Ga mutane da yawa, beraye baƙi ne da ba a so a cikin gidan. Amma a cikin Sin, suna iya zama abin sha akan tebur. Berayen berayen kasar Sin (Rhizomys), waɗanda ake ganin zai yiwu a ɗaukar daskarar da ƙwayar cuta na coronavirus, tun ƙarni da yawa ana neman tushen abinci a ƙasar kuma yana da ƙima ga abinci mai gina jiki.
Dubun-dubatar manoma ne suka karbe su, da dafa abinci suka yi ta hanyoyi da dama, kuma masu amfani da yanar gizo sun nuna “dalilai 100 na cin su” har sai cutar ta bar ciniki.
Bamboo berayen an san su da sihirinsu da siket dinsu. Wannan nau'in daji na dabbobin da ke ciyar da kera na iya girma har zuwa santimita 45 a tsayi kuma ta yi nauyi zuwa kilo biyar. An yi imani da cewa, Sinawa suna cinye su sosai a zamanin daular Zhou (shekaru 1046-256. BC. E.).
A cewar maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin, namansu zai iya tsabtace jikin gubobi da inganta ayyukan ciki da jijiyoyi. An bayyana amfanin lafiyar lafiyar wannan berayen a cikin tsohuwar sanannan ilimin likitanci na kasar Sin Ben Cao Gang Mu, wanda shahararren masanin ilimin likitanci kuma likita Li Shizhen ya rubuta a ƙarni na 16. Littafin ya bayyana wadannan dabbobin a matsayin "zoben da ke da irin zomo wanda mutane da yawa ke ci da dandanawa kamar daskararre."
Shahararren berayen bera a cikin kasar Sin ya karu a shekarar 2018 lokacin da wasu matasa biyu daga Lardin Jiangxi suka fara yin bidiyo na yadda suka ke kiwon wadannan dabbobin. Manoma na kasar Sin sun riga sun mallaki wannan nau'in daji a cikin shekarun 1990s, amma bayan bayyanar 'yan uwan Hua Nong ne kawai suka zama abincin kayan abinci na zamani na shekaru dubu.
'Yan uwan Hua Nong sun zo da dalilai daban-daban na cin berayen, kuma sun nuna wa masu sauraro yadda ake yanka su da kuma dafa su. Hotunan bidiyon su sun shahara sosai cewa, a shekarar 2018, a kan Weibo, takwaran na kasar Sin ga Twitter, taken da ake kira “Dalilai 100 na Cin Rashin Bam”
A ɗayan shafukan yanar gizon taron, an jera hanyoyi daban daban 30 na dafa nama na bera - daga gasa zuwa soya a kwanon ruɓa da kuma miya. Labaran dandalin suna iƙirarin cewa waɗannan berayen suna da wadataccen furotin kuma suna iya sa waɗanda suka ci su da kyau.
Tun bayan barkewar cutar coronavirus a Wuhan a watan Disamba, masana kimiyya sun yi kokarin sanin asalin tushen kwayar cutar, kuma galibin masana sun yi imanin cewa an watsa kwayar cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 ga mutane daga dabbobin daji. Duk da cewa har yanzu ba a san ainihin musabbabin cutar ba, Dr. Zhong Nanshan, babban masanin cutar a China, ya ce a cikin watan Janairu cewa barkewar na iya danganta da cin berayen bera ko bad. Sauran kwararrun sun ambaci jemagu, macizai, ko pangolins a matsayin wataƙila asalinsu.
Sinawa suna cizon babbar RATS game da naman 'abinci mai gina jiki' - kafin a dakatar dasu saboda coronavirushttps: //t.co/S25Kb2N9fN
A watan Fabrairu, babban kwamitin majalisar dokoki ta kasar Sin ya dakatar da duk wani ciniki da cin namun daji dangane da rikicin kiwon lafiya. A wancan lokacin, yawancin gonaki na kasar Sin suna dauke da nau'ikan bera miliyan 25, akasarinsu a yankuna na Kudancin kasar, kamar Guangxi da Guangdong, inda mazauna karkara suke kamar nama. Yanzu ci gaban wannan masana'anta babbar tambaya ce.
Dr. Peter Lee ya ce kusan kashi 10% na berayen za a zabi kuma a kashe su a nan kusa. Ya karyata fa'idodin lafiyar da ake zargin cin naman su, yana mai kiransa “masu ra’ayin kare-kai” wadanda ke goyon bayan irin wadannan ra'ayoyin na kimiyya. Dr. Li ya yi kira ga gwamnatin kasar Sin da ta taimaka wa manoma su canza zuwa "wasu hanyoyin da za su iya danganta kansu da samun kudin shiga, kamar su namomin kaza."
Har yanzu China ba ta yanke shawara ko haramcin kasuwanci da kuma cin namun daji dokoki ne na dindindin, kuma wanne nau'in zai shafa. Koyaya, a cewar Ma Yong, mataimakin sakatare na Asusun Rayayyar Halittu da Asusun Raya Green, ya nuna cewa da alama za'a mayar da berayen bera a teburin cin abinci.
Gano dalilin da yasa aka ba da izinin jaka na filastik a San Francisco a karo na farko a cikin shekaru 13 ta hanyar hana jakar jaka.
"Ina da shekara 10 da rabuwa." Menene aurenta
Babban berayen duniya a cikin daji
Mice sune babban nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wasu wakilai sun gwammace suyi nesa da mazaunin ɗan adam, wasu kuma akasin haka, zauna kusa da mutane.
A girman da ya wuce gasar - wata katuwar Papuan bera, kwanan nan aka gano ta tsibirin Papua, a cikin New Guinea.
Tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita 1, wutsiya - 30 cm. Dabbobi basu taɓa saduwa da mutane ba, don haka basa tsoron su ko kaɗan. A yau, masanan kimiyya suna yin nazarin rodents.
Babban beraye a duniya iri ne da yawa.
Reed bera
Dabbobin sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a Afirka. Kafin gano bera Papuan, Reed ya kasance jagora cikin girma da nauyi. Tsawon manyan mutane shine 60 cm, jela shine cm 26. Babban bera na iya yin nauyi zuwa kilo 9.
A cikin bayyanar, ƙugiya tana kama da nutria: shugabanta babba ne tare da ƙananan idanu, ƙoshin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarewa yana ƙare da maƙalaran ƙaƙƙarfan iko, kunnuwa suna zagaye, gashi yana da taushi, yayi kama da ciyawa.
Bera yana zaune a cikin daɓka na kwari, ɓoye, daga inda aka samo sunan shi. Dabbobi suna iyo sosai, suna rayuwa cikin ramuka waɗanda suke gina kansu.
Ana amfani da tsire-tsire a cikin abinci: hatsi, abarba, sukari, kabeji. Abin da ya sa a cikin aikin gona ana sanya su azaman kwari. Mazauna Afirka suna cin abincin karas don abinci, suna amfani dashi don dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano.
Bam ɗin bera
Mafi girman nau'in dangin Slepyshov. Isar da cm 48 a tsawon, tare da wutsiya ta cm cm 15. Aka rarraba a Thailand da ƙasashen Asiya.
Tare da taimakon hakora masu ƙarfi da kaɗa, manyan beraye a sauƙaƙe gina ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa mai zurfi, inda suke zama. Sun sami suna saboda wurin zama - matattarar itacen wuta. Abubuwan da aka fi so suna bi da tushe, asalinsu, 'ya'yan itacen bamboo, da' ya'yan itatuwa.
Dankali
Dabbobin kangaroo iri-iri, sun kai har zuwa cm 41 a tsayi. An samo shi a tsibiran Tasmania, a Ostiraliya. Gumi yana motsawa akan wata gabar jiki, a tsalle-tsalle, saboda haka, yana kama da kangaroo, amma a sigar karami.
A cikin neman abinci, waɗannan manyan berayen daji suna fita da dare, a lokacin da suka gwammace su huta a cikin kwarmansu. Abincin ƙwayoyin dabbobi ya ƙunshi abinci na shuka, namomin kaza da kwari. Matan na tsawon watanni 4 suna dauke da jarirai a cikin jaka a ciki. Wani fasali na dabba shine dogayen gashi a wutsiya.
Babban bera, pasuk
Irin wannan nau'in ya yadu sosai a ƙasarmu. Tsawon jikin manyan dabbobi ya kai 40 cm, wutsiyarsa sau 2 kenan. Manoma suna son su zauna kusa da jikkunan ruwa. Don gidaje, sun tono burrows na mita-zurfi a cikin ƙasa mai kwance.
Babban bera yana kawo rashin damuwa da yawa ga mutane, saboda ya fi dacewa lokacin hunturu a gine-ginen gona ko gidajen mutane.
Pasyuki - masu farautar dabbobi, suna ciyar da dabbobi da abinci. Lokaci zuwa lokaci suna kaiwa mutane da dabbobi hari. Kwari suna da haɗari ga lafiya, saboda kwari suna ɗauke da manyan cututtuka.
Beraye na Turkestan
Yana faruwa a kan yankin Indiya, Tashkent, jeri na Turkestan, Tsakiyar Asiya, yankin tsaunukan Tien Shan. Ya fi son tsaunuka ko gandun daji tare da yanayi mai sanyi da kuma yanayin zafi mai zafi
Manyan berayen daji sun girma har zuwa 25 cm, tsawon wutsiya kusan iri ɗaya ne, ƙasa da centan santimita. Bayyanar girman tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin bera da baƙar fata.
Kwakwalwar Turkestan tana ciyarwa akan tsire-tsire. A cikin bazara - tare da albasarta overwintered da tsaba, a lokacin rani - tare da harbe na ganye, a cikin kaka - tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsaba, walnuts. Akwai maganganun lokacin da dabbobi suka ci dabbobin ƙasa, kajinsu da ƙwai, mollusks, da ƙananan ƙananan bera.
