A tsoffin jakadun gargajiyanci da bugu na allon siliki, ana ba da hoton wani abu mai ban sha'awa - wani biri mai launin shuɗi da gashi mai haske. Turawa sun yi sha'awar ƙirƙirar masters na China, ba mamaki idan irin wannan dabba zai iya wanzu a zahiri, ya yi kama da mai salo da ban mamaki kamar hoton dodanni a cikin zane iri ɗaya.

Zoo
Zina mai launin zubin-zinare (Pygathrix roxellana)
Class - Dabbobi masu shayarwa
Squad - firamare
Suborder - mafi girma primates
Superfamily - ƙananan kunkuntar birai
Iyali - biri
Subfamily - birai-mai-bakin birrai
Rod - Pigatrix

Ana samun birai masu zinari-ƙwal a cikin kudanci da tsakiyar China. Yawancin atean asalin na zaune a cikin Volun National Reserve (Sichuan).
Iyali - namiji, mata da yawa da zuriyarsu - suna ciyar da yawancin rayuwarsu a cikin bishiyoyi kuma sun gangara zuwa ƙasa kawai don fayyace alaƙa da dangi ko maƙwabta. Koyaya, a mafi ƙarancin hatsarin, yana hawa kai tsaye zuwa saman bishiyoyi.
Tsawon jikin mutum da kuma manyan birai 57-75 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine 50-70 cm.Karon maza shine kilogiram 16, mace suna da girma sosai: suna iya daukar nauyin kilo 35. Maza sun isa samari tun yana ɗan shekara 7, mace - shekaru 4-5. Ciki yakan kai watanni 7. Duk iyayen sun kula da 'Ya'yan.

Bahaushe na farko da ya ga biri ta zinare da idanunsa shine firist ɗan Faransa Arman David. Ya zo kasar Sin a cikin 1860s a matsayin mishan, amma ya sami babban ci gaba a fannin ilimin dabbobi fiye da sauyawar mazaunan Mulkin Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Katolika. Sunansa bai mutu ba da sunan barewa, wanda ya samo a wurin shakatawa na sarki kuma ya sami damar kawo wasu mutane da yawa zuwa Turai, wanda ya ceci ra'ayin daga rushewa: shekaru ukun da suka wuce, 'yan tawayen' 'damben' 'sun lalata dabbobin. Ya kuma gano wasu dabbobi biyu a cikin kurmin tsaunin Sichuan na budurwa. A nan, mai binciken ya gano ƙarin dabbobi guda biyu waɗanda ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin Tsohon Duniya: babban panda da birai masu launin shuɗi. Gaskiya ne, zane-zanen tsohuwar ba cikakke bane: kawai "tabarau" a kusa da idanu da kuma kusurwar bakin bakin sun kasance shuɗi (ko kuma, launin kore-shuɗi). Ragowar fuskar da sauran sassan jikin an rufe su da ulu daban-daban na gwal. Amma shahararren masanin ilimin dabbobi Milne-Edwards, wanda yayi nazari akan kayan da Dauda ya kawo, ya fi burgesu a hancinsu, yana sunkuyar da kai har kusan ya kai goshi a cikin tsofaffin mutane. Ya bai wa sabbin halittun da aka gano sunan Latin sunan Rhinopithecus roxellanae. Asalin sunan rhinopithecus - "rhinopithecus" - yana nufin "biri biri", kuma sunan jinsin an kirkireshi ne a madadin kyawun almara Roksolana - bawa, sannan kuma ƙaunatacciyar matar Sarkin Musulmi Suleiman I, Mai Girma, wanda mazaunan Istanbul suka tuna da hausar ta. Amma fur na zinari, launinsa wanda ya jawo hankalin masu zane da kuma masu ba da labari, ba a cikin taken Miln-Edwards ba. Kuma, yayin da ya juya daga baya, ya yi abin da ya dace: a cikin tsaunukan Yunnan da Sichuan akwai ƙasashe uku na waɗannan birai, waɗanda guda ɗaya ne kawai ke da irin wannan kayan sarauta. Sauran suna da launin canzawa sosai, kodayake dukansu ukun suna cikin jinsin halitta guda ɗaya kuma suna da alaƙa iri biyu a yanayin rayuwa da rayuwa, wanda ba abin mamaki bane.

