Ba wani labari na labarai daya tilo a duniya da ya kawo cikas ga manyan kanun labarai kan wannan batun:
Akwai halittun da ke cikin teku waɗanda suke iya ganin Shakespeare.
Hararfafa shark: masana kimiyya sun gano cewa asirin sharrin Greenland yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 400-500.
Masana kimiyya sun gano vertebrate mafi dadewa.
Tsohon tsufa dan shekara 400 da ke zaune a cikin ruwan sanyi na Greenland ne.
Masunta sun kama kifin sharya da aka haife shi a zamanin Ivan the mummunan.
Masana kimiyya sun ambaci yiwuwar dabbar da ta yiwu a duniya.
Wannan ɗan shar ɗin, masanan kimiyya suka kama shi, har yanzu suna zaune a ƙarƙashin Columbus.
Rayuwar turancin sharri na Greenland na iya wuce shekaru 500.
Masana ilimin halitta sun yi nasarar nemo tsohuwar dabba a cikin duniya.
Ksan sharri na ƙasar Greenland, waɗanda suka isa balaga tun yana ɗan shekara ɗari da arba'in, zai kafa sabon rakodi don tsawon rayuwa idan a ƙarshe masana kimiyyar halittu zasu iya samar da wata hanya ta tantance shekarunsu.
Jarumin nan na wannan labari mai ban mamaki - wanda aka bayar da misalin shark shark na Greenland - an haife shi, a cewar masana Danish, a lokacin mulkin James I. Ya kasance tun yana saurayi, yayin da Rene Descartes ya tashi akan takarda dokokinsa a kimiyyan lissafi da lissafi, babbar wutar Landan tana ta hauhawa a duka. da karfi, George II ya hau kan karagar mulki kuma juyin juya halin Amurka ya fara.
Kuma watakila ma da shekarun Christopher Columbus, wanda ya mutu a cikin 1506.
Wannan kifin shark ya tsira bayan Yaƙin Duniya guda biyu. Wakilan nau'ikan halittu suna rayuwa ne kusan shekaru 400, yayin da mata musamman suke tsayayya da rayuwa.
Binciken ya sanya tambayar nazarin rayuwar rayuwa na shark na Greenland da matukar dacewa. Bayan haka, ta kama ko da mafi girman giwa a zaman bauta - Lin Wang, wanda ya mutu yana da shekara 86.
Shekarunta sun fi abin da hukuma ta ba da na miji wanda wata budurwa 'yar shekara 122 (Jeanne Louise Kalman) ta kafa.
Julius Nielsen, mawallafin marubucin binciken a jami'ar Copenhagen, ya nuna cewa an san kifayen whales da suke rayuwa sama da shekaru 211.
Amma yankan sharhol na Greenland ba za su dauki lamuranta ba. Ming ya rayu mafi tsawon rai, Icellic mollusk, wanda ya kai shekara 507 kafin masana kimiyya su hau kan sa.
Grey, mai daɗin ciyarwa kuma yana girma a kowane tsayi (fiye da mita 6 tare da nauyin kusan 1 tan), Yanayin Greenland shine ɗayan manyan masu hasara a duniya.
An bayar da rahoton cewa yawan ci gabansa ya zama ƙasa da santimita ɗaya a kowace shekara. A baya an san cewa waɗannan kifayen karnukan halittu masu rai ne, amma tsawon lokacin da suke raye ya zama abin asiri.
Masana kimiyyar halittar ruwa sun yi kokarin sanin shekaru da tsawon shekarun kifayen sharri na Greenland, amma har zuwa yanzu ba su samu nasara ba, in ji Stephen Campana, kwararre kan kifayen daga Jami'ar Iceland. - Ganin cewa wannan shark mai hatsarin gaske ne (sarkin sarkar abinci) a cikin ruwayen Arctic, ba zai yiwu ba mu san cewa wannan dangin zai rayu shekara 20 ko 1000.
Farkon shark Greenland an fara ganinsa a saman ruwa daga jirgin binciken Sanna a Arewacin Greenland.
Julius Nielsen ya ce wannan ita ce farkon shaida mai ƙarfi na tsawon lokacin da waɗannan halittun za su iya rayuwa:
Mun zaci cewa muna ma'amala da wata dabba da baƙon abu, amma gaskiyar cewa yanyan sharri sun tsufa abin mamaki ne a gare mu!
Wannan, hakika, yana gaya mana cewa wannan halitta ta musamman ce kuma ya kamata a ɗauke ta a matsayin mafi tsohuwar dabba a cikin duniya.
Bidiyo shine mafi dadewar abin hawa a doron ƙasa:
Bugawa a cikin sanannen mujallar kimiyyar kimiya (Agusta 2016) na Nielsen da tawagarsa ta kasa da kasa na masu bincike (kwararru daga Burtaniya, Denmark da Amurka) sun bayyana yadda suka ƙaddara shekarun ɗan shekaru 28 na sharholiya a fagen binciken kimiyya a tsakanin 2010 da 2013 .
