Deer de de Turai, ko deer (lat. Capreolus capreolus) shine mafi yawan gama gari da ƙaramin wakilin dangin Cervidae a Turai. Wannan dabba ce mai tsananin kulawa da jin tsoro, don haka ne ma masan ilimin tarihi suka ɗauke shi a matsayin abin farauta. Farauta da karnuka abu ne mai wuya.

Talakawa 'yan asalin Turai sun sami' yancin su harbe shi kawai a rabi na biyu na karni na 19. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya zama babban abin farin ciki ga mafarautan talakawa.

A shekara ta 1923, marubucin Austrian Felix Salten ya rubuta littafin Bambi. Tarihi daga dazuzzukan '' game da rayuwar deer deer. A cikin 1942, Walt Disney ya kammala aikin fim din Bambi, wanda saboda dalilai na siyasa ne, mai yin zanga-zangar ya zama farar fata mai fararen fata (Odocoileus virginianus), wanda ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka kuma ya shahara sosai ga masu sauraron Amurkawa.

Yaɗa

Mazaunin ƙasar yana kusa da kusan duk Turai da kuma Asiaasan Asiya Minaramar. Ba a samun dilolin Turai a Sicily da tsibiran da ke yammacin Bahar Rum. A Girka, an kiyaye adadin jama'arta ne kawai a cikin Gidajen Olympus na Kasa, a kan Tsibirin Chalkidon da tsibiran da ke kusa da ita.

A cikin Asiya, roe yana zaune a Isra'ila, Iran, arewacin Siriya da Iraki. Yankin gabashin gabashin iyakar yana ratsa tsakiyar tsakiyar Ukraine da kuma yankunan yammacin Rasha. A arewa, kewayon yana iyakance ga 65 ° arewa maso gabas.

Makariyar Turai tayi zama a cikin dajin farin ciki, gefuna da bayan gandun daji, a cikin wuraren bude gandun daji, deltas da ambaliyar ruwan koguna waɗanda suka juya zuwa wuraren daji. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, suna kara bayyana a kan filayen noma. A cikin tsaunika, ana lura da kewaye a kan iyakar gandun daji da makiyaya mai tsayi a tsawan tsawan zuwa 2400 m sama da matakin teku.

An kiyasta jimlar yawan mutane miliyan 15.

A halin yanzu, sanannun biyan 5 an san su. Roe 'yar'uwar' yar'uwar Siberian dee ce (Capreolus pygargus).

Halayyar

Makiyan Turai daga ƙarshen kaka zuwa bazara suna zaune a cikin garken mutane da dama a ƙarƙashin jagorancin macen da ta ƙware. A ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, sun fara faɗuwa cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.

Maza da suka manyanta suna zaune shi kaɗai kuma suna haɗuwa da gungun mata kawai yayin taruwa. Su ne yankuna kuma suna kare filayensu daga mamayewa daga danginsu. Iyakokin yankin da aka mamaye suna da alama tare da fitsari da kuma ɓoyayyen gland mai ƙanshi waɗanda ke fuskar fuska. Yankin sa na iya kaiwa kadada 35.

Dabbobi suna da haɓaka mai ji sosai. Suna amsawa ga rustlings na shakatawa a nesa zuwa 800 m.

Sanin ɗan ƙaramin haɗari a cikin sararin samaniya, roe da sauri gudu zuwa 400-500 m. Da gudu, suna haɓaka saurin har zuwa kilomita 60 / h. A kan gudu, suna yin tsalle-tsalle na wucin gadi har zuwa 5-7 a tsayi kuma har zuwa 2 m tsawo.

Yawan aiki yana faruwa a safiya da yamma. Ga wannan nau'in, yanayin halayen yau da kullun halaye ne. Dabbobi suna samun makiyaya, abinci da hutawa na tsawon awanni 2-3. Sannan, ana sake maimaita yanayin aiki. Ana bata lokaci mai yawa akan hutawa da cin abincin. Ya danganta da yanayin yanayi da yanayi, sake zagayowar yana canzawa koyaushe.

Makariyar Turai ta yi iyo sosai kuma tana iya, idan ya cancanta, ƙetare ƙananan koguna da tafkuna.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer

Capreolus Capreolus yana cikin tsarin Artiodactyls, Reindeer iyali, subfamily Roe. Haɗaɗɗun tsibiri na Turai suna haɗuwa cikin ƙasa guda ɗaya tare da Amurka da sier na gaske. Akwai nau'ikan halittun biyu masu wannan wannan ƙasa a kan yankin na Tarayyar Rasha: deer deer da deerian dee. Na farko shi ne mafi ƙarancin wakilcin nau'in.

Kalmar da kanta ta fito ne daga kalmar Latin ta capra - akuya. Saboda haka, sunan na biyu na barewa a cikin mutane shine akuya daji. Saboda yawan mazauninta, bareyin Turai yana da rassa iri-iri wanda ke zaune a sassa daban-daban na Turai: wata ƙungiya ce a Italiya da kuma wata ƙungiya a Kudancin Spain, da kuma manyan kwari a cikin Caucasus.

Bidiyo: Roe Deer na Turai

Yankin kafa tarihi na deer deer da aka kafa a zamanin Neogene. Kowane ɗayan da ke kusa da nau'in zamani ya cika ƙasashe na yammacin yamma da tsakiyar Turai, da kuma wasu ɓangarori na Asiya. A zamanin Quaternary da narkewar dusar kankara, artiodactyls ya ci gaba da bunkasa sabbin wurare har ya kai ga Scandinavia da Itace Rasha.

Har zuwa karni na sha tara, mazaunin ya kasance iri ɗaya ne. Sakamakon babban kamun kifi, adadin nau'in halitta ya fara raguwa, kuma kewayon, bi da bi, kuma yana samar da ƙauyukan keɓewa. A cikin shekarun 60s zuwa 80 na karni na 20, saboda tsauraran matakan kariya, adadin bareyin ya fara yin girma.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer

Roe deer ƙaramin barewa ne, nauyin mutum mai jima'i (namiji) ya kai 32 kg, girma har zuwa 127 cm, a ƙ theƙasassun har zuwa 82 cm (dangane da tsayin jiki, yana ɗaukar 3/5). Kamar jinsin dabbobi da yawa, mace tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da maza. Sun bambanta ba da dogon tsoka ba, wanda baya wanda ya fi gaban gaba. Kunnuwa suna elongated, nuna.

Wutsiya ƙanana ce, har zuwa 3 cm tsayi, galibi ba a ganuwa daga ƙarƙashin Jawo. A ƙarƙashin wutsiya akwai diskin caudal ko "madubi", haske ne, yawanci fari ne. Wuri mai haske yana taimakawa barewa a daidai lokacin da ake cikin hatsari, kasancewa nau'i ne na kararrawa ga sauran garken.

