Zamanin Archean

Zamani na kariya

Paleozoic zamanin

Zamanin Mesozoic

Duk dinosaur Ma'anar Sharuddan Yara game da dinosaur Labaran Dinosaur

Ankylosaurus

Ankylosaurus : "pangolin mai lankwasa" "pangolin mai fannoni."
Lokacin rayuwa: ƙarshen zamanin Cretaceous - kimanin shekaru miliyan 74-65 da suka gabata
Squad: Kaji
Suborder: Ankylosaurs
Abubuwan gama gari na ankylosaurs:
- tafiya akan kafafu huɗu
- ci ciyayi
- baya daga wutsiya zuwa kai an rufe shi da makamai na kashi
Bangarori:
tsawon 10 - 11 m
tsayi - mita 2.5
nauyi - 4 tan.
Abinci mai gina jiki: dinosaur herbivorous
Gano: 1908, Amurka

Ankylosaurus ya kasance na gaske tanki na zamanin Mesozoic. Orarfin makamai mai ƙarfi ya rufe jikinsa, kuma a kan wutsiya akwai maɓallin ƙasusuwa mai ƙarfi. Ankylosaurus ya kasance mai haɗari har ma da masu zafin rai rashin ƙarfi ko albertosaurus. Ankylosaurs sun sami sunan don girmamawa ga halayyar sifa, da kaifi concavity na gangar jikin hakarkarinsa a waje (a Girkanci, mai lankwasa, mai lankwasa)

Shugaban:
Shugaban ankylosaurus yana da siffar triangular kuma ya ƙare tare da baki mai kama da beak na aku ta zamani. Kwanyar, tsawon mita 1, tana da fadi da kauri. Kasusuwa na kwanyar ya kasance cikin fatsi-fatsi mai kama da tsari. Kwakwalwa karami ce. An sanya manyan ƙaho biyu a kan kai, ana jera su baya, faranti kashin kan ƙyalli a rufe idanunsu.

An kare shugaban a gindin kwanyar ta hanyar murfin leken asiri mai siffar triangular. Hakora sun yi zurfi a cikin bakin kuma suna kanana. Jaws din ba su ci gaba ba, amma har yanzu sun dace da ire-iren abubuwan shuka.

Kayayyakin aiki da tsarin jiki:

Ankylosaurs - manyan dinosaur suna motsawa akan gajeru huɗu masu ƙarfi. Jikin ankylosaurus ya dade yana kama da bas na yau da kullun.

Dukkanin sassan jikin ankylosaurus, ko kuma wani bangare na jikinsa daga kai zuwa wutsiya, an rufe shi da nau'ikan nau'ikan haɓaka kasusuwa, jijiyoyi da toka. A ƙasa dinosaur ba shi da kariya. Wannan ba karamin rauni ne na ankylosaurus ba. Bayan kafur mai kauri

ankylosaurus yana da babban "ƙungiyar" babban kashi a ƙarshen wutsiya. Matar ta yi kusan sau 5-6 girman ta mutum. Canjin irin wannan mace, dinosaur na iya buge da m ikon a kan abokan gaba.
Dinosaur ya yi birgima daga sama kuma zai yi kama da kunkuru idan ba don babban wutsiyarsa mai ƙarfi tare da ƙungiyar kasusuwa mai ƙarfi a ƙarshen ba. Tailashin dinosaur tare da mace a ƙarshen sashin an saita shi ta hanyar tsokoki suna ƙarƙashin ginin wutsiya.

Kariya:

Ankylosaurus ya rayu a lokaci guda tare da dinosaurs irin su azzalumi da kuma albertosaurus. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne saboda irin wannan kayan aiki. Rashin ankylosaurus kusan ba a iya fahimtarsa ​​daga sama. Ganin girma na likitan ilimin tsinkaye na zamani, an kare lafiyar ankylosaurus da kyau.
Ganin hatsarin, nan da nan anlolosaurus ya shiga kare. Kwakwalwar ankylosaurus kankanta ce. Sabili da haka, idan akwai haɗari, zai iya kai hari ga theropod.

Dinosaur ya juya zuwa gefe ga maharin yana jira-da-wutsiyarsa daga gefe zuwa wani dan lokaci ya buge. Tare da irin wannan bugun, ankylosaurus ba kawai zai iya bayyana wa masu farautar cewa ba zai yiwu a ci abincin rana ba, amma har ma da rauni mai rauni. Tare da bugun jini guda ɗaya, ankylosaurus zai iya karya kashi ko lalata gabobin ciki na dinosaur na tsinkaye.