Tsarin jinsunan bera suna zaune a cikin daji, wasu sun cika gidaje na mutane da wasu gine-gine, suna lalata amfanin gona, suna haifar da lahani ga aikin gona.
Berayen birni mafi girma
A cikin yanayin birane, rayuwar ƙwaƙwalwa tana da kusanci da mutane. Sau da yawa, kwari suna zaune ginin gida da ƙananan benaye na gine-gine. Idan yawan jama'a yayi girma, dabbobin zasu shiga mafi girma, har suka kai ga hauren.
A lokacin dumi, dabbobi suna mamaye burukan da aka gina a wuraren budewa.: a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, ciyawa da sauran wurare. Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, berayen suna motsawa kusa da zafi da abinci - zuwa mazaunin ɗan adam, ginin gona.
Babban berayen birni baƙar fata ne da pasyuki, amma ba su yaɗu ko'ina ba, amma kawai akwai wadataccen ruwa da abinci. Idan babu abinci, rodents sun sami damar motsawa daga gida don 3 km.
A ɗaka, dabbobi suna shiga ta hanyar fasa ko lalata - abubuwan shigarwa, hanyoyin rufe hanyoyin, hanyoyin rufe kofofin, tagogin taga da suka lalace. Wasu lokuta rodents suna motsawa ta bututun magudanar ruwa, shigar da barin gidan ta bayan gida.
Dabbobi suna dacewa da tsakar dare ko faɗuwar rana. A ranar suna ɓoyewa daga mutane, kasancewa cikin manyan gidaje ko wasu mafaka. Rayuwar berayen launin toka suna da alaƙa da gidan nasu. Anan suna samun ingantacciyar kariya daga makiya, suna ɓoyewa daga mummunan yanayi, har ila yau suna ciyar da cubasan.
Don gidaje, dabbobi sun tono ramuka na ƙasa har zuwa zurfin 60 cm, jimlar madaidaicin sassa na iya isa zuwa 2 - 5 m. Rodents suna gina gida a ƙarƙashin rumfa, tsakanin hannun jari, tarkace ginin ko ɓoye a bango, bene.
Dabbobin za su iya rayuwa a ƙasa ɗaya ginin ba tare da ƙaura zuwa wani wuri ba. Maimaitawa yana faruwa yayin babban gyara, rushewar tsarin. A lokaci guda, ba su yi nisa ba, suna cika gine-ginen makwabta a nesa na 300 - 400 m. Idan ya cancanta, za su iya watsar da kilomita da yawa, wanda ke ba da gudummawar rarraba dabbobi.
Pasyuk suna zaune a cikin ƙananan kabilu, ƙungiyoyi ko iyalai, ya ƙidaya mutane 5 zuwa 15. Kowannensu ya mamaye yankinsa, wanda ya kai 50 m². A cikin wannan yanki, dabbobi suna samun duk abin da ake buƙata don rayuwa: tsari, abinci, ruwa. Iyakokin bera suna alama da fitsarin kansu. A wurin da aka zaɓa, masu sarƙaƙƙun suna ba da izinin burbushin ƙasa, shimfidar gida, da hanyoyin motsi.
Yawan dabbobi da ke mallakar gine-ginen mazaunin sun canza tare da canjin yanayi. A cikin bazara, adadinsu yana ƙaruwa saboda haɓakar matasa, a kaka - saboda isowar daidaikun mutane daga wasu kabilu da abubuwan saukar ruwa na bazara.
Bishiyoyi mafi girma a Rasha
An samo dabbobi ko'ina a cikin ƙasarmu: a cikin yanayi, kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Daga cikin nau'ikan daji da aka samo:
- babban launin toka
- baki
- Turkestan, ja.
A cikin Rasha, mafi girma bera, pasku, ya girma har zuwa 25 cm, ban da tsawon wutsiya. A wannan yanayin, nauyin ya kai 400 g, a wasu lokuta ana samun daidaikun mutane har zuwa 500. Baƙar fata sun ɗan ƙanƙan da su zuwa na launin toka, girmansu ya kai 18 - 22 cm, kuma nauyin 300 g .. Theananan ƙananan sune Turkestan redheads. Tsawon jiki ya kai 17 - 21 cm, nauyi - 280 g.
Akwai tatsuniyoyin da manyan dabbobi masu rai ke zaune a tsirrai masu guba, haka kuma tsakanin mazaunan magudanar ruwa, wanda ya kai nauyin 1 kg. Girman su an kwatanta su da manyan kuliyoyi. Amma wannan bayanin bai sami tabbacin hukuma ba.
Direbobi masu motoci na Moscow suna ƙaunar tsoratar da wasu game da labarun tsoro game da ƙyalli waɗanda suka mamaye tashoshin karkashin ƙasa. Wadannan dabbobin, da girman girman babban kare, suna da jan idanu ko kore wadanda suke konewa da wani irin haske. Dodanni suna da saurin wuce gona da iri, rigakafi ga kwari da guba.
Labarin Chilling bai sami tabbaci na ainihi ba. Mafi girma a cikin Russia sune pasyuki tare da tsawon jikin 40 cm, kuma ba tare da wutsiya ba - cm 25 Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa duk labarun da aka yi game da berayen bebaye ba komai bane illa zato.
Pasyuki ku ci abincin da ya ragu a cikin kayan shara, zai iya cin tsire da abincin dabbobi. Mamayar tsokoki suna tsoratar da mutane da yawa game da lalacewar abubuwa da samfura, halayen m, da kuma cututtukan da ke haɗari da waɗannan dabbobi.
Mafi kusancin dangi na Pasyuk shine bera mai baƙar fata, wanda ya fi son a zauna a cikin kayan ɗaki, a cikin ɗakuna, bushe. Tsawon jikin dabba mai girma shine 22 cm, kuma nauyinta bai wuce 300 g ba .. Ba za a iya kwatanta nau'ikan dabbobi iri biyu da girma tare da cat ko kare ba, saboda haka dukkan labarun game da mamayewar berayen bera zai haifar da baƙin ƙarfe.
Babban berayen cikin gida
Yawancin mazauna Russia suna da ƙwaƙwalwa a gida, suna la'akari da su masu fasaha sosai. An nuna dabbobi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje, saboda haka, kada ku haifar da barazanar kiwon lafiya. Kyawawan kayan ado suna da hankali kan sadarwa tare da mutum, a haɗe zuwa ga maigidansu.
Dangane da kiwo, girman dabbobi ya kai 20 cm, tare da nauyin har zuwa 350 g. An kuma sami manyan mutane, sun kai nauyin fiye da 500 g. Amma irin wannan rikodin shine sakamakon wucewa da haɓaka kiba a cikin dabba.
Manyan kiwo sun hada da:
- Daidaitawa. Jinsin ya yadu cikin duniya. Tsawon jiki ya kai 30 cm, nauyi - har zuwa 500 g. Duk da girman ban sha'awa, yanayin dabbobin yana da nutsuwa, lumana. Ba su da ma'ana a cikin abinci, kada ku ciji ubangijinsu. Yin tafiya a kan titi tare da wakilan Standardabilar Standard ba su dace ba. Babban dabba yana haifar da tsoro da rashin fahimta tsakanin masu wucewa-ta. Tsammani na rayuwa shine shekaru 2 zuwa 4.
- Babban bera. Yawancin lokaci ana yin wannan nau'in a gida, tsofaffi sun kai 20 cm a tsayi, basu da nauyi fiye da g 150. Tumaki suna rayuwa kusan shekaru 2, don haka ya fi dacewa mutane masu hankali su kula da sauran nau'in halittu.
Berayen da suka bazu ko'ina cikin duniya na iya zama kwari masu haɗari ko dabbobin cute. A cikin wakilan dangin linzamin kwamfuta akwai manyan wakilai waɗanda za su iya tsoratar da mutane masu girma dabam. A kan iyakar ƙasarmu, mafi girma berayen sune launin toka, baƙi, Turkestan.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar. Za mu gyara shi, kuma kuna da + karma
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Bam ɗin Rat
An yi imani da cewa wadannan rodents sun fito ne daga Asiya. Sun fara bayyana a cikin burbushin halittu a ƙarshen Paleocene kuma a farkon Eocene a Asiya da Arewacin Amurka, kimanin shekaru miliyan 54 da suka gabata. Waɗannan dabbobin na asali da kansu sun fito daga zuriya-kamar magabata da ake kira anagalids (Anagalida), wanda daga shi kuma ƙungiyar Lagomorpha ta zomo take.
Alamomin waje na bera na Ethiopia
Berayen Ethiopia sun kai girman santimita 16.5 -18. Tail 5 -15 cm.
Kakabin Habib na Habasha (achwancin macrocephalus)
An daidaita abubuwan alaƙa don ƙirar rayuwa. Jiki ne mai yawa, mai yawa, ba a furta wuya. Shugaban babba, gajere. Abubuwan ƙoshin halittar suna ƙanana kaɗan kuma suna ɓoyewa a cikin gashin gashi, kamar yadda a cikin wakilan tsaran Tachyoryctes, ko protrude sama da kai, kamar yadda yake a cikin jinsin halittar Rhizomys. Idanun suna kanana. Kafafu suna gajeru. Yatsun suna dauke da manyan gajere da lebur, mai kama da kusoshi. Rashin wutsiya bashi da sikeli; maimakon haka, akwai wadatattun gashi a fata.
An rufe jikin mage mai tsayi, mai kauri da taushi ga fur ɗin taɓawa.
A cikin manyan berayen bamboo, gashin kanshi yashi gashi kuma gajere. Launin baya yana da launin toka, kamar bera mai launin gashi mai launin toka-toka. Bera mai launin ruwan kasa yana da launin ruwan kasa-kirim ko launin toka-mai launin shuɗi. Bodyasan jiki yayi wuta, a cikin ƙaramin bamboo, launi mai launin toka-launin toka. Gamanan mammary gland sune yawanci daya ko biyu, yayinda glandan ciki yake guda uku.