An sani cewa birai dabbobi ne na wurare masu zafi, yawancinsu suna zama a wuraren da babu yanayin zafi a ciki. Kadan ne (Jafananci da Masarautun Afirka ta Arewa) suka sami damar sarrafa masaniyar halittar. Amma a cikin mafi girman latitude, inda akwai hunturu na ainihi tare da dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi, ba sa faruwa.

A bisa ƙa'idar, rhinopithecines ba sa fita daga wannan ka'ida - mazauninsu yana kwance a can nesa da subtropics da tropics. Amma birai suna zaune cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo na daya da rabi zuwa mitoci dubu uku. Partashin sashin wannan bel ɗin ya mamaye duffan bamboo da gandun daji. A cikin hunturu, yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da baƙi da dusar ƙanƙara yakan faru a nan. Amma magabatan firam a waɗannan yanayin da basu dace da su ba suna jin daɗin rayuwa har sau da yawa ana kiransu "birai dusar ƙanƙara."

A lokacin dumi, birai na zinariya suna tashi sama a tsaunika, a cikin dazuzzukan daji, har zuwa saman taiga, kuma kar a hau sama kawai saboda babu bishiyoyi a can. Yankin daɗaɗɗa yana ɗauka a matsayin nau'i na wurin bazara a gare su - suna zaune a ciki kawai a lokacin rani, suna sauka a cikin hunturu, zuwa matattarar kwari da kwari, ba yawa ga dumin abinci kamar na abinci: a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara babu abinci wanda ya dace da birai kwata-kwata. Koyaya, manufar "abincin da ya dace" ana fassara shi ta hanyar su sosai. A jikin siririn dabba na dabba (rhinopithecines, tare da wasu kungiyoyi masu alaƙa, an haɗu da su cikin ƙananan birai masu bakin ciki), ƙwallancinsu suna baƙuwa da ban mamaki - tabbatacce alama ce ta ainihin mai cin ganyayyaki kawai wanda zai iya cin 'ya'yan itace ba kawai, har ma sassan kore na tsire-tsire. A cikin ƙungiyar manyan firam akwai nau'ikan mutane da yawa, babban abinci wanda shine ganye, harbe da ciyawa - gorillas, gelads da wasu.

Amma a cikinsu wanene zai iya narke haushi na itace ko allurar Pine? Kuma rhinopithecus jimre ba kawai tare da wannan roughage ba, har ma tare da lasisi na gandun daji. Tabbas, lokacin da akwai zabi, birai na zina sun fi son daidai da duka birai - 'ya'yan itatuwa da kwayoyi.

Ba tsoron tsoro da dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi, samun abinci koina, zinariyar tayi kyau a waccan zamanin lokacin da aka rufe duwatsun kudanci da tsakiyar China da kurmi marar iyaka. Koyaya, masarautan kasar Sin masu aiki, ƙarni bayan ƙarni, sun ci nasara sababbin sababbin filaye daga gandun daji. Arman David ya rigaya ya dawo Turai ya rubuta tare da ƙararrawa game da makomar dabbobin daji na ƙasar, wanda yake ƙauna sosai. Kusan shekara 130 ke nan tun daga wancan lokacin. Duk wannan lokacin, yayin da ake ci gaba da kawar da gandun daji na kasar Sin, birai sun sha wahala fiye da sauran mazauna gandun daji: su ma sun sha wahala ta hanyar wargajewar kai tsaye. Kayan abincin Sinanci suna ɗaukar kowane biri a matsayin mai daɗin ci, bugu da ,ari, huhun rhinopithecus ba kawai kyakkyawa ne ba kuma mai dorewa, amma kuma yana "taimaka" daga rheumatism ...