Duk da irin wannan rashin dacewar, ankylosaurus ya sami rauni mai rauni. Gaskiyar ita ce makamai sun rufe rabin dinosaur kawai. Ba a kare ciki da ankylosaurus ba. Idan masu hasashen za su iya juya ankylosaurus a bayan sa, da ba zai sami damar kuɓuta ba.
Amma juya dinosaur mai nauyin tan 4 ba aiki bane mai sauki.

Rayuwa:

Yawancin dinosaurs na herbivorous yakan jagoranci rayuwar dabbobi. Wannan yana taimaka musu kare kansu daga dinosaurs na ɗanɗano. Zuwa yau, masana ilimin binciken burbushin halittu basu samo tarin tarin ragowar ankylosaurs ba, misali yana tare da tsarin hanyoyin kimiyya. Wataƙila, ankylosaurs sun rayu da kansu.

Ankylosaurs na da ƙarancin cuban. A ƙarshen Cretaceous, wannan ya zama matsala gama gari ga duk abubuwan dinosaur. A cewar masana kimiyya, wannan ya faru ne sakamakon canje-canje a cikin yanayin.
Manyan anklosaurs na manya zasu iya rayuwa tsawon rai, saboda makaman su da jijiyoyinsu ya sanya kusan su zama masu yiwuwa. Kyakkyawan kariya shine mabuɗin don nasarar ankylosaurs.

Cikakken bayanin jikin

A duban farko, ankylosaurus, ko kuma saman jikinta, yayi kama da kyan akwal da aka yi ado da dabbar kunar bakin. Gabaɗaya, dinosaur daga kai zuwa wutsiya an lullube shi da makaman ƙashi tare da ƙwanƙwasa ƙasusuwa masu ƙyalƙyali, waɗanda suke da nauyi sosai, wanda ya rage yawan motsi, amma yana bayar da kyakkyawan kariya. Jikin ya kasance mai tsayi, mai tsayi tsayi daidai da motocin bas na yanzu.

Labarin Gano

• A cikin 1900, Brown ya samo ologoderms na ankylosaurus 77 a cikin yadudduka na Lance, Wyoming samuwar, waɗanda aka fara kuskuren kiransu azaman azabtarwa.
• A karon farko ragowar ankylosaurus (lat. Ankylosaurus) Mai binciken burbushin halittu Peter Caysen ne ya gano su a cikin shekarar 1906 yayin balaguro zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Kayan Tarihi na Amurka wanda Barnum Brown ya jagoranta a cikin Tsarin Gidan Wuta na Jahannama, Montana, Amurka.
• Brown ne ya bayyana wani nau'in samfurin (holotype) a shekarar 1908. A cikin holotype (AMNH 5895), an sami ɓangaren ɓangaren kwanyar, haƙo biyu, vertebrae na mahaifa biyar, 11 dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, brapupu dama, haƙarƙarin da osteoderma.
• A cikin 1910, wani sabon balaguron wanda Brown ya jagoranta, a cikin shimfidar halittar Skollard, Alberta, Kanada, yayi nasarar gano samfurin da ya haɗa da mace ta farko da ta ƙarshen ƙarshen wutsiya ta ankylosaurus. Kimini mil daga wannan wuri a shekarar 1947, masu tattara burbushin Charles Mortram Sternberg da T. Potter Chamney sun gano kwanyar da jajayen ankylosaurus. Wannan shine mafi girman sananniyar kwanyar dinosaur (AMNH 5214) cikakkiyar kwanyar, hagu da dama, ribs guda shida, vertebrae caudal bakwai tare da ƙungiyar masu dangantaka, hagu da dama, hagu na hagu, ƙashi na hagu, fibula dama da makamin fata.
• A cikin shekarun 1960s, an samo caudal vertebrae, osteoderma, da hakora a cikin Jahannama Creek, Montana samuwar.
• Samfuran da aka ambata a cikin hoto:

AMNH 5866: 77 osteoderm faranti da ƙananan osteoderm,

CCM V03: ɓangaren dunbin dunƙule vertebrae,

NMC 8880: kwanyar hagu da ƙananan hagu.

• Kashi na farko na sunan sunan an fassara shi daga Girkanci a matsayin "karkataccen", "lanƙwasa" - ma'anar ankylosis, wanda haɗin gwiwa ke haɓakawa saboda fushin kashi. Maimaitawar bayyanar ankylosaurus wanda Brown ya kirkira ya bambanta da na zamani, tunda masanin kimiyya a cikin aikinsa ya jagoranci shi ta hanyar sake gina stegosaurus da glyptodon.