Ratan itacen Habib na Habasha ya daidaita don rayuwa a ɓoye.
Tsarin kwanyar yana da alaƙa da yanayin rayuwa a ƙasa. A tsari ne lebur, matsa a cikin dorso - ventral shugabanci. Yankunan da cheekbones ake furta da fadi ko'ina.Ramin a karkashin ido karami ne. Tsarin hakori yana da hakora 16. Dukkanin hakoran guda uku suna cikin molas. Rawanin waɗannan haƙoran suna da ɗorewa da tsayi. A cikin nau'in Tachyoryctes nau'ikan motsi koyaushe suna girma duk rayuwarsu. Incisors aka haɓaka, babba, fari ko ruwan lemo. Babban hanjin cikin farji ya wuce tsawon karamin hanjin. Akwai karkace a cikin farin ciyawa.
Tsarin chromosomes na babbar difloma yana da kwayoyi 50, kuma a cikin karamin bamboo sai ya kai sittin. Wannan halayyar dabi'a ce mai mahimmanci a cikin ma'anar ƙwayoyin tsoka.
Ana samun berayen bera a filayen da gandun daji
Jirgin Ruwa na Habasha
Berayen Habasha suna yaduwa a duk kasar China kudu da kogin Yangtze. Rodents suna zaune a Indiya, Burma, Nepal, Thailand. Ana samun su a Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia. Suna zaune a gabar Tekun Mallacca da kuma zuwa Sumatra. Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tsaunin Yammacin Afirka. An rarraba shi a Somalia, Habasha, Tanzania, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda.
Habashawa na Habasha na Habasha
Ana samun berayen bera a filayen da kuma cikin gandun daji. Mahalli yan yashi da wuraren zama tare da ciyayi, ciyayi. A cikin tsaunuka, bera na Habasha ya tashi zuwa mita 4,000.
Berayen Ethiopia da ke zaune a karkashin kasa.
Habarin Bam na Habasha
Berayen Ethiopia da ke zaune a karkashin kasa. Sun haƙa ƙasa mai girma, suna ɗaure tsarin hadaddun rami. Kwayoyi suna ɓoye a cikin ramuka da rana. Suna zuwa saman da sanyin safiya ne ko da yamma.
Berayen bera suna tona ramuka, suna aiki da farashi da haƙora.
Suna motsa ƙasa da aka tono a ƙarƙashin ciki tare da idon hannu, kuma suna jifa da yashi da ƙafafunsu na baya. Tsarin jinsunan mallakar halittar Tachyoryctes sun haƙa tare da claws kawai. Suna cinya daga tushen da haƙoransu. Lokacin tono, an ƙirƙiri tari mai zurfi, sannan bera tare da kayan ƙwanƙwasawa yana motsawa kuma yana daidaita dukkanin wannan taro baya tare da burrow. Berayen Habasha suna ɓoye gidansu cikin cike lokacin da ciyayi da tsire-tsire.
Ensimar yawan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙauyuka ya fi mutum dubu biyu da rabi a kowace murabba'in kilomita 1.
Binciken tushen asalin abin da ake ci, berayen beraye sukan kwantawa sabbin wurare da ke samar da tsarin hadaddun kan hanyoyin.
Fiye da mituna 50 na hanyoyin karkashin kasa sun sanya ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu, kowace ƙararrawa. Tona tonon dabbobi ya zama tilas don samo abinci da kuma samar da ingantaccen tsari.
Yayinda wasu masu diggers kawai suke ɓoyewa a cikin burƙinsu, berayen bera suna haɓaka sosai, suna haƙa sabbin tashoshi a wuraren da ciyawar take. Bayan ya bincika tsirrai, sai ya toshe ramin daga ciki tare da alkama. Irin wannan ƙwarewar cikin yanayin abinci yana ba da damar samun tushen ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, don guje wa gasa. Kari akan haka, saboda yawan barazanar da masu farauta keyi, musamman kyarkeken Habasha, beraye koyaushe zasu iya ɓoye a cikin kofofin da ke zurfin zurfi.
Karnukan kyarket na Habasha suna jira bera guda ɗaya a cikin maharan, suna kallo lokacin da ƙuraje suka fito a farfajiya daga wani sabon rami, wani lokacin mafarautan suna bi da bera a cikin rami, a hankali suna kallon fitowar su. Berayen Habasha, suna kulawa da dabbobi sosai tare da manyan abubuwan fashewa, suna samun damar kare kansu daga masu fada a ji kuma suna cutar da abokan gaba.
Berayen bera suna tona ramuka, suna aiki da farashi da haƙora.
Kayan Habasha na Habasha
Bera na Habasha ya sami abinci a saman duniya. Amma yana kusa da tushen tsire-tsire a ƙasa. A waje, ta ɓoye duk abin da ke girma kusa da ƙofar rami. Kuma yana yin hakan da sauri, a cikin minti ashirin. Sannan a ɓoye cikin rami, rufe ƙofar mafaka.
Bera Habasha ya ci gabobin karkashin kasa na tsire-tsire, ya gwammace bamboo, da iri da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Bera na Habasha ya sami abinci a saman duniya
Mahimmancin Rashin Habasha na Habasha cikin Muhalli
Berayen Ethiopia, sun kai girman santimita 25, sune manyan abincin karnukan Habasha.
A wuraren da masu rarrabuwar karnukan makiyaya da beraye suke haduwa, berayen Habasha sune abincin abincin karnukan Habasha na Habasha (Canis simensis).
Mazauna yankin kuma suna kama bera kuma suna cin naman su.
Dalilin Rashin Rashin Tsarin Bam na Habasha
Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, wanda kuma aka sani da manyan digger-kai, Babban bera na bera, dutsen Afirka ko kuma gem ɗin ɗan itacen bera yana da matukar mahimmanci ga tsaunukan Habasha. Uresarnatattun wurare masu zafi ko tsaunukan da ke zaune a cikin ɗambin dutsen Habasha suna cikin haɗarin rugujewa.
Rashin mazaunin na iya haifar da ƙarewar ƙarar ƙira ta musamman.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Menene sunan bera mafi girma
Mafi girman wakilin beraye a duniya shine Bosawi. An samo waɗannan dabbobin a New Guinea, ana kiransu "Papuan." A cikin girman, suna kama da ƙaramin kare, suna iya kaiwa har zuwa 1 m a tsayi kuma sunkai kimanin kilogram 1.5. Wasu wakilan wannan nau'in na iya nauyin kilo 15. Tsawon jikinsu da wutsiyarsa yakai 1 cm 30. Bosavi babbar alfarma ce tsakanin dukkan berayen da ke zaune a duniyar tamu. Duk da girman girman su, ba sa zaluntar mutane, ana iya karbe shi da baƙin ƙarfe.
A waje, Bosavi yana kama da dangin sa da ke zaune a ɗakunan birni, amma sun ninka kusan sau uku girman su. Za'a iya bayanin yanayin kwanciyar hankali na waɗannan ƙwaƙwalwa ta ɗan adam ta hanyar ƙwarewar mazauninsu. Wakilan wannan nau'in an samo su ne kawai a cikin dutsen Papua New Guinea, wanda aka yanke shi gaba daya daga wayewar kai.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Me ɗan kwamba ke kama
Tsawon jikin tsintsiyar tsintsiya ya kai daga 16.25 zuwa 45.72 santimita, tsawon wutsiya shine 6-7 cm, nauyi yana daga gram 210 zuwa 340. Mafi yawanci ana kiranta ɗan itacen bamboo. Dabbobin suna da ƙananan kunnuwa da idanu, kuma suna da kama da mai wasan golan Amurka, ban da rasa chean kunci. Harshen ɗan itacen bamboo yana da kauri mai kauri da taushi a kai da jiki, amma ɗan ƙaramin fur ɗin ajikin saƙar.
Launin wannan abincin mai shayarwa ya bambanta da launi na kirfa mai launin shuɗi da kirji zuwa ash launin toka da launin toka a saman ɓangarorin kuma maimakon haka farar fata da bakin ciki akan ƙananan sassa. Wadansu mutane suna da fararen fararen fata a kan rawanin kai da kunkuntar ratsi daga hancin zuwa makogwaro. Earsananan kunnuwan dabbar suna ɓoye gaba ɗaya a cikin gashi, kuma ba a furta ƙyallen ba. Kafafu suna gajeru.
Cannomys yawancinus dabba ce mai matsakaici mai girma tare da gajeru, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi. Suna da ƙarfi da haƙar haƙar haƙar haƙarƙan da madaidaiciya pales a kan soles na ƙafa. Wannan bera yana da manyan incisors da molas tare da lebur na lebur da asalinsu. Jirgin zygomatic yana da fadi sosai, kuma jikinsa yayi kauri da nauyi. Beraye mata suna da pectoral biyu da ciki guda biyu na gyada mai shayarwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saitin chromosomes a cikin babban sashi na bera ya kai 50, a cikin karamin nau’in bamboo shi sittin. Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin halayen jinsin a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Tsarin kwanyar kai tsaye ya dace da rayuwar dabbobi masu shayarwa a karkashin ƙasa. Tsarinsa an matsa, lebur a cikin ventral direction. Zygomatic arches daban kuma yadu rarrabu zuwa ga tarnaƙi. A cikin cecum akwai falo mai kama da karkace.
Sauran manyan nau'in bera
Ban da Bosawi, akwai wasu ƙarin nau'ikan beraye a duniya waɗanda suka bambanta da girma. Tabbas, sun fi ƙarancin ƙa'idar su zuwa Bosawi, amma sun fi girma fiye da na yau da kullun. Wadannan nau'ikan sune mafi girma a tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi kuma suna iya tsoratar da mutum da girman su. Amma, a zahiri, dukkansu ba masu tsaurin ra'ayi ba ne kuma ba sa haɗarin mutane.
