kusan mutane 10 ne suka mutu sakamakon wannan hari.

Motsi

Kafofin yada labarai sun gano sunan maharin - wannan wani Ba’amurke ne dan shekara 28 Brenton tarrant, kwanan nan, a cewar hukumomi, ya koma New Zealand. Jim kadan kafin kai harin, ya buga wani shafin mai shafi 74 wanda ya yi magana game da kalaman nuna kiyayya da akidoji da yawa da kuma bakin haure, sannan kuma ya kira kansa da sunan "kabilanci da nuna wariyar launin fata," kuma aikinsa ta'addanci ne.

A cikin rubutun katechism, Tarrant ya amsa nasa tambayoyin, lokaci guda yana ambaton membobin da suka yaɗu a cikin da'irori masu dacewa. Misali, ya kira kansa "mai hallakar da kebabs" (wanda ke nuni da kisan kare dangi na Bosniya na 1995), wargi da ake kira African American Candice Owens, wanda ya fito fili ya goyi bayan 'yan Republican ("Tare da kowane wahayi, sha'awar tashin hankali a cikin ni ya gushe tawali'u"), kazalika ya yi kira don biyan kuɗi ga ɗayan manyan masu kula da yowuber PewDiePie, waɗanda a baya aka zarge su da goyan bayan 'yancin. “Kirkira, sanyawa, da kuma rarraba abubuwan tunawa. Sun yi fiye da kima ga kishin-kishin-kabilanci fiye da kowane tsari, ”in ji shi.

Tsarin daga watsa shirye-shiryen Brenton Tarrant a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa

A yayin harin, ya yada labarai kai tsaye ta yanar gizo, kuma duk da cewa Facebook da Instagram da Twitter nan da nan suka share asusun nasa, sake kunna rikodin har yanzu a yanar gizo. Ya fara watsa shirye-shiryen ne da kalmomin "Bari jam'iyyar ta fara" yayin da yake tuki a cikin motar da ke tare da waƙar farfagandar Serbia mai ƙarfi, kuma a gaban kujera da a cikin akwati yana da bindigogi masu saukar ungulu da dama, waɗanda aka zana zane. Wanda ya kai harin yana cikin rigar soja.

'Yan jarida daga Daily Sabah sun yi nazarin rubutattun bayanan da aka rubuta a kan makamai - ban da taken taken "Ga ku nan, yarjejeniya kan baƙi" da "kalmomi 14," Tarrant ya kuma jera sunayen gumakan da ake zarginsa da su. Musamman, akwai sojoji waɗanda suka jagoranci gwagwarmaya da Daular Ottoman (alal misali, gwarzo na yakin Turkiya-karni na 17, Bayo Pivlyanin da mashahurin Rasha Dmitry Senyavin). Tarrant ya mai da hankali ga mutanen zamaninsa - a kan bindiga, ya rubuta game da hukuncin dan kasar Italiya game da harbi a kan baƙi 'yan Afirka, Luca Traini, da Alexander Bisonnett, waɗanda suka buɗe wuta a cikin wani masallaci a Quebec.

Screenshots daga asusun Twitter na Brenton Tarrant

Yanzu an sanar da babban matakin haɗari a duk faɗin ƙasar, duk masallatan New Zealand suna rufe. Wani tsari na musamman ya kasance har zuwa maraice a Christchurch: an rufe makarantu, an nemi mazauna karkara kada su bar gida, kuma har yanzu yan sanda suna wurin. An tabbatar da asalin abubuwan da suka mutu.

A cikin jawabinta, Firayim Minista na New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern, ta kuma bayyana lamarin a matsayin harin ta'addanci: "Zan bayyana maharan a matsayin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba su da mazauni a New Zealand kuma a zahiri, a wannan duniyar. Wannan harin bai faru ba saboda mun yarda da wariyar launin fata da tattara masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Akasin haka, saboda mun tsaya ne don bambancin. Mu gida ne ga wadanda suke raba kawunanmu, mafaka ga masu bukatar hakan. Kuma ba wani harin ta'addanci da zai rusa wadannan tushe. "

Penguin tsuntsu ne mai jan wuta!