Launin launi na gashi ya dogara da kakar. A cikin hunturu ya yi duhu - waɗannan launuka ne daga launin toka-toka da launin ruwan ƙasa. A lokacin rani, launi yana haskakawa zuwa haske mai haske ja da launin shuɗi. Yawan jikin mutum da na kansa ba ya bambanta. Canza launi na wasu mutane da suka manyanta iri daya ne kuma bai banbanta ta hanyar jima'i.

Hanyoyin launin baƙi ne, mai kaifi a ƙarshen a gaban. A kowace kafa, nau'i biyu na hooves (daidai da sunan naúrar). Hanyoyin wakilan mata na jinsin suna sanye take da glandon na musamman. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, sun fara haskaka wani sirri na musamman wanda ke sanar da namiji game da farkon farawa.

Maza kawai suna da ƙaho. Sun kai cm 30 a tsayi, tare da tsawonta har zuwa 15 cm, kusa da juna a gindi, yawanci a goge yake kamar lanre, wanda aka saƙa. Nahohi suna fitowa a cikin sanduna har zuwa watan huɗu na haihuwa, kuma zai cika gabaɗaya tun yana da shekara uku. Mata basa da kaho.

Kowane hunturu (daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba), deer yakan kaho. Za su yi girma ne kawai a lokacin bazara (har zuwa ƙarshen Mayu). A wannan lokacin, mazan suna rub againstta musu bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi. Don haka, suna alamar yankin su kuma a lokaci guda suna share ragowar fata daga ƙaho.

A cikin wasu mutane, ƙahoni suna da tsari mara kyau. Ba a sakaya su, kamar kaho akuya, kowane ƙaho yana hawa kai tsaye. Irin waɗannan maza suna haifar da haɗari ga sauran wakilan jinsunan. Lokacin yin takara don ƙasa, irin wannan ƙaho zai iya harbi abokin gaba kuma ya haifar da mummunar rauni.

A ina ne barewar Turai take zama?

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer

Capreolus сapreolus yana zaune a yankuna na yawancin Turai, Rasha (Caucasus), da kuma kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya:

Wannan nau'in barewa yana zaɓar yankuna masu wadataccen ciyawa, gandun daji mai haske, canjin waje da karkarar dajin mai yawa. Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu dumbin yawa ko gauraye, da dazuzzukan daji. A cikin gandun daji coniferous za'a iya samunsu a gaban yanayin nau'in nau'in mayuka. Tana shiga bangarorin da ke tafe da igiya. Amma a cikin yanki na ainihin tsummoki da kwararowar hamada ba ta rayuwa.

Mafi yawan lokuta ana samun nisan mil 200-600 a saman teku, amma ana samunsa a wasu lokatai a tsaunuka (makiyaya mai tsayi). Roe deer za'a iya samun shi kusa da mazaunin ɗan Adam akan ƙasar noma, amma a waɗancan wuraren kawai akwai kurmi kusa. A nan zaku iya samun mafaka idan akwai haɗari kuma ku shakata.

Matsakaicin yawan dabbobi a cikin mazauninsu yana ƙaruwa daga arewa zuwa kudu, yana ƙaruwa a cikin yanki na gandun daji. Lokacin zabar wani wuri, roe deer ya dogara ne akan wadatar abinci da nau'ikan abinci, da kuma wuraren da zasu ɓoye. Gaskiya ne game da filayen bude fili da shirye-shiryen ra'ayoyi waɗanda ke kusa da ƙauyukan ɗan adam.

Menene 'yan Turai suke ci?

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer a Yanayi

Yayin rana, ayyukan artiodactyls sun bambanta. Lokaci na motsi da kuma neman abinci ana maye gurbinsu da lokutan cin abincin da aka samu da kuma hutu. Ana ɗaukar saurin yau da kullun da motsi na rana. Ana ganin aikin mafi girma da safe da maraice.

Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri da halaye da salon rayuwar barewa:

• yanayin rayuwa
• aminci,
• kusanci ga wuraren zama na mutane,
• lokacin,
• tsawon lokaci a lokacin rana.

Roer deer yawanci suna aiki dare da bazara, kuma a cikin hunturu da safe. Amma idan kasancewar mutum a kusa zai zama abin hannu, dabbobin za su fita don ciyar da maraice da kuma da dare. Cin da abin taunawa ya mamaye kusan tashe tashen hankula (har zuwa awanni 16 a rana).

A ranakun rani mai zafi, yawan abincin da aka ci yana raguwa, kuma a ranakun ruwa da ranakun sanyi, akasin haka, yana ƙaruwa. A cikin kaka, dabba tana yin shiri don hunturu, samun nauyi da adana abubuwan gina jiki. Abincin ya hada da ciyawa, namomin kaza da berries, acorns. A cikin hunturu, busassun ganye da rassan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.

Sakamakon karancin abinci, a cikin watanni na sanyi, tsarin bewa ya kusanci gidaje da filayen mutum don neman ragowar amfanin gona da ya rage bayan girbi. Da wuya su ci tsire-tsire da kanta, yawanci suna ciji a kowane bangare. Ana samun ruwa sosai musamman daga abincin shuka da murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Wani lokacin sukan sha ruwa daga tushe - don samun ma'adanai.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer

Baƙin Turai wata dabba ce ta dabbobi, amma ba koyaushe ake bayyana garken ta ba. Bisa ga dabi'arsu, deer ya fi son kasancewa shi kaɗai ko a ƙaramin rukuni. A cikin lokacin hunturu, deer yakan taru a rukuni ya ƙaura zuwa wurare masu dusar ƙanƙara. A lokacin rani, ƙaura zata sake komawa zuwa wuraren kiwo mai daɗi, sannan garken ya watse.

A cikin Turai, deer ba a ƙarƙashin juyawa, amma ƙaura a tsaye yana faruwa a cikin tsaunuka. A wasu yankuna na Rasha, nisan da mutanen garin sun kai kilomita 200. A cikin lokacin dumama, mutane suna kasancewa cikin ƙaramin rukuni: mace tare da 'yan sanduna, ba ta guda ɗaya, wani lokacin cikin gungun mutane har uku.

A lokacin bazara, mazan da suka manyanta suka fara gwagwarmayar neman yankin, kuma da zarar sun fitar da mai yin gasa, hakan ba yana nufin mallake yankin har abada ba. Idan ƙasa tana cikin yanayi mai kyau, ikirarin masu fafatawa zai ci gaba. Don haka, maza maza su kāre yankinsu da ƙarfi, yi masa alama tare da asiri na musamman.