Tsarin kwarangwal

Ankylosaurus shine mafi girman wakilin dangin sa. Ya kasance mai kafaffun kafa hudu, kafaffun kafafu masu tsawo fiye da na gaba. Yawancin ƙasusuwa kasusuwa, da suka haɗa da mafi yawan kasusuwa na ƙashin ƙugu, wutsiya da ƙafa, har yanzu ba a samo su ba. Holotype na dinosaur ya ƙunshi saman ɓangaren kwanyar, hakora biyu, ɓangare na ɗayan kafada, vertebrae daga dukkan sassan, haƙarƙarinsa da fiye da 30 osteoderms. Rashin kafada kafada 61.5 cm mai tsayi tare da coracoid. Specaya daga cikin samfurin ya ƙunshi cikakken kwanyar da ƙananan muƙamula, haƙarƙari, kasusuwa, mace, da osteoderm. Humerus ɗin samfurin gajere ne, faɗe, game da 51 cm tsayi. Farjin wannan samfurin yana da tsayi, mai ƙarfi, tsawon cm cm 67. hindafafun gwiwar ankylosaurus suna da yatsu uku, kamar sauran danginsu.

Hanyoyin juyawar murfin mahaifa (duba hoto a cikin hoton) na ankylosaurus suna da yawa. Tsawonsu a hankali yana ƙaruwa daga farko zuwa garte na ƙarshe. A gaban dunƙule hanyoyin yaduwar haɓaka ne (wuraren haɗuwar jijiyoyi ko jijiya), wanda ya nuna kasancewar yayin rayuwar jijiyoyin da suka goyi bayan babban dinosaur. Jikin dorteal vertebrae yafi fadi da tsawo, kuma hanyoyin aikinsu gajere ne kuma kunkuntar. Wadannan hanyoyin sun kawar da jijiyoyin wuya wadanda suka mamaye jijiyar wuya. Latterarshen suna kasance tare da juna, wanda ke iyakance motsi na baya zuwa ƙasa. Kirjin ankylosaurus yana da fadi. Akwai burbushi da aka makala a jikin hakarkarin. Riarshen haƙarƙarin na kashin huɗun na ƙarshe sun haɗu tare da su. Jikin caudal vertebrae amphicelic ne (yana ɗauka sosai a cikin gaban da baya).

Tsarin kwanyar

Shahararrun sanannun dinosaur uku sun bambanta daki-daki - shaidar bambance-bambance na mutum tsakanin mutane, kazalika da yanayin jana'izar bayan mutuwa. Kwanyar tana da girma, sau uku a sifa. A gaban ya kasance wani ƙyali da ƙasusuwan premaxillary suka kirkira. Orbits suna zagaye ko dan kadan m. Idanun ba su dabbaka idanu ga bangarorin ba, kamar yadda kwanyar ta kekantacce zuwa bakin. Akwatin kwanyar takaice ne kuma mai iko.

Hanyoyin da ke sama da ido na ido suna haɗu tare da ƙaho Pyramidal waɗanda ƙasusuwa suka ƙunsa. An karkatar da su gaba da baya. A ƙarƙashin manyan ƙaho sune ƙananan ƙananan, waɗanda ƙasusuwan zygomatic suka kafa. An karkatar da su zuwa sama da baya. A saman kwanyar akwai kananun maganganu (kasusuwa masu laushi, osteoderms wanda yake rufe kashin kwanyar). Tsarin da suka kirkira ya bambanta ga kowane samfurin dinosaur, amma wasu bayanai sun zama ruwan dare. Sanya hancin ya kasance a bangarorin murabus ɗin, tsakanin no hanci a gaban shi babban rhomboid ne ko hexagonal caputegula, scaly biyu da ke saman kwandon ido, da kuma murfin baya bayan kwanyar.

Sashin gwiwa na kwanyar (rostrum) yana hawa da kafafunmu kuma angare ankushe. Straƙƙarfan hanci yana da faɗi, ana karkatar da su zuwa ga bangarorin. Ba a bayyane daga gaba ba, kamar yadda sinadaran paranasal suke kamar dized ga ɓangarorin ƙasusuwa na premaxillary. Babban loreal caputegulum rostrum akan tarnaƙi ya rufe hanyoyin buɗe hanyoyin hanci. A cikin su, septum na ciki yana raba madaidaicin sassa daga hanci. Akwai zunubai guda biyar a kowane ɓangaren ɓangaren dutse, waɗanda guda huɗu ne aka shimfiɗa su zuwa kasusuwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin hanci na ankylosaurus suna da tsawo kuma sun rabu da juna ta wurin septum tare da ramuka biyu.