Daga cikin wakilan manyan nau'o'in, akwai karin wakilai 6 na wadannan dabbobi:
- Matsayi na farko bayan Bosawi ta mamaye Reed, zaune a Afirka, a bankunan wuraren tafkunan ruwa. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta ne, suna kai 41.5-87 cm a tsawon tare da wutsiya, suna yin nauyin kilogiram 4-7, wasu maza zasu iya yin nauyin 9 kg.
- A wuri na biyu ana iya sanya ɗan akuyar kangaroo da ke zaune a Ostiraliya. Ya sami sunan ne saboda kamarsa da kangaroo. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da dogon kafafun kafaffu da gajere. Tsawon jikin dabbobi na wannan nau'in, tare da wutsiya, shine 40-95 cm; sun auna kilogiram 1-3. Suna zaune a mazaunin da aka yi da ciyawa kuma suna ciyar da tsire-tsire.
- Wurin na uku yana riƙe da ɗan itacen bamboo. Manyan wakilai sun kai tsawon har zuwa 50 cm ba tare da yin la’akari da wutsiya ba, wanda tsawonta shine cm 15. Waɗannan dabbobin suna iya nauyin kimanin kilogiram 2.5. Thean itacen bamboo yana zaune a cikin ƙasashen Asiya, ana lura da babban taro kamar yadda yake a China da Thailand. Suna zaune a cikin dunƙule na bamboo, saboda haka aka fara kiranta bamboo. Suna ciyarwa ta musamman akan tsirrai.
- A wuri na huɗu - Wiwi ya fito daga dangin da ke jikin kabarin kangaroo da ke rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan Australia. Sun fi son zama cikin burushi, wanda suke fita daga dare kawai, suna ciyar da tsirrai da kwari. Matsakaicin matsakaitan waɗannan dabbobi: tsayin jiki tare da wutsiya - 74 cm, nauyi - 2.2 kg. Suna motsawa zuwa Potor, suna tsalle a kan kafafunsu na baya, kamar kangaroo.
- Babban bera, launin toka, ko pasyuk, ya ɗauki wuri na biyar. Manyan mutane na iya yin girma har zuwa cm 60 a tsayin daka, yin la’akari da wutsiya, da nauyinsa ya wuce kilo 1. Wadannan dabbobin suna zama a bakin bankunan wuraren ajiya, inda suke tono buruna 1 m zurfi da tsayi 5 m, kazalika a wuraren da mutane ke rayuwa kuma a koyaushe akwai wani abu da zai amfana. Wakilan wannan nau'in mafarauta ne, saboda suna ciyar da ba kawai ciyayi ba, har ma kan abincin asalin dabbobi.
- Matsayi na shida cikin daraja a cikin manyan jinsuna sune musky kangaroo, ko silsila. Dabba dabba da wutsiya zata iya kaiwa tsawon 47 cm, tana awowa ba fiye da 700 g ba. Gidajen sarkar-kafafuna ƙaƙƙarfan katako ne a bankunan jikin ruwa. Ba wai kawai suna sauri a ƙasa ba, har ma suna hawa bishiyoyi cikin sauri. Waɗannan dabbobin suna jin ƙushin musk kuma suna ɗauke da sanduna a cikin jakar hatcher, wannan shine yasa ake kiransu musky kangaroos. Suna ciyar da kwari, tsutsotsi, berries da asalinsu.
Matsakaicin girman berayen tituna a Rasha
Kodayake mutane ba sa son unguwar waɗannan dabbobin, a kan titunan manyan biranen da ke cike da cunkoso za ka iya samun nau'ikan bera biyu: baƙi da launin toka (pasuk). Suna zaune a cikin attics, cellar, ma’adinan din din din. Wadannan nau'ikan biyu sun bambanta da launi launi da girma. Wani paski da ke zaune a titunan Rasha yana girma zuwa tsayin da bai wuce 25 cm ba (ba tare da wutsiya ba) kuma yana da nauyin 400 g.
Pasuk yana son wuraren rashi, mazaunin da ya fi so shi ne masu tattarawa, gidajen busassun ƙasa da filayen ƙasa, kuma baƙar fata ya fi son wuraren bushewa, don haka ya zauna cikin busassun kayan bushewa. Idan muka kwatanta girman dabbobin da ke zaune a biranen Rasha, ya bayyana sarai cewa mafi girman nau'ikan nau'ikan jijiyoyi sune pasuk.
Babbar nau'ikan berayen gida
Tun daga 1856, an fara amfani da azaman gidan gwaje-gwaje a dakunan gwaje-gwaje don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban kan rayayyun halittu, yanzu sun zama sanannu kamar dabbobi. Sakamakon zaɓin, yana yiwuwa a sami yanayin gida, wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi masu alaƙa na jijiyoyi, waɗanda ke da halayen kansu na launi, tsarin jiki, gashin gashi, yayin da suke iya yin kama da sabon abu. Duk da irin kwalliyar da suke da ita, dabbobin gida har ila yau wata karamar hukuma ce da kuma mallakar wasu nau'ikan berayen titin launin toka. Sun bambanta da danginsu na daji cikin daidaito da haɓaka, da sauri sun saba wa maigidan.
Daga cikin nau'ikan ado, akwai da yawa musamman manyan nau'ikan:
- Mafi mashahuri shine bera mai launin ruwan kasa. Tsawon jikin waɗannan dabbobi shine 16-20 cm, nauyi ne 400-600 g, kuma akwai samfurori masu nauyin 900 g. Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace. Tsawon rayuwar wakilan wannan nau'in shekaru 2 ne.
- Wani Babban Tsarin Gida na Gida - Manufa. Wasu mutane zasu iya kaiwa tsawon 50 cm tare da wutsiya kuma suna da nauyin 500 g.
- Berayen launin toka masu kwalliya ma sun isa girma. Tsawon jikinsu ya bambanta daga 17 zuwa 40 cm, ban da haka, wutsiyar tana da tsawon kimanin cm 20. Suna yin daidai da na wakilan kamfani na Standard.
- Babu ƙarancin girma da bera na adowanda wutsiyarsa ta fi tsayi fiye da jiki. Tsawon jikin wannan dansandan yakai 22 cm, kuma wutsiyar ta kusan 28 cm, an rufe ta da Sikeli.
- Haka kuma za'a iya la'akari da berayen ƙyalli na Dambo daga cikin danginsu. Suna girma zuwa tsawon 20 cm (ban da wutsiya) kuma suna auna kimanin 400 g. Wani sifa mai banbanci daga cikin wadannan zoben shine tsarin jikinsu, yayi kama da lu'u-lu'u a sifa, kuma manyan, kunnuwa masu karamin karfi na siffar zagaye.
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar berayen ado shine shekaru 2-3.
Duniyar dabba ta duniyar tamu ce babba da bambanci, akwai wakilai da yawa na fauna a ciki, waɗanda a farkon kallonsu, suke haifar da ƙiyayya ko tashin hankali. Duk da rashin bayyanarsa mai kyau, beraye na iya zama kyawawan dabbobi masu kirki waɗanda ke haskaka rayuwar mutum. Kuma idan ka lura da su sosai kuma ka yi nazarin halayensu, za ka lura cewa su dabbobi ne masu fasaha.
Bosawi Rat - ɗayan mafi girma a cikin duniyar tamu
Masana ilimin halitta waɗanda suka gudanar da bincike a tsibirin Papua sun gano abin ban mamaki: sun sami beraye a cikin tsaunukan gida, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita. Masana kimiyya ba lallai ne su yi mu'amala da irin wannan manyan dabbobin ba, don haka dabbobin da aka gano sun haifar da babbar sha'awa a duniya.
Karin karatu ya nuna cewa berayen Papuan ana samunsu ne kawai a cikin New Guinea. Rodents suna zaune a cikin dutsen na Bosavi mai cin dutsen mai dogon rai. Dabbobi suna da furfura mai kauri da yawa, wanda ke ba su damar jure yanayin wuya na tsaunin gida. Girman nauyi ya nuna cewa adadin wasu mutanen wannan nau'in ya kai kilogiram 1.5. Idan muka kwatanta wadannan zubin da takwarorinsu da ke zaune a garuruwa, za su ninka har sau 3 cikin girma da nauyi.
Masana kimiyya sun yi matukar mamaki da halayyar berayen Bosawi. Tabbas, daga irin wannan babban garken mutum yana iya tsammanin muguwar amsa ga gaban mutane, amma dabbobin sun yi dabam da:
- ba su guje wa mutane ba domin ba a taɓa ganinsu ba kuma ba su da wani dalilin tsoro,
- berayen da kansu suka kyale a yi nazari kuma aka auna su,
- masana kimiyya sun yi saurin tuntuɓar dabbobi,
- babu wani mai bincike da ya ji rauni yayin karatun bero.
Yaren mutanen Sweden viking bera
A 2014, an gano mega-rat wanda ya fi 38 cm girma a cikin dafaffen dangin Bengtsson-Korsos a Solna, Sweden. Gnawed itace da kankare don shiga cikin gidan, an kama shi ta amfani da tarkon masana'antu. Ta yi girma har ta mutu bayan da ta koma kan rami tare da tarko a wutsiyarta.
Yin hukunci da abubuwan lura da yawa a cikin Turai, Burtaniya, Amurka, bera - Viking bera - kamar yadda mayaƙai suka kira shi - yana nuna maye gurbi. Masana da suka lura dasu sun kwatanta dabbar kamar sau biyu girman berayen, girman cat.
A Dublin, mayakan sun kama mutum centimita 60 a cikin ɗakin.