Rukunin wuraren mata ba su da rabuwa, basu da niyyar kare yankin kamar maza. A ƙarshen kaka, bayan ƙarshen lokacin mating, har zuwa gungumen azaba 30 ake harhada. A yayin ƙaura, yawan garken yana ƙaruwa sau 3-4. A ƙarshen ƙaura, garken ya watse, wannan yana faruwa a tsakiyar bazara, kafin haihuwar matasa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer

A tsakiyar lokacin bazara (Yuli-Agusta), maɗaukaki na Turai ya fara lokacin daskarewa (gon). Yaron ya kai ga balaga a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu na rayuwa, mace a wasu lokutan ma a baya (a cikin na biyu). A wannan lokacin, maza suna nuna hali mai ƙarfi, suna nuna ƙasa, suna matuƙar farin ciki, suna yin sautin “haushi”.

Sau da yawa ana gwagwarmaya don kare ƙasa kuma mace yakan zama mai cutar da abokin hamayyarsa. Kasuwancin Roe suna da tsarin yanki - suna ɗayan ɗayan wuraren, zasu dawo nan shekara mai zuwa. Yankin namiji ya haɗa da ɓangarori da yawa don lokacin haihuwa, mata sun hadu da shi sun zo dashi.

Reindeer yana da yawaitan mace kuma yawanci suna yin mace ɗaya, namiji yana zuwa wata. Yayin saduwar maza, mazan suna yin zalunci ba kawai ga maza ba, har ma da akasin haka. Waɗannan sune abubuwan da ake kira wasanni na mating, lokacin da namiji ya motsa mace tare da halayyar sa.

Tsawon cikin mahaifa na ciki shine watanni 9. Koyaya, an rarrabashi cikin latent: bayan murkushewa, kwai ba ya inganta watanni 4.5, da lokacin haɓaka (daga Disamba zuwa Mayu). Wasu matan da ba sa ma'aurata da rani ana hadi su a watan Disamba. A cikin waɗannan mutane, lokacin latent ba ya nan kuma ci gaban tayin zai fara nan da nan.

Cutar ciki tayi tsawon watanni 5.5. Femaleaya mace tana ɗaukar saya 2 a kowace shekara, matasa -1, tsofaffi na iya yin 3-4a 3-4an 3-4. Jariri bareyin ba su da taimako, suna kwance a ciyawa kuma idan suna cikin haɗarin kar su faɗa. Sun fara kula da mahaifiyarsu sati daya bayan haihuwa. Matar tana ciyar da zuriya tare da madara har zuwa watanni 3 da haihuwa.

Yara suna koyo da sauri kuma bayan sun fara tafiya, sannu a hankali suna fahimtar sabon abinci - ciyawa. Lokacin da yake wata daya, rabin abincinsu tsirrai ne. Lokacin haihuwa, bareyi suna da launi mai launi, wanda a farkon kaka an maye gurbinsa da launi na manya.

Dabbobi suna sadarwa da juna ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

• wari: sebaceous da gland gland, tare da taimakon su maza alamar ƙasa,
• sautuka: maza suna yin takamaiman sautuna a lokacin lokacin dabbar, kama da haushi. Mutuwar da thean sandunan ke fitarwa yayin da yake cikin haɗari,
• motsawar jiki. Tabbatattun wurare da dabba ta mallaka yayin haɗari.

Abokan gaba na makiyaya Turai

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer

Babban hatsarin da ke kawo barewa cikin yanayi shine magabatansu. Mafi yawan karnuka, bears mai launin ruwan kasa, karnuka masu yaudara. Artiodactyls sun fi fuskantar hadari a cikin hunturu, musamman ma a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara. Nast ta faɗi ƙarƙashin nauyin deer kuma da sauri ta gaji, amma kyarkeci yana saman dusar ƙanƙara kuma tayi saurin kwashe ganima.

Matasa galibi sukan fada ganima da dawakai, lynxes, martens. Kasancewa a cikin rukuni, roe deer yana da babban damar kada mahara su kama su. Lokacin da dabba guda ta nuna ƙararrawa, sauran suna firgita kuma sun taru wuri ɗaya. Idan wata dabba ta gudu, tokarta “madubi” zata zama a bayyane, wacce sauran mutane suke jagorarta.

Lokacin da gudu, deer yakan iya tsalle zuwa 7 m a tsayi, kuma 2 m a tsayi a cikin sauri na 60 km / h. Gudun barewar ba shi da tsayi, yana wuce mil 400 a wani wurin buɗe ido kuma 100 m a cikin gandun daji, sun fara gudu a cikin da'irori, masu kama da dabbobin. A musamman lokacin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara, dabbobi ba sa samun abinci kuma suna mutuwa saboda yunwar.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Turai Roe Deer

A zamanin yau, deer de Turai sune keɓaɓɓun hanyoyin haɗari na lalata? An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar matakan da aka ɗauka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don kare jinsin. Yawan jama'a basa wuce dabbobi 25-40 a kowace 1000 ha. Sakamakon girman sahihancin, yana iya mayar da lambarta kanta, sabili da haka, yana jin daɗin ƙaruwa.

Capreolus Capreolus shine mafi yawan nau'ikan da aka daidaita, daga duka gidan Deer, zuwa canje-canje na anthropogenic. Gashin daji, haɓakawa ga yankin ƙasar noma, yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar dabi'a a yawan jama'a. A dangane da halittar yanayi mai kyau don kasancewarsu.

A kan yankin Turai da Russia, yawan jama'a ya yi yawa, amma a wasu ƙasashe na Gabas ta Tsakiya (Siriya) yawan jama'a yana da ƙarami kuma yana buƙatar kariya. A tsibirin Sicily, har ma da Isra’ila da Labanon, wannan nau’in ya ƙare. A dabi'a, matsakaicin rayuwar mutum shine shekaru 12. A cikin yanayin wucin gadi, artiodactyls zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 19.

Tare da haɓaka mai saurin wucewa, yawan jama'a yana daidaita kansa. A cikin wuraren da mashigar rowa ta cika su, sun fi yin rashin lafiya sau da yawa. Saboda girman su da yalwar su, a tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan gidan barewa suna da mahimmancin kasuwanci. Ana yin fata daga fata, nama babban abinci ne mai kalori.

Roi deer - karamin deer mai falala, wanda aka sani da nau'in kasuwanci. A yanayi, yawanta yana da yawa. Tare da babban garken garken a cikin karamin yanki, zai iya haifar da mummunar illa ga sararin kore da amfanin gona.Yana da ƙimar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci (saboda yalwar yawa) kuma yana ado da ra'ayinta tare da dabbobin daji.