Daya daga cikin abubuwan tilas a gani game da tafiyarmu zuwa Argentina shine: gani penguins a kusa. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na gargajiya don wannan: ajiye wuri a kan sashin ƙirar Valdes da balaguro daga Ushuaia. Koyaya, a watan Fabrairu, Valdes bai cika lokacin ba - babu kifayen whales, kuma ma'ana bai dace da mu ba. Har ila yau, a cikin Ushuaia, an sami matsaloli biyu: farashi da shirye-shirye. Ko dai kada ku tashi daga jirgin ruwan kwata-kwata (bakin ciki), ko kuma ku tafi tare da kamfanin da ke ba da damar saukowa (150US $ kowane mutum, kada ku kusanci penguins).

Sakamakon haka, na yanke shawara cewa don penguins za mu tafi zuwa garin Puerto San Julian. Ba wurin yawon shakatawa bane, don zama gaskiya. Balaguro daya ne yake shirya su. Kuma ga jirginmu:

A duka duka, akwai mutane 9 da ke cikin jirgin, da alama cewa wani ma ya yi rajista don jirgin na biyu.

Yayin da yake tafiya zuwa tsibirin tare da penguins, mutum zai iya kallon tekun.

. dabbobin ruwa, da kuma penguins suna iyo. Ba zai yiwu a ɗauki hoton su ba, ganin yadda dabbobin ruwa suke da sauri, kuma penguins sun daɗe kafin jirgin ruwan ya kusan isa.

Amma kai tsaye daga jirgin ruwan zaka iya ganin abubuwan gani na birni (duka biyun). Jirgin sama (jirgin sama ya samo asali ne a lokacin yakin Malvinas).

. da madadin jirgin ruwan Magellan:

Kuna iya shiga jirgi, akwai karamin gidan kayan gargajiya, cute, amma gaba daya mara hoto. Za'a iya tantance adadin baƙin baƙin da ke wurin ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa mai kulawa ya nemi ɗaukar hoto tare da mu. :) Amma na karkace daga batun. Don haka, mun sauka a tsibirin:

Nan da nan kuna jin kamar hali a cikin littattafan Jules Verne: a kan wani kange, tsibirin daji, dubban tsuntsaye waɗanda ba su tsoron mutane gaba ɗaya.

Gaskiya ne, don wannan kuna buƙatar duba zuwa birni - a nan yana kusa sosai:

Penguins tashi zuwa wannan tsibiri nesting. A watan Fabrairu, ana iya lura da ci gaban matasa a matakai daban-daban na yin molting.

Baya ga penguins, sauran nau'in tsuntsayen suna zaune anan:

Muna da lokacin kyauta a cikin tsibirin: kyaftin kawai ya nemi kada mu je nesa.

Ta yaya kusancinka zaka iya zuwa penguins? Ee, hakane:

Yawancin su suna da nutsuwa, amma wasu, idan suka ga wani mai gabatowa, sai su fara girgiza kansu ba tare da murna ba.

Da dabara a ɓoye cikin rassan bishiyoyi.

Bonusarin karin raini shine ziyarar garuruwan biyu masu haɓaka.

Duwatsu masu launin ruwan kasa a karkashin hurkokinsu ba na dutse bane. Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin kayan amfani waɗanda ko da yaƙe-yaƙe sau ɗaya - guano. Gaskiya ne, ƙasan sa ƙarami ne a nan, kamshin ɗin bai ji da cikakke ba. Anan ba mu hau zuwa gabar teku ba, amma tsuntsaye na kusa da su.

A mulkin mallaka na biyu, yawan jama'a ya kasance kaɗan. Kawai wani irin cormorant ne daban.

Wani babban ƙari na wannan yawon shakatawa shine farashin: mun ba da kimanin dala 110 saboda biyar. Kuma da rana mun tafi tafiya tare da bakin tekun tare da wata hanya mai ban mamaki, amma ƙari akan wannan a post na gaba.