A shekarun baya-bayannan, hukumomin kasar Sin sun fahimci halin da suke ciki. An karɓi birai masu zinare a ƙarƙashin kariya; an samar da hanyar sadarwa da wuraren shakatawa a cikin mazauninsu. Mummunan matakai a kan masu fastoci an ba da damar hana kamun kifi ba bisa doka ba da hana barazanar halakar waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki. Yanzu kusan 5,000 rhinopithecus suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na gida. Wannan ba shi da yawa, amma a ka'idar yawan jama'ar wannan girman yana da damar rayuwa mara iyaka. Matsalar ita ce babu yawan jama'a guda ɗaya: birai suna zaune a cikin iyalai dabam dabam a tsibirin gandun daji, ragin da ba zai iya tsayawa a kansu ba. A halin yanzu, dangin biri na al'ada (wani saurayi babba, da yawa daga cikin matan sa da kuma zuriyarsu na shekaru daban-daban - dabbobi 40 ne kawai) na bukatar tsawon mil 15 zuwa 50 na gandun daji. Saboda haka, fewan iyalai ne kawai ke zaune a kowace tsibiri, ko ma ɗaya. Yin musayar kwayoyin halitta tsakanin irin waɗannan mutanen ya zama ba zai yuwu ba, kuma wannan shine yake haifar da lalacewa ga tsararraki da yawa. Kwararru har yanzu ba su gano hanyoyin warware wannan matsalar ba. An tattauna dabarun mayar da yara dabbobin daga wannan hanyar zuwa wata ko sakewa birai da aka haifa cikin bauta cikin yanayi an tattauna. Amma don aiwatar da irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, wajibi ne don ƙarin sani game da rhinopithecus fiye da yadda aka sani yanzu. Muna buƙatar bayani ba kawai game da tsarin abincinsu da lokacin haifuwa ba, har ma game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin membobin ƙungiyar, tsakanin ƙungiyar da baƙi. A wannan batun, birai na zinare suna da ban mamaki kamar yadda suke a lokacin da kawai aka gan su a cikin zane-zanen zamanin da.

Fitowar biri biri Roxolana

Manyan mutane na biri mai snub-nosed suna girma zuwa santimita 75 a tsayi, amma wannan baya haɗa da wutsiya, wani lokacin yakanyi 100% na tsawon jikin (daga 50 zuwa 70 santimita). Matan wannan nau'in sun fi maza yawa.

Yawan mace yana daga kilo 25 zuwa 35, yayin da maza suke da nauyin kilo 16.

Mafi yawancin, a bayyanar wadannan birai, launinsu na fari. Zzlearfinsu ba ya rufe da gashi, fata a kai mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi ne. Mayafin yana da kauri, a kusa da kai kuma a cikin yankin wuyansa yana da ja mai haske, wannan shine yasa ake kiran birai da zinare. Ragowar jiki yana fentin cikin inuwa mai launin shuɗi-mai haske. Yankin kirji da wani bangare na ciki fari ne. Dubi hoto - suna da kyau sosai, ko ba haka ba?

Birai masu launin zinare suna da launuka masu ban mamaki.

Rayuwar Birai Na Zamani

Yawancinsu dabbobi ne masu kiba. Da wuya su gangara zuwa ƙasa, kawai saboda tsananin buƙata. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, idan ya cancanta, birai masu shayarwa suna iya shawo kan ƙananan tafkunan.

Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa birai na zinare sun gwammace su zauna a cikin manyan garken dabbobi, wani lokacin adadin mutane a cikinsu ya kai birai 600. A cikin watannin bazara, Roxolans ya kasu kashi biyu kananan mutane 60.

Wadannan birai suna jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin yankin mara ƙarfi. Wasu lokuta ana iya samun su a tsaunuka har zuwa tsawon mita 3000, saboda godiya ga furcin dusar ƙanƙani, birai masu ƙoshin maciji ba canjin yanayin ba.