Sauran abubuwan bayarwa:

Klubin Kasar "

Cibiyar nishaɗi "Prirechnoe"

Kari na Kasar "Luck"

Kifi mai kamun kifi "Volga Coast"

Kifi Fishing "Fairy Tale"

Village Holiday "Windrose"

Kifi mai tushe "kwari"

Village Holiday "Laguna"

Village Holiday "Sunflower"

Village Holiday "Glade"

Village Holiday "Oriole"

Cibiyar nishaɗar "Kasuwancin Gwal"

Garkunan kamun kifi da kulab na yankin Saratov

Cibiyar nishaɗin "Kunnuwa Hare"

Fishing "On Kalinikha"

Cibiyar nishaɗi Chardym-Dubrava

Vershinin Farut Farm

Cibiyar nishaɗin "Expanse"

Village Holiday "Hut"

Cibiyar nishaɗin "Manor" Mountain Air "

Cibiyar nishaɗar "Karfe"

Gidan kifi "Foreland"

Farauta farauta "Big Tavolozhka"

Kasar Berezina Rechka

Village Holiday "Gidan Ginin"

Dabbobi na yankin Saratov

Dabbobin daji, deer, barewa ko barewa (lat. Capreolus capreolus) dabba ce mai kazanta daga zuriyar barewa. Dearamin ƙauna mai ƙyalƙyali tare da ɗan gajeru kaɗan na jiki, baya wanda ya fi kauri da girma fiye da na gaba. Girman jikin mutum shine kilo 22-32, tsayin jikinsa shine 108-126 cm, tsayinsa a zaitun shine 66-81 cm (3/5 na jimlar jiki). Mata suna da ɗan ƙarami, amma a ƙayyadadden halayen jima'i ke nuna rauni. A farkon rabin karni na 20, magudanar ruwa ta Turai ta mamaye ko'ina cikin yammacin yankin Saratov; an samo ta ne a yankin Volga tare da kwarin kogin da kuma dasa bishiyoyi. Daga baya, a tsakiyar karni na karshe, an bullo da Siberian roe C. pygargus cikin gonaki da yawa na farauta, wadanda suka sami nasarar farawa kuma suka fara kiwo. Dirin barewa na Turai ya bambanta da Siberian ɗaya a girman: yana da ƙarami. Dukkan jinsunan suna amfani da gida guda, suna da buƙatun muhalli iri ɗaya, amma mafi ƙarfi, mafi girma kuma mafi filastik filastar Siberian deer da sauri maye gurbin Turai ta maza daga biotopes mazauninsu. Tun daga shekarun 1970, rarar deer na Turai da ke yankin ta ragu sosai.

Cikakken bayanai game da rarraba deer deer na Turai ba ya wadatar, tunda a mafi yawancin lokuta yana da wahalar bambance jinsin biyu da juna ta hanyar alamun waje, ba a san wurin da barewar Turai take ba. A yammacin yankin, a cikin shekaru 12-15 da suka gabata, an rubuta abubuwan da suka faru da mahaukacin Turai a cikin gandunan Khvalynsky, Bazarno-Karabulaksky, Baltaysky, Yekaterinovsky, Volsky, da Voskresensky. An lura da shi a cikin dazuzzukan kurmi na kogin Medveditsa (gundumar Atkarsky da Lysogorsky), Khopra (Rtishchevsky, Arkadaksky, Turkovsky), Volga (Marksovsky, Engelsky, Voskresensky gundumar). A yankin Volga, ba a cika samun rogo barewa a cikin gandunan kwarin Bolshoi Irgiz kusa da kan iyaka da yankin Samara, a cikin gandun daji na jihar a cikin Kamenny Syrt kuma a kudu.

An jera jinsunan a cikin Littafin Layi na Saratov. Matsayin Kariya: 4 - ƙwararrun ne, ƙananan, marasa zurfin karatu waɗanda ba a san yawan ƙarfin rayuwarsu ba. Ba a yi nazarin yawan nau'in jinsin da kuzarinsa a yankin Saratov ba. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, yawan nau'ukan barewa ya yi ta sau 2-4.5, amma, ba za a iya tantance yawan kowane nau'in ba. Saukad da lambobi na faruwa ne ta hanyar kamun kifi, da yawaitar farauta, da kuma aiwatar da matakan dabarun ilimin halittu. Hakanan ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar haɓaka da adadin karnukan karnuka da karnuka masu yawo da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, lokacin da mutane suka raunana suka mutu daga marasa ƙarfi.

Wutsiyar tana da hankali har zuwa 3 cm tsayi, kusan ba'a iya gani ba, tana ɓoye a cikin ulu na "madubi". Shugaban awakin daji yayi gajeru, yana goge hanci. Haka kuma, yana da fadi da kuma girma a cikin yankin ido. A kan deer deer akwai kunnuwa masu kaifin baki, tsawonsu wanda bai wuce cm 12-14 ba idanun waɗannan dabbobin suna da girma, kuma ɗalibai suna yin saiti. Roer deer zai iya motsawa da sauri akan ƙasa mai laushi saboda ƙafafunsu na tsayi da na bakin ciki, ƙafafun gaba suna da ƙarancin matsayi fiye da na baya, saboda wanda baya ya ɗan karkata zuwa gaba kuma sacrum ɗin ya fi kusan 3 cm sama da maɓallin.

A gashin awaki na daji ya dogara da kakar da shekaru. Kidsaramin yara an lullube su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da farin aibobi. Sutturar balagaggiyar barewa na iya bambanta daga launi mai duhu mai duhu lokacin bazara zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi da fari a cikin hunturu. Murfin hunturu ya ƙunshi gashi mai kauri 5-5.5 cm mai tsayi tare da yawan cavik ɗin iska, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga riƙewar zafi. Maza kawai kawai suna da kaho, ko da yake sun kasance ƙanana kuma yawanci ba su wuce 30 cm ba ga tsawo. Kowane ƙaho yana da matakai guda 3: tsakiyar yana jagorantar gaba, kuma 2 sama. Akwai ƙaho waɗanda ke farawa tun watanni 4 da haihuwa, kuma gabaɗa gabaɗaya ne kawai a shekara ta 3. Ana murƙushe Horns kowace shekara a Oktoba - Disamba, na farko da tsofaffin maza, sannan yara. Sabbin kaho sun fara dawowa bayan tsawan wata daya. Mahon tsoffin mazaje sun isa cikakke tun daga Maris - Afrilu, a cikin Afrilu - Mayu, ƙahonin sun lalace gaba ɗaya, maza kuma suna shafawa a jikin sassan jikin rassan bishiyoyi, yana tsarkake ragowar fata.