Pischa

Pisukha karamin tsuntsu ne daga umarnin Passeriformes, wakili

dan Pisukh dangi. A sashin farko na jiki, damin ya banbanta, wutsiya ya yi ja, ciki kuma launin sa launin fari ne. Fuka-fukan wutsiya mai kauri da tsauri suna taimaka mata ta kasance a miƙe a kan dogayen bishiya. Gefen yana da tsayi tsawon rai, kuma yana zube kasa. An hada abincin a cikin nau'in tsuntsayen da aka zama gama gari a cikin dazuzzukan mu, amma ba kowane tafiya ne yake kama ido ba.

Pika wani tsuntsu ne mai rikitarwa. Godiya ga launi na plumage, yana zahiri

hade da haushi da bishiyoyi. Saboda karamin girmanta, tsuntsun yaci abinci tun safe har zuwa maraice, saboda haka yana cikin motsawa koyaushe kuma yana neman abinci.

Hanyar motsi tare da gangar jikin pika yana matukar maimaitawa game da rashin nutsuwa. Amma tare da ɗaya

muhimmin bambanci - yana gudana ne gaba ɗaya daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Isa zuwa

wani bishiyar abinci, wannan halittar wacce take dauke dashi

na duniya kanta kuma fara saurin tafiya sama. Sabili da haka ba tare da tsayawa ba. Amma ba ta son son tashiwa.

Lokacin farko da na ga pika shine 28 Disamba, 2018. Haka ne, eh, wannan shine yadda na tuno wannan ganawar har zuwa yau, saboda ainihin hotonta an saka shi ne a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen kaina na "tsuntsu-zebest". A bayyane, ni ma na ƙaunace ta, don haka tun daga wannan lokacin pika ya zama idanuna a kai a kai. Abin ban dariya ne, amma galibi wannan tsuntsun yakan iya gano daidai da hangen nesa. Domin, saboda kyamarar kyamarar kamara, kuna lura da shi da ƙari ta hanyar motsi, don yin magana, daga kusurwar ido.

Kuma, rabin hotunan sun yi rauni yayin aikawa

Zaryanka

Wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu yana da sunaye da yawa. Duniya ta san ta kamar wayewar gari, robin, alfijir, gari ya waye. Amma saboda wasu dalilai Ina son kawai zaryanka.

Zaryanka karamin tsuntsu ne, mai tsawon kusan cm 14. nauyin da yake da girma shine gram 15 kawai, fuka-fukan daga 17 zuwa 20 cm.

Gashin fuka-fukai masu taushi da taushi, basa ɗaukar jiki, wannan shine dalilin da yasa zaryanka tayi kama da kyan gani, kamar ladle. Wannan tsuntsu yana da kafafu masu ƙarfi sosai, wanda a hankali yake tsalle a ƙasa. Tsuntsu da kansa yayi launin toka, goshi, makogwaro, kirji da kuma wani sashin kai mai ruwan lemo ne, ciki kuma farare ne.

A karo na farko na sadu da wani zaryanka a lokacin sanyi na shekara ta 2017. Saboda haka, don kada in daskarewa, dole ne in yi tafiya da yawa a cikin gandun daji. Godiya ga abin da na samu sau ɗaya cikin wannan yanayin, ƙwallon ƙwallon da ke zaune a kan reshe. Af, zaryanki suna da haƙuri tare da waɗanda ke waje, wani lokacin ana iya ɗaukar hoto da kyau. Ana samun su a duk gandun daji daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.

Zaryanka tana da muryar kyakkyawa da waka tun daga wayewar gari (saboda haka sunan) har yamma. Haka kuma, daidaikun maza da mata suna raira waƙa, wanda ba sabon abu bane a cikin rera taken. Tare da bluethroat da reed-badger, yana cikin masu sha'awar ukun guda uku na waƙoƙin nasa - yana matukar nuna kulawa ga hoton mutum a wayar. A lokacin kakar, kiwo a ƙarƙashin wannan murfin murfin, Na sami damar kusanto da zaryaniks a ƙarshen kewayon fanni, a matsakaicin nisa na mita 2. A lokaci guda, sun saurari “ni” sosai a hankali, ba tare da tsangwama ba, kuma kawai suka amsa cikin dakatarwa. Me za ki ce, kyawawan dabi'un, ba kamar tsoratarwar dare ba.

