Wannan nau'in ba za'a iya gane shi ta bakinsa mai bakin magana sama ba, yana bambanta da fari-baƙar fata da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A cikin samari, shirye-shiryen filayen launuka masu launin launin shuɗi sune launin toka-launin toka.

Rarraba. Migratory, yawo kuma, a wasu wurare, an zaunar da jinsunan da aka samo a Eurasia da Afirka. An rarraba shi ba tare da daidaituwa ba a Turai, yawancin mazauna yankunan bakin teku ne. Masu cin nasara a kudu na kewayon, har zuwa kwarin Bahar Rum da Afirka. A Italiya, adadin jama'a 1,200-1,800 A nan, mutane 4,000 - 7,500 da aka yi rikodin sukan ciyar da kakarsu a kai a kai, musamman gefen tekun Adriatic da Sardinia.

Habitat. Tana yin sheƙai a cikin yankunan bakin ruwa kusa da ruwan gishiri, akasari cikin laka da laka wurare da ke kewaye da ruwa, buɗe ko tare da ciyayi. A wasu wurare, ana iya ganin shiloklyuvk a kan ruwan tsarkakakkun ruwa.

Ilimin halitta. Yana samar da mazauna, galibi yakan zauna tare da wasu adersayoyin, gulls da terns. Daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, yana sanya 4 haske launin ruwan kasa qwai tare da dige masu duhu, wanda iyayen biyu ke sanya kwanansu na kwanaki 23-25. Chickks sun zama fuka-fuki tun yana da kimanin kwanaki 35 zuwa 45. Masonry ɗaya a shekara. Muryar tana dauriya, tana kama da sautin sarewa. Abincin ya ƙunshi invertebrates. Yana tashi da sauri, ko da yake zazzagewar fikafikan yayi jinkirin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Shiloklyuv yana ciyar da ruwa mai zurfi, yayin da yake da ƙarancin ƙarancin bera kuma yana motsa su daga gefe zuwa gefe, yada datti da riƙe ganima. Yana iyo da sauki kuma cikin alherin, tare da tsakiyar nauyi jujjuya gaba.

Tsaro. A wasu wurare na kewayon, yawan wannan nau'in yana raguwa saboda canje-canjen muhalli, amma a wuraren da aka kiyaye shi ana lura da sabanin yanayin.

Shiloklyuvka (Samantarkarsu avosetta)

Shirya Bayyanar

Daga nesa, za a iya kuskure shiloklyuv don gull. Bayan haka, idan akayi bincike kusa dashi, tsuntsu ne mai sauƙin ganewa, a cikin kewayon kuranin, ba wanda yayi kama da sauran nau'in halitta. Abu na farko da ya kama maka ido wani bege ne, siriri, wanda yake daɗaɗaɗaɗɗa a cikin rabin apical - wannan fasalin yana rarrabe tsuntsu da sutturar launuka masu kama da juna, a cikin sa katakon ya kasance madaidaiciya da gajeru. Shiloklyuv shima yafi girma - tsayinsa yakai 42- 46 cm, fuka-fukai mai zurfi 67-70. Tsarin shine mafi yawan farin, ban da bakar fata, wanda yai nisa zuwa bayan kai da kuma na sama na wuya, da kuma ratsin baki mai baki kan fuka-fuki. Wutsiya takaice kuma madaidaiciya. Kafafu suna da kyau, tare da membran na iyo. Bakan gizo mai duhu launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Maza da mata kusan ba sa bambanta cikin girma da launi daga juna, sai dai in mace ce tushen gemu na iya zama ɗan ƙaramin haske, kuma fararen zoben ne sananne a kusa da ido. A cikin tsuntsayen matasa, sautunan baƙar fata a cikin filawa suna maye gurbinsu da launin ruwan hoda, wani lokacin launin ruwan kasa. Ba ya samar da tallafi.

Shirya motsi

A kan ƙasa, shiloklyuk ko dai yana gudana da sauri, yana durƙusa zuwa ƙasa da shimfiɗa dogon wuya, ko kuma, akasin haka, a hankali yana tafiya a kusa, yana shimfida fikafikan sa. Wani lokacin yakan lanƙwashe ƙafafunsa kuma ya faɗi tare da dukan jiki a kan yashi (“durƙusa”). Sau da yawa yakan wuce kafadu zuwa cikin ruwa, inda yake samun abinci ta hanyar rage masa baki a kwance zuwa saman ruwa. Yakan yi iyo sosai, kusan ba zai nutse cikin ruwa ba, kuma yana yin ruwa kamar ducks. A cikin jirgin, yana shimfida ƙafafunsa nesa da baya, a wannan lokacin zai iya rikicewa tare da plofish plover (Dromas ardeola).