Akwai glandin-gwaje-gwaje na ciki, glandar metatarsal suna da kyau, ana rarrabe su saboda launin duhu na gashi da ke saman su, glandar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da wuyar ganewa - ƙananan ƙananan tsiran fata ne kaɗai suka ragu daga gare su. A lokacin bazara da bazara, a cikin maza, gabobin sebaceous da gumi na fatar kai da wuya suna ƙaruwa sosai, da taimakon mazannin maza na ɓoye alama. Daga cikin hankali, mafi kyawun yanayin warin da yake ji. Fatin zaitun na roe ya wuce 90 cm2 (a cikin mutane kawai 2.5 cm2), yawan adadin sel mai miliyan 300 ne (cikin mutane kusan miliyan 30).

Ya fi son, a matsayin mafi yawan wuraren kiwo, wuraren dazuzzukan daji ke da rauni, tare da ƙaramar bishiyun ƙasa da kewayen makiyaya da filaye, ko (a lokacin rani) ciyayi mai tsayi da ciyawa tare da shukoki. Ana samo shi a lamunin rani, a cikin dazuzzukan ruwa, kan share wurare da wuraren da aka kone, a cikin tsaunukan kwari da kuma kwarara. Yana guje wa ci gaba da gandun daji, yana kiyaye gefuna da waje. Yana ratsa cikin yankuna masu tsabta ta hanyar beltsin gandun daji.

Roer deer shine mafi yawan nau'in bareyin. Matan da suka manyanta suna kawo kazanta biyu a kowace shekara, suna ciyar da su madara har sai sun kusan watanni shida da haihuwa kuma barin shi kawai lokacin da suke shirin sake zama mahaifiya. Yaran dabbobi ba su cika shekara 1.5 ba suna shiga kiwo kuma yana da shekaru 2 suna kawo zuriyarsu ta fari, yawanci ya kunshi barewa daya. Ba kasafai yake ainun ba idan har aka sami rubutattun lokuta idan tsoffin mata suka shigo da yara uku ko huɗu.

An tabbatar da cewa mahaifa na Turai suna da lokutan aiki guda biyu: babba - a watan Agusta da ƙari - a watan Disamba - Janairu. A lokacin na biyu, matan suna yin tarayya da juna wanda ko wane dalili ne, tsarin hadi bai gudana ba. A cikin irin wannan barewa, lokacin cikin ciki ya rage zuwa watanni 5 kuma suna haihuwar zuriya a lokutan al'ada. Deauren barewar namiji ne yake da damar hadi daga Mayu zuwa Janairu.

Gano mace cikin zafin rana ta wari, bunsurun ya kori 'yan maruƙa daga ita. Roer ba ya yin nau'i-nau'i masu ƙarfi yayin tafiya, amma ba su da kayan hatsi kamar na barewa. A cikin barewar mata, estrus ya wuce da sauri, cikin kwanaki 4 - 5. Bayan an gama karewa, mazan suna barin mace suna rushwa suna neman wata. Matar tana neman calan maruƙan da ta bari kuma tana tare da su har zuwa zuriyar shekara mai zuwa. Yawancin lokaci mafiya yawan mazaje masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, waɗanda ake kira da rinjaye, suna rufe yawancin mata. An keta wannan halin a yankuna masu ƙarancin deer ko inda mata suka yawaita a yawan jama'a.

Bayan ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, wasu mazan suna zama tare da mace kuma vesan marayu suna tare da su. Irin waɗannan rukunin deer daga mutum uku zuwa huɗu ana samun su galibi a cikin hunturu.

Yanayin kasancewar deer a cikin haihuwa, da kuma yawan animalsa animalsan dabbobi a cikin zuriyarsu sun dogara da yanayin zama, kuma akasari kan amfanin abinci da yalwar sa. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, mace tana haila biyu da barewa kowace shekara, kodayake a farkon haihuwa yawanci sukan haihu ɗaya.

Roe 'yan maruƙa suna bayyana tare da farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da isasshen abincin ya isa ga uwa. Madara Roe deer yana da abinci mai gina jiki, yana dauke da sunadarai da yawa, mai, sukari da sauran abubuwan da suka wajaba don haɓaka jikin mutum. Yawan 'yan maruƙa yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri.

Ci gaban 'yan maruƙa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, da kuma yawan ofan maruƙa. Ciyar da madara tana daɗewa, kuma idan deer yana da ɗan maraƙi ɗaya, to, yana karɓar abinci mai yawa kuma yana haɓaka da sauri. Sabili da haka, wani lokacin yana da wuya a rarrabe girman ɗan maraƙin watanni 5 daga ɗan shekara 1.5. Hakanan ana samun Roe deer, yana kwance a baya a cikin haɓaka su kuma waɗanda nauyinsu ya kusan sau 2 ƙasa da matsakaici. Yawancin lokaci irin waɗannan dabbobi suna mutuwa a farkon hunturu na rayuwarsu.

Na farko hunturu na 'yan maruƙa ya riga ya tsufa, kuma a cikin al'ada shekaru, mutuwarsu kusan iri ɗaya ne da na dabbobi girma. Amma yanayi daban ya taso a cikin dusar kankara mai zafi. Sannan ana kashe barewa sau da yawa, musamman saboda wasu dalilai da suke tsini.

Roer deer ya lura da yanayin halaye na yau da kullun: lokutan waje kiwo da motsi daban-daban tare da lokutan cin abinci da hutawa. Yawancin tsawan lokaci na safiya da maraice, ana ɗaura shi zuwa faɗuwar rana da faɗuwar rana. Gabaɗaya, rayuwar yau da kullun na rayayyar barewa ana ƙaddara ta abubuwa da yawa: kakar shekara, lokaci na rana, mazaunin halitta, digiri na damuwa, da dai sauransu. Misali, a cikin yawan jama'a masu fama da matsanancin matsin lamba na rashin ƙarfi, ayyukan barewa sun iyakance ga magariba da awoyi na dare.

A cikin bazara da bazara, dabbobi sun fi yin aiki da daddare da maraice, wanda ya ɗan ɗauka saboda ayyukan ƙwayoyin tsotsa jini, a cikin hunturu - a farkon ranar. A ranakun zafi, suna ciyar da ƙasa da ranakun sanyi da ruwa. A cikin hunturu, a cikin yanayin sanyi, ciyarwa, akasin haka, ya zama ya fi tsayi, kashe farashi mai kuzari. Smallarancin hazo baya tsoma baki tare da barewa, amma a lokacin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ko dusar kankara mai yawa sukan ɓoye a cikin mafaka. A cikin hunturu, a cikin iska mai iska, deer yi ƙoƙarin ciyarwa a kan gefuna na leeward, ba tare da fita zuwa buɗe ba.