Ya juya cewa shekarun kifaye da yawa ana iya tantance su ta hanyar kirga haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin kalar baƙin - “duwatsun” a cikin kunnuwan ciki. Wannan dabarar tana kama da kirga zoben itace a jikin bishiya.
Mawuyacin binciken shi ne cewa sharks ba su da irin waɗannan duwatsu. Amma sharks na Greenland sun rasa sauran kyallen takaddara na alli wanda ya dace da irin wannan bincike.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar masu binciken sun dogara da dabaru daban-daban, alal misali, nazarin ruwan tabarau na ido.
Ruwan tabarau na ido ya kunshi sunadaran da suke tarawa lokaci guda, haka kuma sunadarai a cikin tsakiyar ido, wadanda aka samar a cikin mahaifar a lokacin tayin kuma basa canzawa duk tsawon rayuwar kifin.
Ayyade ranar da abin ya faru na waɗannan sunadarai kuma ya ba ƙwararrun masana damar kafa shekarun haƙar sharhol.
Don ƙayyade lokacin da aka samar da sunadaran, masana kimiyya sun juya zuwa ga hadarin radiocarbon - wata hanyar da ta dogara da ƙayyadaddun matakan nau'ikan carbon a cikin kayan, wanda aka sani da carbon-14, wanda ke fama da lalata tashin hankali na lokaci.
Amfani da wannan dabarar lokacin aiki tare da sunadarai a tsakiyar kowace ruwan tabarau, masana kimiyya sun haɓaka shekaru da yawa don kowane ɗan shark.
Sannan masana kimiyyar sunyi amfani da “sakamako” na gwajin bam na atomic wanda ya faru a cikin shekarun 1950: lokacin da aka tayar da bama-bamai, sun kara matakin carbon-14 a cikin yanayin.
Tsarin carbon-14 ya shiga cibiyar samar da abinci ta ruwa a Arewacin Atlantika ba daga farkon 1960 ba.
Wannan ya ba mu timestamps masu amfani, in ji Nielsen. "Ina son sanin inda zan ga babban abin birgewa a cikin shark na, kuma menene ma'anar ma'anar: tana da shekara 50 ko 10?"
Nielsen da tawagarsa sun gano cewa ruwan tabarau na yara kanana, 28 Greenland shark, suna dauke da dumbin carbon-14, suna nuna cewa an haifesu ne a farkon shekarun 1960.
Smallanana shark na uku, ya nuna, carbon-14 matakin ɗan ƙaramin sama da na manyan manyan sharks 25. Wannan na iya nuna cewa an haifeshi ne a farkon shekarun 1960, lokacinda kwayoyin zarra na bam daga bam din da ke hade da carbon-14 suka fara kunshe cikin dukkanin sarkokin abinci na ruwa.
Bayan doguwar tafiya, sharks na Greenland sun koma zurfin ruwan sanyi mai sanyi na Wummannak fjord a arewa maso yammacin Greenland (sharks sun kasance bangare ne na sanya alama da kuma shirin sakin manyan masu farauta a Norway da Greenland).
Wannan ya nuna cewa yawancin mu da aka bincika sharrin mu sun cika shekaru 50 da haihuwa, ”in ji Nielsen.
Masana ilimin kimiyya sun haɗu da sakamakon radiocarbon tare da ƙididdigar yadda karnukan sharks na Greenland ke girma don ƙirƙirar samfurin da ya basu damar tantance shekarun ɗan shekaru 25 da aka haife su kafin shekarun 1960.
Sakamakon bincikensu ya nuna cewa mafi girman ƙungiyar ƙungiyar ita ce mace ta auna fiye da mita biyar a tsayi. Tana da kusan shekaru 392 da haihuwa, kodayake, kamar yadda Nielsen ta lura, yawan shekarun da suka yiwu sun fara ne daga shekaru 272 zuwa 512.
Shark din yankuna na Greenland yanzu sune suka fi cancanta ga sunan dabbobi mafi dadewa a doron duniyarmu, ”in ji masanin tare da nuna girmamawa.
Bidiyo - Shark yalar shark:
Haka kuma, matan da suka balaga daga gwajin sun isa lokacin balaga ne kawai bayan sun girma har tsawan mita hudu. Haihuwar su ta farko tana faruwa ne kawai da shekaru kusan 150.
Nielsen ya yi imanin cewa "nazarin da za a yi nan gaba ya kamata ya iya sanin shekaru tare da ingantaccen daidaito."
Kuma fatan ci gaba da bincike:
Akwai wasu bangarori na ilmin halitta na sharuddan sharks na Greenland wadanda suke da ban sha'awa don sani da kuma rufewa, ”ya kammala.
Ka tuna cewa a baya masanan kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa a kowace shekara Greenland Shark yana girma da santimita 0.5-1.
Kuma dalilin doguwar rayuwa, mai yiwuwa ne, yana da saurin tafiyar da rayuwa: wannan nau'in kifayen ruwa ne mai sanyi-masu ruwa-da rai suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa, zazzabi wanda yake daga -1 zuwa +5 digiri Celsius.