A wannan shekara na fara haduwa da zaryanka a zahiri tun kafin ranar jiya, wanda shine dalilin da yasa na yanke shawarar rubutawa.

A cikin hotuna 4 na ƙarshe, akwai matasa.

Tsuntsaye mafi tsufa na duniya sun tsani kajin

A karshen shekarar da ta gabata, mun yi magana game da mafi tsufa tsuntsu a duniya, wata mace mai shekaru 68 mai duhu-wacce ta yi wa lakabi da Albatross mai suna Wizdom: a watan Disamba, ba wai kawai ta sake dawowa wurin zama ba ne, har ma ta sanya kwai. Kamar yadda ya juya, komai yayi kyau cikin dangin albatross: yanzu masana kimiyya sun gano karen da aka harba. Dangane da ƙididdigar su, wannan na iya zama Wizdom na 37 "yaro".

Chatham Albatross Nests

A cikin hoto, kajin na Chatham albatrosses (Thalassarche eremita) suna zaune a dakuna, kamar ganga ko tukwane. Irin waɗannan manya-manyan tsarukan daga ƙasa da yumbu ne yawancin albatross na kudu suka gina. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune a kan tsaunukan bakin dutse, inda kwai zai iya haɗarin mama, ko ma iya fashewa ba tare da “tsayawa” ba. Da namiji da mace suna ɗaukar abin birgewa a cikin berarsu, bunsur na ciyawa da gansakuka da sauran kayan daga kusa da inda aka keɓe shi, sa’an nan ya yanka shi da dabbobin. Ma’aurata na iya amfani da gida iri ɗaya tsawon shekaru, sabuntawa da gina ta.

Chatham Albatross, kamar sauran wakilai na halittar Mollimauk, yana da matsakaicci dangane da ka'idojin albatross. Fuka-fukan sa ba ya wuce mita 2.2, yayin da a cikin wakilan mafi girma na dangin albatross ya kai 3.5 m - fiye da kowane tsuntsu mai rai. Irin wannan fuka-fuki ana buƙatar albatrosses don nau'in jirgin sama na musamman - abin da ake kira Dynamic soaring, a lokacin da tsuntsayen ba za su iya yin fuka-fuki na dogon lokaci: wannan yana ba su damar rufe nesa mai nisa tare da ƙaramin kuzari kuma suna iya isa zuwa saurin zuwa 85 km / h. Abokin Hira Chatham albatrosses suna cinye yawancin shekara suna yawo a ƙarshen rabin Tekun Pasifik - daga Ostiraliya zuwa Chile, sun fifita yankin na yanzu na Peruvian.

Amma game da farauta, dukkan wakilan nau'ikan jinsin suna komawa tsibiri mai dutse guda daya - Pyramid, kudu maso gabashin tsibiran Chatham, wanda yake gabashin New Zealand. Tsibirin yana zaune har zuwa sunansa: sararin samaniya yake, ba shi da ciyawar tsiro, kusan dutsen.

Albatross na kiwo yana gudana daga Agusta zuwa Afrilu. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 70 kafin ma'auratan su saka kwai ɗaya. A lokacin kula da kajin, tsuntsayen manya sun tsaya a cikin mil 300 na tsibirin, kuma suna ciyar da su ba kifi ba, squid, barnacle da krill, har ma da kitse na ciki, wanda ake samarwa a cikin hanjin su. Wannan kayan ƙanshi maras kyau kuma yana aiki a matsayin wakili mai kariya - musamman ga kajin, wanda skuas, manyan gulls da sauran masu farauta zasu iya kaiwa hari.

Kayan kaji suna ci gaba a cikin gida don sama da watanni hudu, a zahiri ba tare da barin su ba. A tsawon lokaci, ziyarar iyayen da abinci ke zama da wuya, amma kajin suna amfani da ajiyar mai mai yawa: yayin ciyarwa mai ƙarfi suna zama sun fi iyayensu rauni. Ana sauya kayan da ke ƙasa da tsuntsayen fuka-fukan, matasa tsuntsaye lokaci-lokaci suna buɗe fikafikan su, sannan wata rana mai kyau sai su tashi zuwa tekun budewa su fara ciyar da kansu.