Birai masu zinare halittu ne masu hannu da shuni, za su iya hawa reshe mafi girma na itace ba tare da lokaci ba, saboda babu wanda zai iya kama su.

Ta yaya haifuwa da biri macizai masu ƙwararren tsuntsaye

Lokacin mating yana farawa a watan Agusta kuma zai kasance har zuwa Nuwamba. Don jawo hankalin maza, da biri ya fara "yi masa ba'a": da farko ya kalli wanda ya zaɓa, sannan kuma ya tsere daga baya. Amma ba kowane namiji ke amsa irin wannan alamun kulawa ba. A bayyane yake, biri biri zinare ba mai sauƙi bane ga son!

Idan kuwa har yan biyu sun samo asali, to kuwa birai zasu fara yin aure. Matar na dauke da cuban ta tsawon watanni 7. Birai na Snubby suna da jarirai 1 zuwa 2. Bayan haihuwa, uwa zata kula da zuriya, kuma uba kawai yake kula da gashin jariran.

A cikin na biyar (a cikin mace) ko bakwai (a cikin maza) shekarar rayuwa, balaga ta faru a cikin samari

Birai masu zinari sune iyayen da ke zama abin misali.

Abokan gaba

Masana kimiyya basu san komai game da abokan gaban biri ba, watakila karfin su ya ɓuya daga bin sawu da walƙiya, yana tseratar da su daga masu dabaibaye.

A halin yanzu, yawan waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi suna ƙarƙashin kariya ta gwamnati.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

06.12.2015

Zina mai launin snub-nosed (lat. Rhinopithecus roxellana) ɗayan manyan thean Adam ne da ba a saba dasu ba daga cikin iyayen Martyshkov (lat. Cercopithecidae). A China, ana kiranta dusar ƙanƙara, zinari, kuɗi da biri.

An yi imanin cewa yana da ikon kawo sa'a da wadata. Don haɓaka kyautata rayuwar kuɗi, Sinawa sun nuna shi a kan abubuwan gida a karni na III.

Na farkon cikin mutanen Turai da suka ga biri-snub-nosed a cikin yanayin halitta shi ne mishan ɗan Faransa mai suna Jean-Pierre Armand David a yayin aikin sa na zuwa China a shekarun 70 na ƙarni na XIX. Halin rayuwa, hankali da kuma farincikin biri sun yi masa tasiri. Wannan halitta ta burge shi sosai har ya kawo sunan Latin don girmamawa ga Roxolana, matar Ottoman sultan Suleiman Mai martaba.

Rarraba

Birai mai launin zinare mai launin zina suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu dumbin yawa da hade da kudu maso gabashin China a lardunan Sichuan, Gansu, Hubei da Shaanxi. Gidajen yana zaune a tsaunuka daga 1200 zuwa 3300 m sama da matakin teku.

Yawancin jama'a sun dace da rayuwa a cikin gandun daji na Shennongjia a yammacin Hubei, inda tsawon watanni hunturu komai ya rufe da dusar ƙanƙara, kuma yawan zafin jiki sau da yawa yakan faɗi ƙasa -20 ° C. A lokacin rani, akwai zafi har zuwa 38 ° C, kuma gumi ya tashi zuwa kashi 90.

Don rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin yanayin wahala, magabatan gado na taimaka wa tsarin musamman na babban mawuyacin hali. A cewar masana da yawa daga dabbobi masu ilimin dabbobi, snub-nosedness yana ceton kuzarin lokacin numfashi kuma ya bayyana yayin zabin juyin halitta.

Halayyar

Birai da lemo-nosed suna aiki yayin hasken rana. Babban aiki yana faruwa a sanyin safiya da yamma. A wannan lokacin, maguzawa suna kan aikin binciken gidan su da kuma neman abinci.