Nesting Range Shirya

Yankunan kiwo ya watsu, ya rufe wurare da yawa na canjin yanayi daga yanayin zafi a Arewacin Atlantika zuwa kwari da hamada a Tsakiyar Asiya, da kuma tsaunuka da raƙuman ruwa na Gabas da Afirka ta kudu A Yammacin Turai da Yammacin Turai, kuranan a kan iyakar Portugal da Ingila zuwa kudancin Sweden da Estonia. A Faransa, ana samun duka biyu a arewa a gefen Bay na Biscay da Turancin Ingilishi, kuma a kudu a cikin Bahar Rum. A Spain, yana shirya nursun ba wai kawai a gabar kudu maso kudu ba, har ma akan tafkunan gishirin ciki. A Kudancin Turai, kuma yana da sheƙarta a Sardinia, a Italiya, Girka, Hungary da Romania. A Austria, ana samun su galibi a gabar tafkin Neusiedler See. Yankuna gabas zuwa gabar tekun arewa na Bahar Maliya, ciki har da Ukraine a yankin Gulf na Sivash da arewacin Azov.

A cikin Rasha, iyakar arewa tana gudana tare da kwarin Don, Volgograd, da kogin Bolshoi da Maly Uzen, da kuma a Siberiya ta kudu na 55, Tuva, ƙananan iyakar Selenga da kuma tafkunan Torean a Transbaikalia. Zai yiwu kuma mahimmai a cikin yankin Saratov. A cikin Kazakhstan, an lura da wasu yankuna na yankin kudu zuwa ƙananan Ilek. A cikin Asiya a wajen Rasha, ana samun wuraren farauta daban a arewacin Kasashen Larabawa, a Iraki, Iran (Dutsen Zagros), Afghanistan, Pakistan (arewacin Balochistan), a yammacin India (gundumar Kach) da arewacin China (Tsaidam hamada da kuma tsakiyar tsakiyar kogin Rawaya) . A cikin Afirka, tana da nisha a arewa a kan iyakar Morocco da Tunisiya, har ma da gabashin da kuma sassan nahiyoyin kudu maso gabashin Afirka, amma babu ita a cikin Sahara da kuma wuraren da ake da ruwa sosai.

Gwajin Habitats

A lokacin nunin yana kan dogayen kofofin rami mai kyau tare da ruwan gishiri ko ruwa mai banƙyama - layin bakin teku, tafkuna masu zurfi, maɗaukakin gishiri, kewayen ruwa, lokutan yanayi a cikin hamada da yankunan savannah. Ya zabi wurare inda a lokacin bazara matakin ruwa ya ragu sosai, yana fallasa tsibiran da yawa, sandbanks da crests dutsen. Wani fasalin sifofin rukunin yanar gizo shine ciyayi mai saurin lalacewa sakamakon babban gishiri a cikin ruwa. Daga cikin lokacin kiwo, yana manne da irin wannan nau'in halittu, da tafkuna, kogunan ruwa, lagoons da rairayin bakin teku masu bakin teku.

Shirya Hijira

Yanayin ƙaura sun dogara da yankin mazauna. A arewaci da gabashin Turai, har ma a Asiya, shiloklyvki yawanci tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura. A Burtaniya, Faransa, da Netherlands lokacin bazara mai zafi, yawancin tsuntsayen hunturu; suna ci gaba da zama a wuraren da suke fara'a. A cikin Helgoland Bay da Rhine Delta, inda a tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Yuli babban garken tsuntsaye daga Sweden, Denmark da Jamus ke tarawa yayin yin tsalle-tsalle, amma kaso kaɗan ne daga cikinsu suka rage domin yin hunturu. A ƙarshe, a cikin Afirka da kuma gabar Tekun Bahar Rum, shiloklyuvs suna jagorancin rayuwa ta yau da kullun ko kuma maida hankali a kan iyakar a lokacin rani.

Daga arewaci da yammacin Turai, tsuntsaye suna motsa kudu maso yamma a cikin faɗuwar rana, kuma wasunsu suna tsayawa a cikin biredi da kewayen ƙasashen Faransa, Portugal da Spain. Bugu da kari, yawancin tsuntsayen hunturu a cikin filayen da mutane ke nomawa - alal misali, a tafkuna na wucin gadi inda ake fasa kifi. Sauran ɓangarorin sun haye tekun Bahar Rum da masu ruwan sanyi a tekun Atlantika na Afirka. Yawan Jama'a na Tsakiya da Kudu maso Yammacin Turai suna tashi zuwa kudu da kudu maso gabas, har suka isa ga Tekun Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya, da kuma Afirka ta Arewa. Wasu tsuntsaye daga wadannan yankuna sun tsallaka cikin Sahara kuma suna tsayawa a nesa da Sahel a cikin Sudan da Chadi. Ba a yi nazarin hanyoyin ƙaura daga Yankin Tsakiyar Asiya da Siberiya ba, amma an san yanayin tashin hankalin hunturu a cikin Tekun Farisa, arewa maso yammacin Indiya da kuma tekun Bahar Maliya a China. Hijira ta kaka tana farawa a watan Yuli da Agusta, kuma a watan Oktoba yawancin tsuntsayen sun riga sun bar gidansu.