Guba na Bromadiolone baya aiki akan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Dangane da binciken da Jami'ar Huddersfield (2009) ta gudanar, nazarin halittar jini da rigakafi ga guba sun haɗu tare, wanda ya kawo wannan tambaya: Shin ina buƙatar samar da sabon ƙwayoyin cuta tare da kowane maye gurbi?
Josephoartigasia
An gano burbushin wannan nau'in halittar ne a yayin rami (1981) na Montevideo, Uruguay, inda masana kimiyya suka yi tuntuɓe a kan kwanyar santimita 53 wanda ya fi girma da saniya na zamani.Kasancewa mafi girma a cikin kowane lokaci, Josephoartigasia ya sarrafa gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka a lokacin zamanin Pliocene tare da nauyin jikin mutum fiye da 900 kilogiram.
Halittar tana da abubuwan fashewa waɗanda suke nuna abinci iri-iri. Koyaya, wannan baya nuna cewa Josephoartigasia bai kashe dabbobi ba don ya rayu. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa hakora ba kawai su zama makamai a kan magabatansu ba, amma ana amfani dasu a cikin yaƙe don haƙƙoƙin ɗan kiwo.
Rayuwa shekaru miliyan hudu da suka gabata, bera ya raba duniya da tsuntsayen dabbobi masu ban mamaki, dabbobi masu yawa, manyan kuliyoyi masu jin yunwa. Daga cikin halittu na zamani, Josephoartigasia sun yi kama sosai da babban alkama.
Nutria
Nutria ne mai herbivorous, Semi-na ruwa na ruwa roditing mazaunin burrows. Kamar babban bera, ƙwayar cuta ta al'ada ta girma a wani wuri 71-106 cm tsayi. Manya suna nauyin kilo 16. Duk cikin shekarun 1800, an kori halittar daga mafi yawancin mazauninta na asali.
Ajantina ta fara kiwo don samar da fur. A farkon karni na 20, al'adar kiwo ya bazu zuwa Arewacin Amurka, Eurasia, duk da cewa fur din da kanta bai zama sananne tsakanin yan kasuwa.
Tun daga 1940s, nutria ya zama inda ya bazu (ya tsere daga gonakin fur na gida kuma ya karu), gami da karkarar Ingila, Louisiana, Maryland. Ana sayar da samfuran Nutria a cikin nau'in abincin kare.
A cewar National Geographic, nutria na tsufa ba sa yin tsayi fiye da 60 cm.
Castoroides
Hakanan ana san shi da babbar giwa, ƙwaƙwalwar katako ta kasance ƙwaƙwalwar Northan arewacin Amurka wanda ya wanzu a lokacin Pleistocene. Kimanta kilogram 125, jikin dabba yana da tsawon 188-219 cm, kodayake ba'a san menene ƙarin tsawon wutsiyar ba da zai iya karawa jikin.
Castoroids shine mafi girman nau'in beaver da ya taɓa rayuwa a duniya. Ya banbanta da beaver na zamani wanda a cikin cewa jujjuyawa yana da babba gaba da gajerun kafafu, kafaffun hakora da ƙananan kwakwalwa.
An samo burbushin Castoroid a Ohio, Alaska, Florida, Indiana, Illinois, kusa da Manyan Tabkuna.
Moreara koyon rayuwar rayuwa na dabbobi, tsuntsaye, kifi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, bishiyoyi da mutane
Kangaroo bera
A Ostiraliya, zaku iya samun berayen kangaroo. Jikin waɗannan sandunan zai iya kaiwa tsawon cm 55, da kuma wutsiyar santimita 40. Tsarin jikin waɗannan berayen yayi kama da kangaroo: kafafunsu na baya sun girma kuma suna da kyau, wanda ke bawa dabbobi damar tsalle-tsalle. Jinsunan suna da jakunkuna a ciki wanda mahaifar tayi ke girma. Rat kangaroos ku ci abincin shuka. Sun fi so su sami abinci da dare, kuma a lokacin da rana sukan ɓoye cikin ɓoye ko a cikin ciyawar ciyawa.
Dabbobi masu girman kai
Sau da yawa zaka iya jin labarun da ba a yarda da su ba game da ƙwaƙwalwar katako mai ɗorewa a cikin metro, barikin soja. Amma duk wannan kawai wani rudu ne mai zurfin tunani na mutane waɗanda suka gaji da rayuwa ba tare da tatsuniyoyi ba. Kuma manema labarai na rawaya suna jawo hankalin masu karatu, suna kara sayar da jaridu da mujallu.
Bayan karantawa, wani ya bita da ƙari don yin kallon abin kallo. A zahiri, mafi girma a cikin Rasha shine pasku. A cikin tashoshin jirgin karkashin kasa, a wuraren aikin soja, dukkansu daya ne kamar yadda a rayuwar yau da kullun ake kallon mutum. Za a iya samun samfurori mafi girma, amma wannan ba sakamakon maye gurbi ba ne, amma kawai daga "kyakkyawan" rayuwar jijiyoyin.
Rat tram
Yaya aiwatarwar keɓancewa? Alas, ba tare da masu sana'a sappers, har yanzu ba zai yiwu ba. Suna yin kunkuntar hanyoyi amintattu a cikin mahakar nisan nisan nisan mita 20 daga junan su. Masu horar da ƙwayoyin cuta suna tafiya tare da hanyoyi biyu, suna riƙe da dogon waya a ƙarshen biyu. A kan waya shi ne zobe da aka ɗaure da kayan ƙwarin bera. Kuma akan wannan zobe, kamar tram ko trolley tare da waya, yana gudana daga wannan ƙarshen waya zuwa ɗayan. Na yi gudu mitina ashirin, igiyar wayar tayi gaba, na yi gaba da shi. Bera ba zai gudu ba: ana buƙatar murhun waya kawai don tabbatar da cewa dabbar ta saci duk wuraren da aka noma.
Idan bera ya tsaya, an sanya alamar rajista a wannan lokacin kuma aiki ya ci gaba. "Rat Race" yana ceton lokacin masu sana'a. Entungiyar na gudana tana bincika murabba'in mita 100 na yankin a cikin rabin sa'a. Wanne ya fi sauri da sojoji za su iya yi.
Baftisma na kashe gobarar ma'aikata a 2003 kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ke ci gaba da aiki a ƙasashen Afirka da dama. Binciki yiwuwar wuraren haɗari.
Potoru
Wani tsalle kangaroo ya tafi na biyar a jerin manyan irin wannan gwanayen. Gwargwadon zai iya kaiwa cm 41 a girman .. Wutsiya a cikin waɗannan dabbobin tayi girma zuwa cm 32. Thean gwiwar tsokoki na haɓaka, suna ba su damar motsawa, kamar kangaroo. Ana samun dabbobi a Australia. Suna shirya mazaunin kansu a cikin matakan da ke da katako. Gwargwadon abinci a kan tsire-tsire, namomin kaza da kwari.
Babbar marsupial bera
Babbar marsupial ko berayen Gambiya suna zaune a cikin Afirka, babban ƙwaƙwalwar yana girma zuwa 90 cm tsayi, yana da nauyin jiki har zuwa 1.5 kilogiram. A bayyanar, mafi dabbobin dabba, hakika, yayi kama da babbar paski mai launin toka, amma kusanci ne da bera, amma bera.
Bugu da kari, berayen daji ba su da wata ma'ana ga dabbobi masu lalatarwa da suke da jaka don ɗaukar jarirai. Cubs na babban rodent an haife su don rayuwa a cikin yanayin waje kuma suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu a gida.
An bai wa manyan dabbobi na Afirka sunan "marsupials" inda manyan berayen da beraye ke ɗaukar abinci kamar bera.
Babbar marsupial bera
Babban garkuwar, kamar pasyuki, dabba ce mai yawan iko wanda ke amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, alamomin katako da katako don abinci. Ba kamar beraye ba, dabbobi masu shayarwa na Afirka suna fama da rauni mara hangen nesa, wanda ya fi wanda aka ƙiyasta shi ta warin jin ƙanshi. Kungiyar ta OPOPO ta kasar Belgium ta yi nasarar amfani da wannan sifar ta Afirka, wacce ke koyar da dabaru dabarun yadda ake gano tarin fuka da kuma abubuwan fashewa daga masu amfani da bama-bamai. Godiya ga hazakarsa da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, babban raben marsupial har ma ya zama dabbobi a cikin kasashen kudu.
Babban rake
Wata babbar sanda wacce ke rayuwa a bakin reshen Afirka. Wurin da aka fi so a cikin babban bera shine ciyawar daji a kusa da koguna da tabkuna, wuraren da ba gurbi ba, an shuka ciyayi da mazaunan mutane. Dabbobin dabbobi masu furine suna da jiki sosai, tare da haɓakar 60 cm ya kai nauyin kilo 9. Yawan jama'ar yankin sunyi nasarar farautar bera, ta amfani da naman dabbobi don abinci.
Babban rake
Entarancin da ke da ƙoshin ruwa yana iyo sosai, sau da yawa yakan ciyar da lokacinsa a cikin ruwa. Ba kamar bambancin pasukas na kullun ba, rake rago ne kawai filayen herbivores da ke ciyar da tsarin sukari, masara, kabewa, tsamiya da ciyawa. Hare-hare da yawa daga manyan dabbobi suna haifar da mummunar illa ga aikin gona, don haka manoman Afirka ke amfani da Pythons da mongooses waɗanda ke cin kwari don kare filayen.
Babbar bamboo
Manyan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙarfi suna zaune a South China, Burma ta Arewa da Thailand. Babban dabba ya girma har zuwa 50 cm kuma yana da nauyin jikin mutum har zuwa 4 kilogiram. Babban mazaunin babban dabba mai shayarwa shine burrows da dogon wurare na karkashin ƙasa, waɗanda rodents suka tono tare da iko mai ƙarfi. Dabba ta ci abinci mai tsiro: tushen da mai tushe na bamboo, har ma da 'ya'yan itacen bishiyoyi masu zafi.