An shimfida kasusuwa jaw zuwa bangarorin. Suna da combs don haɗa kumatun cheeks. Ofaya daga cikin samfuran yana da hakora 34-35 a kowane gefen babban muƙamuƙi na sama. Wannan ya fi sauran membobin iyali. Tsawon farjin ya kasance santimita 20. Kusa da alveoli inda yakamata a sami haƙoran haƙora, tukwicin hakoran maye. Jawarshen muƙamuƙin dinosaur ba shi da kusanci da tsayinsa. Idan aka duba daga gefe, hakoran kai tsaye ba a hawa yake ba. Cikakken ƙananan muƙamuƙin 41 cm tsabtace ne kawai a cikin mafi ƙimin samfurin. Bai cika ba - a cikin samfurin mafi girma. Akwai hakora 35 a gefen hagu na samfurin farko, kuma 36 a hannun dama .. Hakoran gajere ne. Hakora - ƙarami, mai siffar ganye, mai gauraya a kaikaice, sama da faɗi. A ƙarshen jere, hakora suna lankwashewa. Sideaya daga cikin gefen rawanin ya yi laushi fiye da ɗayan. Wannan alama ce ta ankylosaurus. Hakoran hakora a cikin hakoran dinosaur suna da yawa, daga gaba - daga 6 zuwa 8, daga baya - daga 5 zuwa 7. Nemi nunin faifai tare da hoton hoton hakoran ankylosaurus a cikin gidan hoton.

Kariyar Predator

Abun makamai na Ankylosaurus ya ƙunshi osteoderms - cones da faranti - fashewar ƙashi a fata. Ba a same su cikin asalin halitta tare da kasusuwa na kasusuwa ba, amma kwatantawa tare da sauran membobin dangi sun taimaka wajen gyara matsayin su akan jikin dinosaur. Tsarin da girman osteoderms sun tashi daga 1 zuwa 35.5 cm Smallananan ƙananan osteoderms da ossifications sun kasance tsakanin manyan. Akwai ossifications biyu zagaye a wuyan dinosaur, duk da cewa gutsuttsura ne kawai aka san su. Sun rufe wuyan a cikin rabin zobe. Kowane ɗayansu yana da osteoderms shida tare da ginin tushe.

Stewaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bayan kai tsaye a bayan abubuwan abubuwan mahaifa sun kasance iri ɗaya ne. Daga nan sai nisan su ya rage zuwa wutsiyar. Siffar osteoderm a cikin tarnaƙi na jikin ta ya zama murabba'i banda lokacin ƙyallen. Triangular, a gefe ana matsa tsoffin osteoderms a gefen bangarorin ƙashin ƙugu da wutsiya. Ban da, osteoderms mai launin sawaye da aka-yi kasance a goshin.

Matar da ke ƙarshen ƙarshen dinosaur ta ƙunshi manyan osteoderms guda biyu, wanda akwai wasu are ananan yara da abubuwa biyu a saman. Suna ɓoye vertebra na ƙarshe. Mace sanannu ne kawai a misalta guda daya. Tsawonsa shine 60 cm, nisa - 49 cm, tsawo - 19 cm Mace mafi girman samfurin ankylosaurus tayi gwargwadon nisa na santimita 57. Idan an duba shi daga sama, sifar matar dinosaur itace semicircular. Arshe caan bayan kafa bakwai na baya suna zama "hilt" na ƙungiyar. Babu wata matattarar magana a tsakanin su, suna ta motsa suna motsawa. Abubuwan da ke cikin vertebrae a gaban matar an kawar da su, tare da kara karfafa zane. Bonesashin kasusuwa na iya karya saboda mace daga babban maɗaukaki. Ankylosaurus ya sami damar sauya wutsiyarsa ga bangarorin a wani kusurwa 100.

Anodontosaurus, Euplocephalus, Scolosaurus, Ziapelt, Talarur, Nodocephalosaurus.