Wannan kuma ya yi bayani game da jinkirin sharkin, wanda aka sanya wa lakabin Latin Somniosus microcephalus, wanda ke nufin "dutsen barci tare da karamin kwakwalwa."
Sharks mafi dadewa
Wanda aka kama yana mallakar nau'in kifin sharri ne na Greenland. Sun mamaye matsayi mafi girma a sarkar abinci da ganima akan kifi, ƙananan kifayen kifaye da hatiman. A lokaci guda, su ne mafi sassaucin sharks, saboda matsakaicin saurin iyo ba su wuce kilomita 2.7 a sa'a guda. A cewar masana kimiyya, wannan nau'in kifayen kifayen ba sa bin abin da ake ci, amma kawai suna lura da shi.
Shark polar shark
Hakanan an sani cewa waɗannan kifayen kifayen ba su damu da cin abinci ba - masana kimiyya sun koya game da wannan ta buɗe jikin wasu mutane. Sunyi mamakin gano ragowar bishiyoyin doya da kuma sake haihuwa a ciki na sharks. Mai yiwuwa ne masu fataucin su sami irin wannan abincin saboda tsananin ƙamshin su - mai jujjuya nama yana haifar da ƙanshin wari fiye da jinin yau da kullun.
Yaya zaka gano shekarunda ake shark?
Idan kun yarda da sakamakon binciken kimiyya, sharks polar shark da gaske suna rayuwa tsawon rai, aƙalla shekaru 200. Zamu iya ɗauka cewa su zakarun ne a cikin tsammanin rayuwa a tsakanin tsaka-tsakin yanayi. Kuna iya ƙayyade shekarun tsufa sharuddan Greenland ta tsawon tsawon jikinta - a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin shekara guda, wakilan wannan nau'in sun girma da santimita.
Mashin kifi shark
Shekaru 392 dan shekaru shark da aka samo a cikin Arctic
Tsawon kamun da aka kama a Greenland shine mita 5.4. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa sharks na wannan nau'in suna girma da santimita kowace shekara, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar cewa an haifi wannan mutumin a shekara ta 1505. A cikin waɗannan lokutan, Henry VIII shine Sarkin Ingila, kuma Ivan the Mug ya yi mulki a Rasha. Koyaya, maiyuwa ne masana kimiyya suka yi kuskure, saboda sauran hanyoyin tantance shekarun yanyan shark sun nuna sakamako daban.
Kawai kalli wannan shark - a bayyane ta ga abubuwa da yawa a rayuwa.
Musamman, muna magana ne game da bincike kan kayan masarufi, wanda masanan ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi zasu iya tantance shekarun kayan aikin kasusuwan tarihi, da masana burbushin halitta - tsawon rayuwar dabbobi. Sakamakon tsarin sadarwar gidan radiocarbon ya nuna cewa an haife Shark ne shekaru 272 da suka gabata. A lokaci guda, tsawon jikin kifin danko yana nuna shekaru 512. Don yin gaskiya, an fi yin imani da yawa game da sakamakon binciken radiocarbon, kuma wacce hanya ka amince da ita, ka rubuta a cikin tattaunawarmu ta Telegram.
A lokaci guda kuma, duban tabkin wannan tabkin ya haifar da sakamakon shekaru 392. A kowane hali, komai girman ta, yana da yawa!
Menene sirrin tsawon shekaru na sharks?
Duk shekarun da aka kama kifin Shark, har yanzu dogon hanta ne. A yanzu haka, masana kimiyya suna kokarin gano ainihin fasallolin jikin kifayen da ke basu damar rayuwa tsawon wannan. Tun da farko, an yi tsammanin sharks na Greenland zai rayu daruruwan shekaru saboda jinkirin metabolism. Wannan yana da wuya a yi imani da farko, amma mata sun kai ga balaga yayin da suke da shekara 150 kawai.
Fishe hakika halittu masu ban mamaki ne. Wasu nau'in, idan ya cancanta, suna iya canza jinsi. Misali, thalasomas mai launin shuɗi yana yin wannan - idan babu namiji a cikin garken su, ɗayan mace yana canza launi yayin sati kuma zai fara nuna hali kamar na namiji.
15.11.2018
Shark na polar shark (Latin Somnioscus microcephalus) mallakar gidan Somniosa shark ne (Somniosidae). An dauki ta mai dogon hanta a tsakanin tsokoki ta hanyar iska kuma za a iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 500, wanda ya ninka tsawon 2-3 sau tsawon rayuwar wani mai rikodin rikicewa, baka mai whale (Balaena mysticetus).
Kada a ci naman ɗanyen wannan kifi. Babban abun ciki na urea, ammonia da trimethylamine oxide yana sanya shi ba kawai mai daɗi da ƙanshi ba, amma yana da haɗari ga lafiyar.
Dandanawa yana haifar da guba mai tsanani, lalacewar tsarin juyayi da raɗaɗi, yawanci yakan mutu.