Kamar sauran tsibiran da ke cikin Tekun Pasifik, Chatham Archipelago sanannu ne ga tarin nau'ikansa, babu inda za'a sami tsuntsaye. Kusan dukkan su sun shafi mummunan tasirin bayan tsibiran sun fara haɓaka mutane sosai. Wasu nau'ikan, irin su Chatham's petroetics (Petroica traversi), an sami tsira daga hallaka, wasu - a cikinsu guan wasan Chatham (Eudyptes chathamensis) - gaba ɗaya sun ɓace. Mazaunin yawancin nau'in tsibirin yana da ƙanana saboda manyan shinge ruwa ba zai iya zama musu wahala ba. Albatrosses lamari ne daban-daban: waɗannan tsuntsaye, akasin haka, sunfi kowa kyau don hawa saman sararin teku. Koyaya, tsari irin wanda ake kira albatross, ko tubular-nosed, wanda albatrosses yake dashi, yana da alaƙar girma da haɓaka (daga Girkanci "ƙauna ga ƙasar") - haɗe zuwa wurin haihuwa.

Chatham Albatross a kan kwai gida guda. Hoto daga nzbirdsonline.org.nz

Chatham albatrosses sun fara haihuwar ne a shekara ta shida zuwa ta bakwai, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa suna iya gano wannan ƙaramar tsibiri inda su da kansu aka haife su sau ɗaya. A bangare guda, wannan ya dace: inda kakanninku suka yi tazara, zaku iya samun zuriya da kanku, kuma ban da haka, akwai yuwuwar akwai wasu tsuntsayen da ke tsibirin waɗanda suke shirye don haɗu. A hanyar, vapors na albatrosses suna haɓaka rayuwa kuma sun sake haɗuwa a cikin hanyoyin haɓaka masu zuwa. Amma a gefe guda, saboda irin wannan haɗin abin da aka haɗa zuwa rukunin wuraren kiwo, sake zama yana da matukar jinkiri. Kuma idan duk yawan kiwan ya mai da hankali ne ga karamin tsibi na gabar teku, to lokaci guda na illa na iya shafar makomar dukkan jinsin.

Wannan ya riga ya faru tare da Chatham albatross: a cikin 1985, guguwa mai ƙarfi ta haifar da mummunar lalacewar ƙasa da ciyayi na tsibirin, wanda ya rage nasarar kiwo. Kuma girma a cikin albatrosses yana da saurin hawa: tsuntsayen sukan yi kiwo a duk shekara biyu kuma suna kwan kwai ɗaya kacal. An dauki fiye da shekaru 15 don dawo da yawan jama'a; tun daga farkon shekarun 2000, yawancinta ya ci gaba da kasancewa a ko sama da yadda ya kamata - kusan tsuntsaye dubu 16, wadanda kusan dubu 11 ke cikin kiwo. Idan aka kwatanta, yawan birrai mafi yawancin albatross - masu goyan bayan duhu (Phoebastria immutabilis) - suna da sama da rabin miliyan nau'i. Amma ko da adadinsu yanzu, alas, yana raguwa.

Babban digiri na aikin mutum zai iya ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar sabon nau'in halitta. Mai yiyuwa ne ta kasance ta taka rawa wajen yanke hukunci game da rabuwa da Chatham albatross da kuma wasu nau'ikan kusan guda biyu - farin da aka fi sani da albatross da kuma albatross na albatross. Wadannan nau'ikan sun fi sa'ar Chatham albatross: yawan jama'arsu ya ninka mafi yawa, kuma an san dauloli da yawa don kowane daya. Har izuwa yanzu, dukkanin nau'ikan ukun sun kasance masu kama da juna wanda har zuwa kwanan nan an dauke su rabe-rabe, amma, binciken DNA ya tabbatar da matsayin tsaran jinsunan kowane ɗayan nau'ikan, kodayake sun sami wannan ne lokacin da suka gabata.