Ambaci a cikin zane-zane

• Ma'aikata na cikin shirin "Gano: Batutuwan Dinosaur", 2009, a cikin jerin 3 "Masu kare"
• jerin wasannin "Dinosaur Train", 2009-2017 Ankylosaurus mai suna Hank ya bayyana sau uku a cikin jerin. Shi ne mafi kyawun ɗan wasan dinoball.
• Zamani na Zamani na Dinosaurs, 2010. Mai zaluntar mutane ya kai hari ga ankylosaurus. Bayan meteorite ya fadi, ankylosaurs da yawa sun mutu daga zafin gajimaren hayaki. Mai fama da yunwa da raunana ankylosaurus yana gwagwarmaya tare da guda ɗaya na tsararrakin daji. Wani rauni mai rauni ya tashi ya kashe wannan ankylosaurus.
• karamin fim din "Dinosaur Era", 2011, a cikin jerin 4 "ofarshen Wasan"
• fim din "Jurassic World", 2015. Wani garken ankylosaurs yana tserewa daga Indominus rex. Ofayansu ya doke girosphere tare da gwarzo. Maharbi yakan kama mutum, sai ya kashe ankylosaurus ɗaya.
• fim din "Jurassic World 2", 2018. Ankilosaurus ya gudu daga dutsen da dutsen kuma ya tsalle cikin teku. Ana ba da dabbar da aka kubutar da su zuwa yankin Lockwood don gwanjo.
• shirin gaskiya "Yin tafiya tare da Dinosaurs", 1999, a cikin jerin 6 "Mutuwar daular"
• fim din "Jurassic Park 3", 2001. A cikin fina-finai.

Littafin Magana

• Encyclopedia a cikin Hakikanin Gaskiya "Dinosaurs: Daga Compsognath zuwa Ramforinh"
  
• "Asali na binciken burbushin halittu (a cikin kundin 15), juz'i na 12. Amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye", 1964, p. 575-576
• Dinosaurs ga yara "

• Joachim Opperman, "Dinosaurs" daga jerin "Menene Menene", 1994, shafi 11, 34-35
• Bailey Jill, Seddon Toney, Duniyar Prehistoric, 1998, shafi 111
• Michael Benton, Dinosaurs, 2001, shafi na 38, 56, 60
• David Burney, The Illustrated Dinosaur Encyclopedia, 2002, shafi 165
• Johnson Ginny, “Komai Game da Komai. Daga Diplodocus zuwa Stegosaurus ”, 2002, p. 52-53
• L. Kamburnak “Dinosaurs da sauran dabbobin da suka lalace”, 2007, shafi 50-51
• Dougal Dixon, Encyclopedia na Duniyar Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Halittar, 2008, 381
• Gregory Paul, Jagorar Filin Gaggawa na Dinosaurs 2010 da 2016 a shafi na 234-235 da 265, bi da bi
• Tamara Green, "Dinosaurs Cikakken Encyclopedia", 2015, pp 66-69, 226, 249
• K. Yeskov, “Abin mamakin binciken burbushin halittu. Tarihin Duniya da rayuwa a kanta ”, 2016, shafi na 179-180
• D. Hawn, “Labarun Tarihin Tyrannosaurus Rex. Halittar halitta da juyin halittar shahararrun magabata a duniya ”, 2017
• D. Nash, P. Barrett, “Dinosaurs. Shekaru 150,000,000 na mamaye duniya, 2019

Labarin Wasanni

• Warpath: Jurassic Park, nau'in: wasan fada, 1999. An gabatar da Ankilosaurus a cikin bambance-bambancen guda uku: fari, launin shuɗi-baki da azurfa.
• Jurassic Park: Operation Farawa, nau'in: simulator na tattalin arziki, 2003. Yana son yanayi mai ruwa da tsayi. Zai iya shiga cikin duels tare da azzalumi. Yana da lafiyar mafi girma a wasan - 1600 buga maki.
• Zoo Tycoon 2: Dabbobin Dabbobi, nau'in: na'urar kwaikwayo na tattalin arziki, 2007. Ba ya amfani da mace don tsaro, amma yana iya kai farmaki baƙi tare da shi. Zan iya gudu A sauƙaƙe kashe da masu cin abincin rabin ƙarami.
• Dinosaur King, salo: tsarin wasan Nintendo DS, 2008
• Duniya Jurassic: Wasan, nau'in: Simulator ta hannu, 2015. Abincin da ba a taɓa samu ba. Ankylosaurus za a iya ƙetare shi tare da diflolocus da kuma samun matasan.
• "Saurian", nau'in: aiki, 2017. Rikicin kuma ba a iya bugawa ba, a ƙarƙashin ikon AI. Lokacin da ya kusanto shi, dan wasan yana murza wutsiyarsa da mace. Kuna iya kashewa ta hanyar ciji sau da yawa a wuyan wuyan.
• ARK: Tsira da Juzu'i, salo: samfurin na'urar kwaikwayo, 2017Ankylosaurus na iya zama tamed kuma hawa, idan kun sami madaidaicin madaidaici.

• Juyin Halittar Jurassic, nau'in: simulator na tattalin arziki, 2018