Babbar bamboo
Babban bera ya zama tauraron bidiyon bidiyo ta Intanet bayan wani mazaunin China ya kama babban samfurin wannan nau'in mai nauyin kilo 11. Amma, abin takaici, wannan rikodin ba a saita shi a ko'ina ba, kuma ya kasance cikin yanayin hoto mai ban sha'awa na ɗan gajeren Sinawa tare da babban gilashi mai launin toka a hannunsa.
Capybara
Daidai ne a ɗauki lafin capybara ko capybara a matsayin mafi ƙarancin dabo a duniya. Dabbobi suna da tsawon jiki na 1-1,4 m tare da nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 65. A waje, capybara yayi kama da babban abincin alade na Guinea, amma ba bera kwata-kwata, saboda haka yana da matukar wahalar ɗaukar ƙwayar ruwa mai babban ruwa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa, ba kamar beraye ba, suna da babban kai mai zagaye tare da jin kunya, jikin mutum mai nauyi mai nauyi tare da gajerun kafafu, yana da membranes na iyo.
Capybara
Capybara tana rayuwa ta musamman a cikin ƙasashe masu dumin yanayi: Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil, Columbia, Peru, Uruguay. Don gidansu, capybaras suna zaɓar bankunan manyan koguna, amma tare da ƙarancin abinci, dabbobi suna motsa ƙasa daga nesa. Don abinci, rodents suna amfani da kayan shuka kawai. Sakamakon girman girmanta da nama mai daɗin rai, saboda alade, an yankatar da filaybara akan gonaki a Venezuela. An yi amfani da fata na dabbobi masu shayarwa don yin kayayyaki na fata; ana amfani da mai a masana'antar sarrafa magunguna.
Babbar launin toka
Matsayi na shida a cikin jerin manyan berayen suna zuwa pasyuki. Ana samun waɗannan dabbobin a kusan kowace nahiya. Suna girma har zuwa 40 cm, tsayin wutsiyarsu kuma zasu iya wuce cm 20. berayen beraye suna ciyar da tsiro da abincin dabbobi. A lokacin rani, ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin daji, kuma a cikin hunturu sun fi so su matsa kusa da gidajen mutane. Pasyuki galibi suna zama cikin kayan kwalliya, inda zasu iya samun isasshen abinci don hunturu.
Rat - wannan yana nuna girman kai
Don haka, tare da ƙoƙarin mutane da beraye da yawa, mun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar wani aikin da zai ceci ɗaruruwan - har ma da daruruwan - rayuka a shekara. ARORO ya wanzu ne kawai ta hanyar gudummawa da tallafawa.
A kasar Mozambique kadai, berayen sun sami nakiyoyi 13,274 sannan kuma sun dawo da fadin murabba'in murabba'in miliyan 11 ga mutane. A Kambodiya, Sojojin Sama suna binciken sama da murabba'in murabba'in miliya miliyan 14 kuma suka sami ammonium 4,599.
Wannan ba duka bane. Rodents da mutane suna ci gaba da ayyukansu a Angola da Zimbabwe. Duk inda aka cakuɗa ƙasa da "shaƙewa" mai rauni, ƙananan dabbobi masu ban dariya zasu sami ceto.
Har yanzu bakuyi tsammanin cewa berayen bera suna da fahariya ba?
Musky kangaroo
Matsayi na bakwai a cikin jerin manyan berayen suna zuwa musky kangaroos. Wadannan sanduna suna da ƙanshin ƙage da jaka don brood, don girmamawa ga wanda suka karɓi irin wannan suna. Dabbobi suna girma zuwa tsawon 35 cm. Suna ciyar da tsirrai da kwari ko tsutsotsi. Musk kangaroos na iya yin saurin hawa ƙasa da hawa bishiyoyi. Sun gwammace su zauna a cikin daji kuma su kafa sheƙun kusa da tafkuna.
Girman giran katako
Yawancin nau'ikan bera da ke zaune a garuruwa kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam suna da girman jiki har zuwa cm 20. Daga cikin nau'ikan jinsin launin toka, akwai manya manya kuma har ma da ƙayoyi masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da tsoro a cikin mutane, amma matsakaicinsu shine 40 cm.
Jita-jitar kasancewar manya-manyan berayen da ke rayuwa a cikin layukan karkashin kasa kusa da Moscow sun kwashe kusan shekaru 30 suna zagayawa. Akwai shaidun gani da yawa waɗanda ke magana game da girman kare, wanda ake zargi da kai hari kan masu digo na Moscow, ko gudu a cikin tashoshin jirgin ƙasa. Koda yake, berayen berayen da ba'a fara kama su ba, kuma babu tabbacin wannan.
Zai zama mafi ban sha'awa koya game da manyan ƙuraje a cikin daji: menene girman girman berayen da masana kimiyya suka yi nazari, kuma an tabbatar da kasancewar su bisa hukuma.
Daidaitawa
Jerin manyan beraye sun hada da wakilai na kamannin kayan kwalliya. Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya yin girma har zuwa cm 30 tsayin sa.Tskiyarsu itace 15 -20 cm.Wakunan gida suna ɗan bambanta da danginsu na daji. Suna son tsabta kuma suna cin lokaci mai yawa suna kula da kansu. Dabbobi ba su ware abinci. A gare su, kayan marmari sune kayan abinci na hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari daban-daban. Berayen da suke ado ba za su ƙi nama ba.
Berayen kayan ado na gida
Russia suna farin cikin kiyaye waɗannan ƙwayoyin a cikin gidajen su kuma suna shayarwa. Wadannan halittu masu hankali yanzu ana ambaton su dabbobi dabbobi.
Kwanan nan, kiwo bera ya kai sabon matakin: yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan an gasa su. Bututun ruwa sun haɓaka ƙa'idodi don dabbobi, dangane da abin da ake gudanar da nune-nunen kuma an zaɓi wakilai mafi kyau.
Manufar masu shayarwa shine inganta yanayin dabbobi, rigakafi, da haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa. Babu wanda ke da hannu a cikin kiwan ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu yawa.
Koyaya, berayen gida manya har yanzu sun fi dangi na daji girma: wasu maza sun kai 650 g. Sun zarce girman su, sun kai 30 cm.
Abubuwan da ake ajiyar abinci a cikin bauta kuma ana samun wadataccen abinci koyaushe suna kiba.
Wakilan ire-iren ire-iren ire-irensu da nau'ikansu sun banbanta da na waje kawai. Girman dabbobin kusan kusan masu zaman kansu bane.
Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan berayen kayan ado a Rasha:
- fari (albinos),
- satin
- wutsiya
- Husky
- ƙasa (Fazz),
- mara gashi (sphinxes),
- dumbo
- shuɗi
- ninka biyu.
Bera
Berayen beraye sune mafiya yawan kwari wadanda ake samunsu a duk duniya. Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya kaiwa tsawon 22 cm, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suka mamaye matsayi na goma a jerin manyan berayen a duniya. Wani mahimmin fasalin waɗannan rodents, wutsiya ce mai tsayi sosai, wanda wani lokacin takan girma har zuwa cm 28 berayen fata sun fi yawa a yankuna na kudanci, saboda suna son dumama. A cikin yanayin daji, sukan shirya wa kansu mazauna a kan bishiyoyi. Abincin waɗannan tsatsotsi ya ƙunshi 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsire-tsire iri-iri.
Woolen bosavi
Wani abin da aka gano kwanan nan shi ne masana kimiyya sun gano bera na ulu a shekarar 2009 lokacin da wata ƙungiyar masu bincike ta fado kan dabbar a Bosavi Crater, Papua New Guinea.
An yi imanin cewa Bosawi ba shi da wata hulɗa da mutane, tsawonsa ya kai cm 80, wanda ya sa ta zama bera mafi girma a duniya. Saboda matsayin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a kimiyance, har yanzu ba a ba wa diyar azurfa sunan wani jami'in hukuma.
Akwai kuma wasu nau'ikan arba'in da ba a san su ba a baya, 16 amarya, kifaye uku, gecko, marsupial, arachnids da yawa - babu wanda ya wanzu a wasu sassan duniya.
Kodayake Woolen Bosawi shine mafi girma a halin yanzu da aka sani da ilimin kimiyya, amma ba shine mafi girma da ya taɓa taɓa kasancewa ba. Masana kimiyya daga Gabashin Timor, Indonesiya, a wurin da aka samu cigaban halitta, sun gano gawar wata dabba wacce ta ninka sau uku.
Christopher Helgen na tarihin gidan tarihi na Smithsonian, wanda ya raka rakiyar cewa wannan “Daya ce mafi girma a cikin duniyar guda wacce take rayuwa a cikin magudanar ruwa ta birni,” in ji Dr. Christopher Helgen.
Kafin haka, an gano wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan berayen 11 a Papua New Guinea. Dukkan bakwai ɗin suna da daraja a matsayin mallakar ɗabi'ar Mallomys, dangin Muridae masu ƙarfi.
Babban gutia
Rayuwa fiye da shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata a tsibirin Anguilla, Caribbean, wannan babban bera ya ninka girman da ya ninka sau 1000 da girma fiye da berayen zamani. A hukumance da aka sani da Ambyrhiza, wata dabba mai gaba-gaba ba ana kiranta da giant goutia.
Learnara koyo Manne daga mice da beraye - ab advantagesbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin manne, tarkuna masu ƙarfi
Bayanan kasusuwan tarihi sun nuna cewa babu wata mace mai shayarwa a cikin Anguilla lokacin halittar halittar. Ofarshen zamani ya haifar da hauhawar matakin teku, wanda goutia ba zai iya daidaitawa ba, wanda ya haifar da lalata dabba.