Yan mulkin mallaka na “wucin gadi” na Chatham albatrosses a kan wani yanki mai kariya na tsibirin Chatham. Kajin na Downy ya tashi daga mazaunin zuwa tsibirin Pyramid yana dab da irin nau'in tsuntsayen manya, wanda ke ba da gudummawa wajen kamannin ire-irensu. Hoto daga taiko.org.nz

Yau, canjin yanayi na duniya yana shirya sabon gwaje-gwaje ga tsuntsayen bakin teku: musamman, yanzu akwai karuwar hadari da yawa. Kari akan haka, yankuna na gabar teku sukan sha wahala daga beraye da sauran kayan dabbobi da mutane suka gabatar, haka kuma daga tarin kwai ba bisa ka'ida ba. Don kare albatross na Chatham, masu rajin kare lafiyar New Zealand, waɗanda Taiko Trust suka haɗa kai, sunyi aikin titanic da gaske. Tunda albatrosses basa son su zauna kansu, sai suka kirkiro da sabon yankin da zai iya zama a wucin gadi.

A yayin babban aikin Canjin Albatross, an canza karen kaji sama da 300 na Chatham albatross zuwa wani yanki mai kariya da ke kusa da tsibirin yamma na tsibirin Chatham, mafi girma daga tsibirin tsibiri. Anan ne ake buƙatar tukwane na fure - sun yi kwaikwayon ɗabi'ar zaitunan albatross.

Lastarshe na Chatanyen Chatham albatross da aka kora a cikin wani sabon yanki a tsibirin Chatham, jim kaɗan kafin tashi daga gida. A bango shine samfurin tsuntsu mai girma. Hoto daga taiko.org.nz

Bayan jigilar kayayyaki, daukacin sojojin sa kai sun ciyar da kajin tare da cakuda kifi da squid. A cikin shekaru biyar na aikin - daga 2014 zuwa 2018 - kajin sun buƙaci abinci sama da tan 18! Kuma a watan Afrilun 2018, albatross na ƙarshe ya bar gidan sa na wucin gadi. A shekara mai zuwa, tsuntsaye na shekaru shida, da sun tuna da wurin sabon yankin, zasu iya komawa da fara rayuwa a zahiri. An gwada nasarar wannan hanyar sake saita hanyar akan sauran nau'ikan albatrosses.

Akwai haɗari da yawa da ke jiran albatross akan doguwar tafiya. Kamar sauran tekuna, albatrosses tare da son rakiyar kifayen kamun kifi, suna cin abincin da aka jefa a cikin teku. Yawancin lokaci sukan mutu ne sakamakon afkawa cikin kamun kifayen (duba Gillnetting) ko kuma ƙugiya da ƙugiya don ƙoshin kamun kifi (duba kuma Longline kamun kifi). Gyare-gyaren wannan hanyar kamun kifi na taimaka wajan rage lahanta - na’urori masu raɗaɗi, masu laifi na musamman waɗanda ke narkar da zurfin zuwa ga tsuntsaye, da kuma kamun kifi a cikin duhu lokacin da tsuntsaye ba su aiki. Abin baƙin ciki, har yanzu ba a aiwatar da waɗannan matakan ko'ina ba, kuma sama da 8,000 albatrosses, da kuma sauran ruwan teku da kunkuru, suna mutuwa kowace shekara sakamakon kamun kifi na dogon lokaci.

Albatrosses ma suna da abokan gaba na halitta - kisa kifi, kifin kifi, zakuna teku da damisa. Albatrosses suna cikin hadarin gaske a farkon shekarun rayuwa: a matsakaita, tsuntsaye 10-20% ne kawai suke tsira zuwa balaga. A cikin tsuntsaye manya, mace-mace a karkashin yanayin ƙanƙanuwa ta yi dan ƙarami ne, kuma tsawon rai na albatrosses ya kai shekaru 50 har ma fiye da haka - wannan yana ramar jinkirin lokacin haifuwa. Tare da fatan, kokarin kiyayewa zai taimaka wa kungiyar Chatham albatross ta tashi daga mummunan layin da dangin sa da yawa ke kusa da su.