Tsohon Vikings ya kasance yana sananne ta hanyar amfani da abinci dangane da abinci. Sun koyi juya nama, wanda daga cikinsu har ma da karnukan da suke jin yunwa suka juya baya, zuwa cikin abincin da za su ci. Girke-girke ya rayu har zuwa yau kuma ya shahara sosai a Iceland.
Yankakken yanki na kifi an sanya shi a cikin baƙaƙe na tsakuwa don duk ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya fito daga ciki. Sannan a cire su, a wanke su a bushe a bude har sai wani amintaccen ɓawon burodi ya bayyana. Dukkanin aikin an shimfida shi tsawon watanni shida, bayan haka zaka iya cigaba da idin.
Icelanders suna kiran wannan bi da Haukarl. Ya tabbata, yana da ƙanshi mai danshi, danshi mai ɗaci.
An ba da shawarar a ci shi a kan komai a ciki, nan da nan an wanke shi da giya mai ƙarfi. Don baƙi da ba su saba da abincin garin ba, irin wannan shakatarwar wani lokaci yakan haifar da gurnani mai wuya.
Yaɗa
Tsarin jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Atlantika, tekun Arctic da kuma Tekun Fasha. Matsakaicin yana ɗaukar yankuna da yawa kamar na 80 na layi daya na latitude arewa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana lura da shingen sharri a bakin tekun Greenland, Iceland da Kanada.
Lokaci-lokaci sukan yi ƙaura zuwa nesa daga mazauninsu na al'ada, suna isa Bayyar Biscay.
A cikin 2013, masu ilimin kimiyyar halittar dabbobi a Jami'ar Florida sun gano samfurori guda ɗaya a cikin Gabar Tekun Mexico a zurfin 1749 m.
A farkon shekarar 1998, jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu mara zurfi ya binciki yiwuwar tayar da jirgin ruwa mai nauyi tare da tan 9 na zinari a saman jirgin ruwan Amurka ta Tsakiya na Amurka, wanda ke bakin tekun South Carolina, tsafin kifayen Greenland mai tsayin mita shida wanda ya wuce zurfin kusan 2200 m.
A Rasha, an gan ta sau da yawa a cikin Barents da Kara Seas.
Halayyar
A lokacin rani, maƙiyin yakan ci gaba da zurfin daga 180-550 m, kuma da lokacin hunturu yakan tashi zuwa saman teku. A cikin kaka da bazara, galibi yakan bayyana a kusa da bakin tekun, ya shiga cikin estuaries da fjords. Ta yi iyo a hankali tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin 1,2 km / h. Idan akwai gaggawa ta hanzarta zuwa kilomita 2.6 / h.
Sharrin pola na sharri yaren lokaci yana da saurin yin ƙaura. A matsayinka na mai mulki, suna yawo a cikin ƙaramin garke a cikin ruwan sanyi, inda zafin jiki bai tashi sama da 12 ° C ba, kuma a cikin hunturu yakan sauka zuwa -2 ° C.
A jikin su, ana samar da glycoproteins wadanda suke yin aikin maganin daskarewa.
Godiya ga waɗannan abubuwan, zasu iya guje wa samuwar lu'ulu'u a cikin ƙwayar tsoka da gabobin ciki. Ba su da kodan ko na hanjin ciki, don haka ana sakin abubuwanda ba lallai ba alama ta fata.
Saboda ƙarancin ƙwazonsa, mai ƙaddara ya sami babban hanta, wanda zai iya yin kusan 20% na nauyin jikinta. Har zuwa shekarun 70s na karni na karshe, an aiwatar da kamun kifi ne sabili da hanta, wanda ake amfani dashi don samar da mai mai.
Harkar Atlantika (Clupea harengus), kifin salmon (Salmonidae), capelin (Mallotus villosus), perches na kasar Norway (Seblit norvegicus), pinagors (Cyclopterus lumpus), cod (Gadidae), halibut (Hippoglossusfusmegus), haddock da stingrays (Batoidea). A cikin ƙarancin abincin da aka ci amphipods (Amphipoda), jellyfish (Medosozoa), snaketail (Ophiuroidea), mollusks (Mollusca) da kyan gani (Brachyura).
Duk da jinkirin da ake samu, sharar fage ya samu nasarar farautar dabbobi masu shayar da dabbobi da kuma tsuntsayen.
A cikin ciki an maimaita kasusuwa na hatimi da na bela. Ita kuma tana murnar bukukuwan duk wani abin hawa da ta shigo ta hanya.
Kifayen da suka shahara ya shahara saboda karuwar kwayar halitta, wanda ke haifar da al'ada ta adana makamashi koyaushe. Ko da an kama shi a ƙugiya, yana nuna kaɗan ko babu juriya lokacin kamun kifi. A matsayin kaɗa, naman alade galibi ana haɗa shi da ƙugiya.
Kiwo
Somniosus microcephalus sune kifayen ovoviviparous. Matar ba ta sa ƙwai, amma tana ɗauke da su a jikinta. Suna da sifar ellipsoidal, harsashi mai taushi da girman ta har zuwa cm 8-9. Mace ɗaya tana da guda 400-500.