Socialungiyar zamantakewa na yawan jama'a ya dogara da lokacin shekara. A lokacin bazara, mafi yawan barewa suna jagoranci guda ɗaya ko dangi (mata tare da zuriya) salon rayuwa, a cikin hunturu - ƙungiya ta iyali ko garken (tare da jijiyoyi da ƙaura). Tsarin rayuwa na jama'a yana canzawa sosai a cikin shekara - a lokacin rani dabbobi suna warwatse a yankunansu, a cikin hunturu yanayin yanki yana da damuwa kuma deer ya mai da hankali sosai ga wuraren ciyarwa. Bugu da kari, a lokacin bazara, yanayin ƙasa na barewa yakan bambanta dangane da jinsi da shekaru.

Lokacin bazara. Yana keɓance lokacin daga Maris zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, deer yawancin yan ƙasa ne da m. A watan Maris - Afrilu, manya (sama da shekara 2-3) maza sun mamaye yankuna, kuma mace a cikin watan da ya gabata na haihuwar ya koma wuraren haihuwa. Ya kamata a sani cewa yanayin ƙasa na barewa abu ne mai tsauri - da zarar kun mallaki wasu yankuna, saur yakan iya komawa zuwa wurin daga shekara zuwa shekara.

Yankin namiji, gwargwadon yanayin rayuwa a cikin takamaiman biotope, ya bambanta daga 2 zuwa 200 ha. A yadda aka saba, yankuna na maza maƙwabta kusan ba overlap, kuma kawai tare da babban yawan yawa partially rufe kan juna a fannin wuraren yankunan abinci. Yankunan yankuna ana yinsu a kai a kai kuma suna alama ta sirrin gabobin gabancin da na ciki da kullun. A matsayinka na doka, maza sukan guji shiga wasu rukunin mutane, kawai a ƙarshen ƙarshen suna yin “ƙaranci” don neman mace mai gudana, amma a farkon kakar su dole ne su kare 'yancin mallakar yankin. Masu shigar da karar galibi yara mata ne, gami da wadanda suka fito daga kasashen makwabta. Rikice-rikice tsakanin makwabta maza da suka saba da juna suna da wuya kuma galibi ana iyakance su ga sassauƙar ikon.

Sai kawai mata da kananan dabbobi na wannan shekara ta haihuwa na iya rayuwa a wurin saurayin maza. Maigidan ya kori magidantan maza mai shekaru daga ƙasarsu, kuma a cikin kashi 58-90% daga cikin lamuran da suke da shi na ƙaura don neman ƙasa. Wani lokaci, samari matasa suna yawo a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasashen waje ko kuma zama abokan manya maza, suna rakiyar su har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin kammalawa. Amma ga mace mai shekara daya, da wuya su yi ƙaura zuwa wasu ƙasashe, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, suka mamaye wuraren da ke kusa da uwaye.

Yankin namiji ya hada da aƙalla shirye-shiryen haihuwar 1-2, inda mata masu juna biyu ke zuwa yayin haihuwar. Mace tana tsare da matsin lamba, tana korar sauran deer daga ciki, gami da zuriyarta da suka girma. A kan makircin, mace yawanci za ta kasance har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, yayin dabbar, ta dace da namiji (ko maza), a cikin inda yankin sa yake. Yankin haihuwar mãkirci na haihuwa ya tashi daga 1 ha a lokacin hawan zuwa 70-180 ha a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da barewa tayi girma.

Babban aikin yanki shine watsa mutane cikin sarari da raunana gasar abinci ga masu juna biyu da mata masu juna biyu, wanda hakan ke kara samun damar rayuwar zuriya.

Lokacin hunturu. Zuwa watan Oktoba, yanayin zafin balagaggu yana matukar rauni. Maza saukar da kaho kuma dakatar da alamar yankin. Groupsungiyoyin dangin hunturu sun fara farawa - youngan mata suka shiga cikin mata tare da yara (gami da shekara ɗaya maza da suka yi ƙaura zuwa wasu ƙasashe). Daga baya, sauran mahayi, ciki har da maza manya, na iya shiga cikin rukunin, duk da cewa ƙarshen yakan rayu dabam koda a cikin hunturu. Shugabannin kungiyoyin tsoffin mata ne. Membobin rukuni sukan kasance tare a duk lokacin hunturu. A cikin biotopes na filin, yawan dabbobi a cikin rukuni na iya kai mutum 40-90; a cikin biotopes na gandun daji, ƙungiyoyi lokaci-lokaci sun haɗa da dabbobi na 10-15.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, roe deer hunturu a cikin wannan yanki inda suka tashi. Gidajen rukuni na hunturu na iya rufe 300-500 ha, kamar yadda dabbobi ke motsawa don neman abinci. A cikin yankin, ana rarrabe bangarori na abinci, inda barewa ke cin mafi yawan rana. A mafi muni da yanayin muhalli, da girma yayyun kungiyoyin suka zama kuma mafi yaduwar barewa dole su yi yawon neman abinci. Koyaya, idan matakin murfin dusar ƙanƙan ya wuce wani iyaka (50 cm), barewa zata iya kasancewa kusan wurin a cikin makonni.

Kungiyoyin hunturu na ƙarshe har zuwa Maris - Afrilu, sannu a hankali ke tashi. Mazaje sun fara yin gwagwarmaya daga kungiyoyi daga ƙarshen Fabrairu, kodayake a wasu lokuta a watan Janairu - Maris za ku iya samun ƙungiyoyin da suka ƙunshi na maza musamman. A mafi tsawon lokaci, kusan har Mayu, iyalai sun kasance - mace tare da ƙaramin shekara ɗaya.

A cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, barewa tana motsawa a trot ko trot, idan akwai haɗari suna gudana ba tare da bata lokaci ba har zuwa 4-7 m tare da hawan lokaci-lokaci zuwa sama da 1.5-2 m. Gudun gudu na magaryar balagayi yakai kilomita 60 / h - sama da saurin macijin liyafa ko wolf, amma gudu ba gajere bane: a wani fili, damuna deer yawanci yakankai 300-400 m, a cikin wani daji mai yawa 75-100 m, bayan haka sun fara yin da'irori, suna rikitar da masu fafutukar. Roe de ya motsa a cikin ƙananan matakai, yawanci tsayawa da sauraro. A tsakiyar karkatar da mai mai, yana zuwa lynx. Haka kuma maza marayu suna kewaya ƙasarsu kowace rana. Roer deer suna da kyau, amma ba saurin iyo. Saboda ƙananan girman su, baza su iya jure murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba (fiye da 40-50 cm), a cikin hunturu suna ƙoƙarin yin tafiya tare da hanyoyin dabbobi ko hanyoyi. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara, hanyar ciyar da kullun barewa ta ragu daga 1.5-2 zuwa 0.5-1 km. Yankin kankara a kan dusar ƙanƙara kan dusar kankara da suke kwarara yana da haɗari musamman ga barewa.