Suna jin daidai matsayin duka akan bishiyoyi da kuma a ƙasa. A kan tsayayyen farfajiya suna motsawa a kan dukkan hudun, amma cikin sauƙin ɗauka a tsaye. Birai suna wasa da kyau daga reshe zuwa reshe kuma suna iya yin nasara har zuwa 4 km a cikin yawan bishiyoyi a rana guda. A cikin hunturu, motsin dabbobi ya ragu.

Wannan nau'in halittar biri tana zaune ne a cikin gungun mutane, wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi namiji, mata da yawa da zuriyarsu.

Kungiyar za ta iya haɗawa da mutane 9 zuwa 18. Namiji ya jagorance shi. Rikice-rikice ya barke tsakanin mace game da yunƙurin haɓaka mafi girma a cikin tsarin zamantakewa.

Yawancin baƙi suna neman korar shugaba kuma su kama shi. Bayani kan danganta tsakanin masu neman mukamin shugaban na amurka ya faru ne ta hanyar karimci, barazanar da fada. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mata galibi suna daukar nauyin maigidan nasu kuma, tare, suna fitar da wadanda ba 'yan wasan da ba su dace ba. Idan baƙon ya jagoranci ɓarna, yakan kashe ofa ofan shugaba na da.

Baya ga rukunin dangi, akwai wasu matasa matasa wadanda suka kunshi maza 4-7. Wasu lokuta ana iya haɗa ɗaya ko fiye a cikin ɗayan na ɗan lokaci, sannan sai a wargaza. Gabaɗaya, tsarin zamantakewa yana da tsari sosai. Yankin gida na rukuni yana da nisan mil 40. km kuma galibi yana ma'amala da sauran sassan.

A lokacin rani, birai suna cin fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen marmari, berries, kwayoyi da tsirrai na tsirrai. A cikin hunturu, galibi suna canzawa zuwa lasisi da haushi itace. A lokacin rani, sukan hau duwatsun cikin daji mai kyau, kuma da farkon yanayin sanyi sukan sauka cikin kwari.

Kiwo

Lokacin mating yana gudana daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Mata, a shirye don kiwo, sun fara gina idanu na zahiri ga namiji. Suna mai da hankali ga kansu, suna fara gajeren zango kusa da shi, suna ƙoƙarin mafi yawan kyawawan abubuwan da suke da kyau.

Wani lokacin wasan kwaikwayon kayan kwalliyar na shimfidawa har tsawon awoyi. Jagora tare da jin girman kai mara girman kai yana nuna dagewar halinsa da ikon sarrafa kansa.

Ciki yakan kai kimanin watanni 6. Ana haihuwar yara ne daga Maris zuwa Afrilu. Kowane mahaifi yawanci yana da guda ɗaya. Mayafin yarinyar baƙar fata ne ban da banbancin ciki mai launin toka. Baya ga uwaye, sauran mata na iya shiga aikin tarbiyyar su.

Ciyar da madara ya kai shekaru 1.5. Sauyi a hankali zuwa abinci mai tsafta yana farawa ne daga watanni shida. Maan shekara uku sun bar ƙungiyar iyaye, kuma mata yawanci suna zama a ciki don rayuwa. Suna yin jima'i cikin shekaru 5-7.

Bayanin

Tsawon jiki shine cm 48-68. Wutsiya tana da ɗan tsawo fiye da jiki. Matan suna da nauyin kilogram 11-12, kuma maza za su iya kaiwa nauyin kilogram 18-20. Weight iya bambanta ƙwarai dangane da yanayin muhalli da yanayi.

An zana gangar jikin da gabar jiki a wasu inuwoyi masu launin shuɗi iri-iri. Baya da wutsiya duhu launin ruwan kasa. Jawo yana da tsawo.

Fuskar fari da tsirara. A kusa da idanu, fentin fenti a cikin shuɗi. Hanci hanci ne ko kuma gajere. An gabatar da hancin hanci A cikin tsofaffin mutane, sun kusan kai gaban goshi.

Shekarun birai masu zinare na zinare sun kusan shekaru 20. A cewar kimomi daban-daban, an kiyasta yawan mutane daga dabbobi 10 zuwa 20,000.