Amfrayo suna ciyar da abubuwan gina jiki da ke cikin gwaiduwa. Babu wani tabbataccen bayani game da lokacin daukar ciki.Aƙalla yana ɗaukar watanni 8 zuwa 18.
Sharks suna shiga cikin mahaifiyar kuma su ci gaba da zama na ɗan lokaci, suna samun ƙarfi da cin ƙwai, waɗanda brothersan uwansu ba su tsere ba tukuna.
Wannan sabon abu ana kiran shi ɗamarar ƙwayar cuta ta ciki.
Tsarin cikin mahaifa kuma za'a haife shi ya wuce san dozin biyu tare da tsawon 70-80 cm. Haihuwar haihuwa mai yiwuwa zata wuce zuwa cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Sharks suna tafiya a hankali sannu a hankali, suna ƙara ba da santimita a kowace shekara a cikin girma. Lokacin balaga yana faruwa yana da kusan shekara 150.
Bayanin
Matsakaicin jikin mutum ya kai 7.3 m, kuma nauyi har zuwa kilogram 1400. Mafi yawan lokuta suna zuwa wurare na 3-5 m kuma suna yin kimanin kilogram 400. Jikin yayi kama da wuta. Noyashi ta gajarta, babba da zagaye.
Shugaban yana da tsawo, wutsiya takaice. Akwai nau'i-nau'i na 5. Gill slits ne dan kadan. Babban muƙamula yana da makamai tare da kunkuntar sumba, kuma ƙananan muƙamula mai kauri tare da haƙoran murabba'in kusurwa mai haɗe da asalinsu. Ba za a iya bude bakin baki daya ba.
Babu kashin baya a kan ƙananan ɗigon ruwa da ƙarancin hancin. Anal gama bata. Babban murfin fin caudal ya fi girma girma.
Launi ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa da launin toka-toka-baki. A ciki na da haske. A tarnaƙi, ƙananan fili masu launin shuɗi suna bayyane.
Shekarar sharri na Greenland yana rayuwa a matsakaici kimanin shekaru 300.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Greenland Shark
Sharks ana kiranta babban sarki na kifayen kifi, sunansu a Latin shine Selachii. Babban su, gibodontids, ya bayyana a lokacin Babban Devonian. Selahii na d disappeared a ya ɓace a lokacin hallakar Permian, yana buɗe hanya don juyin halitta mai ɗorewa da canza su zuwa cikin sharks na zamani.
Fitowar su tana nufin farkon Mesozoic kuma yana farawa da rarrabuwa cikin sharks kuma haskoki kansu. A cikin lokacin Jurassic na cikin ƙasa da na tsakiya akwai wani juyin halitta mai aiki, sannan kusan dukkanin bangarorin zamani an kirkiresu, gami da Katraiformes, waɗanda suka haɗa da sharrin Greenland.
Bidiyo: Greenland Shark
Yawancin sharks sun jawo hankali, har ma a yau, tekuna masu ɗumi suna jan hankali, yadda wasu daga cikinsu suka zauna a cikin sanyi kuma har yanzu ba a kafa su ba don zama a cikinsu, kuma a cikin wane lokaci ne wannan ya faru - wannan shine ɗayan tambayoyin da masu binciken masu sha'awar .
Marcus Bloch da Johann Schneider sun yi bayanin sikandren yan Shark na Greenland a cikin 1801. Sannan sun karɓi sunan kimiyya Squalus microcephalus - kalma ta farko tana nufin katrana, na biyu an fassara shi da "ƙaramin kai".
Bayan haka, su, tare da wasu nau'ikan, sun ware cikin dangin Somniosa, yayin da suke ci gaba da kasancewa ga tsarin cathodean. Don haka, an canza sunan jinsin zuwa Somniosus microcephalus.
Tuni a cikin 2004, an gano cewa wasu daga cikin kifayen kifayen, wadanda a da ake kiransu yankuna yan asirin Greenland, a hakikaninsu wani nau'in halitta ne - ana kiransu Antarctic. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, suna zaune a cikin Antarctic - kuma kawai a ciki, yayin da Greenland suke - kawai a cikin Arctic.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi kyawun yanayin wannan kifin shark shine dorewa. A cikin wadancan mutane wadanda shekarunsu suka tabbatar, mafi tsufa shekaru 512 ne. Wannan ya sa ya zama tsohuwar tsohuwar hanyar vertebrate. Dukkan wakilan wannan nau'in, sai dai idan sun mutu daga raunuka ko cututtuka, sun sami damar rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ɗari da yawa.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Greenlar Polar Shark
Tana da siffar torpedo, a jikinta, zuwa ƙanƙanyuwa fiye da yawancin kifayen kifayen, ƙifartawar gani a waje, tunda girman su yana da ɗan ƙarami. Gabaɗaya, suna da ɗan ci gaba, kamar tarko wutsiya, sabili da haka saurin shingen Greenland bai da bambanci.