Descendantsarancin zuriyar tsohuwar nau'ikan tsohuwar birni suna yawo a tsibiran Caribbean a yau, amma mafi yawancin suna nauyin kilogiram 2.5. Wadannan kwari na zamani galibi ana samun su a yankin Guantanamo Bay na Cuba, inda ake kiransu banana saboda kamannin zuriyar dabbobi.
Bera Afirka
Rana tana kokarin hana yaduwar babbar 'yar wasan Gambiya, berayen Afirka.Fiye da shekaru goma da suka gabata, takwas daga cikin dangin dabbobin da aka kwato daga tsibirin a Klyuchi. Har izuwa yanzu, kokarin da ake yi na kawar da kwari bai yi nasara ba, hukumomi na fargabar cewa dabbobin za su kai ga babban yankin su kuma lalata lafuzzan Florida.
Harshen Afirka na tsiro zuwa 50 cm a tsayi, yana nauyin 4 kilogiram. Lambobi a kan shafin yanar gizon bayanin Gambiya sun fi daidaituwa: 43 cm, kilogiram 3. Koyaya, idan berayen suna da abinci mai kyau fiye da na Afirka, lambobin sunyi daidai.
Berayen kasar Sin
Babbar bera ba ga daɗin kowa bane, amma a China wannan abincin mai tsada ya ninka tsada sau huɗu fiye da naman alade da kaji kuma ana jin zai warkar da inzari. An gasa su kamar dabbobi, don nama da Jawo.
Berayen bera na kasar Sin sunada yawa, amma ga siyarwa sun kai nauyin kilogram 4, tsayi 50 cm.
Inganta abinci mai gina jiki
Babban dabba yana nufin herbivores.
Abincinta ya kunshi:
- yatsu
- kwayoyi
- ciyawar giwa
- masara
- sukari da ya ba da suna
- alkama
- 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi
- gero
- ganye
- tsintsiya,
- gero.
Saboda ƙaunarsa ga albarkatu, ƙwayar cuta cuta ce mai haɗari wanda ke lalata amfanin gona.
Don kare filayen, mazaunan garin suna amfani da manyan maƙiyan grasquats - mongooses da Pythons.
Babban mai kare bera ya sake jan kunne
Rabin kilogram na berayen cikin gida - gaskiya
Kamar ƙananan gidaje, berayen cikin gida yawanci basa girma zuwa girman kuliyoyi da karnuka. Gaskiyar ita ce irin waɗannan dabbobin gidan berayen launin toka ne na yau da kullun, waɗanda, ta hanyar zaɓin lokaci, suka sami damar cinye kyakkyawan launi ko haɓaka tsarin zabin ɗan adam.
Amma shayarwa basuyi aiki ba wajen bunkasa girman adadin berayen - babu wani takamaiman bukatar hakan. Duk da haka, beraye ba shanu bane, ba wanda ke tsirar da su don nama, sabili da haka ba wanda yake buƙatar fitar da ƙattai daga gare su kamar manyan zomaye ko shanu.
Sakamakon haka, a zaman talala, beraye suna girma kamar girman a cikin bene ko dabbobin daji. Amma yakamata a gane shi: a cikin sel, a cikin yanayin rashin aiki na jiki da abinci mai yawa, yawancinsu suna ci da haɓaka. Sakamakon haka, daidaikun dabbobi a wasu lokuta kan kai nauyin 500 ko fiye.
Koyaya, babu wani dalili da za a faɗi cewa su ƙattai ne (dangane da kwayoyin halitta). Matsakaicin girman su daidai yake da na rabin dangi-daji, amma nauyi shine riba. Kawai mutane ne masu “kitse”, daidai yake da wakilan mutane na mutum, wanda nauyinsu yakai kilo 300-350 bawai “ƙattai” ba.
Sabili da haka, tuna: duka farin beraye, da kuma “sirkies” ko kuma ɓoyayyen dutsen a cikin mazan mazan sun yi kama da girman su, kuma ba su da girma sosai. Nemo ka sayi wani babban bera da ke auna kilogram ba ya aiki.
A cikin hoto - babban farin dakin gwaje-gwaje na namiji:
Kuma ta hanyar, kwaro-kwaro a cikin ginin ƙasa ko a cikin kuli kaza suna da ƙanana na al'ada don nau'in su, kuma ana amfani da hanyoyin al'ada don magance su. Harshen bera a gare su shine murkushe daidaitattun matakan "bera", ko tarko rayuwa, wanda aka tsara musamman don berayen. Ko da babban samfurin ya faɗi cikin tarko, zai sami wadataccen ɗimbin yawa don kashe ko riƙe ganima.
Ina manyan berayen daji suke zaune?
Pasyuk ya kira berayen daji. Wannan babbar dabba ce, tsayin santimita ashirin da bakwai. An zaunar dasu ko'ina, suna zaune cikin ramuka kuma suna da matukar tayar da hankali. Irin waɗannan berayen suna fargaba ba karnuka ko kuliyoyi kawai ba, har ma mutane.
Babban daji bera pasyuk
Dabbar Turkestan bera tana zaune a saman hanyar Uzbekistan, Kafurhstan ta Kudu, Kyrgyzstan da Tajikistan, inda take zaune a cikin gandun daji da ciyayi. Tsawon jikin waɗannan dabbobin yakai santimita ashirin da uku. Suna tare da mutane sosai, suna zaunar da ginin birane da ƙauyuka.
Tsawon tsayin jikin wata katuwar bera ya kai 48 cm
Daya daga cikin mafi girman wakilan dangi shine bera. Jikin ya kai tsawon arba'in da takwas da santimita da ƙaramin wutsiya mai tsini tare da tsawon santimita goma sha biyar. Mazaunin su shine tsibirin Sumatra, Indochina, Yanayin Malay, Burma da Thailand. An san cewa a China ana cin wannan dabbar. Ratan itacen bamboo yayi saurin zama, yana cinye mafi yawan rayuwarsa a cikin rami na ƙasa. Babban abincin wannan nau'in shine bamboo na matasa.
Hayar Papuan | Mita 1
| Mita 1Berayen Papuan - Daya daga cikin mafi girman rodents sananne ga kimiyya. Suna zaune a tsibirin Papua (New Guinea). Tsawon jikin kattafan zai iya isa mita 1, wutsiya - cm 30. A gaba, babban sanda yayi kama da na pasuk na talakawa, bambanci kawai yake da girmansa. Berayen Papuan suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka, a cikin tsawan wutar volcanoes. Godiya ga lokacin farin ciki, dabbobi zasu iya rayuwa har ma a cikin yanayin yanayi mai tsananin zafi.
Rat a kan platter
Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa. Lokacin da aka nemi Joel Fameye ya ambaci jita-jitar ƙasarsa, ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba ya kira graskata.
'Yan Afirka suna ɗaukar ciyawar ciyawa a matsayin ainihin abin ci.
Abinci mai tsayi yana da ƙima ga babban furotin da yake da mai mai yawa, kuma yana da dandano mai sauƙi da haske.
Graskata sunan abinci ne, ba dabbar da kanta ba.
Graskata - soyayyen berayen
Don dabbar da aka soya dole ne ku biya aƙalla $ 100.
Wanne bera ne mafi girma a duniya
Berayen daji sune ke ɗaukar cututtukan cututtukan hoto.
Haɗarin kai tsaye da ke fitowa daga ƙwayoyin tsohuwar ƙarni ya ci gaba da tunani mai zurfi wanda ya shiga cikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam.
Mutane suna jin tsoro da ƙiyayya ga ƙananan dabbobi, wanda aka bayyana shi ta hanyar dabarun kariya waɗanda aka kunna ta ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin halitta. Dabbobin sun zama gwarzo na almara da yawa na birni kuma suna yin gasa mai kyau ga shahararrun maƙeran gado da ke zaune a cikin magudanar ruwa. Duk da cewa galibin waɗannan labarun labarun almara ne, wasu rodents sun gigice da sigoginsu.
Gwarzo na labarin shine grasquat, wata katuwar rake rake (grascutter rake rat) daga Afirka, wanda nauyinta yakai kilo 6.
Berayen sun sami damar daidaitawa da salon rayuwa kuma basa wadatar su cikin yanayin rayuwa
A ina ne bera ke zaune?
Hoto: Bam ɗin bera a yanayi
Matsakaicin wannan nau'in ya fara daga gabashin Nepal (2000 m sama da matakin teku), ta arewa maso gabas Indiya, Bhutan, kudu maso gabashin Bangladesh, Myanmar, kudancin China, da arewa maso yamma. Vietnam, Thailand da Cambodia. Dabbobi nau'ikan bera, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana yin rikodin har zuwa 4000 m sama da matakin teku, yayin da wasu taxa an iyakance zuwa wasu tsaunuka, kuma iyakar tsayayyen ba tabbatacce bane a cikin duka sanannu.
Babban wuraren zama da berayen:
Kasancewar ba tabbas:
An yi rikodin wannan nau'in a cikin wurare da yawa iri-iri, daga gandun daji da kuma filayen noma da kuma wasu yankuna na zaune-tsaye, duk da cewa ba ya cikin filayen shinkafa. A Kudancin Asiya, yakan faru ne a cikin tsaunukan tsaunin da ke da tsaunuka da kuma a cikin dazuzzukan gandun daji a cikin dazuzzukan daji, ana samun wasu lokuta a manyan wurare. Waɗannan nau'ikan halittu ne da suka daɗe tare da ɗaya ɗaya ko biyu a cikin shara. Hakanan suna zaune a yankuna masu yashi tare da ciyawar ciyawa. Berayen bera sun haƙa kayan hadaddun ƙasa a cikin hanyar rago kuma suna ɓata lokaci mai yawa a cikin burrows.
Yanzu kun san wurin da bera da ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ta ci.
Menene ɗan bera ya ci?