Fiye da nau'ikan 900 na tsire-tsire iri daban-daban sun dace da barewa, ana ba da fifiko ga dicotyledonous herbaceous da ƙananan harbe na bishiyoyi ko shrubs. Kuma a cikin rana, barewa suna cin abinci sau 5 zuwa 11.

Saboda yawanta, barewar ita ce sanannen farauta da wakilin kamun kifi na barewa a Eurasia. Kayan naman saro ne mai mai dafi kuma mai-kalori mai yawa, fatar ta dace da yin fata, hornsahon ƙahonan farauta ne mai mahimmanci.

Menene kamarsa

Deer deuro ne ƙanƙarare mai kyauta.Girman maza shine kilo 22-240, tsawon tsayinsa yakai 108- 136 cm, tsayi a wurin ƙishi yakai cm 75 zuwa 1-2. Mace sun ɗan ƙarami fiye da maza. Wutsiyar takaice (2-3 cm). Kakakin maza ƙanana kaɗan ne (15-30 cm tsawo, 10-15 cm fadi), tare da yawancin tubercles - "lu'ulu'u", mace ba su da kaho. A cikin hunturu, launi na dabbar yana da launin toka ko launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, a lokacin rani ya yi ja. Jariri barewa da aka hango.

Rayuwa

Abincin roe ya ƙunshi nau'in tsire-tsire kimanin 900. A lokacin rani yafi yawan ganye. A cikin hunturu, galibi harbe da buds daga bishiyoyi da ciyawa suna zuwa abinci. A cikin shekarun girbi, barewa suna cin ciyawa, ƙoshin kudan zuma da ƙwanƙwasa da ƙyamare, suna tono su daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Dabbobin suna fita zuwa filayen don ciyar da ciyawa da sharan gona maras kyau - masara, alfalfa, beets na sukari, dankali. Abincin yau da kullun na Turai deer a kan matsakaici ya haɗa daga kilogiram 1.5-2.5 zuwa 4 kilogiram na ƙwayar kore.

Daga Maris zuwa Satumba, 'yan' mata 'ke yanka kawunansu a kan toho da kuma rassan bishiyoyi. Don haka suka yi alama a yankin, suna faɗakarwa abokan hamayyar cewa an riga an mamaye wurin. Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar jiji da siginar sauti: yin kuwwa da ƙafafu suna nuna damuwa, bugun zuciya yana nuna farinciki mai ƙarfi, haushi yana nuna damuwa, bugawa alama ce da dabba ta kama.

A cikin bazara da bazara, dabbobi sun fi ƙarfin dare da maraice, a cikin hunturu - a farkon ranar. A cikin hunturu, a cikin yanayin sanyi, ciyar ya fi tsayi.

A lokacin rani, yawancin deer yakan jagoranci mace ko dangi (mata tare da zuriya) salon rayuwa, kuma a cikin hunturu - garken. A cikin ciyayi da filaye, yawan dabbobin da ke cikin rukunin suna iya kaiwa mutane 40-90, kuma a cikin gandun daji na rukuni lokaci-lokaci sama da dabbobi na 10-15.

Idan daya daga cikin barewa ta dauki wani yanayi na damuwa, sauran deer suna cikin shiri kai tsaye, dakatar da kiwo su tattara. Gudun dabba ɗaya yakan zama alama mai haɗari, yayin da a sarari yake da “madubi” - wani tabo na farin ulu wanda ke kusa da wutsiya.

Farinda yake da masifa ya kaura zuwa 4-7 m tsawo kuma lokaci-lokaci tsalle sama da 1.5-2 m Maɗaukakin barewa yana yin tazarar kilomita 60 / h, amma gudursa gajere ne: a bayyane, yawanci yana tafiyar 300-400 m, a lokacin farin ciki gandun daji - 75-100 m, bayan haka ya fara yin da'irori, yana rikitar da masu fafutukar. Waɗannan ƙananan barewa suna iyo sosai.

Babban abokan gaba da barewa sune karnuka ne da beraye, karnuka masu ɓoye, bera mai launin fata, barewar barewa, ke fitar da dawakai, marassa kyau, karnukan raccoon, martens, kuliyoyi, gaggafa na zinare, mujiya gaggafa, mayukan daji. Roer deer yana da tsammanin rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 10-12, kodayake wasu mutane sun tsira a cikin yanayi zuwa 15-17 kuma a cikin bauta zuwa shekaru 19-25.

A cikin Littafin Red of Russia

An lissafa deer deer a cikin Littattafan Red na lardunan Saratov da Tula na Tarayyar Rasha. Babban abubuwanda ke iyakancewa shine rashin dacewar farauta da gudanar da farauta, kazalika da karuwar yawan kyarkeke a yankin Saratov. Dangane da rarrabuwa na IUCN, deer na Turai yana nufin taxa na ƙananan haɗari. Tare da ƙarancin ƙaruwa a cikin yawa na ƙwayar roe, yawan al'umma kanta tana sarrafa yawanta: a wurare tare da ƙaruwa da yawa, akwai ƙima da yawa daga dabbobi daga cututtuka, akasari daga cututtukan helminth.

Saboda yawan adadin barewa - sanannen sananniyar farauta da wakilin kamun kifin barewa a Eurasia

Abinci mai gina jiki

Abincin ya ƙunshi kawai abincin asalin tsiro. Aljanai suna cin ciyawa, ganyen bishiyoyi da shukoki, harbe matasa, 'ya'yan itace da berries. A kan filayen gona, suna son liyafa a kan hatsi da tushen amfanin gona.

Tsarin menu nasu ya haɗa da nau'ikan tsirrai 135.

Kwana ɗaya, dabba ɗaya tak ta ci daga kilogram 2 zuwa 4 na abinci. Yana da matukar son shudi (Vaccinium myrtillus), Parisi bipartite (Circaceae lutetiana), woodpecker (Stachys sylvatica), pikulnik na kowa (Galeopsis tetrahit), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) da heather (Calluna).

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Don dalilai da ba a sani ba, deer deer zai iya girma ƙaho wanda ba na al'ada ba a cikin nau'i biyu (wani lokacin har ma da guda ɗaya) kakakin ba tare da saka kaya ba. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna jefa babban haɗari ga wasu maza. A yayin yaƙe-yaƙe na al'ada, ƙahon ba su shiga cikin haɗuwa tare da ƙahon abokan gaba kuma yakan bugun abokan hamayyarsu. Roe deer wani lokacin ana kiransa awaki daji. Koyaya, wannan dabba bata da alaƙa da awaki.

Kiwo

Lokacin balaga yana faruwa yana da kimanin shekaru 2. Maza sun kasance farkon abin da bai wuce shekaru 3-4 ba, lokacin da suka sami ƙarfi da ƙarfi don shawo kan gasa.