Hakanan, shugaban bai fito sosai ba saboda raunin gajere da zagaye. Gill slits ƙanƙane idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar sharkin kanta. Hakoran hakora suna da kunkuntar, ƙananan ƙananan kuma, akasin haka, suna da fadi, ƙari, an daidaita su da yatsa, sabanin waɗancan manyan na sama.
Matsakaicin tsayin dabbar wannan dutsen yakai mita 3-5 kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo 300-500. Shark din Greenland ya girma sosai a hankali, amma kuma yana rayuwa tsawon rai - dari daruruwan shekaru, kuma a wannan lokacin tsoffin mutane zasu iya kaiwa mita 7 kuma suna nauyin kilo 1,500.
Launi na mutane daban-daban na iya bambanta sosai: mafi haske suna da fata na launin toka-mai haske, kuma mafi duhu - kusan baki. Hakanan ana gabatar da dukkanin inuwa mai canzawa. Launi ya dogara da mazaunin maza da yanayin kifin shark, kuma yana iya canzawa a hankali. Yawancin lokaci sutura ne, amma wani lokacin akwai duhu ko fararen aibobi a baya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana kimiyya sunyi bayanin tsawon rayuwa na sharks sharri na Greenland da farko ta dalilin cewa suna rayuwa a cikin wani yanayi mai sanyi - yanayin hawan su yana raguwa sosai, sabili da haka kyallen takan kasance tsawon lokaci. Yin nazarin waɗannan kifayen sharuddan zai taimaka wajen samo mabuɗin don rage tsufa na ɗan adam..
Ina shark din Greenland yake zama?
Hoto: Greenland Shark
Suna zaune keɓantacce a cikin Arctic, tekun da ke kankara - arewa na kowane ɗan shark. Bayanin mai sauki ne: Shark na Greenland yana ƙaunar sanyi sosai kuma, sau ɗaya a cikin ruwan zafi, da sauri ya mutu, saboda jikinsa yana dacewa da ruwan sanyi. Zafin ruwan da aka fi so saboda shi yana cikin kewayon daga 0.5 zuwa 12 ° C.
Yawancin mazauninta ya hada da tekun Atlanta da tekun Arctic, amma ba duka ba - da farko suna zaune ne a bakin iyakar Kanada, Greenland da arewacin tekun Turai, amma a cikin waɗanda ke wanke Rasha daga arewa, akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu.
Babban mazauna:
- a bakin ƙarshen jihohin kudu maso gabashin Amurka (Maine, Massachusetts),
- St. Lawrence Bay,
- Labrador Sea,
- Tekun Baffin
- Tekun Greenland
- Bay daga Biscay,
- Tekun Arewa,
- ruwa kewaye da Ireland da Iceland.
Mafi yawancin lokuta ana iya samo su akan shiryayye, kusa da bakin tekun manyan tsibiri ko tsibiran, amma wani lokacin suna iya iyo sosai a cikin ruwayen teku, zuwa zurfin har zuwa mita 2,200. Amma yawanci ba sa zuwa zurfin zurfin irin wannan - a lokacin rani za su iyo iyo 'yan ɗaruruwan mitir a ƙasa.
A cikin hunturu, suna motsawa kusa da tudu, a wannan lokacin ana iya samun su a yankin igiyar ruwa ko ma a bakin kogin, cikin ruwa mara zurfi. An kuma lura da canji mai zurfi yayin rana: da yawa kifayen kifayen da ke cikin Tekun Baffin, waɗanda aka sa ido, su gangara zuwa zurfin ɗaruruwan metersari da safe, kuma daga tsakar rana sai hau sama, don haka kowace rana.
Menene yan Sharland Greenland suke ci?
Hoto: Greenlar Polar Shark
Ba ta da ikon haɓaka ba wai kawai girma ba, amma har ma matsakaiciyar sauri: iyakarta tana 2.7 km / h, wanda ya fi ƙasa da kowane kifi. Kuma wannan har ila yau yana da sauri a gare ta - na dogon lokaci ta kasa kiyaye irin wannan “babban” gudu, amma yawanci tana haɓaka 1-1.8 km / h. Tare da irin waɗannan halayen masu sauri, ba ta yin nasarar ci gaba da cin ganima a cikin teku.
An bayyana irin wannan jinkirin ta hanyar cewa ƙeƙanninta ya gajarta kuma ƙarfinta yana da girma, haka kuma, sakamakon raguwar ƙwayar jijiyoyin jikinta, sun kuma yi hankali a hankali: tana buƙatar sakan bakwai don yin motsi ɗaya!
Koyaya, Greenland din shark suna ciyar da dabbobi da sauri fiye da kanta - yana da matukar wahala a kama kuma, idan aka kwatanta da ƙima nawa za ku iya kama kifayen Greenland da kuma saurin zama a cikin tekuna mai ɗumi, sakamakon zai bambanta sosai. har ma da umarni na girma - ba shakka, ba a yarda da Greenland ba.
Kuma duk da haka, koda karamin kamun kaya ya ishe ta, tunda abincinta shima umarni ne na girman ƙarancin girman kifaye masu nauyi iri guda - wannan kuwa shine sanadiyyar wannan yanayin a hanzarin hazaka.