An kawo shi cikin zauren kuma sanya shi a gaban kyamarar. Wanda aka gan shi dodo, ya juya, baya da tsayi. Da kuma yadda yake ƙoƙarin magana da alkalin. Wannan shine Branton Tarrant na Australiya. Tsohon, wanda dan asalin ajin ma'aikata ne, farar fata mutum ne - wannan shi ne yadda ya yi maganar kansa.

Maris 15, 13:30. Tarrant yana fara watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye. A farko, waƙar Serbian na lokutan yaƙin Yugoslavia suna jin kararrakin, tuni maƙarƙashin gurneti na Burtaniya ya kasance a gaban masallacin. A wannan lokacin, wadanda suka hada shi, wadanda kuma yanzu haka suna tsare, sun harbe wani masallaci.

Minti biyar - 50 suka mutu. Yin pant, shin da gaske an firgita ne? Amma, zaune a bayan dabaran, zai yi bayanin sa ta wannan hanyar: "Na kasance mai matukar damuwa, babu wata hanyar da zan iya yin manufa ta yau da kullun, akwai wasu maƙasudi da yawa." Kuma ci gaba da harba daga motar. Har 'yan sanda sun je wurin ragon kuma suka sa masa fuska a kan kwalta. A cikin akwati zai sami na'urorin fashewa masu fashewa.

Shots da kururuwa daga garin shiru daga Christchurch za su ba da mamaki a New Zealand, kuma bayan shi duk duniya. Wanene Brenton Tarrant? Wannan tambayar zata kai ga sunan wani dan ta'adda - Anders Breivik.

Breivik ya kashe wadanda suka ba da sanarwar bude kasar ga bakin haure. Tarrant ya kai hari masallacin. Kuma daidaici suna farawa. Tarrant ya buga wani bayanin a yanar gizo, kamar dai Breivik shekaru takwas da suka gabata. Shafuka 74 daga Ostiraliya - wannan shine 20 sau ƙasa da na Yaren mutanen Norway. Amma kalmomin akwai iri ɗaya: kisan kai na al'adu, kisan kare dangi, da sauransu, wanda, a ra'ayin duka 'yan ta'adda, yanzu yana faruwa tare da wayewar yamma. Ya rubuta cewa duk wannan don rayuwar mutanenmu ne da kuma makomar fararen yara.

Tarrant yayi hira da kansa a cikin rubutun - Breivik yayi amfani da wannan tsari. A cikin sakon, ya amsa tambaya: me yasa ya yanke hukuncin kai hari kan masallatai a New Zealand, inda musulmai suke da kashi kadan?

Brenton tarrant"Harin a New Zealand zai ja hankali game da kai hari kan wayewarmu da kuma inda ba shi da wani hadari a duniya."

Yanzu kuma ga sashin nishaɗi. "Na yi ɗan gajeren hira da Breivik. Ya albarkaci aikina bayan na tuntubi mutanensa, ”Tarrant ya rubuta.

Lokacin da aka gwada Breivik, ya bayar da hujja: a bayansa shine asirin kungiyar kare hakkin 'sabon Templars.' Ko da ya yi ƙarya, da alama ya sami damar daukar novice tun daga kurkuku.

Geir Lippestad, tsohon lauyan Breivik: “Na karɓi fakiti cike da lemo da haruffa masu ban mamaki. Wannan ba nawa bane, amma ga Breivik ne daga abokan sa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. ”

Amma shin zai yiwu cewa babu wanda ya bincika abin da ke cikin waɗannan wasiƙun kuma harin ta’addanci a New Zealand ma mummunan asara ne na ayyukan musamman na Yaren mutanen Norway?

Akwai yanke shawara guda biyu, duka biyun sune banal. Na farko: yan ta'adda da gaske basu da asalin kasa kuma suna iya yin addu'a ga ababen bauta daban-daban. Na biyu kuma: duniyarmu da gaske tana kama da gidan gilashin daƙasasshe wanda ba za ku jefa jifa a maƙwabcinku ba. Ga wanene, a ina kuma idan amsar zata biyo bayan harbin da aka yi a cikin Christchurch, yanzu babu wanda yayi alƙawarin hasashen.