Tafiya a yawancin wuraren da kewayon zai fara a watan Agusta. Estrus a cikin mace yana kimanin awa 36. Bayan nasarar hadi, cinikin tayi nan da nan zai tsaya kuma ya ci gaba a watan Disamba.

Aure gaba daya yana daga kwanaki 280 zuwa 290. Matar ta kawo cubaya ɗaya ko biyu masu nauyin 1000-1500 g.

Triplets suna da matuƙar wuya. Yara ana fentin su a cikin launin ruwan hoda-launin ruwan kasa. Akwai faffadar fuloji a baya da tarnaƙi. Wannan launi yana kama da kyau a cikin yanayi kuma ya ɓace yayin da yake tsufa.

A cikin kwanakin farko, magaryar ɓoye cikin ɓoyayyen ciyawa ko ciyawa. Matar tana zuwa wurin shi don ciyar. Lokacin da jariri ya yi ƙarfi, sai ya bi mahaifiyarsa ya shiga cikin garken uwa. Ciyar da madara ya kai tsawon watanni 3.

Rarrabawa

Mulkin: Dabbobi (Dabbobin dabbobi).
Nau'i: Chordates (Chordata).
Fasali: Dabbobi masu shayarwa (Mammalia).
Squad: Sankarram (Artiodactyla).
Iyali: Deer (Cervidae).
Jinsi: Roe Deer (Сapreolus).
Duba: Turai Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus).

Bayyanar Turai Roe Deer

Jikin barewa na Turai yayi gajeru - 108-126 santimita, kuma tsayinsa ya mutu ya kai santimita 66-81. Maza suna nauyin kilo 22-32. Roer deer da ke zaune a yankuna na arewa sun fi girma. Tsawon wutsiya shine santimita 3, ba a iya ganinshi, yana ɓoye a cikin ulu.

Turai Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus).

Shugaban barewar Turai yayi gajeru, ga hanci ya zama ya fi fadi, kuma a kusa da idanun sa ya fadi. Kunnuwa suna nunawa, m, tsawonsu shine 12-14 santimita. Idanun su manyan manya ne.

Kafafuwan deer na Turai suna da bakin ciki da tsawo, saboda haka zasu iya yin sauri. Ji da kamshin warin a cikin wadannan dabbobi suna da yawa.

Mayafin yana canzawa gwargwadon yanayi, kewayon da kuma shekarun dabbobi. Launin ƙananan deer mai launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi tare da farin aibobi.

Canjin launin rogo deer na iya zama ja ja a lokacin bazara, kuma a cikin hunturu ya zama baƙi da fari. Rufin hunturu ya ƙunshi gashi mai kauri tare da adadi masu yawa na iska waɗanda ke riƙe iska, tsawon irin wannan gashi shine 5-5.5 santimita.

Hornanƙasuwa suna qawata shugabannin maza kawai, galibi ba sa wuce santimita 30 a tsayi. Kowane ƙaho yana da matakai guda uku: ana jujjuya ƙaho na tsakiya, ɗayan kuma biyu. Gashi ya fara haɓaka har ya zuwa wata 4, kuma yana cikakke ne kawai a shekara ta 3.

Range na Turai Roe Deer

Wadannan dabbobin suna zaune ne a cikin Turai, gami da yankin tekun Scandinavia, suma suna zaune a Rasha, Caucasus, Ciscaucasia da kuma wasu sassan Asiya.

A Isra'ila da Labanon, maharba ta Turai ta mutu, an kuma lalata su a tsibirin Sicily. Ana iya samo waɗannan dabbobi a cikin Albania, Austria, Belarus, Italiya, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Netherlands, Monaco, Faransa, Romania, Czech Republic, Sweden da sauran ƙasashe.

Deer deuro ne ƙanƙarare mai kyauta.

A kan iyakar arewa maso gabas (Ural ridge), wannan nau'in ya kan iyaka daga Siberian dee, sakamakon hakan akwai nau'ikan canji a cikin wadannan wurare.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da deer deer

• Don dalilai marasa tushe, maza wani lokacin sukanyi kaho marasa amfani - ba tare da saka kaya ba. Irin waɗannan maza suna da haɗari sosai ga danginsu, tunda a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na al'ada, ƙahonansu ba sa rabuwa da ƙahowar abokan gaba, kuma za su iya soke shi gaba ɗaya.

• Wani lokaci ana kiran barewa na Turai 'awaki daji, amma basu da alaƙa da awaki.

Idan aka kwatanta da na sauran dabbobin gari, deer deer na Turai sun fi dacewa da mutane masu canza wurare.

Yawan adadin barewa na Turai

Zuwa yau, wannan nau'in mallakar dabbobi ne masu haɗarin gaske. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an aiwatar da matakan kariya sosai, godiya ga wanda deer deer ya zama gama gari. Yawan nau'in halittu gabaɗaya suna ƙaruwa da haɓaka.

An lura da mafi yawan adadin barewa a tsakiyar Turai, inda aka kiyasta dabbobi kimanin miliyan 15, kuma a cikin 80s adadin bai wuce miliyan 7.5 ba. Koyaya, yawan jama'ar Siriya ba kasafai ba kuma yana buƙatar kariya.

Rawar Turai tana cikin littafin Red na lardunan Tula da Saratov.

Roer deer yana raguwa saboda yawan farauta. Amma gabaɗaya, saboda girman haɓaka, deer deuro, a gaban mazaunan da suka dace, sake lambobin su da kyau.

Muhimmancin kasuwanci na maharbar Turai

Tun da barewa suna da yawa, suna da darajar kasuwanci mafi girma a tsakanin dangi Deer. Naman waɗannan dabbobin suna da adadin kuzari. Suna yin fata da fatansu. Kuma ana ganin ƙahon ƙahon Turai kamar cinikin farauta mai mahimmanci.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Bayanin

Tsawon jikin mutum tsoho ne 93-130 cm .. Height at the witaries 60 cm 608 Weight shine 15-34 kg. Roe, wanda ke zaune a arewacin wannan yanki, ya fi girma da nauyi fiye da takwarorinsu na kudanci. Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin girman ba ya nan. Maza kawai suna da ƙaho.

A lokacin rani, launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa ya mamaye, kuma a cikin hunturu, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Kunnuwa suna da tsayi, har zuwa tsayi cm 14. Fitilar “madubi” tana da kyau a cikin hunturu, kuma a lokacin rani sai ya zama datti fari ko shuɗi.

Yankin da ke kusa da mucks na baki ne, bayin fata na bayyane ana iya ganin su daga saman lebe na sama. Kakakin sun kunshi 2-3 yana karewa. Maza jefar da su a ƙarshen ƙarshen dabbar ta hanyar canjin.

Tsawon rayuwa a cikin daji bai wuce shekaru 12 ba. A cikin zaman talala, bareyin Turai ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 17.