Tushen abincin da ake amfani da shi a cikin sharkin Greenland:
Musamman fifiko shine halin da karshen ke ciki: suna da sauri sosai, sabili da haka, yayin da suke farkawa, yan Shark basu da damar kama su. Don haka, sai ta yi kwanciya a kansu don bacci - kuma suna bacci a cikin ruwa don kada su zama ganima ga 'yar bela. Wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo da sharrin Greenland zai iya zuwa wurinsu kuma ya more nama, alal misali, hatimi.
Hakanan za ta iya cin abinci: hakika ba ta da ikon tserewa, sai dai cewa wata igiyar ruwa mai sauri za ta dauke ta, a baya wanda sharrin Greenland ba zai iya ci gaba ba. Don haka, a cikin hankulan wadanda aka kama, an samo ragowar naman daji da bears, wanda sharks a fili ba sa iya kama kansu.
Idan sharks na yau da kullun suka taru don ƙanshin jini, to yan kyankyasai Greenland suna da sha'awa ga nama mai jujjuyawa, wanda a wasu lokuta sukan bi jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi a cikin rukuni ɗaya kuma suna cinye halittu masu rai waɗanda aka jefa daga gare su.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Tsohuwar Greenland Shark
Sakamakon ƙarancin metabolism, sharks na Greenland suna yin komai a hankali: suna iyo, juyawa, iyo iyo ruwa. Saboda wannan, sun sami martaba kamar kifayen marasa kifi, amma a zahiri a gare su duk waɗannan ayyukan suna da alama a cikin sauri, sabili da haka ba za a iya faɗi cewa sun kasance m ba.
Ba su da ji mai kyau, amma suna da kyakkyawar ma'anar ƙanshi, waɗanda suke dogaro da kansu wurin neman abinci - yana da wuya a kira shi farauta. Ana amfani da wani sashi na rana na wannan binciken. Sauran lokacin an sadaukar da su don hutawa, saboda ba za su iya ɓarna yawancin kuzari a banza ba.
An yi la'akari da su ta hanyar kai wa mutane hari, amma a zahiri babu haƙiƙa a cikin ɓangaren su: kawai ana san shari'un lokacin da suka bi jiragen ruwa ko nau'ikan abubuwa, ba tare da nuna kyakkyawar niyya ba.
Kodayake a cikin tatsuniyar Icelandic tatsuniyoyin Greenland sun bayyana kamar ja da cinye mutane, amma yin hukunci da duk abubuwan lura na zamani, wannan ba komai bane illa misalai, kuma a zahirin gaskiya basu da haɗari ga ɗan adam.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu binciken har yanzu basu da yarjejeniya kan cewa za'a iya rarrabe kifin sharrin Greenland a matsayin wata halitta mai tsufa. Sun juya suka zama jinsin da suka daɗe sosai: jikinsu ba ya raguwa saboda lokaci, kuma suna mutuwa ko raunuka ko cututtuka. An tabbatar da cewa wasu nau'in kifaye, kunkuru, mollusks, da hydra suna daga cikin waɗannan kwayoyin.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Greenland Shark
Shekaru gare su suna tafiya dabam - dabam fiye da na mutane, saboda duk hanyoyin jikinsu suna tafiya sannu a hankali. Don haka, sun kai ga balaga tun suna ƙarni daya da rabi: a waccan lokacin, maza suna girma zuwa matsakaicin mita 3, mace kuma ta kai awo ɗaya da rabi.
Lokacin haihuwar yana farawa ne a lokacin bazara, bayan hadi, mace ta yanko qwai dayawa, amma a matsakaita 8-12 an riga an haifi kifayen 'yan sharholiya, sun riga sun haihu sun kai girman girman - kimanin santimita 90. Mace ta bar su nan da nan bayan haihuwa kuma ba ta kulawa da komai.
Newan jarirai nan da nan dole ne su nemi abinci kuma su yi yaƙi da masu farautar - a farkon ofan shekarun rayuwarsu, yawancinsu suna mutuwa duk da cewa akwai ƙarancin karnuka a cikin ruwan arewa fiye da na ɗan kudu masu ɗumi. Babban dalilin wannan shine jinkirin su, saboda wanda kusan basa iya karewa - yayi kyau, akalla manyan masu girma suna kare azzalumai da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Shark din Greenland ba ya haifar da otoliths a cikin kunnuwan ciki, wanda a baya ya sanya wahalar tantance shekarun su - cewa sun daɗe, masana kimiyya sun sani na dogon lokaci, amma sun kasa kafa tsawon lokacin da suka rayu.
An warware matsalar ta amfani da nazarin radiocarbon na ruwan tabarau: samuwar sunadarai a ciki na faruwa tun ma kafin haihuwar Shark, kuma ba su canza rayuwarta gaba daya. Kuma don haka ya juya ya tabbatar da cewa manya suna rayuwa tsawon ƙarni.