Shiloklyuvki - auren mace ɗaya, fara haihuwar daga ƙarshen shekara ta biyu na rayuwa. Tsuntsayen suna isa wuraren da ake farawa daga shekarun da suka gabata na Maris zuwa Mayu, suna cikin rukunin mutane 5-30 kan ƙaura, kuma suna taruwa cikin manyan wuraren garkuwa a wuraren hutawa. Maza manya sun fara tashi daga farko, sannan mata manya, daga ƙarshe ƙaramin tsuntsaye waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 4 sun tashi daga ƙarshe. Suna zaune tare da masanan wurare waɗanda suka kunshi 10 zuwa 70 nau'i-nau'i, sau da yawa tare da sauran nau'in - gulls, terns da sauran gilashi. Musamman, a kudu na Yenisei Siberiya, an lura da gidajenn mazaje na shiloklyuv tare da tern kogin, ƙarami da tekun teku, da maganin gargajiya. Single nests ne rare.

Nau'i nau'i biyu a wuraren farauta jim kaɗan bayan isowa. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, ma'aurata suka fara gina gida, wanda yawanci ke a kusa da ruwa, a kan yashi, a tsakanin ciyawar da ba a sani ba ko kuma wani bushewar laka mai lalacewa. Koyaushe yana zaɓar sarari, ba tare da wani ciyawa mai kauri kamar sedge ko cattail ba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, gida shine ƙaramin rami a cikin ƙasa, ba tare da rufi ko layi tare da ciyayi ba, an tattara shi a cikin radius na ƙasa da mita 5. A kan yumbu mai laka, da gida na iya tashi zuwa tsayin 7-10 cm daga ƙasa kuma a wannan yanayin yana kama da tsararren maɓallin kamannin da aka yi da cakuda datti da kayan shuka. A kowane hali, gida bai rufe komai daga sama ba. Nisa tsakanin nitocin dake kusa da ita shine matsakaicin nisan mil, amma tare da babban adadin sasantawa zai iya zama 20-30 cm.

Farkon kiwo an shimfida shi sosai gwargwadon yankin da yanayin yanayi - a kudanci na kewayon, ana sanya ƙwai yawanci a farkon Afrilu, a Yankin Tekun Wadden da ke arewa maso yammacin Turai a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Afrilu, da kuma Siberiya a farkon Mayu. Clutch sau ɗaya a shekara, ya ƙunshi 4, da wuya ƙwai 3 na ocher, yashi ko launi na zaitun tare da baƙi da launin toka. Wani lokacin aibobi sukan haɗu, suna samun halayen shanyewar waka da waka a sa'ilin tsarin marmara. Wani lokaci, ana samun ƙarin ƙwai a cikin ɓoyayyen, amma, ana samun ƙarin ƙwai ƙwanƙwasa. Girman ƙwai: (44-58) x (31-39) mm, nauyi kimanin 31.7 g. Dukkan mambobi na biyu suna yin kwana biyu zuwa 23-25. A kan gida, tsuntsayen suna nuna halayensu a hankali suna yin ƙarfin gwiwa a kan baƙi, suna kare gida. Kajin da aka Haifa an lullube su da ruwa - a saman wata launin yashi mai launin shuɗi tare da alamomin baƙi, a ƙasa fari. Bayan da ba a bushe, suna barin gida da kansu kuma suna bin iyayensu, wani lokacin suna yin tafiya mai nisan mil daga gida. Namiji da mace suna ciyar da zuriya. Zamanin shine ya rage kwanaki 35-42, bayan haka kajin suka fara tashi dan samun cikakken yanci. Matsakaicin sananne a Turai dangane da sakamakon bandeji ya bayyana a cikin Netherlands - shekaru 27 10 watanni.

Tushen abincin shine nau'in nau'ikan ruwa na ruwa zuwa 4-15 cm tsayi, ana samarwa a cikin yankin. A cikin neman abinci, tsuntsu galibi yakan yi yawo cikin ruwa mara nauyi, yana tsinkayar bakin sa daga gefe zuwa gefe da ƙoƙarin saman ruwan ko jefa gemun cikin lamuran. Wani lokacin yana ciyar da ruwa, yana yin ruwa a gaban jikin mutum - hanyar da ta farauto yawancin dabbobi. Ciyarwar tana neman ga taɓawa. Cin kwari - ƙananan ƙwaro (gwoza ƙasa (dazuƙa ƙasa, da sauransu), shoreworms (Ephydridae), murkushe - Artemia (Artemia salina) da kuma amphipods daga rukunin Corophium, tsutsotsin ƙasa da tsutsotsi na polychaete, soyayyen kifi da ƙananan mollusks.