Hoto: Bam ɗin Rat
Berayen bera suna aiki da yawa a sanyin safiya ko da yamma, lokacin da dabbobi suka bayyana a farfajiyar ƙasa suna neman abinci. Suna ciyar da sassan tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, musamman bamboo, da tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Babban samfurin da aka cinye shine bamboo, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman suna don wannan dabba mai rufin asiri. Sun haƙa ƙasa sosai. Abincinsu ya ƙunshi ba kawai na sassan bamboo ba, har ila yau suna cinye ciyayi, ƙananan harbe na ganye da sauran tushen, suna cin tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Da rana, dabbobin suna cikin kwanciyar hankali suna hutawa a cikin mafakarsu, kuma da daddare sukan tashi zuwa sama don su ci sashin tsire-tsire na sama.
- tsiro
- kowane nau'in ganye
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka fadi
- iri iri.
Ba kamar sauran masu diggers ba wanda ke ɓoye a cikin rami, berayen da sauri suna samun abinci, koyaushe suna ƙara tsawon ƙwarin burutsu a wuraren da akwai ciyawa mai kauri. Bayan ya gama da shuka, dabbar za ta toshe ramin daga ciki tare da abin toshe kwalaba daga doron kasa. Irin wannan ƙwarewar ta fannin abinci mai gina jiki yana ba da dama ga ingantacciyar hanyar samar da abinci, da guje wa gasa.
Kari ga haka, berayen suna iya ɓoye cikin sauri a cikin rafunan da ke ƙarƙashin zurfin zurfafa. Berayen beraye sukan zauna a gidajen lambunan shayi da kuma yin amfani da tsari irin na kwari a cikin wadannan yankuna, suna lalata waɗannan kayan amfanin gona kuma suna cutar da su. Wadannan sandunan an san su da kyawawan masu ci, waɗanda ke da ikon lalata abinci da yawa. A dare, mutum na iya jin sautin alamun da berayen ke fitarwa suna neman cike damfunsu da harbe-harbe.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Naman Rama a Burrow
Bera bamboo ya tono ƙasa tare da kashe-kashensa da abubuwan fashewarsa, yana tsara tsarin hadaddun abubuwa wanda yake inganta rikitarwa da tsawan su. Sabanin bera na kasar Sin, sauran nau'in halittar halittar ba sa daukar dawainiyar zuwa wuraren da ke da ciyawa, amma ga tsintsiyar da ke girka abinci a jikinsu. A maraice, berayen bera sun bar matsugunansu don cin ciyawa. Yayin da suke cikin fursunoni, ayyukan ayyuka sun tashi da sassafe ko da yamma, kuma suna barci mafi yawan rana.
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna haƙa ramuka a cikin wuraren ciyawa, gandun daji da lambuna. Digging ne da za'ayi ba kawai tare da iko kafafu, amma kuma da taimakon manyan incisors. Kowane mutum na iya gina ramuka da yawa, amma zai rayu cikin ɗaya kawai. Gine-ginen da ake ginawa suna da sauƙi kuma sun haɗa da ɗakunan ɗakunan ɗakuna da yawa. Wadannan tashoshin jirgin karkashin kasa galibi suna da zurfi sosai. Fiye da mita 50 na motsawa da aka yi a karkashin kasa, ya faɗi akan mutum ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Berayen bera masu yawa suna motsawa a hankali yayin da suke saman ƙasa, kuma ana cewa basu da tsoro idan abokan gaba sun tunkaresu.
Tona tono irin wannan lamuran ya zama tilas ga mai sarin ya samo abinci ya kuma samar da ingantaccen tsari. Sukan motsa ƙasa da ƙafar ƙafa a gaban cinyar ciki, yayin da baya suke juyawa. Hakora suna lalata asalinsu. Lokacin haƙa ƙasa, an ƙirƙiri tari mai zurfi, wanda bera ɗin ke motsawa tare da dutsen da raguna tare da ramin. Waɗannan berayen suna ɓoye gidansu cikin dogayen tsirrai.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Tsarin Bamboo na Baby
Harshen ɗan itacen bamboo na iya haifan shekara-shekara, amma sau ɗaya a shekara, aƙalla biyu idan yanayi ya yarda. Ganiya mafi girma yana faruwa a cikin lokutan rigar. Mace na kawo daga jarirai 1 zuwa 5 makafi da tsirara. Suna girma da sauri kuma suna da nauyi. Cutar ciki na kimanin mako shida ko bakwai. Youngan berayen bera sun sami damar fara watanni 5-8 bayan haihuwa. A cikin jarirai, kamar sauran baƙin ƙarfe, idanunsu ba buɗe har sai sun kai shekaru 15.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Matasa suna zama marasa gashi a yawancin lokacin ciyarwa. Yarinya da 'yanci daga mahaifiya suna faruwa ne a lokacin da suke da shekaru 3-4.
Tun da maza suka yi hulɗa da mace ɗaya sannan kuma sun ci gaba zuwa na gaba, ba sa yin babban taimako wajen kula da ƙananan berayen. Matashiyar zuriyar dabbobi bata zama mai rauni kamar na makwanni 2, har gashi sun fara tsufa, idanunsu a buɗe, kuma basu fara motsawa ba. Yarinya yana hade da kokarin uwa. Har berayen zasu iya kaiwa ga girman matsayinsu, zasu ci gaba da zama a mazaunin mahaifiyar.
Jinsi na jima'i a cikin maza yana faruwa ne da wuri fiye da yadda aka basu dama su shiga jima'i. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai babbar gasa don samun damar shiga cikin mace tare da estrus kuma yana da wuya ga ƙananan mutane waɗanda ba su da rinjaye da yawa don jan hankalin kishiyar maza. Mace suna yin shekin maza a cikin wani yanki mai nisa na tsarin rami, inda ake haihuwar ƙanƙan ƙanana.
Abokan halitta na bera
Hoto: Me ɗan kwamba ke kama
Shahararrun masu farautar bera sun bambanta dangane da yanayin su. Ofaya daga cikin yiwuwar karbuwa a kan magabaci ita ce bambancin launi a launuka a cikin wannan jinsin da kuma rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Wasu shaidu sun ba da shawara cewa launi yana da alaƙa da wuri na yanki kuma, sabili da haka, ikon kasancewa ba a gan shi a cikin yanayin gida ba.
Kari akan haka, berayen suna yawan tayarda zaune tsaye a mazaunansu kuma ana basu kariya sosai ta kowace hanya da suke dasu. Nazarin ya nuna cewa mutanen da aka kama na C. yawancinus sun kama hanyar da ta dace, wanda suka nuna muradin kare kansu. Berayen beraye suna tsayawa akan kafafunsu na kafafu kuma suna ɗauke da ƙaƙƙarfan abubuwan haɗari.
Mafi yiwuwar kuma a halin yanzu sanannun magabatan bera sun hada da:
A Kudancin China, Laos, da Myanmar, berayen suna cinye bera. Bugu da kari, mutane kan lalata dumbin berayen da ke kasar Koriya, suna dauke su kwari ne. Hakanan za'a iya farautar su da kowane nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, da masu rarrafe wadanda ke zaune a yankin tare da su.
Wasu nau'in bera ana ɗauka mafi girman kwari na dabbobi masu shayarwa a kowane lokaci. Sun haddasa mutuwar sama da duk yaƙe-yaƙe a tarihi. An yi imanin cewa cututtukan da berayen suka haifar sun kashe mutane da yawa a cikin shekaru 1000 da suka wuce fiye da duk yaƙe-yaƙe da juyin juya halin da aka taɓa yi. Suna ciyar da ƙwarji da ƙamshi da ke ɗauke da cututtukan kumbon fata, typhoid, trichinosis, tularemia, jaundice mai kamuwa da cuta da sauran cututtuka masu yawa.
Raguna kuma suna haifar da babbar illa ga dukiya, gami da amfanin gona, lalata da gurbata tsarin abinci na mutum, da lalata lalatattun kayan cikin gida da na waje. An kiyasta cewa berayen suna haifar da biliyoyin lalacewar al'ummar duniya a duk shekara. Ko yaya, cutar daga berayen
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Bam ɗin Rat
Ensimar yawan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙauyuka ya fi mutum dubu biyu da rabi a kowace murabba'in kilomita 1. An jera nau'in wannan nau'in da cewa shi ne mafi karancin jinsin da ke cikin hadari saboda yawaitar sa, da kuma yawan jama'a da ake zargi.
Ana samo shi a wurare da dama da aka kiyaye, yana da haƙuri ga matsayin canji a mazauninsu, kuma wataƙila lambar sa ba zata iya raguwa da sauri ba don isa ga shiga cikin jerin nau'ikan barazanar. An yi imanin dabbobi su kasance a wurare masu kariya a Indiya da Nepal.
- Dampa Wildlife Sanctuary,
- Reshen Mizoram.
- Chitwan Royal National Park, (Central Nepal),
- Makalu Barun National Park, (Gabashin Kasar Nepal).
An haɗa wannan nau'in cikin Jadawalin V (wanda aka ɗauka mai kwaro) na Dokar Kare Namun daji tun daga 1972. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike game da rarrabawa, yalwa, muhalli da barazanar waɗannan sanannun taxa. Studiesarin karatun karatuttukan ya nuna cewa wannan harajin na iya kunshi nau'ikan halittu da yawa, waɗanda za su buƙaci bita game da alamar littafin nan na Red Book.
Gabaɗaya, bera ana amfani da shi sosai a wasu wurare don abinci, kuma musamman, daidaikun mutane na iya raguwa saboda yawan girbi. Hakanan an lalata shi a matsayin kwaro na filayen roba a sassan kewayon sa (kamar su Myanmar), inda za'a iya samun sa a cikin yalwar dabbobi kimanin 600 a kowace kadada. A Kudancin Asiya, yana fuskantar barazanar asara saboda asarar mazauninsu, gobarar daji da kuma farautar berayen don amfani da ita.