Abokan gaba na Greenland Sharks
Hoto: Greenlar Polar Shark
Shark na maza da ke da maƙiyan enemiesan kaɗan: na manyan mafarauta a cikin tekuna masu sanyi, ana samun kifayen kifi. Masu binciken sun gano cewa duk da cewa wasu kifayen sun fi fifita a cikin jerin kifayen kisa, har ila yau suna iya haɗa da kifin sharri na Greenland. Sun fi ƙasa da kisa mai kisa a girma da gudu, kuma a zahiri ba su iya yin tsayayya da su.
Don haka, sun zama abin farauta masu sauƙi, amma yaya yawan naman da yake jan hankalin kifayen kifayen ba a dogara da su ba - bayan haka, yana cike da urea, kuma yana cutarwa ga duka mutane da dabbobi da yawa. Daga cikin sauran masu ƙaddarar tekun arewa, ba wanda ke barazanar ɗaukar manyan kifayen Greenland.
Yawancinsu suna mutuwa ne saboda mutane, duk da rashin kamun kifi. Akwai ra'ayi tsakanin masunta cewa sukan cinye kifaye daga kaya kuma su kwace su, saboda wasu daga masunta, idan suka sami irin wannan ganima, sai su datse ƙarshen wutsiyarsa sannan su jefa shi cikin teku - a zahiri, ya mutu.
Kwayoyin cuta suna bata musu rai, kuma fiye da sauran, vermiform, shiga idanu. A hankali suna cin abin da ke ciki na ƙwallon ido, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa hango nesa yake raguwa, wani lokacin kifi ya zama makaho kwata-kwata. A kusa da idanunsu za a iya samu mai daukar hankali mai daɗaɗɗar ɓoyayyen ɓoye-ɓoye - ana nuna gaban su ta hanyar luminescence na kore.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: sharan Shark na Greenland zasu iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin Arctic tare da trimethylamine oxide wanda ke cikin kyallen na jikin mutum, wanda abubuwan sunadarai a cikin jiki zasu iya ci gaba da aiki a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da C C - ba tare da shi ba, za su rasa kwanciyar hankali. Kuma glycoproteins da aka samar da waɗannan kifayen suna zama abin hana ruwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Tsohuwar Greenland Shark
Ba a haɗa su da yawan nau'in haɗari ba, amma ba za a iya kira su da wadatar ba - suna da matsayi kusa da masu saurin rauni. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon yanayin karancin mutane, wanda a hankali yake raguwa duk da cewa darajar kasuwancin wannan kifin tayi low.
Amma duk da haka shi ne - da farko dai, ƙaddarar hantarsu tana da daraja. Wannan gabar tana da girma sosai, adadin jikinta zai iya kaiwa kashi 20 cikin dari na yawan kifin Shark. Namarsa na da dafi, yana haifar da guba ga abinci, gurnani, kuma a wasu yanayi, har ya mutu. Amma tare da tsawan aiki, ana iya yin haukarl kuma a ci.
Sakamakon hanta mai mahimmanci da kuma ikon yin amfani da nama, an lalata fatar shark a cikin Iceland da Greenland, saboda zaɓin a can ba shi da yawa. Amma a cikin rabin karni na ƙarshe, kusan ba a aiwatar da kamun kifi ba, kuma ya kan zo kamar yadda ake samu.
Har ila yau, ba a yin amfani da kifin wasa, wanda yawancin kifayen ke fama da su, dangane da shi: yana da karancin sha'awa ga kifi saboda jinkirin da kuma daskarewa, kusan ba shi da juriya. Yin kamun kifi shi idan aka kwatanta shi da rayuwar logon, wanda, ba shakka, yana da ɗan farin ciki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hanyar sanya Haukarl mai sauki ce: dole ne a yanka naman da aka yanka a cikin shark a cikin kwantena cike da tsakuwa kuma akwai ramuka a jikin bango. Na dogon lokaci - yawanci makonni 6 zuwa 12, suna “sauka”, kuma ruwan-uro-dauke da urea suna gudana daga gare su.
Bayan haka, an fitar da naman, an rataye shi a mage kuma a bar shi a bushe-iska tsawon makonni 8-18. To, yanke ɓawon burodi - kuma kuna iya ci. Gaskiya ne, dandano yana da takamaiman, kamar warin - ba abin mamaki bane, tunda wannan naman mara kyau ne. Sabili da haka, sharks na Greenland kusan dakatar da kamawa da cinyewa yayin da madadin ya bayyana, duk da cewa haukarl ya ci gaba da dafa shi a wasu wurare, kuma ana yin bukukuwan da aka keɓe don wannan abinci a biranen Icelandic.
Yan baka - mara lahani da ban sha'awa sosai don nazarin kifi. Yana da mafi mahimmanci don hana ci gaba da raguwa a yawan jama'arta, saboda yana da matukar mahimmanci ga raunin Arctic mai ɓarna. Sharks suna girma a hankali kuma suna haifar da talauci, sabili da haka mayar da lambobin su bayan faɗuwa zuwa mahimman ƙimar zai zama da wuya.